Pitaya night light supplement light distribution optimization system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a pitaya night light supplement lamplight distribution optimization system and method. The system comprises a calculation and control device, an LED light supplement lamp, a display screen, a mobile terminal, a mechanical controller, a rotator and a height adjuster. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing an LED light-supplementing lamplight distribution model based on pitaya plant distribution characteristics, comprehensively considering factors of the light emitting direction, the illumination height and the light-emitting diffusion angle of an LED light-supplementing lamp, and optimizing the light distribution model to obtain an LED light-supplementing lamplight design scheme with the highest energy coverage rate; a user can manually adjust or remotely control the calculation and control system to carry out optimization calculation on the lighting effect, and drive the mechanical controller to adjust the position and the light emitting diffusion angle of the LED light supplementing lamp, so that the highest energy coverage rate of the LED light supplementing lamp to the pitaya plant in actual lighting is ensured; therefore, the invention provides an efficient and convenient illumination solution for dragon fruit planting, the energy consumption can be reduced, and the light supplementing efficiency and the planting benefit can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of pitaya planting equipment, and in particular relates to a system and method for optimizing the distribution of nighttime supplementary lighting for pitaya. Background Art

[0002] As an emerging tropical fruit, pitaya has been loved by more and more consumers in China in recent years due to its good taste and rich nutritional value. Light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth and development, and plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development, photosynthesis, material metabolism and gene expression. However, in the process of pitaya cultivation, night lighting technology faces some urgent problems that need to be solved. These problems not only affect the yield and quality of pitaya, but also limit the improvement of planting benefits.

[0003] At present, most of the LED lamps used for pitaya supplementary lighting are commercial multi-purpose LEDs, and common designs include disc-shaped, cylindrical and spherical shapes. The original intention of the design of these lamps was to meet a variety of lighting needs, rather than specifically for the special scene of pitaya planting. According to the Lambertian distribution characteristics of LED lamps, the light intensity of these lamps is strong in the middle and weak on both sides. This design has obvious defects in pitaya planting: a large amount of light energy is scattered in places where lighting is not required, such as the road surface and the sky, instead of being concentrated in the pitaya plant area, resulting in low light energy utilization and a lot of energy wasted. Secondly, the plants in the pitaya planting base are usually arranged in a long strip, with a road surface between the two rows of plants for the passage of personnel and equipment. Although this arrangement facilitates planting management, it also further reduces the utilization rate of light energy. When the supplementary lighting fixture is installed above the plant, the light not only shines on the plant, but also scatters a large amount of light on the road surface between the two rows of plants, and even beyond the plant area, further increasing the power consumption. This uneven distribution of light energy not only reduces the efficiency of supplementary lighting, but may also lead to uneven lighting between plants, affecting the growth consistency of pitaya. Thirdly, most of the existing supplementary lighting systems lack intelligent control and cannot automatically adjust the intensity and time of supplementary lighting according to the growth needs of pitaya and feedback from environmental conditions. Traditional supplementary lighting systems usually use fixed time or manual adjustment methods, which cannot accurately match the lighting needs of pitaya in different growth stages and different environmental conditions. This single supplementary lighting method not only wastes energy, but may also lead to unsatisfactory supplementary lighting effects, affecting the yield and quality of pitaya.

[0004] Although existing research and application attempts have been made to solve these problems, there are still obvious deficiencies in the prior art. For example, some research has proposed intelligent supplementary lighting regulators, which can achieve a certain degree of intelligent supplementary lighting. However, most of these systems rely on on-site manual management and lack autonomous adjustment of light distribution according to the growth conditions of crops. In addition, these systems still face problems such as low light energy utilization rate and high power consumption in actual applications, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale pitaya planting bases. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes an optimized system and method for the light distribution of pitaya night supplementary lighting; the invention constructs an LED supplementary lighting light distribution calculation model according to the distribution of pitaya plants, comprehensively considers factors such as the light output direction, illumination height, and light emission diffusion angle of the LED supplementary lighting lamp, and obtains the LED supplementary lighting lamp design scheme with the highest energy coverage rate by optimizing the light distribution model. In addition, the present invention can manually adjust or remotely control the calculation and control system to optimize the calculation of the lighting effect, and drive the mechanical control system to adjust the position and light emission diffusion angle of the LED supplementary lighting lamp, etc., to ensure that the energy coverage rate of the LED supplementary lighting lamp for pitaya plants in actual lighting is the highest, reducing the light energy required for pitaya supplementary lighting, and also providing an efficient and convenient lighting solution for smart agriculture, significantly improving the supplementary lighting efficiency and planting benefits.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the technical solutions provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0007] An embodiment of the present invention provides an optimized system for the light distribution of pitaya night supplementary lighting, including a mechanical rod (9) located between two rows of pitaya plants (20). The mechanical rod (9) is sequentially connected with a mechanical controller (5), a light detector (8), a height regulator (6), a rotator (7), and an LED supplementary lighting lamp (1) from bottom to top. The light detector (8) is located at the middle position of the height of the pitaya plants (20). The LED supplementary lighting lamp (1) is installed at the top of the mechanical rod (9). The LED supplementary lighting lamp (1) is connected with a display screen (2) and a mobile terminal (3) through an information interaction method. The display screen (2) is electrically connected with a calculation and controller (4), and the calculation and controller (4) is electrically connected with the mechanical controller (5);

[0008] The LED fill light (1) is used to transmit lighting-related data of luminous intensity and luminous diffusion angle to the calculation and controller (4), and the calculation and controller (4) is used to feed back the parameters of the driving current to the LED fill light (1) to achieve accurate control of the luminous parameters of the LED fill light (1); the relevant parameters of the pitaya planting site are input through the display screen (2) and the mobile terminal (3) to find the collection parameter characteristics of the pitaya plant spacing, plant height, and road width; the calculation and controller (4) performs optimization calculation of the light distribution of the pitaya LED fill light (1) based on the collection parameter characteristics, and obtains the light intensity, luminous diffusion angle, luminous direction, lighting height, light intensity, and light diffusion angle. The optimized parameters of the energy coverage rate are displayed to the user through a display screen (2); the calculation and controller (4) is used to convert the optimized parameters into direct adjustment parameters of the LED fill light (1) driving current, the LED fill light (1) rotation angle, the mechanical rod (9) rotation angle, and the mechanical rod (9) height; the calculation and controller (4) is used to transmit the direct adjustment parameters to the LED fill light (1) to drive the LED fill light (1) to emit light; at the same time, it is used to transmit the direct adjustment parameters to the mechanical controller (5), and the mechanical controller (5) drives the rotator (7) and the height adjuster (8) to make corresponding position adjustments, so as to improve the nighttime fill light efficiency and planting benefits of pitaya.

[0009] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LED fill light (1) comprises an LED lampshade (11), the top of the LED lampshade (11) is equipped with an LED controller (10), the bottom of the LED lampshade (11) is equipped with a first LED light-emitting chip (12) and a second LED light-emitting chip (16), the bases of the first LED light-emitting chip (12) and the second LED light-emitting chip (16) are equipped with a first control knob (13) and a second control knob (17), the bottoms of the first control knob (13) and the second control knob (17) are equipped with a first reflective cup (14) and a second reflective cup (18), the end surfaces of the first reflective cup (14) and the second reflective cup (18) are equipped with a first light-emitting hole (15) and a second light-emitting hole (19), respectively; the LED controller (10) is equipped with a wireless data transceiver module and an LED chip driver module, which are used to remotely transmit and receive control information and adjust the light intensity of the first LED light-emitting chip (12) and the second LED light-emitting chip (16).

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the emission wavelength ranges of the first LED light-emitting chip (12) and the second LED light-emitting chip (16) are selected within the visible light range. For the wavelength range combinations commonly used in pitaya cultivation, the emission color adopts a combination of red and yellow light or a combination of red and green light. The combination of the emission wavelength ranges is used to meet the requirements of pitaya for specific spectra at different growth stages, thereby improving the light supplement effect and plant growth efficiency; the total emission power of the first LED light-emitting chip (12) and the second LED light-emitting chip (16) is 15 to 18 watts, which is set within the power range commonly used for pitaya night-time light supplement.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LED lamp cover (12), the first reflector cup (14), and the second reflector cup (18) are all made of lightweight materials such as polycarbonate, acrylic, or aluminum.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rotator (7) is selected from a servo motor, a stepper motor, or a servo actuator, which is an actuator for realizing rotational motion, and can accurately adjust the rotation angle according to the control signal of the system to adapt to different application requirements; the height adjuster (8) is selected from a stepper motor, a DC motor, or a solenoid valve, which is an actuator for realizing position adjustment, and can accurately adjust the position according to the control signal of the system to meet different height adjustment requirements.

