Substation ground foundation collapse monitoring and early warning system

Abstract

The invention provides a monitoring and early warning system for collapse and hollowing of a ground foundation of a transformer substation. The monitoring and early warning system comprises a database module, an abnormal early warning module, a humidity data acquisition module and a data comparison module, a preset soil humidity threshold value is stored in the database module; the humidity data acquisition module is used for acquiring a current humidity data value in soil below a transformer substation foundation and sending the acquired current humidity data value to the data comparison module; the data comparison module receives the current humidity data value sent by the humidity data acquisition module and compares the current humidity data value with a preset soil humidity threshold value in the database module, and if the current humidity data value is larger than the preset soil humidity threshold value, the abnormity early warning module can give an early warning prompt to operation and maintenance personnel. By monitoring and early warning the humidity in the soil below the transformer substation foundation, operation and maintenance personnel can timely master the underground water level condition of the area where the transformer substation is located and timely take measures for preventing collapse.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring, and particularly relates to a substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system. Background Art

[0002] As a key hub for power transmission, the stability of the infrastructure of a substation is of crucial importance and is directly related to the normal operation safety of the substation. Due to complex geological conditions, the ground foundation for constructing a substation is long-term affected by natural factors (such as rain erosion, seismic activities, freeze-thaw cycles) and possible underground mineral mining. The risk of ground subsidence cannot be ignored. Especially in the northwest region of China, collapsible loess is widely distributed. When this special soil encounters rain, the water content in the soil increases, which will soften the soil, resulting in a decrease in the adhesion between the surface layer and the base layer of the ground, the destruction of its structure, a significant reduction in strength, and is prone to soil erosion and local subsidence and hollowing phenomena. This phenomenon brings great potential safety hazards to the substation, not only affecting the normal operation of substation equipment, but also potentially threatening the safety of personnel.

[0003] Traditional substation operation and maintenance methods are difficult to effectively monitor this potential subsidence risk. Usually, operation and maintenance personnel can only rely on regular inspections and observe the external changes of the ground with the naked eye. However, the subsidence process often has a certain degree of concealment and is difficult to detect on the ground surface. By the time obvious ground cracks, sinking and other phenomena occur, the subsidence problem may have developed to a relatively serious level, and even until the substation tilts and endangers the stable operation of the equipment in the substation before it is discovered. Since the subsidence situation of the ground foundation cannot be known in the first place, operation and maintenance personnel cannot handle it in time, resulting in the continuous expansion of the ground subsidence. This not only may cause damage to ground facilities, but also is extremely likely to cause tripping faults of substation equipment due to ground subsidence, seriously threatening the normal power supply of the power grid and bringing great inconvenience and economic losses to production and life. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system to solve the technical problem that operation and maintenance personnel cannot discover in time when the ground foundation of a substation subsides in the prior art.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows: A substation ground foundation collapse monitoring and early warning system includes a database module, an abnormal early warning module, a humidity data acquisition module, and a data comparison module; a preset soil humidity threshold is stored in the database module; the humidity data acquisition module is used to acquire the current humidity data value in the soil under the substation ground foundation and send the acquired current humidity data value to the data comparison module; the data comparison module receives the current humidity data value sent by the humidity data acquisition module and compares the current humidity data value with the preset soil humidity threshold in the database module. When the current humidity data value is greater than the preset soil humidity threshold, a first trigger signal is generated, and the abnormal early warning module responds to the first trigger signal and issues a warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0006] Preferably, the humidity data acquisition module includes a humidity data acquisition unit and several soil humidity sensors. The several soil humidity sensors are embedded in the soil in different areas under the substation ground foundation and are electrically connected to the humidity data acquisition unit respectively. The humidity data acquisition unit acquires the humidity data values in the soil of each corresponding area under the substation ground foundation in real time or at regular intervals through each soil humidity sensor, and sends the acquired current humidity data values of each corresponding area to the data comparison module respectively. The data comparison module receives the current humidity data values of each corresponding area sent by the humidity data acquisition module in sequence and compares the current humidity data values of each corresponding area with the preset soil humidity threshold in the database module in sequence. When the current humidity data value in any area is greater than the preset soil humidity threshold, a first trigger signal corresponding to this area is generated, and the abnormal early warning module responds to the first trigger signal and issues a warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0007] Preferably, it further includes a pressure test execution module; a preset foundation bearing pressure threshold is also stored in the database module; the pressure test execution module includes a pressure data acquisition unit and a pressure test execution unit. The pressure test execution unit responds to the first trigger signal and performs a pressurization test in the soil in the corresponding area under the foundation of the substation. The pressure data acquisition unit acquires the pressure data value of the current pressurization test performed in the corresponding area by the pressure test execution unit and sends the acquired current pressure data value of the corresponding area to the data comparison module. The data comparison module receives the current pressure data value of the corresponding area sent by the pressure data acquisition unit and compares the current pressure data value of the corresponding area with the preset foundation bearing pressure threshold in the database module. When the current pressure data value of the corresponding area is less than the preset foundation bearing pressure threshold, a second trigger signal corresponding to this area is generated, and the abnormal early warning module responds to the second trigger signal and issues a collapse warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0008] Preferably, the pressure test execution unit includes an air booster pump, a plurality of air bags, conduits and pressure sensors. The input end of each air bag is respectively connected to the output end of the air booster pump through a conduit. An air flow meter and a solenoid valve are respectively arranged on each conduit connecting the air bags. Each air bag is sequentially embedded in the soil under the ground foundation of the substation and is buried corresponding to the positions of the soil humidity sensors. A plurality of the pressure sensors are respectively arranged on each air bag or the conduits connecting the air bags and are respectively electrically connected to the pressure data acquisition unit. The air booster pump and the air flow meter respond to the first trigger signal and execute the delivery of a predetermined amount of inflation to the air bags in the corresponding area, and perform a pressure increase test in the soil in the corresponding area through the air bags. The pressure sensors are respectively used to detect the pressure data values of the air bags performing the pressure increase test. The pressure data acquisition unit acquires the pressure data values of the air bags performing the pressure increase test through the pressure sensors and sends the currently acquired pressure data values to the data comparison module.

