Semi-automatic welding system for circuit board

Abstract

The invention discloses a circuit board semi-automatic welding system, and relates to the technical field of circuit board production and processing, the circuit board semi-automatic welding system comprises a processing table, the top end of the processing table is rotatably connected with a welding table driven by a stepping motor to rotate, the top end of the welding table is symmetrically provided with circuit board adsorption grooves, and the welding table is internally provided with an air suction positioning mechanism matched with the circuit board adsorption grooves; through cooperative operation of the multi-station rotary welding table and the double clamping boxes at the bottom end of the cross beam, a high-precision stepping motor and a transverse movement adjusting mechanism are integrated, a feeding, welding and discharging full-process automatic linkage mechanism is achieved, the automation degree is improved, and the production efficiency is improved. A multi-sensor fusion control structure comprising a smoke measurement purification mechanism and a temperature measurement regulation and control mechanism is adopted, meanwhile, through visual monitoring of a high-definition camera, the welding process can be monitored in real time, welding smoke is sucked away in time, a welded circuit board is rapidly cooled, and multi-dimensional monitoring and intelligent emergency response in the welding process of the circuit board are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of printed circuit board production and processing, and particularly to a semi-automatic soldering system for printed circuit boards. Background Art

[0002] A printed circuit board (PCB) is one of the core components of electronic devices, used to connect and support electronic components to form a complete circuit system. The basic structure of a printed circuit board consists of a substrate, a conductive layer, pads, and vias. The substrate is usually an insulating material (such as epoxy resin and fiberglass). The conductive layer forms copper foil circuits on the surface of the substrate through an etching process to achieve electrical connection between components, and may include multiple layers stacked on top of each other. The pads are used to solder component leads, and the vias achieve electrical conduction between different layers.

[0003] As the physical carrier of an electronic system, the design and manufacturing level of a printed circuit board directly affects the performance of the device. The soldering process of a printed circuit board is the core link of electronic manufacturing, and its necessity stems from physical requirements such as electrical connection, mechanical fixation, and heat dissipation management, as well as technical requirements for high density and high reliability in modern electronic devices.

[0004] Based on the prior art, it is found that at the process implementation level, traditional soldering platforms are still mainly dominated by manual operations, lacking an automated connection mechanism between key processes such as loading and positioning, soldering execution, and finished product unloading, resulting in an extended production cycle and high labor costs. In terms of quality control, although some automated soldering equipment has adopted a production line mode, due to problems such as insufficient welding parameter regulation ability and fixed process paths, it is difficult to ensure the consistency of solder joints and welding quality. In terms of process monitoring, existing printed circuit board soldering systems are not convenient for monitoring the soldering process and cannot take corresponding emergency measures, with single functions. Therefore, the present invention proposes a semi-automatic soldering system for printed circuit boards to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a semi-automatic soldering system for printed circuit boards to solve the problems that traditional soldering platforms are still mainly dominated by manual operations, lacking an automated connection mechanism between key processes such as loading and positioning, soldering execution, and finished product unloading, and due to problems such as insufficient dynamic regulation ability of welding parameters and fixed process paths, it is difficult to ensure the consistency of solder joints and welding quality.

[0006] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: a semi-automatic welding system for circuit boards, including a processing table, the top of the processing table is rotatably connected to a welding table driven to rotate by a stepper motor, the top of the welding table is symmetrically provided with circuit board adsorption grooves, the inside of the welding table is provided with a suction positioning mechanism adapted to the circuit board adsorption grooves, the two sides of the welding table are respectively provided with a loading rack and a unloading rack slidably connected to the top of the processing table, the inner sides of the loading rack and the unloading rack are respectively provided with a feeding lifting mechanism and a material receiving buffer mechanism, a crossbeam is provided above the welding table, and both sides of the bottom end of the crossbeam are provided with a first A hanging plate, the bottom end of the first hanging plate is connected to a clamping box through a first cylinder, the bottom end of the clamping box is symmetrically provided with clamping blocks driven to move by a clamping mechanism, an L-shaped bracket is fixed to the rear side of the top end of the processing table, the L-shaped bracket is provided with a smoke detection and purification mechanism, a first linear motor is fixed to the top inner side of the L-shaped bracket, a second linear motor is fixed to a slider at the bottom end of the first linear motor, a second hanging plate is fixed to a slider at the bottom end of the second linear motor, the bottom end of the second hanging plate is fixed to a support frame through a second cylinder, a welding head is fixed to the bottom end of the support frame, a temperature measurement and control mechanism is provided on the support frame, and a high-definition camera is fixed to the front side of the bottom end of the support frame.