[0013] The present invention provides a method for optimizing the light distribution of pitaya night-time light supplement, which is implemented by using a system for optimizing the light distribution of pitaya night-time light supplement as described in the above embodiments. It is characterized by including the following steps:

[0014] Step 1, the user inputs the acquisition parameters of the pitaya cultivation site through the method of remote control by a mobile terminal or manual operation of a display screen. The acquisition parameters include plant spacing, plant height, and road surface width.

[0015] Step 2, the calculation and controller receives the user input parameters, and performs light distribution optimization calculation according to the built-in light supplement optimization algorithm for the light output characteristics of the LED light supplement lamp to obtain the optimized parameters. The optimized parameters include light intensity, light emission angle, emission direction, illumination height, total light energy coverage rate, and effective light energy coverage rate.

[0016] Step 3, the calculation and controller transmits the optimized parameters to the display screen or the mobile terminal for visual display; the user judges whether to accept the current optimization configuration based on the display result: if the user is satisfied with the optimization result and confirms it, the system enters the execution stage; if the user is not satisfied with the optimization result, return to Step 2 to adjust the input parameters or optimization conditions and re-perform the optimization calculation.

[0017] Step 4, the calculation and control unit calculates the control parameters required for the mechanical controller according to the optimized parameters. The control parameters include the driving current of the LED supplementary light, the rotation angle of the mechanical rod, the height of the mechanical rod, and the rotation angle of the control knob.

[0018] Step 5, the calculation and control unit transmits the driving current of the LED supplementary light for the pitaya and the rotation angle of the control knob to the LED chip to drive the LED chip to emit light and adjust the position. At the same time, it transmits the parameters of the driving current, the rotation angle of the mechanical rod, and the height of the mechanical rod to the mechanical controller to drive the mechanical controller to adjust the rotator and the height regulator.

[0019] Step 6, use the LED supplementary light to illuminate the pitaya plants, and use a light detector to test the actual light emission parameters of the pitaya LED supplementary light.

[0020] Step 7, the light detector transmits the collected actual parameters to the calculation and control unit, and the calculation and control unit corrects the tested actual lighting parameters to obtain the corrected lighting parameters.

[0021] Step 8, the calculation and control unit compares the corrected lighting parameters with the target lighting parameters to obtain the accuracy rate of the optimized light distribution of the pitaya night supplementary light, and displays the result on the display screen.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 2 specifically includes: the user inputs the parameters of the pitaya planting site. The plant spacing D, plant height H, and road surface width L in the parameters are used as initial conditions. Set the initial light intensity I0 of one of the LED chips of the LED supplementary light to emit Lambert distribution. There is a functional relationship between the illumination curved surface area S irradiated by the LED supplementary light on the pitaya plants and the corresponding light transmission distance r, that is: S = f(r); the luminous intensity I(θ) of the LED supplementary light (1) changes with the cosine value of the luminous diffusion angle θ, that is: I(θ) = I0cos(θ); according to the functional relationship between the curved surface area S and the distance r, S = f(r), then the total light intensity I of the LED supplementary light (1) reaching the surface of the pitaya plants total can be expressed in an integral form as:

[0023]

[0024] where φ is the angle between the normal of the curved surface area S and the position of the LED supplementary light; substituting I(θ) = I0cos(θ), this formula can be rewritten as:

[0025]

[0026] Since S = f(r), express dS as dS = g(r)dr, where g(r) is the derivative of f(r); therefore, the above formula can be further expressed as:

[0027]

[0028] where r min and r max are the maximum and minimum critical values of r, which can be calculated based on values such as the plant spacing D, plant height H, road surface width L, etc.;

[0029] When optimizing the light distribution of the pitaya LED supplementary light, two important parameters are considered in the calculation: the total light energy coverage rate η and the effective light energy coverage rate ε; among them, the total light energy coverage rate η represents the ratio of the total light intensity covering the surface of the pitaya plants to the emitted light intensity; the total light energy coverage rate η can be calculated as:

[0030]

[0031] The effective light energy coverage rate ε represents the ratio of the total light intensity that can be absorbed by the pitaya to the total light intensity covering the surface of the pitaya plants (20); the effective light energy coverage rate ε is calculated as:

[0032]

[0033] where I absorb represents the total light intensity that can be absorbed by the pitaya plant leaves per unit time; setting the upper limit of the total light intensity that can be absorbed per unit area and per unit time by the pitaya plant leaves as Im, then dI absorb = ImdS; Im can be obtained through biological experiment evaluation; then formula (5) can be expressed as:

[0034]

[0035] In the optimization calculation of the light distribution, considering that the optimization ratios of the total light energy coverage rate η and the effective light energy coverage rate ε in the optimization process are m:n, where m + n = 1; then the total target parameter ρ to be optimized in the light distribution optimization calculation is:

[0036] ρ = m%η + n%ε (7);

[0037] Therefore, the parameters of the light emission diffusion angle θ and the distance r from the LED supplementary light to the plant surface corresponding to the maximum value of the total parameter ρ in the optimization process are the optimized results; the above optimized results are the optimal position parameters for the LED supplementary light to irradiate the pitaya plants under the conditions of the rated light intensity, light emission direction, plant spacing D, plant height H, and road surface width L.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 4 specifically includes: The calculation and controller calculates the height L2 of the mechanical rod according to the parameters of the plant spacing D, plant height H, and road surface width L set in step 2; Assuming that the LED supplementary light is located above the exact middle of two pitaya plants, after the optimization program in step 2, the height L1 from the LED supplementary light to the top of the plant obtained by calculating the distance r between the LED supplementary light and the curved surface S, then the required mechanical rod height L2 of the LED supplementary light = L1 + H; Taking the ground position of the pitaya plant on the left side of the LED supplementary light as the origin, the ground position coordinates of the mechanical rod can be calculated as (D / 2, 0); The spatial position coordinates of the LED supplementary light can be calculated as (D / 2, L1 + H); Assuming that the LED supplementary light is located above the exact middle of two pitaya plants on both sides of the road surface, the optimized height L3 from the LED supplementary light to the top of the plant obtained in step 2, then the required mechanical rod height L2 of the LED supplementary light = L3 + H; Taking the ground position of the pitaya plant on the left side of the LED supplementary light as the origin, the ground position coordinates of the mechanical rod can be calculated as (L / 2, 0); The spatial position coordinates of the LED supplementary light can be calculated as (L / 2, L3 + H);

[0039] The calculation and controller calculates the control knob rotation angle S1 according to the light emission diffusion angle θ of the LED supplementary light in step 2; Assuming that there is a correlation between the control knob rotation angle S1 and the light emission diffusion angle θ, then this correlation is expressed by the functional relationship S1 = F(θ); A series of discrete points (S1i, θi) are obtained through experimental measurement, where i represents the number of a certain discrete point; These discrete points can be obtained by linear or non-linear fitting methods to obtain the specific expression of the function S1 = F(θ) with the minimum error; This expression is stored in the calculation and controller so as to quickly calculate the corresponding control knob rotation angle S1 under different light emission diffusion angle θ conditions.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 6 specifically includes: The light detector is fixed on the mechanical rod for position adjustment in the vertical direction; This adjustment can be achieved by sliding or other mechanical means to ensure that the light detector can be flexibly adjusted and collect the light emitted by the LED supplementary light; In this way, the light detector can measure the light intensity and other parameters at different vertical positions; When using the LED supplementary light to illuminate the pitaya plants, the light detector can move to different positions to capture the actual light emission parameters of the LED supplementary light at different positions; These parameters include but are not limited to light intensity, spectral distribution, and beam divergence angle; By measuring at multiple positions, the performance and effect of the LED supplementary light can be evaluated more accurately; The measured light emission parameters are recorded by the light detector in the form of an array and transmitted to the calculation and controller for further analysis and processing;

[0041] Let the position of the light detector on the mechanical rod be z. When using the LED supplementary light to illuminate the pitaya plants, the light detector selects different positions zi each time to measure the actual light emission parameters, where i represents the number of a certain position z; the light intensity measured by the light detector at the position zi can be expressed as {I(z1), I(z2), …, I(zn)}, where n represents the total number of all measured discrete light intensities; these measurement data are recorded in the form of an array, which can be expressed as: I = [I(z1), I(z2), …, I(zn)], where I is an n-dimensional array that records the light intensity values at different positions zi;

[0042] Step 7 specifically includes: calculating and correcting the actual light emission parameters measured by the controller for the light detector at different positions zi to obtain the corrected light intensity IC = [IC(z1), IC(z2), …, IC(zn)]. The difference between the corrected light intensity IC array and the uncorrected light intensity I array is: the corrected light intensity IC array is the light intensity distribution when the light intensity I0 is a certain fixed standard value.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 8 specifically includes: calculating and comparing the parameters of the corrected light intensity IC = [IC(z1), IC(z2), …, IC(zn)] and the standard light intensity IS = [IS(z1), IS(z2), …, IS(zn)] array when the light intensity is I0 by the controller to adjust the accuracy rate γ of the light distribution; the calculation steps of the accuracy rate γ are as follows: First, calculate the difference between the standard light intensity and the measured light intensity at each light detector position zi, ΔI(zi) = IS(zi) - IC(zi); Second, calculate the root mean square error of the entire array:

[0044]

[0045] Finally, the accuracy rate γ is expressed as:

[0046]

[0047] where Max(IS) is the maximum value in the standard light intensity array, which is used to normalize RMSE to ensure that the accuracy rate γ is between 0 and 1;

[0048]

[0049] The calculated accuracy rate γ will be displayed on the display screen for the user to view; if the accuracy rate does not meet the expected standard, the user can further adjust the system settings and re-perform the optimization calculation and test until a satisfactory supplementary light effect is achieved.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for optimizing the light distribution of pitaya night supplementary light, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0051] (1) Through optimization of calculations and automatic adjustment, the present invention can ensure the maximization of the energy coverage rate of the LED supplementary lighting, enabling more light energy to be effectively utilized, reducing the waste of light energy, and significantly improving the supplementary lighting efficiency. Compared with traditional supplementary lighting systems, the present invention can more precisely concentrate the light energy on the pitaya plants, avoiding the scattering of light energy to non-target areas and improving the overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0052] (2) The present invention can comprehensively consider factors such as the light-emitting direction, installation height, and light-emitting diffusion angle of the supplementary lights according to the specific distribution of pitaya plants, and perform precise optimization of light distribution. Through precise light distribution design, the system can perform personalized adjustments according to the lighting requirements of different plants, thereby achieving the best supplementary lighting effect.

[0053] (3) With the aid of the remote control system in the present invention, users can optimize the calculation and adjustment of the supplementary lighting scheme at any time and place through a mobile terminal or a display screen. This remote control function not only improves the convenience of operation but also reduces the round-trip time of users at the planting site.

[0054] (4) The present invention combines software and hardware designs, can adapt to different planting environments and conditions, and has wide applicability. Whether it is a small family plantation or a large commercial planting base, the present invention can provide effective supplementary lighting solutions. The flexibility and scalability of the system enable it to be adjusted according to the planting scale and conditions to meet the needs of different users.

[0055] (5) The present invention provides an accurate evaluation of the supplementary lighting effect by collecting and analyzing actual light-emitting parameters. These data help users understand the current supplementary lighting status of the plants and also provide support for users to make more scientific decisions. Description of the Drawings

[0056] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0057] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for optimizing the light distribution of pitaya night supplementary lighting provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0058] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a system for optimizing the light distribution of pitaya night supplementary lighting provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the LED supplementary light structure in an optimized system for the light distribution of pitaya during night-time supplementary lighting provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the collaborative operation of each functional module in an optimized system for the light distribution of pitaya during night-time supplementary lighting provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the relative positions of the LED supplementary lights of Scheme 1 provided by an embodiment of the present application with respect to the pitaya plants.

[0062] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the relative positions of the LED supplementary lights of Scheme 2 provided by an embodiment of the present application with respect to the pitaya plants.

[0063] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the relative positions of the LED supplementary lights of Scheme 3 provided by an embodiment of the present application with respect to the pitaya plants.

[0064] Figure 8 Variation of the total light energy coverage rate of Schemes 1, 2, and 3 provided by an embodiment of the present application with the lighting height of the LED supplementary lights.

[0065] Figure 9 Variation of the effective light energy coverage rate of Schemes 1, 2, and 3 provided by an embodiment of the present application with the lighting height of the LED supplementary lights.

[0066] Figure 10 Variation of the total light energy coverage rate and the effective light energy coverage rate of Scheme 3 provided by an embodiment of the present application with the light emitting direction.

[0067] Figure 11 Variation of the total light energy coverage rate and the effective light energy coverage rate of Scheme 3 provided by an embodiment of the present application with the lighting height. Detailed implementation manners

[0068] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0069] As Figure 2As shown in the figure, an optimized system for the light distribution of pitaya night supplementary lighting provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes an LED supplementary light 1, a display screen 2, a mobile terminal 3, a calculation and controller 4, a mechanical controller 5, a height regulator 6, a rotator 7, a light detector 8, a mechanical rod 9, and a remote controller 21. The mechanical rod 9 is located between two rows of pitaya plants 20. The mechanical rod 9 is sequentially connected with a mechanical controller 5, a light detector 8, a height regulator 6, a rotator 7, and an LED supplementary light 1 from bottom to top, so that the mechanical controller 5 can control the above functional components. The light detector 8 is located at the middle position of the height of the pitaya plants 20, and the LED supplementary light 1 is installed at the top of the mechanical rod 9. The LED supplementary light 1 is connected with the display screen 2 and the mobile terminal 3 through an information interaction method. The display screen 2 is electrically connected with the calculation and controller 4, and the calculation and controller 4 is electrically connected with the mechanical controller 5. The remote controller 21 is electrically connected with the LED supplementary light 1, the display screen 2, and the mobile terminal 3.

[0070] The LED supplementary light 1 is used to transmit the lighting-related data of the luminous intensity and the luminous diffusion angle to the calculation and controller 4. At the same time, the calculation and controller 4 is used to feedback the parameters of the driving current to the LED supplementary light 1 to achieve precise control of the luminous parameters of the LED supplementary light 1. When the user uses the system, the user can either manually input the relevant parameters of the pitaya planting site, such as the plant spacing, plant height, road surface width, etc. through the display screen 2, or input the parameters from the mobile terminal 3 through a remote connection method. Regardless of the method used, the input parameters will be transmitted to the calculation and controller 4.

[0071] The relevant parameters of the pitaya planting site are input through the display screen 2 and the mobile terminal 3 to find the collection parameter characteristics of the pitaya plant spacing, plant height, and road surface width; the calculation and controller 4 performs an optimized calculation of the light distribution of the pitaya supplementary light LED lamp based on the collection parameter characteristics, and obtains the optimized parameters including the light intensity, luminous diffusion angle, luminous direction, lighting height, and light energy coverage rate. The optimized parameters are displayed to the user through the display screen 2; the calculation and controller 4 is used to convert the optimized parameters into the direct adjustment parameters of the driving current of the LED supplementary light 1, the rotation angle of the LED supplementary light 1, the rotation angle of the mechanical rod 9, and the height of the mechanical rod 9. The calculation and controller 4 is used to transmit the direct adjustment parameters to the LED supplementary light 1 to drive the LED supplementary light 1 to emit light; at the same time, it is used to transmit the direct adjustment parameters to the mechanical controller 5, and the mechanical controller 5 drives the rotator 7 and the height regulator 8 to perform corresponding position adjustments to improve the efficiency of pitaya night supplementary lighting and planting benefits.

[0072] The rotator 7 selects a servo motor, a stepper motor or a servo, which is an actuator for realizing rotational motion, and precisely adjusts the rotation angle according to the control signal of the system to meet different application requirements. The height adjuster 8 selects a stepper motor, a DC motor or a solenoid valve, which is an actuator for realizing position adjustment, and precisely adjusts the position according to the control signal of the system to meet different height adjustment requirements.

[0073] As Figure 3 shown, the LED fill light 1 includes an LED controller 10, an LED lamp cover 11, a first LED light-emitting chip 12, a first control knob 13, a first reflector 14, a first light-emitting hole 15, a second LED light-emitting chip 16, a second control knob 17, a second reflector 18 and a second light-emitting hole 19. The LED lamp cover 11 is used to protect the internal structure of the LED fill light 1. The LED controller 10 is installed on the top of the LED lamp cover 11, and the first LED light-emitting chip 12 and the second LED light-emitting chip 16 are respectively installed on both sides of the bottom of the LED lamp cover 11. The bases of the first LED light-emitting chip 12 and the second LED light-emitting chip 16 are respectively installed with the first control knob 13 and the second control knob 17. The bottoms of the first control knob 13 and the second control knob 17 are respectively installed with the first reflector 14 and the second reflector 18. The end faces of the first reflector 14 and the second reflector 18 are respectively provided with the first light-emitting hole 15 and the second light-emitting hole 19.

[0074] The LED controller 10 is built-in with a wireless data transceiver module and an LED chip driving module, which are used for remotely receiving and transmitting control information and respectively adjusting the light-emitting intensities of the first LED light-emitting chip 12 and the second LED light-emitting chip 16.