[0009] Preferably, the pressure test execution module further includes a trigger unit. The trigger unit regularly triggers the pressure test execution module to actively perform a pressure increase test on the soil in different areas under the substation foundation according to a preset time.

[0010] Preferably, the system further includes a foundation collapse monitoring module. A preset foundation collapse warning threshold is also stored in the database module. The foundation collapse monitoring module includes a foundation collapse monitoring unit and foundation collapse detection sensors. The foundation collapse detection sensors are distributed and buried in the soil in different areas under the ground foundation of the substation and are respectively electrically connected to the foundation collapse monitoring unit. The foundation collapse monitoring unit performs collapse monitoring on the soil in different areas under the ground foundation of the substation through the foundation collapse detection sensors, acquires the current foundation collapse monitoring data values of different areas, and transmits the currently acquired foundation collapse monitoring data values of different areas to the data comparison module. The data comparison module receives the current foundation collapse monitoring data values sent by the foundation collapse monitoring unit and compares the current foundation collapse monitoring data values with the preset foundation collapse warning threshold in the database module. When the current foundation collapse monitoring data value of any area is greater than the preset foundation collapse warning threshold, a third trigger signal corresponding to the area is generated. The abnormal warning module responds to the third trigger signal and issues a warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0011] Preferably, the system further includes an inclination data acquisition module, and a preset inclination angle threshold is also stored in the database module; the inclination data acquisition module is used to acquire the inclination angle value of the surrounding walls of the substation and send the acquired current inclination angle value to the data comparison module; the data comparison module receives the current inclination angle value sent by the inclination data acquisition module and compares the current inclination angle value with the preset inclination angle threshold in the database module. When the current inclination angle value is greater than the preset inclination angle threshold, a fourth trigger signal is generated, and the abnormal warning module responds to the fourth trigger signal to send a wall inclination warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0012] Preferably, the inclination data acquisition module includes an inclination data acquisition unit and at least two inclination sensors. The inclination sensors are distributed on the surrounding walls of the substation and are electrically connected to the inclination data acquisition unit. The inclination data acquisition unit is used to detect the inclination angle of the substation wall in the corresponding area. The inclination data acquisition unit acquires the wall inclination angle values of the corresponding areas of the substation in real time or at regular intervals through each inclination sensor respectively, and sends the acquired current inclination angle value to the data comparison module; the data comparison module receives the current inclination angle value sent by the inclination data acquisition unit and compares the current inclination angle value with the preset inclination angle threshold in the database module.

[0013] Preferably, the monitoring and warning system further includes a remote data transmission module. The soil humidity sensor, the pressure test execution unit, and the inclination sensor are respectively communicatively connected to the remote data transmission module (4G / 5G). The remote data transmission module (4G / 5G) is used to communicatively connect the soil humidity sensor, the pressure test execution unit, and the inclination sensor to the humidity data acquisition unit, the pressure data acquisition unit, and the inclination data acquisition unit respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the monitoring and warning system further includes a solar power supply system. The solar power supply system is electrically connected to the soil humidity sensor, the pressure test execution unit, and the inclination sensor for supplying power to the soil humidity sensor, the pressure test execution unit, and the inclination sensor.