[0007] A further improvement is that the smoke detection and purification mechanism includes a horizontal plate symmetrically fixed to the inner wall of the L-shaped bracket and a smoke purification box fixed to the top of the L-shaped bracket, a smoke sensor is fixed to the bottom end of the horizontal plate, and smoke exhaust fans electrically connected to the smoke sensor are fixed to both side walls of the smoke purification box, and the input end of the smoke exhaust fan is connected to an intake hood that passes through the top of the L-shaped bracket through a pipeline.

[0008] A further improvement is that a partition is fixed at the top of the flue gas purification box, a flue gas filter fixed to the inside of the flue gas purification box is provided at the bottom of the partition, and exhaust fans are fixed at the lower part of the two side walls of the flue gas purification box.

[0009] A further improvement is that the suction positioning mechanism includes an air suction pump fixed inside the welding table and a cavity opened below the circuit board adsorption groove, an air suction hole connected to the cavity is opened at the bottom inner side of the circuit board adsorption groove, the air inlets on the front, back, left and right sides of the air suction pump are all connected to suction pipes, an electronic control valve is fixed on the suction pipe, and an air flow duct is connected between the suction pipe and the cavity.

[0010] Further improvements are: an electric heating coil is embedded and installed at the bottom end of the inner side of the circuit board adsorption groove, the upper surface of the electric heating coil is on the same horizontal plane as the bottom end of the inner side of the circuit board adsorption groove, a battery electrically connected to the electric heating coil is fixed inside the welding table, and grooves adapted to the clamping block are provided on the front and rear sides of the circuit board adsorption groove.

[0011] A further improvement lies in that: the temperature measurement and control mechanism includes an infrared temperature sensor symmetrically fixed at the bottom end of the support frame and air blowing pumps symmetrically arranged on both sides of the welding head. The air blowing pumps are electrically connected to the infrared temperature sensor, and the air blowing pumps penetrate and are fixed on the support frame.

[0012] A further improvement lies in that: the feeding and lifting mechanism includes a frame fixed at the inner bottom end of the feeding rack and a first lead screw rotatably connected inside the frame and driven to rotate by a servo motor. A lifting plate is threadedly sleeved on the first lead screw. Push rods are symmetrically fixed at the top end of the lifting plate. The top ends of the push rods penetrate through the frame and are fixed with a feeding plate. Grooves adapted to the clamping blocks are symmetrically formed at the top ends of the front and rear side walls of the feeding rack.

[0013] A further improvement lies in that: the receiving and buffering mechanism includes sleeves symmetrically fixed at the inner bottom end of the discharging rack and a limiting spring fixed at the inner bottom end of the sleeve. A sliding rod is fixed at the top end of the limiting spring. The top end of the sliding rod penetrates through the top end of the sleeve and is fixed with a discharging plate. A buffer rubber pad is fixed at the top end of the discharging plate.

[0014] A further improvement lies in that: the transverse movement and adjustment mechanism includes a second lead screw rotatably connected inside the cross beam and driven to rotate by a first motor and a threaded block threadedly sleeved on the second lead screw. The bottom end of the threaded block slidably penetrates through the bottom end of the cross beam and is fixed at the top end of the first hanging plate.