[0075] The first control knob 13 is connected to the base of the first LED light-emitting chip 12 to control the position where the first LED light-emitting chip 12 moves. Therefore, under the mechanical adjustment of the first control knob 13, the position of the first LED light-emitting chip 12 in the first reflecting cup 14 is variable, thereby achieving the effect of adjusting the light-emitting diffusion angle. In addition to manual adjustment, the LED controller 10 can directly adjust the first control knob 13 by means of electric adjustment to change the position of the first LED light-emitting chip 12 in the first reflecting cup 14, so as to achieve the effect of adjusting the light-emitting diffusion angle. The light emitted by the first LED light-emitting chip 12 exits from the first light-emitting hole 15. Similarly, the second control knob 17 is connected to the base of the second LED light-emitting chip 16 to control the position where the second LED light-emitting chip 216 moves. Therefore, under the mechanical adjustment of the second control knob 17, the position of the second LED light-emitting chip 16 in the reflecting cup is variable, thereby achieving the effect of adjusting the light-emitting diffusion angle. In addition to manual adjustment, the LED controller 10 can directly adjust the second control knob 17 by means of electric adjustment to change the position of the second LED light-emitting chip 16 in the second reflecting cup 18, so as to achieve the effect of adjusting the light-emitting diffusion angle. The light emitted by the second LED light-emitting chip 16 exits from the second light-emitting hole 19.

[0076] In addition to the drive current, the LED controller 10 can also use common methods such as pulse frequency adjustment, duty cycle adjustment, voltage adjustment, etc. to adjust the light-emitting intensity of the first LED light-emitting chip 12 and the second LED light-emitting chip 16.

[0077] The light-emitting wavelength ranges of the first LED light-emitting chip 12 and the second LED light-emitting chip 16 are selected within the visible light range. For the wavelength range combinations commonly used in pitaya cultivation, the light-emitting colors are in the form of red-yellow light combination or red-green light combination. The combination of the light-emitting wavelength ranges is used to meet the requirements of pitaya for specific spectra at different growth stages, thereby improving the light supplement effect and plant growth efficiency. The total light-emitting power of the first LED light-emitting chip 12 and the second LED light-emitting chip 16 is 15 to 18 watts, which is set as the common power range for pitaya night light supplement. In other embodiments, no specific limitation is made, and other wattage values can also be used.

[0078] The first LED light-emitting chip 12 and the second LED light-emitting chip 16 can flexibly select a combination of multiple commercially available LED chips of different colors according to the spectral requirements of pitaya light supplement. In addition, a combination of blue LED and materials such as phosphor and quantum dot can also be used to achieve a specific spectral output and meet the lighting requirements of pitaya growth.

[0079] The LED lamp shade 12, the first reflector cup 14, and the second reflector cup 18 are made of lightweight materials such as carbonate polyester, acrylic, or aluminum. These materials are selected because they are lightweight, durable, and cost-effective. The aluminum metal material has excellent heat dissipation performance and relatively high structural strength.

[0080] The aperture sizes of the first light-emitting hole 15 and the second light-emitting hole 19 need to be designed by comprehensively considering the lighting effect. If the aperture is too small, it will cause excessive light energy aggregation, forming light spots, which may cause light damage to the plants; while if the aperture is too large, it will cause excessive light energy dispersion, reducing the lighting efficiency. Therefore, the aperture size of the light-emitting hole should be optimized according to the planting spacing of the pitaya plants, and it can be selected within the range of the beam divergence angle from 45 degrees to 90 degrees to ensure uniform distribution of light energy and meet the lighting requirements of the plants.

[0081] In the process of optimizing the light distribution, common optimization algorithms such as simulated annealing algorithm, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization can be selected to optimize the light distribution.

[0082] As Figure 4 shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a schematic diagram of the collaborative work of the functional modules of a light distribution optimization system for pitaya night light supplementation. By intelligently controlling the spatial distribution of the LED supplementary lights, efficient light supplementation is achieved. The system includes a calculation and controller, LED supplementary lights, a display screen, a mobile terminal, a mechanical controller, a rotator, and a height regulator. The calculation and controller is the center of the system, undertaking the functions of generating control instructions and collecting, processing, and comprehensively judging data. The calculation and controller respectively establishes two-way communication connections with the LED supplementary lights, the display screen, and the mobile terminal, can obtain feedback data in real time, and perform lighting optimization calculations according to the optimization algorithm. The calculation and controller can send the calculation results or control instructions to the relevant modules to realize the turning on, turning off, and light intensity adjustment of the LED supplementary lights. The display screen can display the current specific parameters in real time, including the light supplementation status, the progress of parameter adjustment, and the system operation status. The mobile terminal realizes the remote control function through intelligent terminals (such as mobile phones or tablets), operates on the system, and completes remote control and status monitoring. The calculation and controller sends the control commands to the mechanical controller through a simplex communication method. The mechanical controller, as the core of the execution layer, further drives two key physical execution components: the rotator and the height regulator. The rotator is used to adjust the horizontal angle distribution of the LED lights to meet the lighting requirements of different spatial regions; the height regulator changes the installation height of the supplementary lights through vertical displacement, so as to realize the optimal distribution of light intensity in the vertical direction. The system of the present invention supports on-site manual operation of light adjustment, and at the same time has the capabilities of remote control and automatic optimization, realizing the energy efficiency improvement and intelligentization of pitaya night light supplementation.

[0083] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an optimization method for the light distribution of pitaya night supplementary lighting, which is implemented by using an optimization system for the light distribution of pitaya night supplementary lighting as described in the above embodiment, and includes the following steps:

[0084] Step 1, the user inputs the acquisition parameters of the pitaya planting site through the method of remote control by a mobile terminal or manual operation of the display screen. The acquisition parameters include plant spacing, plant height, and road surface width.

[0085] Step 2, the calculation and controller receives the user input parameters, and according to the built-in supplementary lighting optimization algorithm, performs light distribution optimization calculation for the light output characteristics of the LED supplementary lights to obtain the optimized parameters. The optimized parameters include light intensity, light emission angle, light emission direction, illumination height, total light energy coverage rate, and effective light energy coverage rate.

[0086] Step 3, the calculation and controller transmits the optimized parameters to the display screen or the mobile terminal for visual display; the user judges whether to accept the current optimization configuration based on the display result: if the user is satisfied with the optimization result and confirms it, the system enters the execution stage; if the user is not satisfied with the optimization result, return to Step 2, adjust the input parameters or optimization conditions, and re-perform the optimization calculation.

[0087] Step 4, the calculation and controller calculates the control parameters required by the mechanical controller according to the optimized parameters. The control parameters include the drive current of the LED supplementary lights, the rotation angle of the mechanical rod, the height of the mechanical rod, and the rotation angle of the control knob.

[0088] Step 5, the calculation and controller transmits the drive current of the LED supplementary lights of the pitaya and the rotation angle of the control knob to the LED chip to drive the LED chip to emit light and adjust the position. At the same time, it transmits the parameters of the drive current, the rotation angle of the mechanical rod, and the height of the mechanical rod to the mechanical controller to drive the mechanical controller to adjust the rotator and the height regulator.

[0089] Step 6, use the LED supplementary lights to illuminate the pitaya plants, and use a light detector to test the actual light emission parameters of the pitaya LED supplementary lights.

[0090] Step 7, the light detector transmits the collected actual parameters to the calculation and controller, and the calculation and controller corrects the tested actual lighting parameters to obtain the corrected lighting parameters.

[0091] Step 8, the calculation and controller compares the corrected lighting parameters with the target lighting parameters to obtain the accuracy rate of the optimization of the light distribution of pitaya night supplementary lighting, and displays the result on the display screen to provide an intuitive feedback to the user.