[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system provided by the present invention includes a database module, an abnormal early warning module, a humidity data acquisition module, and a data comparison module; a preset soil humidity threshold is stored in the database module; the humidity data acquisition module is used to acquire the current humidity data value of the soil under the substation foundation and send the acquired current humidity data value to the data comparison module; the data comparison module receives the current humidity data value sent by the humidity data acquisition module and compares the current humidity data value with the preset soil humidity threshold stored in the database module. When the current humidity data value is greater than the preset soil humidity threshold, the abnormal early warning module can send a warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel. The beneficial effects of this monitoring and early warning system are as follows: By monitoring and warning the humidity of the soil under the substation foundation, it is convenient for the operation and maintenance personnel to timely grasp the situation of the groundwater level in the area where the substation is located, and take timely measures to prevent subsidence, providing comprehensive data support for early detection and early intervention, enabling the operation and maintenance personnel to understand the key on-site information in the first time, rush to the scene for disposal in time, strive for precious time for subsequent processing, minimize the damage of foundation subsidence to substation equipment, ensure the safe and stable operation of power grid equipment, and reduce the adverse impact on social production and life caused by power failures. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the pressure test execution module.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the humidity data acquisition module.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the tilt data acquisition module.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the tilt data acquisition module.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the inclined insertion of the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor.

[0022] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the layered embedding of the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor.

[0023] In the figure: database module 10, abnormal warning module 20, pressure test execution module 30, humidity data acquisition module 40, data comparison module 50, humidity data acquisition unit 41, soil humidity sensor 42, pressure data acquisition unit 31, pressure test execution unit 32, tilt data acquisition module 60, tilt data acquisition unit 61, tilt angle sensor 62, foundation subsidence monitoring module 70, foundation subsidence monitoring unit 71, foundation subsidence detection sensor 72. Detailed implementation manners

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Please refer to Figure 1 An embodiment of the present invention provides a substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and warning system, which includes a database module 10, an abnormal warning module 20, a humidity data acquisition module 40, and a data comparison module 50; a preset soil humidity threshold (D) is stored in the database module 10. The humidity data acquisition module 40 is used to obtain the current humidity data value (C) in the soil under the substation foundation in real time or at regular intervals through a data acquisition terminal (soil humidity sensor 42), and send the obtained current humidity data value (C) to the data comparison module 50. The data comparison module 50 receives the current humidity data value (C) sent by the humidity data acquisition module 40, and compares the current humidity data value (C) with the preset soil humidity threshold (D) in the database module 10. When the current humidity data value (C) > the preset soil humidity threshold (D), a first trigger signal is generated, and the abnormal warning module 20 responds to the first trigger signal and sends a warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 3, specifically, the humidity data acquisition module 40 includes a humidity data acquisition unit 41 and a plurality of soil humidity sensors 42. The humidity data acquisition unit 41 is a data acquisition terminal. The plurality of soil humidity sensors 42 are pre-buried in the soil in different areas under the ground foundation of the substation at intervals according to a predetermined depth (1-2 meters) in sequence, and the soil humidity sensors 42 are numbered in sequence (C1, C2, C3...), and are respectively electrically connected to the humidity data acquisition unit 41. The humidity data acquisition unit 41 is connected to the RS485 bus data comparison module 50. The humidity data acquisition unit 41 sequentially obtains the humidity data values (C1, C2, C3...) in the soil in the corresponding areas under the ground foundation of the substation in real time or at regular intervals through the soil humidity sensors 42, and respectively sends the currently obtained humidity data values (C1, C2, C3...) in the corresponding areas to the data comparison module 50. The data comparison module 50 sequentially receives the currently obtained humidity data values (C1, C2, C3...) in the corresponding areas sent by the humidity data acquisition unit 41, and sequentially compares the currently obtained humidity data values (C1, C2, C3...) in the corresponding areas with the preset soil humidity threshold (D) in the database module 10. When the currently obtained humidity data value in any area > the preset soil humidity threshold (D), a first trigger signal corresponding to this area is generated. The abnormal warning module 20 responds to the first trigger signal and issues a warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0027] Further, the monitoring and warning system further includes a pressure test execution module 30; a preset foundation bearing pressure threshold (P) is also stored in the database module 10; the pressure test execution module 30 includes a pressure data acquisition unit 31 and a pressure test execution unit 32. The pressure test execution unit 32 responds to the first trigger signal and performs a pressurization test in the soil in the corresponding area under the foundation of the substation. The pressure data acquisition unit 31 obtains the pressure data value (K) of the pressure test execution unit 32 currently performing the pressurization test in the corresponding area, and sends the currently obtained pressure data value (K) in the corresponding area to the data comparison module 50. The data comparison module 50 receives the currently obtained pressure data value (K) in the corresponding area sent by the pressure data acquisition unit 31, and compares the currently obtained pressure data value (K) in the corresponding area with the preset foundation bearing pressure threshold (P) in the database module 10. When the currently obtained pressure data value (K) in the corresponding area < the preset foundation bearing pressure threshold (P), a second trigger signal corresponding to this area is generated. The abnormal warning module 20 responds to the second trigger signal and issues a collapse warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0028] Specifically, the pressure test execution unit 32 includes a controller, an air booster pump, a plurality of air bags, conduits, and pressure sensors. The input end of each air bag is respectively connected to the output end of the air booster pump through a conduit. An air flow meter and a solenoid valve are respectively arranged on each conduit connecting the air bags. Each air bag is sequentially embedded in the soil under the ground foundation of the substation and is buried corresponding to the positions of the respective soil humidity sensors 42. Each air bag is sequentially numbered (K1, K2, K3...). The positions of the air bags are made to correspond one by one with the positions of the respective soil humidity sensors 42. The controller is used to control the start of the air booster pump and the opening of each solenoid valve to perform inflation detection on each air bag. For example, the air bag at the (K2) position corresponds to the soil humidity sensor 42 at the (C2) position. The air booster pump is used to supply compressed air to each air bag. The air flow meter is used to detect the inflation volume delivered by the air booster pump to the air bag. The solenoid valve is used to control the connection or closing of the conduit. A plurality of the pressure sensors are respectively arranged on each air bag or the conduits connecting the air bags and are respectively electrically connected to the pressure data acquisition unit 31. The pressure data acquisition unit 31 is a data acquisition terminal and is connected through the RS485 bus data comparison module 50. The pressure test execution unit 32 responds to the first trigger signal, controls the start of the air booster pump through the controller, and controls the opening of the corresponding solenoid valve to execute the delivery of a predetermined flow rate of inflation volume to the air bag in the area corresponding to the first trigger signal, and performs a pressure increase test in the soil in the corresponding area through the air bag. The pressure sensors are respectively used to detect the pressure of each air bag performing the pressure increase test and generate pressure signals. The pressure data acquisition unit 31 obtains the pressure signals of each air bag performing the pressure increase test through each pressure sensor, converts the pressure signals into the corresponding current pressure data value (K), and sends the current pressure data value (K) to the data comparison module 50. The data comparison module 50 receives the current pressure data value (K) of the corresponding area sent by the pressure data acquisition unit 31, and compares the current pressure data value (K) of the corresponding area with the preset foundation bearing threshold (P) in the database module 10. When the current pressure data value (K) of the corresponding area < the preset foundation bearing threshold (P), a second trigger signal corresponding to this area is generated. The abnormal warning module 20 responds to the second trigger signal and sends a collapse warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0029] Embodiment 1: During the monitoring of the ground foundation subsidence of a substation, the soil moisture threshold (D) stored in the database module 10 is preset as: soil moisture content 99%; the foundation bearing pressure threshold (P) is preset as: 0.55 MPa (megapascal); the air-filled bag is preferably a high-pressure air-filled bag made of rubber material. At outdoor normal temperature (25 °C), the state of the air-filled bag after inflation is: when the pressure = 0.5 MPa (gauge pressure), its volume = 0.5 cubic meters, and its inflation volume = approximately 121.35 mol (number of moles of gas); after the air-filled bag is laid flat and buried in the soil under the foundation, the initial state of the air-filled bag is: completely deflated, and the internal pressure of the air-filled bag is 0 MPa (gauge pressure); the air booster pump is used to provide compressed air to each air-filled bag, and the air flow meter is used to control the air booster pump to deliver a predetermined amount of inflation volume (number of moles of gas) to each air-filled bag, and the predetermined amount of this inflation volume (number of moles of gas) is: approximately 121.35 mol (number of moles of gas).