[0015] A further improvement lies in that: the clamping mechanism includes a bidirectional lead screw rotatably connected inside the clamping box and driven to rotate by a second motor and threaded plates threadedly sleeved on both sides of the bidirectional lead screw. The top end of the clamping block slidably penetrates into the clamping box and is fixed at the bottom end of the threaded plate. Anti-slip rubber pads are fixed on the opposite sides of two groups of the clamping blocks distributed oppositely in the front and back.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the collaborative operation of the multi-station rotary welding table and the double clamping boxes at the bottom end of the cross beam, the present invention integrates a high-precision stepping motor and a transverse movement and adjustment mechanism to realize the full-process automatic connection mechanism of feeding, welding, and discharging, without manual guidance, improving production efficiency and reducing labor costs. Moreover, a multi-sensor fusion control structure including a smoke detection and purification mechanism and a temperature measurement and control mechanism is innovatively adopted, which can monitor the welding process in real time, timely suck out welding fumes, and cool the circuit board after welding, realizing multi-dimensional monitoring and intelligent emergency response during the welding process. At the same time, through the visual monitoring of the high-definition camera, the entire welding process is manually controllable, avoiding the problems of insufficient welding parameter regulation ability and fixed process path in the traditional automatic welding production line, ensuring the welding quality to a certain extent, and being suitable for small and medium batch production or the production and processing scenarios of circuit boards that need to be flexibly adjusted. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 is the front view of the present invention; Figure 2 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 is a top view of the present invention; Figure 4 is a top view of the processing table of the present invention; Figure 5 is a front cross-sectional view of the welding table of the present invention; Figure 6 is a front cross-sectional view of the loading rack of the present invention; Figure 7 is a front cross-sectional view of the unloading rack of the present invention; Figure 8 is a front cross-sectional view of the flue gas purification box of the present invention; Figure 9 is a side cross-sectional view of the clamping box of the present invention; Figure 10 is a front view of the second cylinder and the support frame of the present invention.

[0018] Wherein: 1. Processing table; 2. Stepper motor; 3. Welding table; 4. Circuit board adsorption groove; 5. Loading rack; 6. Unloading rack; 7. Cross beam; 8. First hanging plate; 9. First cylinder; 10. Clamping box; 11. Clamping block; 12. L-shaped bracket; 13. First linear motor; 14. Second linear motor; 15. Second hanging plate; 16. Second cylinder; 17. Support frame; 18. Welding head; 19. High-definition camera; 20. Horizontal plate; 21. Flue gas purification box; 22. Smoke sensor; 23. Smoking fan; 24. Suction hood; 25. Partition board; 26. Flue gas filter screen; 27. Exhaust fan; 28. Suction pump; 29. Cavity; 30. Suction hole; 31. Suction pipe; 32. Air flow pipeline; 33. Electric heating coil; 34. Battery; 35. Infrared temperature sensor; 36. Blowing pump; 37. Frame; 38. Servo motor; 39. First lead screw; 40. Lifting plate; 41. Push rod; 42. Loading plate; 43. Sleeve; 44. Limit spring; 45. Slide bar; 46. Unloading plate; 47. First motor; 48. Second lead screw; 49. Threaded block; 50. Second motor; 51. Bi-directional lead screw; 52. Threaded plate; 53. Support shaft; 54. Support ball; 55. First limit telescopic rod; 56. Second limit telescopic rod. Detailed implementation manners

[0019] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] A circuit board, also known as a printed circuit board or PCB, is an insulated board printed with conductors. It forms a clear conductor layout by covering a copper foil on an insulating substrate and processing it through processes such as etching, thereby achieving electrical connections between electronic components.

[0021] The main functions of the circuit board are to reduce the space occupied by conductors and organize the conductors in a clear layout for the installation and electrical connection of electronic components. In addition, the circuit board also has functions such as supporting and fixing electronic components, heat dissipation, and electromagnetic shielding. The soldering process of the circuit board is a key link in electronic manufacturing and involves various technologies and processes.

[0022] In the prior art, the soldering process of the circuit board is as follows: After the circuit board is conveyed to the working position by a belt conveyor, the soldering worker removes the circuit board from the conveyor line and places it in a fixed fixture. After fixing, the fixture is first manually pressed and then the soldering robot is started for soldering. The degree of automation is relatively low, and the soldering processing efficiency still needs to be improved.