[0092] Step 2 specifically includes: The user inputs the parameters of the pitaya planting site. The plant spacing D, plant height H, and road surface width L in the parameters are used as initial conditions. Set the initial light intensity I0 of one of the LED chips of the LED supplementary light to emit Lambertian distribution. There is a functional relationship between the illumination curved surface area S of the LED supplementary light irradiated on the pitaya plants and the corresponding light transmission distance r, that is: S = f(r). The luminous intensity I(θ) of the LED supplementary light changes with the cosine value of the luminous diffusion angle θ, that is: I(θ) = I0cos(θ); According to the functional relationship S = f(r) between the curved surface area S and the distance r, the total light intensity Itotal of the LED supplementary light (1) reaching the surface of the pitaya plants can be expressed in integral form as:

[0093]

[0094] where φ is the angle between the normal of the curved surface area S and the position of the LED supplementary light. Substituting I(θ) = I0cos(θ), this formula can be rewritten as:

[0095]

[0096] Since S = f(r), dS can be expressed as dS = g(r)dr, where g(r) is the derivative of f(r). Therefore, the above formula can be further expressed as:

[0097]

[0098] where r min and r max are the maximum and minimum critical values of r, which can be calculated through values such as the plant spacing D, plant height H, and road surface width L;

[0099] When optimizing the light distribution of the pitaya LED supplementary light, two important parameters are considered in the calculation: the total light energy coverage rate η and the effective light energy coverage rate ε; among them, the total light energy coverage rate η can be expressed as the ratio of the total light intensity covering the surface of the pitaya plants to the emitted light intensity; the total light energy coverage rate η can be calculated as:

[0100]

[0101] The effective light energy coverage rate ε is expressed as the ratio of the total light intensity that can be absorbed by the pitaya to the total light intensity covering the surface of the pitaya plants (20); the effective light energy coverage rate ε is calculated as:

[0102]

[0103] where I absorbrepresents the total light intensity that can be absorbed by the leaves of the pitaya plant per unit time; set the upper limit of the total light intensity that can be absorbed per unit area and per unit time by the leaves of the pitaya plant as Im, then dI absorb = ImdS. Im can be obtained through biological experiments; then formula (5) can be expressed as:

[0104]

[0105] In the optimization calculation of light distribution, considering the optimization ratios of the total light energy coverage rate η and the effective light energy coverage rate ε in the optimization process as m:n, where m + n = 1. Then the total target parameter ρ in the light distribution optimization calculation is:

[0106] ρ = m%η + n%ε (7);

[0107] Therefore, the parameters such as the light emission diffusion angle θ and the distance r from the LED supplementary light to the plant surface corresponding to the maximum value of the total parameter ρ in the optimization process are the optimization results; the above optimization results are the optimal position parameters for the LED supplementary light to irradiate the pitaya plant under conditions such as the rated light intensity, light emission direction, plant spacing D, plant height H, and road surface width L; if further optimization is required, the light emission conditions of the LED supplementary light such as the light intensity and light emission direction can be changed for multiple optimization calculations; according to different optimization scenarios, the initial conditions such as the light intensity, light emission direction, plant spacing D, plant height H, and road surface width L can be changed for calculation.

[0108] Step 4 specifically includes: calculating and the controller calculates the driving current A of the LED supplementary light according to the light intensity I0 set in Step 2; according to the relationship between the radiation power Φ and the electric power P of the LED supplementary light, Φ = P×α%, where α% is the ratio of the electric power P converted into the radiation power Φ, and this parameter is related to the inherent properties of the LED supplementary light and can be obtained through measurement; the relationship between the light intensity I0 and the radiation power Φ The relationship between the electric power P and the driving current A is P = A2R, where R is the resistance of the LED supplementary light; therefore, under the condition of the target light intensity I0 of the LED supplementary light, its driving current A can be jointly calculated according to the above formula; the calculation result can be transmitted to the mechanical controller through the calculation and the controller. In addition to adjusting the driving current A of the LED supplementary light, Step 4 can also adjust the light intensity of the LED supplementary light by commonly used methods such as pulse frequency adjustment, duty cycle adjustment, and voltage adjustment.

[0109] Step 4 specifically includes: calculating by the controller to determine the rotation angle of the mechanical rod according to the light-emitting direction set by the LED supplementary light in Step 2; assuming that the light-emitting direction set by the LED supplementary light in Step 2 is parallel to the arrangement direction of the pitaya planting plants, the rotation angle of the mechanical rod is specified as 0°. If the light-emitting direction set by the LED supplementary light is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the pitaya planting plants, the rotation angle of the mechanical rod is specified as 90°. If the lighting device is moved to other scenarios for crop planting, the rotation angle of the mechanical rod can be adjusted according to the lighting requirements.

[0110] Step 4 specifically includes: calculating by the controller to calculate the height L2 of the mechanical rod according to the parameters such as the plant spacing D, plant height H, and road surface width L set in Step 2. Assuming that the LED supplementary light is above the middle of two pitaya plants, after the optimization program in Step 2, the height L1 from the LED supplementary light to the top of the plant obtained by calculating the distance r between the LED supplementary light and the curved surface S, then the required height L2 of the mechanical rod for the LED supplementary light = L1 + H. Taking the ground position of the pitaya plant on the left side of the LED supplementary light as the origin, the ground position coordinates of the mechanical rod can be calculated as (D / 2, 0); the spatial position coordinates of the LED supplementary light can be calculated as (D / 2, L1 + H). Assuming that the LED supplementary light is above the middle of two pitaya plants on both sides of the road surface, the height L3 from the optimized LED supplementary light to the top of the plant obtained in Step 2, then the required height L2 of the mechanical rod for the LED supplementary light = L3 + H. Taking the ground position of the pitaya plant on the left side of the LED supplementary light as the origin, the ground position coordinates of the mechanical rod can be calculated as (L / 2, 0); the spatial position coordinates of the LED supplementary light can be calculated as (L / 2, L3 + H);

[0111] Calculating by the controller to calculate the rotation angle S1 of the control knob according to the light-emitting diffusion angle θ of the LED supplementary light in Step 2. Assuming that there is a correlation between the rotation angle S1 of the control knob and the light-emitting diffusion angle θ, this correlation is expressed by the functional relationship S1 = F(θ). A series of discrete points (S1i, θi) are obtained through experimental measurement, where i represents the number of a certain discrete point. These discrete points can be used to obtain the specific expression of the function S1 = F(θ) with the minimum error through linear or non-linear fitting methods. This expression is stored in the controller to quickly calculate the corresponding rotation angle S1 of the control knob under different light-emitting diffusion angles θ.

[0112] Step 5 specifically includes: The calculation and control unit transmits the driving current A of the pitaya LED supplementary light to the LED controller through wired or wireless means, driving the LED chip to emit light. At the same time, parameters such as the driving current, the rotation angle of the mechanical rod, the height of the mechanical rod, and the rotation angle of the control knob are transmitted to the mechanical controller through wired or wireless means, driving the mechanical controller to adjust components such as the rotator and the height regulator.

[0113] Step 6 specifically includes: The light detector is fixed on the mechanical rod for position adjustment in the vertical direction. This adjustment can be achieved by sliding or other mechanical means to ensure that the light detector can be flexibly adjusted to collect the light emitted by the LED supplementary light. In this way, the light detector can measure the light intensity and other parameters at different vertical positions. When using the LED supplementary light to illuminate the pitaya plants, the light detector can be moved to different positions to capture the actual light-emitting parameters of the LED supplementary light at different positions. These parameters include but are not limited to light intensity, spectral distribution, beam divergence angle, etc. By measuring at multiple positions, the performance and effect of the LED supplementary light can be evaluated more accurately. The measured light-emitting parameters are recorded by the light detector in the form of an array and transmitted to the calculation and control unit for further analysis and processing.

[0114] Let the position of the light detector on the mechanical rod be z. When using the LED supplementary light to illuminate the pitaya plants, the light detector selects different positions zi each time to measure the actual light-emitting parameters, where i represents the number of a certain position z. The light intensity measured by the light detector at the position zi can be expressed as {I(z1), I(z2), …, I(zn)}, where n represents the total number of discrete light intensities measured. These measurement data are recorded in the form of an array and can be expressed as: I = [I(z1), I(z2), …, I(zn)], where I is an n-dimensional array recording the light intensity values at different positions zi;

[0115] Step 7 specifically includes: The calculation and control unit corrects the actual light-emitting parameters measured by the light detector at different positions zi to obtain the corrected light intensity IC = [IC(z1), IC(z2), …, IC(zn)]. The difference between the corrected light intensity IC array and the uncorrected light intensity I array is that the corrected light intensity IC array is the light intensity distribution when the light intensity I0 is a certain fixed standard value.

[0116] Step 8 specifically includes: calculating and comparing the corrected light intensity IC = [IC(z1), IC(z2), …, IC(zn)] by the controller with the parameters of the standard light intensity IS = [IS(z1), IS(z2), …, IS(zn)] when the light intensity is I0, and calculating the accuracy rate γ of adjusting the light distribution by this method; the calculation steps of the accuracy rate γ are as follows: First, calculate the difference ΔI(zi) = IS(zi) - IC(zi) between the standard light intensity and the measured light intensity at each position zi of the light detector; Second, calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) of the entire array:

[0117]

[0118] Finally, the accuracy rate γ is expressed as

[0119]

[0120] where Max(IS) is the maximum value in the standard light intensity array, which is used to normalize the RMSE to ensure that the accuracy rate γ is between 0 and 1;

[0121]

[0122] The calculated accuracy rate γ will be displayed on the display screen for the user to view. If the accuracy rate does not meet the expected standard, the user can further adjust the system settings and re-perform the optimization calculation and test until a satisfactory supplementary lighting effect is achieved.