[0030] The humidity data acquisition unit 41 sequentially obtains the humidity data values (C1, C2, C3...) in the soil of each corresponding area under the ground foundation of the substation in real time or at regular intervals through each soil humidity sensor 42, and respectively sends the currently obtained humidity data values (C1, C2, C3...) of each corresponding area to the data comparison module 50. The data comparison module 50 sequentially receives the currently obtained humidity data values (C1, C2, C3...) of each corresponding area sent by the humidity data acquisition unit 41, and sequentially compares the currently obtained humidity data values (C1, C2, C3...) of each corresponding area with the preset soil moisture threshold (D) in the database module 10. When the currently obtained humidity data value of any area > the preset soil moisture threshold (D), a first trigger signal corresponding to this area is generated.

[0031] For example, when the current humidity data value (C) in the area numbered (C2) > the preset soil humidity threshold (soil moisture content 99%), a first trigger signal corresponding to the (C2) area is generated. The anomaly warning module 20 responds to this first trigger signal. At the same time, the pressure test execution unit 32 responds to the first trigger signal and executes the delivery of a predetermined amount of inflation gas to the airbag (K2) set corresponding to the (C2) area, and performs a pressure increase test in the soil of the corresponding area through the airbag (K2). When the inflation amount (number of moles of gas) of the airbag (K2) > the predetermined amount of inflation gas (number of moles of gas: approximately 121.35 mol), or when the inflation pressure of this airbag > 0.55 MPa (megapascal), the air booster pump stops inflating this airbag. At this time, the pressure data acquisition unit 31 obtains the pressure data value (K) after inflation of this airbag (K2) through the pressure sensor corresponding to this airbag (K2), and sends this pressure data value (K) to the data comparison module 50; the data comparison module 50 receives the current pressure data value (K) of (K2) sent by the pressure data acquisition unit 31, and compares it with the preset foundation bearing threshold (0.55 MPa) in the database module 10. If the current pressure data value (K) of (K2) < the preset foundation bearing threshold (0.55 MPa), it indicates that a collapse has occurred in this area, and a second trigger signal corresponding to this area is generated. The anomaly warning module 20 responds to the second trigger signal and issues a collapse warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel; if the current pressure data value (K) of (K2) > the preset foundation bearing threshold (0.55 MPa), it indicates that the area where (K2) is located is normal or the collapsed area is within the safe range, and the anomaly warning module 20 then remains in a silent state.