[0023] According to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 As shown, this embodiment provides a semi-automatic soldering system for circuit boards, including a horizontally arranged processing table 1 and a stepping motor 2 bolted to the middle position inside the processing table 1. Support legs are welded and fixed at the four corners of the bottom end of the processing table 1 to provide stable support for the processing table 1. A circular soldering table 3 is rotatably connected to the top end of the processing table 1, and the soldering table 3 is driven by the stepping motor 2 to rotate. A circuit board adsorption groove 4 for placing the circuit board is opened at the top end of the soldering table 3. In this embodiment, there are a total of four groups of circuit board adsorption grooves 4, and the four groups of circuit board adsorption grooves 4 are symmetrically distributed in a cross shape at the top end of the soldering table 3. An air suction positioning mechanism is provided inside the soldering table 3, and the air suction positioning mechanism is adapted to the circuit board adsorption groove 4 for adsorbing and fixing the circuit board placed in the circuit board adsorption groove 4; On the left side of the soldering table 3, there is a loading rack 5 for temporarily placing the circuit boards to be soldered. On the right side of the soldering table 3, there is an unloading rack 6 for temporarily placing the soldered circuit boards. At the bottom ends of both the loading rack 5 and the unloading rack 6, T-shaped sliders are symmetrically fixed. On the top end of the processing table 1, a T-shaped slide rail adapted to the T-shaped sliders is provided. Through the cooperation of the T-shaped sliders and the T-shaped slide rail, the loading rack 5 and the unloading rack 6 are slidably connected to the top end of the processing table 1, so that the loading rack 5 and the unloading rack 6 can be slid out or put in. Inside the loading rack 5, there is a feeding lifting mechanism for lifting the circuit boards to be soldered to a preset height inside the loading rack 5. Inside the unloading rack 6, there is a receiving buffer mechanism, which plays a buffering role for the soldered circuit boards falling inside the unloading rack 6; Above the soldering table 3, there is a cross beam 7 with hollow settings on both sides inside. The cross beam 7 is fixed to the top end of the processing table 1 through the support plates on both sides of its bottom end. On the left and right sides at the bottom end of the cross beam 7, there are first hanging plates 8, and the two groups of first hanging plates 8 are respectively driven by the lateral displacement adjustment mechanisms on the left and right sides inside the cross beam 7 to perform lateral displacement. The bottom end of the first hanging plate 8 is fixed with a first cylinder 9 through bolts. The output end of the first cylinder 9 is fixed with a hollow clamping box 10 through bolts. At the bottom end of the clamping box 10, four groups of clamping blocks 11 are symmetrically provided. The four groups of clamping blocks 11 are in two-by-two correspondence and are driven to displace through the clamping mechanism inside the clamping box 10; At the rear side of the top end of the processing table 1, an L-shaped bracket 12 is fixed through bolts. The top end of the L-shaped bracket 12 is bent at a right angle and extends above the rear side of the soldering table 3. On the L-shaped bracket 12, there is a smoke detection and purification mechanism for monitoring the smoke generated during soldering and performing suction and purification treatment on it. At the top end inside the L-shaped bracket 12, a first linear motor 13 is fixed through bolts. The slider at the bottom end of the first linear motor 13 is fixed with a second linear motor 14 through bolts. The first linear motor 13 can drive the second linear motor 14 to perform left-right lateral displacement. The slider at the bottom end of the second linear motor 14 is fixed with a second hanging plate 15 through bolts. The second linear motor 14 can drive the second hanging plate 15 to perform front-back longitudinal displacement. Through the cooperation of the first linear motor 14 and the second linear motor 15, the horizontal adjustment of any position of the second hanging plate 15 is realized. The bottom end of the second hanging plate 15 is fixed with a second cylinder 16 through bolts. The output end of the second cylinder 16 is fixed with a support frame 17 through bolts. At the bottom end of the support frame 17, a soldering head 18 for circuit board soldering processing is fixed through bolts. The type of the soldering head 18 is selected according to the actual soldering needs to support a variety of soldering processes. On the support frame 17, there is a temperature measurement and control mechanism for measuring the temperature of the circuit board after soldering during the soldering process and cooling it down to room temperature to accelerate the solidification of the solder joints and prevent false soldering. At the front side of the bottom end of the support frame 17, a high-definition camera 19 is fixed through bolts. An industrial camera with 5 million pixels is used to take real-time pictures of the soldered circuit board and transmit and feedback it to the display screen on the front side of the processing table 1.

[0024] The smoke detection and purification mechanism includes a transverse plate 20 and a fume purification box 21, wherein the transverse plate 20 is provided with two groups and symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the inner wall of the L-shaped bracket 12, the fume purification box 21 is fixed to the top of the L-shaped bracket 12 by bolts, and a smoke sensor 22 for real-time monitoring of welding fume is fixed to the bottom of the transverse plate 20 by bolts, and a smoke fan 23 is fixed to the outer walls of the left and right sides of the fume purification box 21, and the smoke sensor 22 is connected to the PLC control system of the system, and is used to start the fume fan 23 when welding fume is detected. The input end of the fume fan 23 is connected to the suction hood 24 through a pipeline, and the suction hood 24 is fixed to the top of the L-shaped bracket 12, and the suction hood 24 is driven by the smoke fan 23 to suck the air containing welding fume below it into the fume purification box 21, so as to realize the suction and purification of welding fume.