[0123] Such as Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, in Example 1, for the relative position of the LED supplementary light to the pitaya plant, three lighting schemes are set. Scheme 1: The traditional LED supplementary light is located above the middle of two pitaya plants, and the light emission direction is vertically downward, illuminating the left and right pitaya plants respectively. Scheme 2: The traditional LED supplementary light is located at the top of each pitaya plant, and the light emission direction is vertically downward, only illuminating the pitaya plant below the position of the LED supplementary light. Scheme 3: The LED supplementary light with bilateral emission is located above the middle of two pitaya plants, and the light emission direction is adjustable, forming a certain angle with the vertical direction, illuminating the left and right pitaya plants respectively. Among them, Scheme 1 and 2 are existing traditional lighting schemes for pitaya planting, and Scheme 3 is the new scheme proposed by the present invention. During the light distribution optimization process, the light source type is set as a Lambert source, the total power of all types of LED supplementary light sources is unified, and the simulated annealing algorithm is used to optimize the light distribution. The optimization parameters include the light source height and the light emission direction; the optimization objectives include the total light energy coverage rate and the effective light energy coverage rate.

[0124] Figure 8Describes the changing trends of the total light energy coverage rates of Scheme 1, Scheme 2, and Scheme 3 with the lighting height of the LED supplementary light. When the pitaya plants are 1.5 meters tall and the leaf surfaces are distributed in an ellipsoidal shape, the light-emitting direction of the LED supplementary light is set at 64 degrees, and the upper limit ratio of the total light intensity that can be absorbed per unit area and per unit time by the leaves of the pitaya plants is 7%. When the lighting height of the LED supplementary light rises from 1.6 meters to 2.6 meters, the total light energy coverage rates of Scheme 1, Scheme 2, and Scheme 3 all show a downward trend. Among them, Scheme 2 has the highest total light energy coverage rate when the LED supplementary light is at 1.6 meters, approximately 62%. This is because the LED supplementary light is located near the top of the pitaya plants, and most of the light energy falls on the surface of the pitaya plants. As the lighting height of the LED supplementary light increases, part of the light energy spills onto the ground or other nearby areas, resulting in a decrease in the light energy coverage ratio on the surface of the pitaya plants. Scheme 1 has the lowest total light energy coverage rate, and the total light energy coverage rate is approximately 18% at the same lighting height. That is, when Scheme 1 is adopted, most of the light energy of the LED supplementary light does not shine on the surface of the pitaya plants. At different lighting heights, the total light energy coverage rates of Scheme 3 are mostly between those of Scheme 1 and Scheme 2, but when the lighting height is higher than 2.3 meters, the total light energy coverage rate of Scheme 1 is slightly higher than that of Scheme 3.

[0125] Figure 9 Describes the changing trends of the effective light energy coverage rates of Scheme 1, Scheme 2, and Scheme 3 with the lighting height of the LED supplementary light. The effective light energy coverage rates of Scheme 1 and Scheme 3 decrease monotonically with the increase in the lighting height, while the effective light energy coverage rate of Scheme 2 shows a trend of first rising and then falling with the increase in the lighting height. When the lighting height reaches 2.2 meters, the effective light energy coverage rate of Scheme 2 reaches the highest 0.6%. This difference is because during the process of the increase in the lighting height of the LED supplementary light in Scheme 2, although the total light energy coverage rate decreases, it can make the light more evenly distributed over a larger surface area of the pitaya plants, thereby increasing the effective light energy coverage rate. When the lighting height increases to 2.2 meters, the effective light energy coverage rate of Scheme 2 almost reaches saturation. Continuing to increase the lighting height leads to a continuous decrease in the total light energy coverage rate, thereby reducing the effective light energy coverage rate. Therefore, the results show that there is an optimal solution for the effective light energy coverage rate of Scheme 2. On the contrary, since the initial lighting distances between the LED supplementary lights and the pitaya plants in Scheme 1 and Scheme 3 have been maintained, continuing to increase the lighting height of the LED supplementary lights will reduce both the total light energy coverage rate and the effective light energy coverage rate.

[0126] Figure 10It describes the changes in the total light energy coverage rate and the effective light energy coverage rate of Solution 3 with the light-emitting direction when the lighting height of the LED supplementary light is 1.6 meters. Through comparison, it is found that due to the limited light absorption rate of the leaves of the pitaya plants, the effective light energy coverage rate is much lower than the total light energy coverage rate. Secondly, as the angle of the light-emitting direction increases, both the total light energy coverage rate and the effective light energy coverage rate have a maximum value. When the angle of the light-emitting direction is 45 degrees, the highest total light energy coverage rate of Solution 3 reaches 26.8%; when the angle of the light-emitting direction is 40 degrees, the highest effective light energy coverage rate of Solution 3 is 1.0%. When the light-emitting direction is relatively high or low, both the total light energy coverage rate and the effective light energy coverage rate will decrease.

[0127] Figure 11 It describes the changes in the total light energy coverage rate and the effective light energy coverage rate of Solution 3 with the lighting height when the light-emitting direction of the LED supplementary light is 60 degrees. The results show that when the lighting height is relatively low, such as 1.8 meters, both the total light energy coverage rate and the effective light energy coverage rate are relatively high. As the lighting height increases, both the total light energy coverage rate and the effective light energy coverage rate decrease to a certain extent. This trend is consistent with Figure 6 that trend. In addition to the above results, Solution 3 uses the simulated annealing algorithm to optimize both the lighting height and the light-emitting direction simultaneously, and the optimal total light energy coverage rate and effective light energy coverage rate that can be obtained are 22.7% and 2.6% respectively. Consistent with the results in Figure 7 , the value of the effective light energy coverage rate of Solution 3 proposed in the present invention is much higher than the effective light energy coverage rate obtained by using the traditional lighting solution.

[0128] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to fully understand the present invention, but the present invention can also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed.

[0129] The technical effects and advantages of the present invention are as follows: (1) The system can intelligently adjust the light-emitting direction, illumination height, and light diffusion angle of the supplementary light according to the specific distribution and growth requirements of pitaya plants, achieving precise supplementary lighting. (2) By constructing a mathematical model and optimizing algorithms, the system can design a supplementary lighting scheme with the highest energy coverage rate, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of light energy, reducing energy waste, and achieving energy conservation and emission reduction. (3) Users can flexibly choose to manually or remotely control the system to monitor the supplementary lighting effect in real time and adjust parameters, improving the convenience and flexibility of operation. (4) The automated supplementary lighting adjustment reduces the need for manual intervention, lowers labor costs, and at the same time improves the consistency and reliability of supplementary lighting. (5) The system design takes into account different environments and planting conditions, has wide applicability, and can adapt to various pitaya planting scenarios. The system can be easily integrated into existing agricultural facilities and can be expanded as needed to adapt to changing planting requirements. (6) The light data collected by the system can provide decision-making support for growers and can also be used for scientific research purposes to help crop researchers better understand the crop growth status and make corresponding adjustments.

[0130] In addition, as an auxiliary evidence of the novelty of the present invention, it is also reflected in the following important aspects:

[0131] The expected benefits and commercial value after the transformation of the present invention are as follows: 1) By optimizing the light supplement scheme, the present invention is expected to significantly increase the yield and quality of pitayas. Precise light regulation promotes photosynthesis, increases the sugar accumulation and nutrient content of fruits, thereby enhancing the market value of fruits. This not only increases the economic benefits of growers but also improves the overall efficiency of pitaya cultivation. 2) The optimized light supplement system can utilize light energy more efficiently and reduce unnecessary energy waste. By precisely controlling the light intensity and distribution of the supplementary lights, the system significantly reduces energy consumption while ensuring the light supplement effect. This not only reduces the cultivation cost but also meets the environmental protection requirements, with significant economic and environmental benefits. 3) The present invention combines advanced software and hardware technologies to provide an efficient, precise and flexible light supplement solution. This technological advantage enables growers to stand out in the market competition and provide higher-quality pitaya products. Especially in the high-end market and export market, high-quality pitayas are more competitive and can obtain higher prices and market shares. 4) The system provides an accurate evaluation of the light supplement effect by collecting and analyzing actual light emission parameters. These data not only help growers understand the current light supplement status but also support growers in making more scientific decisions. Through data-driven decision support, growers can further optimize the light supplement scheme and improve the light supplement effect and cultivation efficiency. 5) Through the functions of automation and remote control, the present invention reduces manual intervention and improves the operation efficiency and reliability of the system. Growers can remotely control the light supplement system through a mobile terminal or display screen without the need to frequently go to the site for manual adjustment, thus significantly reducing the labor cost. 6) The adoption of advanced light supplement technology not only increases the yield and quality of pitayas but also enhances the brand image of growers. Growers can use this technological advantage as part of brand promotion to attract more consumers and partners, further enhancing market competitiveness.