[0032] An exhaust valve is also provided on each conduit connecting the airbag. After the airbag completes the pressure increase test, it can be exhausted through the exhaust valve to restore it to a deflated state.

[0033] Embodiment 2: The pressure test execution module 30 also includes a trigger unit. When the pressure test execution module 30 does not respond to the first trigger signal, the trigger unit periodically triggers the pressure test execution module 30 to actively perform a pressurization test on the soil under the foundation of the substation according to a preset time. For example, the trigger period of the trigger unit can be set to N days, and the pressure test execution module 30 is triggered once to perform an active pressurization test; during the active pressurization test, the pressure test execution module 30 performs a pressurization test on each airbag in sequence, and compares the current pressure data value (K) of each airbag with the foundation pressure threshold value (0.55MPa) preset in the database module 10 separately; if the current pressure data value (K) of any airbag is less than the foundation pressure threshold value (0.55MPa), a second trigger signal corresponding to the area is generated, and the abnormal warning module 20 responds to the second trigger signal and issues a collapse warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0034] Substation foundation collapse and hollowing problems are mainly caused by changes in soil properties and water content, especially in remote outdoor areas, where rainwater infiltration or groundwater level fluctuations can significantly increase the risk. If the foundation soil is expansive soil (expands when exposed to water and shrinks when dehydrated) or collapsible loess (collapses when exposed to water), repeated expansion and contraction or sudden sinking can cause uneven foundation settlement; at the same time, a drop in groundwater levels (such as drought or excessive pumping) can cause the soil to lose water and shrink, resulting in cracks, while a rise in water levels (such as heavy rain) can wash away soil particles and form cavities. In addition, if the foundation pit is not well drained, the foundation soil will be softened by long-term water immersion, and its bearing capacity will be further reduced, eventually inducing collapse.

[0035] The monitoring principle of the system is: an inflatable bag is pre-buried in the soil under the ground foundation of the substation, and the inflatable bag is inflated. The volume expansion of the inflatable bag after inflation is used to detect whether there is hollowing or collapse in the soil under the foundation of the power station. Since the hollowing and collapse phenomena are mainly caused by changes in soil moisture content, the system first monitors the soil moisture under the substation foundation in real time / periodic time, analyzes the trend of water level changes, and evaluates the potential risk of early collapse, hollowing or settlement of the foundation. When the soil moisture exceeds the preset threshold, it means that the risk of collapse, hollowing or settlement of the substation foundation increases. The abnormal warning module 20 responds to the first trigger signal and issues a first-level warning prompt to remind the operation and maintenance personnel to check or take countermeasures in time; in addition, the pressure test execution unit 32 responds to the first trigger signal at the same time, executes the filling of a predetermined amount of air into the inflatable bag in the corresponding area, and uses the principle of volume expansion of the inflatable bag after inflation to perform a filling test on the collapsed hollowing of the foundation, so as to determine the volume of the collapsed hollowing area.

[0036] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the selected airbag specifications are as follows: when the pressure of the airbag after inflation = 0.5 MPa (gauge pressure), its volume = 0.5 cubic meters, and its inflation volume = approximately 121.35 mol (number of moles of gas); when performing a pressure boost test on the airbag, if the inflation volume of the airbag reaches = approximately 121.35 mol (number of moles of gas) and its pressure < the foundation bearing threshold (0.55 MPa), it indicates that there is approximately 0.5 cubic meters of subsidence and hollowing in the area where the airbag is located. If the inflation volume of the airbag does not reach = approximately 121.35 mol (number of moles of gas), or its pressure > the foundation bearing threshold (0.55 MPa), it indicates that there is no subsidence and hollowing phenomenon in the area where the airbag is located or the volume of the subsidence and hollowing < 0.5 cubic meters.