[0025] A partition 25 is fixed in the middle position of the top of the fume purification box 21, and a fume filter 26 is provided at the bottom of the partition 25. The fume filter 26 is fixed inside the fume purification box 21 for filtering and purifying welding fume in the air. Exhaust fans 27 are fixed at the lower part of the two side walls of the fume purification box 21. The exhaust fans 27 are started to exhaust air in the fume purification box 21 so as to discharge the purified and filtered air. The fume filter 26 of this embodiment adopts three-stage filtration, namely, a metal sintered filter element (intercepting large particles), an electrostatic dust removal module (12kV high voltage ionization) and an activated carbon adsorption layer (iodine value ≥ 1000mg / g).

[0026] The air suction positioning mechanism includes an air suction pump 28 and a cavity 29, wherein the air suction pump 28 is fixed to the middle position inside the welding table 3 by bolts, and the cavity 29 is opened at the four sides of the welding table 3 and is located one by one under the four groups of circuit board adsorption grooves 4. An air suction hole 30 is opened at the bottom end of the inner side of the circuit board adsorption groove 4, and the air suction hole 30 is connected with the cavity 29. The air suction pump 28 is provided with an input air inlet on the front, back, left and right sides and is connected to an air suction pipe 31. An electronic control valve is fixed on the air suction pipe 31 for controlling the air suction. An airflow duct 32 is connected between the air suction pipe 31 and the cavity 29. The air suction pump 28 sucks air into the cavity 29, so that the air suction hole 30 generates suction, thereby adsorbing and fixing the circuit board on the air suction hole 30.

[0027] An electric heating coil 33 with a built-in temperature control component is embedded in the bottom inner end of the circuit board adsorption groove 4, which is used to preheat the circuit board before welding to prevent thermal stress cracking. The upper surface of the electric heating coil 33 is on the same horizontal plane as the bottom inner end of the circuit board adsorption groove 4, so that the circuit board can be horizontally attached to the bottom inner end of the circuit board adsorption groove 4. A battery 34 is fixed to the middle position of the welding table 3 by bolts, and the battery 34 is electrically connected to the electric heating coil 33 through wires to supply power to the electric heating coil 33. Grooves that are compatible with the clamping block 11 are provided on the front and rear sides of the circuit board adsorption groove 4, which facilitates the clamping block 11 to clamp the circuit board in the circuit board adsorption groove 4.

[0028] The temperature measurement and control mechanism includes an infrared temperature sensor 35 and a blowing pump 36. Among them, there are two groups of infrared temperature sensors 35, which are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the bottom end of the support frame 17. The monitoring ends of the infrared temperature sensors 35 face the circuit board below the welding head 18. There are two groups of blowing pumps 36, which are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the welding head 18. The blowing pumps 36 are fixedly installed on the support frame 17 through bolts, and the blowing direction is towards the circuit board below the welding head 18. The infrared temperature sensor 35 is connected to the PLC control system of the system, and is used to start the blowing pump 36 when the temperature of the circuit board after welding is higher than the preset value, and blow air on the circuit board for cooling, so as to improve the solidification speed of the welding points of the circuit board. When the temperature of the circuit board after welding is lower than the preset value, the blowing pump 36 is turned off.

[0029] The feeding and lifting mechanism includes a frame 37, a servo motor 38 and a first lead screw 39. Among them, the frame 37 is fixedly installed on the inner bottom end of the loading rack 5 through bolts. The servo motor 38 is located inside the frame 37 and is fixedly installed on the inner bottom end of the frame 37 through bolts. The bottom end of the first lead screw 39 is fixedly installed on the output end of the servo motor 38. The top end of the first lead screw 39 is rotatably connected to the inner top end of the frame 37 through a bearing. A lifting plate 40 is threadedly sleeved on the first lead screw 39 and is located inside the frame 37. Push rods 41 are symmetrically fixed on the top end of the lifting plate 40. The top ends of the symmetrically distributed push rods 41 slidably penetrate through the top end of the frame 37 and are jointly fixed with a loading plate 42 for placing the un-welded circuit board. By driving the first lead screw 39 to rotate through the servo motor 38, the lifting plate 40 threadedly sleeved on the first lead screw 39 moves upward. While the lifting plate 40 moves, it drives the loading plate 42 to rise synchronously through the push rods 41, so as to drive the circuit board to rise to the preset height.