[0132] The present invention fills the technical gaps in the domestic and international industries: 1) Through the design of the light distribution model and the optimization algorithm design, the present invention realizes the precise regulation of the light distribution of the LED supplementary lights for pitayas. This solves the problems of uneven light distribution and low energy coverage rate in traditional light supplement systems and fills the gap in the precise light distribution optimization technology. 2) The present invention combines a remote control system and an automatic adjustment function, and users can remotely control the optimization calculation and parameter adjustment of the light supplement system through a mobile terminal or display screen. This fills the technical gap in the lack of automation and remote control functions in traditional light supplement systems. 3) The present invention provides an accurate evaluation of the light supplement effect by collecting and analyzing actual light emission parameters, helping users make more scientific decisions. This fills the technical gap in the lack of data-driven decision support in traditional light supplement systems.

[0133] Whether the technical solution of the present invention solves the current technical problems: All along, people have hoped to obtain a multi-functional and integrated plant supplementary lighting system. However, there are currently three main technical problems: 1) Traditional supplementary lighting systems often have the problem of uneven light distribution, resulting in excessive light in some areas and insufficient light in some areas. The present invention realizes uniform light distribution through optimized calculation and light distribution adjustment, ensuring that each pitaya plant can obtain appropriate light and solving the technical problem of uneven light distribution. 2) In traditional supplementary lighting systems, a large amount of light energy is scattered into non-target areas, resulting in low light energy utilization rate. The present invention focuses the light energy on the pitaya plant area by precisely calculating and adjusting the position and angle of the supplementary light lamps, significantly improving the supplementary lighting efficiency and solving the problem of low supplementary lighting efficiency. 3) Traditional supplementary lighting systems require manual adjustment of supplementary lighting parameters, which is inconvenient and inefficient. The present invention realizes intelligent control of the supplementary lighting system through remote control and automatic adjustment functions. Users can remotely operate through a mobile terminal or a display screen, solving the problem of the lack of intelligent control in traditional systems. 4) Traditional supplementary lighting systems lack effective means for evaluating the supplementary lighting effect, and it is difficult for growers to understand the actual effect of supplementary lighting. The present invention collects and analyzes data through light detectors, provides a detailed evaluation of the supplementary lighting effect, and helps growers make more scientific decisions, solving the problem of difficult evaluation of the supplementary lighting effect. 5) Traditional supplementary lighting systems require a large amount of manual operation and have high costs. The present invention reduces manual intervention and lowers labor costs through automation and remote control functions, solving the problem of high labor costs in traditional systems.

[0134] Whether the technical solution of the present invention overcomes technical biases: 1) The present invention realizes automatic and intelligent adjustment of pitaya night supplementary lighting by integrating a calculation system and a remote control system. This overcomes the technical bias that previous supplementary lighting systems lacked intelligent adjustment capabilities, making the supplementary lighting more accurate and efficient. 2) By constructing a light distribution model and performing optimized calculations, the present invention can provide a supplementary lighting plan with the highest energy coverage rate. This method overcomes the problems of uneven light distribution or low efficiency in traditional supplementary lighting systems, ensuring the optimal utilization of lighting resources. 3) The present invention significantly improves the planting efficiency by increasing the supplementary lighting efficiency and the energy coverage rate of pitaya plants. This overcomes the technical bias that traditional supplementary lighting technologies may not fully meet the growth needs of crops.

[0135] Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation manners of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all the implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optimized system for light distribution of night-time supplementary lighting for pitaya, characterized in that, It includes a mechanical rod (9) located between two columns of pitaya plants (20). The mechanical rod (9) is successively connected with a mechanical controller (5), a light detector (8), a height regulator (6), a rotator (7) and an LED supplementary light (1) from bottom to top. The light detector (8) is located at the middle position of the height of the pitaya plants (20). The LED supplementary light (1) is installed at the top of the mechanical rod (9). The LED supplementary light (1) is connected with a display screen (2) and a mobile terminal (3) through an information interaction method. The display screen (2) is electrically connected with a calculation and controller (4), and the calculation and controller (4) is electrically connected with the mechanical controller (5). The LED supplementary light (1) is used to transmit lighting-related data of luminous intensity and luminous diffusion angle to the calculation and controller (4). At the same time, the calculation and controller (4) is used to feedback the parameters of the driving current to the LED supplementary light (1) to achieve precise control of the luminous parameters of the LED supplementary light (1). Relevant parameters of the pitaya planting site are input through the display screen (2) and the mobile terminal (3) to find the acquisition parameter characteristics of the pitaya plant spacing, plant height and road surface width. The calculation and controller (4) performs an optimized calculation of the light distribution of the LED supplementary light (1) of the pitaya according to the acquisition parameter characteristics, and obtains optimized parameters including light intensity, luminous diffusion angle, luminous direction, lighting height and light energy coverage rate. The optimized parameters are displayed to the user through the display screen (2). The calculation and controller (4) is used to convert the optimized parameters into direct adjustment parameters of the driving current of the LED supplementary light (1), the rotation angle of the LED supplementary light (1), the rotation angle of the mechanical rod (9) and the height of the mechanical rod (9). The calculation and controller (4) is used to transmit the direct adjustment parameters to the LED supplementary light (1) to drive the LED supplementary light (1) to emit light. At the same time, it is used to transmit the direct adjustment parameters to the mechanical controller (5), and the mechanical controller (5) drives the rotator (7) and the height regulator (8) to perform corresponding position adjustments to improve the night supplementary lighting efficiency and planting benefits of the pitaya.

2. The optimized system for the light distribution of dragon fruit night supplementary lighting according to claim 1, characterized in that, The LED fill light (1) comprises an LED lampshade (11), the top of which is mounted an LED controller (10), the bottom of which is mounted a first LED light-emitting chip (12) and a second LED light-emitting chip (16), the bases of which are mounted a first control knob (13) and a second control knob (17), the bottoms of which are mounted a first reflective cup (14) and a second reflective cup (18), the end surfaces of which are mounted a first light-emitting hole (15) and a second light-emitting hole (19), respectively; the LED controller (10) is built with a wireless data transceiver module and an LED chip driver module, which are used for remotely transmitting and receiving control information and respectively adjusting the light intensity of the first LED light-emitting chip (12) and the second LED light-emitting chip (16).

3. The optimized system for light distribution of pitaya night supplementary lighting according to claim 2, characterized in that The light emission wavelength range of the first LED light emitting chip (12) and the second LED light emitting chip (16) is selected within the visible light range. The light emission color adopts a red-yellow light combination or a red-green light combination in view of the wavelength range combination commonly used in pitaya cultivation. The combination of the light emission wavelength range is used to meet the needs of pitaya for specific spectra at different growth stages, thereby improving the fill light effect and plant growth efficiency. The total light emission power of the first LED light emitting chip (12) and the second LED light emitting chip (16) is 15 to 18 watts, which is set to the power range commonly used for nighttime fill light for pitaya.

4. The optimized system for light distribution of pitaya night supplementary lighting according to claim 3, wherein, The LED lampshade (12), the first reflective cup (14) and the second reflective cup (18) are all made of a lightweight material such as carbonated polyester, acrylic or aluminum.

5. The optimized system for the light distribution of the pitaya night supplementary lighting according to claim 1, wherein The rotator (7) is selected from a servo motor, a stepper motor or a steering gear, which is used to realize an actuator for rotational motion, and accurately adjusts the rotation angle according to the control signal of the system to meet different application requirements; the height adjuster (8) is selected from a stepper motor, a DC motor or a solenoid valve, which is used to realize a position adjustment actuator, and accurately adjusts the position according to the control signal of the system to meet different height adjustment requirements.

6. A method for optimizing the light distribution of dragon fruit during night-time supplementary lighting, which is implemented by using a system for optimizing the light distribution of dragon fruit during night-time supplementary lighting as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: Step 1, the user inputs the collection parameters of the pitaya planting site by remote control of the mobile terminal or manually operating the display screen, and the collection parameters include plant spacing, plant height and road width; Step 2, the calculation and controller accepts the user input parameters, performs light distribution optimization calculation for the light output characteristics of the LED fill light according to the built-in fill light optimization algorithm, and obtains the optimized parameters, which include light intensity, light emission angle, light direction, lighting height, total light energy coverage and effective light energy coverage; Step 3: The calculation and control unit transmits the optimized parameters to the display screen or mobile terminal for visual display. The user determines whether to accept the current optimized configuration based on the display result. If the user is satisfied with the optimization result and confirms it, the system enters the execution phase. If the user is not satisfied with the optimization result, return to Step 2 to adjust the input parameters or optimization conditions and re-execute the optimization calculation. Step 4: The calculation and control unit calculates the adjustment parameters required for the mechanical controller based on the optimized parameters. The adjustment parameters include the driving current of the LED supplementary light, the rotation angle of the mechanical rod, the height of the mechanical rod, and the rotation angle of the control knob. Step 5: The calculation and control unit transmits the driving current of the LED supplementary light and the rotation angle of the control knob of the pitaya to the LED chip to drive the LED chip to emit light and adjust the position. At the same time, the parameters of the driving current, the rotation angle of the mechanical rod, and the height of the mechanical rod are transmitted to the mechanical controller to drive the mechanical controller to adjust the rotator and the height adjuster. Step 6: Use the LED supplementary light to illuminate the pitaya plants, and use a light detector to test the actual light emission parameters of the pitaya LED supplementary light. Step 7: The light detector transmits the collected actual parameters to the calculation and control unit, and the calculation and control unit corrects the tested actual lighting parameters to obtain the corrected lighting parameters. Step 8: The calculation and control unit compares the corrected lighting parameters with the target lighting parameters to obtain the accuracy rate of the optimization of the light distribution of the pitaya night supplementary light, and displays the result on the display screen.