[0037] During the actual implementation and testing process, the selected airbag specifications can be adjusted according to the soil properties and actual requirements of the area where the substation is located.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5 Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the system further includes a foundation subsidence monitoring module 70, and a preset foundation subsidence warning threshold is also stored in the database module 10; the foundation subsidence monitoring module 70 includes a foundation subsidence monitoring unit 71 and a foundation subsidence detection sensor 72. The foundation subsidence detection sensors 72 are distributed and buried in the soil in different areas under the ground foundation of the substation and are respectively electrically connected to the foundation subsidence monitoring unit 71. The foundation subsidence monitoring unit 71 is electrically connected to the data comparison module 50 through the RS485 bus. The foundation subsidence monitoring unit 71 monitors the subsidence of the soil in different areas under the ground foundation of the substation through each foundation subsidence detection sensor 72, obtains the current foundation subsidence monitoring data values of different areas, and transmits the obtained current foundation subsidence monitoring data values of different areas to the data comparison module 50. The data comparison module 50 receives the current foundation subsidence monitoring data values sent by the foundation subsidence monitoring unit and compares the current foundation subsidence monitoring data values with the preset foundation subsidence warning threshold in the database module 10. If the current foundation subsidence monitoring data value of any area is greater than the preset foundation subsidence warning threshold, a third trigger signal corresponding to that area is generated, and the abnormal warning module 20 responds to the third trigger signal and issues a warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7, specifically, the foundation subsidence monitoring unit 71 is preferably an optical fiber grating demodulator, and the foundation subsidence detection sensor 72 is preferably an optical fiber grating strain sensor. The optical fiber grating strain sensors are evenly distributed in the soil under the substation ground foundation. The optical fiber grating strain sensors can be inserted obliquely into the ground by drilling. The insertion depth of the optical fiber grating strain sensors is determined according to the subsidence depth estimated from geological exploration data, generally 0.6 - 3 meters. The spacing of the optical fiber grating strain sensors depends on the subsidence risk level in the area. It can be 1 - 2 meters in high-risk areas and 3 - 5 meters in low-risk areas. As Figure 3 shown, the optical fiber grating strain sensors can also be buried parallel to the extension direction of the foundation under the foundation and divided into two to three layers at intervals from shallow to deep according to the preset depth. The interval depth between each layer of optical fiber grating strain sensors is preferably 0.6 - 1.5 meters, and the burial depth of the optical fiber grating strain sensor in the uppermost layer is preferably 1 - 1.5 meters from the ground surface. All the optical fiber grating strain sensors are electrically connected to the optical fiber grating demodulator respectively, and the optical fiber grating demodulator is electrically connected to the data comparison module 50 through the RS485 bus; the optical fiber grating demodulator monitors the subsidence of the soil in different areas under the substation ground foundation through each optical fiber grating strain sensor. The monitoring principle of ground subsidence using the optical fiber grating strain sensor is as follows: By burying the optical fiber grating strain sensor at a predetermined depth under the substation foundation soil, once the soil under the ground collapses, the soil deformation will cause the optical fiber grating strain sensor to strain. When the optical fiber grating strain sensor is subjected to axial strain, the wavelength of its reflected light will change. By detecting the wavelength change amount with the optical fiber grating demodulator, the strain value can be calculated, and thus an anomaly can be monitored. The optical fiber grating demodulator converts the strain value into a corresponding physical quantity value and transmits the converted physical quantity value to the data comparison module 50; the data comparison module 50 receives the physical quantity value data transmitted by the optical fiber grating demodulator and compares the received physical quantity value data with the preset foundation subsidence warning threshold in the database module 10. If the physical quantity value in any area is greater than the preset foundation subsidence warning threshold, a third trigger signal corresponding to that area is generated, and the anomaly warning module 20 responds to the third trigger signal and issues a warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4, Further, in another preferred embodiment, the system further includes an inclination data acquisition module 60, and a preset inclination angle threshold (F) is further stored in the database module 10; the inclination data acquisition module 60 is used to acquire the inclination angle value (E) of the surrounding walls of the substation, and send the acquired current inclination angle value (E) to the data comparison module 50; the data comparison module 50 receives the current inclination angle value (E) sent by the inclination data acquisition module, and compares the current inclination angle value (E) with the preset inclination angle threshold (F) in the database module 10. When the current inclination angle value (E) is greater than the preset inclination angle threshold (F), a fourth trigger signal is generated, and the abnormal warning module 20 responds to the fourth trigger signal to send a wall inclination warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0041] Specifically, the inclination data acquisition module 60 includes an inclination data acquisition unit 61 and at least two inclination sensors 62 (inclination transmitters). The inclination sensors 62 are distributed on the surrounding walls of the substation and are electrically connected to the inclination data acquisition unit 61. The inclination data acquisition unit 61 is an inclination data acquisition terminal, and is electrically connected to the data comparison module 50 through the RS485 bus. The inclination sensors 62 are used to monitor the inclination angles of the surrounding walls of the substation. The inclination data acquisition unit 61 respectively acquires the wall inclination angle values of the corresponding areas of the substation in real time or at regular intervals through each inclination sensor 62, and sends the currently acquired inclination data value (E) to the data comparison module 50; the data comparison module 50 receives the current inclination data value (E) sent by the inclination data acquisition unit 61, and compares the current inclination data value (E) with the preset inclination angle value (F) in the database module 10 in real time. When the current inclination data value (E)>inclination angle value (F), a fourth trigger signal is generated, and the abnormal warning module 20 responds to the fourth trigger signal to send a wall inclination warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0042] The warning level division of the monitoring and warning system: The first-level warning is an early warning, indicating that the soil humidity under the substation foundation is relatively large and the water level is relatively high, indicating that there may be risks of foundation collapse, hollowing or increased settlement of the substation foundation; the second-level warning and the third-level warning are medium-term warnings, indicating that there has been a phenomenon of foundation collapse and hollowing under the substation foundation, indicating that there are risks of foundation collapse and settlement in the substation foundation; the fourth-level warning is a late warning, indicating that the walls of the substation have uneven settlement or inclination.

[0043] The monitoring and early warning system also includes a remote data transmission module (4G / 5G). The humidity data acquisition unit 41, the pressure data acquisition unit 31, the tilt data acquisition unit 61, and the foundation collapse monitoring unit 71 are respectively communicatively connected to the remote data transmission module (4G / 5G) via the RS485 bus and are communicatively connected using the data comparison module 50 of the remote data transmission module (4G / 5G), enabling remote monitoring and early warning of the substation ground foundation.

[0044] The monitoring and early warning system also includes a solar power supply system. The solar power supply system is electrically connected to the humidity data acquisition unit 41, the pressure data acquisition unit 31, the tilt data acquisition unit 61, and the foundation collapse monitoring unit 71 for supplying power to the humidity data acquisition unit 41, the pressure data acquisition unit 31, the tilt data acquisition unit 61, the foundation collapse monitoring unit 71, etc.

[0045] The monitoring and early warning system can achieve information interaction with the monitoring center (such as the geological disaster monitoring and early warning system) or mobile terminals (PC, mobile phone APP) in the forms of OPC, database, etc., realizing smooth operation of the entire process from data collection to early warning push and emergency response, ensuring that operation and maintenance personnel can view monitoring data and receive early warning push notifications at any time on the PC side or mobile phone side. The content of the early warning push notification can include the specific substation location, abnormal area identification, and preliminary subsidence data of the collapse, facilitating operation and maintenance personnel to understand the key on-site information in the first time, rush to the scene for disposal in a timely manner, minimizing the damage of the collapse accident to substation equipment and ensuring the safety of the power grid power supply.

[0046] The data collection frequency of the monitoring and early warning system can be set according to weather and geological conditions. Under normal weather and stable geological conditions, the soil humidity data can be set to be collected once every 2 - 4 hours, and the data of the inclinometer 62 can be collected once every 6 - 12 hours. In case of abnormal situations such as heavy rain, earthquake, and surrounding construction, the monitoring frequency can be increased.

[0047] The monitoring and early warning system conducts real-time monitoring of the substation foundation from multiple dimensions such as soil humidity, foundation collapse, and settlement and inclination of the foundation wall, facilitating operation and maintenance personnel to accurately and timely master the situation of the substation ground foundation, discover potential collapse hazards in a timely manner, providing comprehensive data support for early detection and early intervention, and being able to give early warning reminders in time when the water level rises and collapse phenomena occur in the foundation, enabling operation and maintenance personnel to understand the key on-site information in the first time, rush to the scene for disposal in a timely manner, striving for precious time for subsequent processing, minimizing the damage of foundation collapse and settlement to substation equipment, ensuring the safe and stable operation of power grid equipment, and reducing the adverse impact on social production and life caused by power failures.

[0048] The above-disclosed is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Of course, the scope of the rights of the present invention cannot be limited by this. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand all or part of the processes of implementing the above embodiments, and the equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope covered by the invention.

Claims

1. A substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system, characterized in that: It includes a database module, an abnormal warning module, a humidity data acquisition module and a data comparison module; the database module stores a preset soil humidity threshold; the humidity data acquisition module is used to obtain the current humidity data value in the soil under the substation foundation, and send the acquired current humidity data value to the data comparison module; the data comparison module receives the current humidity data value sent by the humidity data acquisition module, and compares the current humidity data value with the soil humidity threshold preset in the database module. If the current humidity data value is greater than the preset soil humidity threshold, a first trigger signal is generated, and the abnormal warning module responds to the first trigger signal and sends a warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

2. The substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, wherein: The humidity data acquisition module includes a humidity data acquisition unit and a plurality of soil moisture sensors. The plurality of soil moisture sensors are pre-buried in the soil of different areas below the ground foundation of the substation and are electrically connected to the humidity data acquisition unit respectively. The humidity data acquisition unit acquires the humidity data value of the soil in each corresponding area below the ground foundation of the substation in real time or at a fixed time through each soil moisture sensor, and sends the acquired current humidity data value of each corresponding area to the data comparison module respectively. The data comparison module receives the current humidity data value of each corresponding area sent by the humidity data acquisition module in turn, and compares the current humidity data value of each corresponding area with the soil moisture threshold value preset in the database module in turn. When the current humidity data value of any area is greater than the preset soil moisture threshold value, a first trigger signal corresponding to the area is generated. The abnormal warning module responds to the first trigger signal and issues a warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