7. A method for optimizing the light distribution of night-time supplementary lighting for pitaya, according to claim 6, characterized in that Step 2 specifically includes: The user inputs the parameters of the pitaya planting site. The plant spacing D, plant height H, and road surface width L in the parameters are used as initial conditions. Set the initial light intensity I0 of one of the LED chips of the LED supplementary light to emit Lambertian distribution. There is a functional relationship between the illumination curved surface area S of the LED supplementary light illuminating the pitaya plants and the corresponding light transmission distance r, that is: S = f(r); The luminous intensity I(θ) of the LED supplementary light (1) changes with the cosine value of the luminous diffusion angle θ, that is: I(θ) = I0cos(θ); According to the functional relationship S = f(r) between the curved surface area S and the distance r, the total light intensity I of the LED supplementary light (1) reaching the surface of the pitaya plants total can be expressed in an integral form as: Where φ is the angle between the normal of the curved surface area S and the position where the LED supplementary light is located. Substituting I(θ) = I0cos(θ) into it, the formula can be rewritten as: Since S = f(r), dS is expressed as dS = g(r)dr, where g(r) is the derivative of f(r). Therefore, the above formula can be further expressed as: where r min and r max are the maximum and minimum critical values of r, which can be calculated based on values such as the plant spacing D, plant height H, road surface width L, etc.; When optimizing the light distribution of the pitaya LED supplementary light, two important parameters are considered in the calculation: the total light energy coverage rate η and the effective light energy coverage rate ε. Among them, the total light energy coverage rate η is expressed as the ratio of the total light intensity covering the surface of the pitaya plants to the emitted light intensity. The total light energy coverage rate η can be calculated as: The effective light energy coverage rate ε is expressed as the ratio of the total light intensity that can be absorbed by the pitaya to the total light intensity covering the surface of the pitaya plants (20). The effective light energy coverage rate ε is calculated as: Among them, I absorb represents the total light intensity that can be absorbed by the leaves of the pitaya plant per unit time; setting the upper limit of the total light intensity that can be absorbed per unit area and per unit time by the leaves of the pitaya plant as Im, then dI absorb = ImdS; Im can be obtained through biological experiments; then formula (5) can be expressed as: In the light distribution optimization calculation, considering the optimization ratios of the total light energy coverage rate η and the effective light energy coverage rate ε in the optimization process are m:n, where m + n = 1. Then the total target parameter ρ in the light distribution optimization calculation is: ρ = m%η + n%ε (7); Therefore, the parameters of the light emission diffusion angle θ and the distance r from the LED supplementary light to the plant surface corresponding to the maximum value of the total parameter ρ in the optimization process are the optimization results. The above optimization results are the optimal position parameters for the LED supplementary light to irradiate the pitaya plants under the conditions of rated light intensity, light emission direction, plant spacing D, plant height H, and road surface width L.

8. A method for optimizing the light distribution of night-time supplementary lighting for pitaya, according to claim 7, characterized in that Step 4 specifically includes: The calculation and controller calculates the height L2 of the mechanical rod according to the parameters of the plant spacing D, plant height H, and road surface width L set in Step 2; Assume that the LED supplementary light is located above the exact middle of two pitaya plants. After the optimization program in Step 2, the height L1 from the LED supplementary light to the top of the plant obtained by calculating the distance r between the LED supplementary light and the curved surface S, then the required mechanical rod height L2 of the LED supplementary light = L1 + H; Taking the ground position of the pitaya plant on the left side of the LED supplementary light as the origin, the ground position coordinates of the mechanical rod can be calculated as (D / 2, 0); The spatial position coordinates of the LED supplementary light can be calculated as (D / 2, L1 + H); Assume that the LED supplementary light is located above the exact middle of two pitaya plants on both sides of the road surface. The optimized height L3 from the LED supplementary light to the top of the plant obtained in Step 2, then the required mechanical rod height L2 of the LED supplementary light = L3 + H; Taking the ground position of the pitaya plant on the left side of the LED supplementary light as the origin, the ground position coordinates of the mechanical rod can be calculated as (L / 2, 0); The spatial position coordinates of the LED supplementary light can be calculated as (L / 2, L3 + H); The calculation and controller calculates the control knob rotation angle S1 according to the light emission divergence angle θ of the LED supplementary light in Step 2; Assume that there is a correlation between the control knob rotation angle S1 and the light emission divergence angle θ, then this correlation is represented by the functional relationship S1 = F(θ); A series of discrete points (S1i, θi) are obtained through experimental measurement, where i represents the number of a certain discrete point; These discrete points can be used by linear or non-linear fitting methods to obtain the specific expression of the function S1 = F(θ) with the minimum error; This expression is stored in the calculation and controller to quickly calculate the corresponding control knob rotation angle S1 under different light emission divergence angle θ conditions.

9. A method for optimizing the light distribution of night-time supplementary lighting for pitaya, according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 6 specifically includes: The light detector is fixed on the mechanical rod for position adjustment in the vertical direction; This adjustment can be achieved by sliding or other mechanical means to ensure that the light detector can be flexibly adjusted and collect the light emitted by the LED supplementary light; In this way, the light detector can measure the light intensity and other parameters at different vertical positions; When using the LED supplementary light to illuminate the pitaya plants, the light detector can be moved to different positions to capture the actual light emission parameters of the LED supplementary light at different positions; These parameters include but are not limited to light intensity, spectral distribution, and beam divergence angle; By measuring at multiple positions, the performance and effect of the LED supplementary light can be evaluated more accurately; The measured light emission parameters are recorded by the light detector in the form of an array and transmitted to the calculation and controller for further analysis and processing; Let the position of the light detector on the mechanical rod be \(z\). When using the LED fill light to illuminate the pitaya plants, the light detector selects different positions \(z_i\) each time to measure the actual light emission parameters, where \(i\) represents the number of a certain position \(z\); the light intensity measured by the light detector at the position \(z_i\) can be expressed as \(\{I(z_1), I(z_2), \ldots, I(z_n)\}\), where \(n\) represents the total number of all measured discrete light intensities; these measurement data are recorded in the form of an array, which can be expressed as: \(I = [I(z_1), I(z_2), \ldots, I(z_n)]\), where \(I\) is an \(n\)-dimensional array that records the light intensity values at different positions \(z_i\). Step 7 specifically includes: The calculation and controller corrects the actual light emission parameters measured by the light detector at different positions \(z_i\) to obtain the corrected light intensity \(I_C=[I_C(z_1), I_C(z_2), \ldots, I_C(z_n)]\). The difference between the corrected light intensity \(I_C\) array and the uncorrected light intensity \(I\) array is that the corrected light intensity \(I_C\) array is the light intensity distribution when the light intensity \(I_0\) is a certain fixed standard value.

10. A method for optimizing the light distribution of night-time supplementary lighting for pitaya, according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step 8 specifically includes: The calculation and controller compares the parameters of the corrected light intensity \(I_C = [I_C(z_1), I_C(z_2), \ldots, I_C(z_n)]\) and the standard light intensity \(I_S = [I_S(z_1), I_S(z_2), \ldots, I_S(z_n)]\) array when the light intensity is \(I_0\) to adjust the accuracy rate \(\gamma\) of the light distribution; the calculation steps of the accuracy rate \(\gamma\) are as follows: First, calculate the difference \(\Delta I(z_i)=I_S(z_i)-I_C(z_i)\) between the standard light intensity and the measured light intensity at each light detector position \(z_i\); Second, calculate the root mean square error of the entire array: Finally, the accuracy rate \(\gamma\) is expressed as: Among them, \(Max(I_S)\) is the maximum value in the standard light intensity array, which is used to normalize the RMSE to ensure that the accuracy rate \(\gamma\) is between 0 and 1; The calculated accuracy rate \(\gamma\) will be displayed on the display screen for the user to view; if the accuracy rate does not meet the expected standard, the user can further adjust the system settings and re-perform the optimization calculation and test until a satisfactory light filling effect is achieved.

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