3. The substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a pressure test execution module; the database module also stores a preset foundation pressure threshold; the pressure test execution module includes a pressure data acquisition unit and a pressure test execution unit, the pressure test execution unit responds to a first trigger signal, and performs a boost test in the soil of the corresponding area below the foundation of the substation, the pressure data acquisition unit acquires the pressure data value of the boost test currently performed by the pressure test execution unit in the corresponding area, and sends the acquired current pressure data value of the corresponding area to the data comparison module, the data comparison module receives the current pressure data value of the corresponding area sent by the pressure data acquisition unit, and compares the current pressure data value of the corresponding area with the preset foundation pressure threshold in the database module, if the current pressure data value of the corresponding area is less than the preset foundation pressure threshold, a second trigger signal corresponding to the area is generated, the abnormal warning module responds to the second trigger signal, and issues a collapse warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

4. The substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure test execution unit includes an air booster pump, a plurality of air bags, conduits, and pressure sensors. The input end of each air bag is respectively connected to the output end of the air booster pump through a conduit. An air flow meter and a solenoid valve are respectively arranged on each conduit connecting the air bags. Each air bag is sequentially embedded in the soil under the ground foundation of the substation and is buried corresponding to the positions of the soil humidity sensors. A plurality of the pressure sensors are respectively arranged on each air bag or the conduits connecting the air bags and are respectively electrically connected to the pressure data acquisition unit. The air booster pump and the air flow meter respond to the first trigger signal and execute the delivery of a predetermined amount of inflation to the air bags in the corresponding area, and perform a pressure increase test in the soil in the corresponding area through the air bags. The pressure sensors are respectively used to detect the pressure data values of the air bags performing the pressure increase test. The pressure data acquisition unit acquires the pressure data values of the air bags performing the pressure increase test through the pressure sensors and sends the currently acquired pressure data values to the data comparison module.

5. The substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure test execution module further includes a trigger unit. The trigger unit regularly triggers the pressure test execution module to actively perform a pressure increase test on the soil in different areas under the substation foundation according to a preset time.

6. The substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system according to claim 5, wherein: The system further includes a foundation subsidence monitoring module. A preset foundation subsidence warning threshold is also stored in the database module. The foundation subsidence monitoring module includes a foundation subsidence monitoring unit and foundation subsidence detection sensors. The foundation subsidence detection sensors are distributed and buried in the soil in different areas under the ground foundation of the substation and are respectively electrically connected to the foundation subsidence monitoring unit. The foundation subsidence monitoring unit performs subsidence monitoring on the soil in different areas under the ground foundation of the substation through the foundation subsidence detection sensors, acquires the current foundation subsidence monitoring data values of different areas, and transmits the currently acquired foundation subsidence monitoring data values of different areas to the data comparison module. The data comparison module receives the current foundation subsidence monitoring data values sent by the foundation subsidence monitoring unit and compares the current foundation subsidence monitoring data values with the preset foundation subsidence warning threshold in the database module. When the current foundation subsidence monitoring data value of any area is greater than the preset foundation subsidence warning threshold, a third trigger signal corresponding to the area is generated. The abnormal warning module responds to the third trigger signal and issues a warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

7. The substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system according to claim 6, wherein: The system further includes an inclination data acquisition module. A preset inclination angle threshold is also stored in the database module. The inclination data acquisition module is used to acquire the inclination angle values of the surrounding walls of the substation and send the currently acquired inclination angle values to the data comparison module. The data comparison module receives the currently acquired inclination angle values sent by the inclination data acquisition module and compares the currently acquired inclination angle values with the preset inclination angle threshold in the database module. When the currently acquired inclination angle value is greater than the preset inclination angle threshold, a fourth trigger signal is generated. The abnormal warning module responds to the fourth trigger signal and issues a wall inclination warning prompt to the operation and maintenance personnel.

8. The substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The tilt data acquisition module includes a tilt data acquisition unit and at least two tilt sensors. The tilt sensors are distributed on the surrounding walls of the substation and are electrically connected to the tilt data acquisition unit. The tilt data acquisition unit is used to detect the tilt angle of the substation wall in the corresponding area. The tilt data acquisition unit respectively acquires the wall tilt angle values of each corresponding area of the substation in real time or at regular intervals through each tilt sensor, and sends the acquired current tilt angle value to the data comparison module; The data comparison module receives the current tilt angle value sent by the tilt data acquisition unit, and compares the current tilt angle value with the preset tilt angle threshold in the database module.

9. The substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The monitoring and warning system further includes a remote data transmission module. The humidity data acquisition unit, the pressure data acquisition unit, the tilt data acquisition unit, and the foundation subsidence monitoring unit are respectively electrically connected to the remote data transmission module, and communicate with the data comparison module through the remote data transmission module, so as to realize remote monitoring and warning of the substation ground foundation.

10. The substation ground foundation subsidence monitoring and early warning system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The monitoring and warning system further includes a solar power supply system. The solar power supply system is electrically connected to the humidity data acquisition unit, the pressure data acquisition unit, the tilt data acquisition unit, and the foundation subsidence monitoring unit, and is used to supply power to the humidity data acquisition unit, the pressure data acquisition unit, the tilt data acquisition unit, the foundation subsidence monitoring unit, etc.

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