[0030] The receiving and buffering mechanism includes sleeves 43 and limiting springs 44. Among them, there are two groups of sleeves 43, which are symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of the inner bottom end of the unloading rack 6. The limiting springs 44 are fixed on the inner bottom end of the sleeves 43. The top ends of the limiting springs 44 are fixed with sliding rods 45. The top ends of the sliding rods 45 penetrate through the top ends of the sleeves 43 and extend to the outside of the sleeves 43. The top ends of the two groups of sliding rods 45 are jointly fixed with a group of unloading plates 46. A buffer rubber pad is fixed on the top end of the unloading plate 46 for placing the welded circuit board.

[0031] The lateral movement adjustment mechanism includes a first motor 47, a second lead screw 48, and a threaded block 49. There are two sets of the first motors 47, which are respectively fixed to the outer walls on the left and right sides of the cross beam 7. The second lead screw 48 is rotatably connected to the inside of the cross beam 7 through bearings. One end of the second lead screw 48 close to the first motor 47 penetrates through the cross beam 7 to the outside through a bearing and is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the first motor 47. The threaded block 49 is located inside the cross beam 7 and is threadedly sleeved on the second lead screw 48. The bottom end of the threaded block 49 slidably penetrates through the bottom end of the cross beam 7 and is fixed to the top end of the first suspension plate 8 through bolts. A through groove adapted to the threaded block 49 is opened at the bottom end of the cross beam 7. By driving the second lead screw 48 to rotate through the first motor 47, the threaded block 49 threadedly sleeved on the second lead screw 48 drives the first suspension plate 8 to laterally displace at the bottom end of the cross beam 7.

[0032] The clamping mechanism includes a second motor 50, a bidirectional lead screw 51, and threaded plates 52. The second motor 50 is fixed to the outer wall at the rear side of the clamping box 10 through bolts. The bidirectional lead screw 51 is rotatably connected to the inside of the clamping box 10 through bearings and is driven to rotate by the second motor 50. There are two sets of threaded plates 52. The two sets of threaded plates 52 are respectively threadedly sleeved on both sides of the bidirectional lead screw 51 and the threaded connection directions are opposite. The top end of the clamping block 11 slidably penetrates into the clamping box 10 and is fixed to the bottom end of the threaded plate 52 through bolts. A through groove adapted to the clamping block 11 is opened at the bottom end of the clamping box 10. Anti-slip rubber pads are fixed to the opposite sides of the two sets of clamping blocks 11 distributed oppositely in the front and rear. Conductive silicone rubber is used, with 0.3 mm deep staggered groove patterns designed on the surface and a friction coefficient ≥ 0.8 to play an anti-slip role. By driving the bidirectional lead screw 51 to rotate through the second motor 50, the threaded plates 52 threadedly sleeved on both sides of the bidirectional lead screw 51 drive the clamping blocks 11 to move towards or in the opposite direction, realizing the clamping or loosening of the circuit board.

[0033] A support shaft 53 is fixed to the center position at the bottom end of the welding table 3 through bolts. The bottom end of the support shaft 53 penetrates through the processing table 1 through a bearing and is fixed to the output end of the stepping motor 2. Four support balls 54 are symmetrically fixed to the bottom end of the welding table 3, and the bottom ends of the support balls 54 are in contact with the upper surface of the processing table 1. By driving the support shaft 53 at its output end through the stepping motor 2 to drive the welding table 3 to rotate, the support balls 54 can provide auxiliary support for the welding table 3 to avoid excessive load on the output end of the stepping motor 2. In this embodiment, the support balls 54 are made of tungsten carbide and are coated with a titanium nitride wear-resistant layer on the surface. The single ball load-bearing capacity can reach 200 kg. In this embodiment, the output end of the stepping motor 2 is connected to the support shaft 53 through a harmonic reducer to achieve a 0.9° sub-step angle control and ensure a rotation positioning accuracy of ±0.05°.

[0034] On both the left and right sides of the first cylinder 9, there are retractable first limit telescopic rods 55. The first limit telescopic rods 55 are fixed between the first suspension plate 8 and the clamping box 10 by bolts, which play a role in limiting the clamping box 10 and making its lifting process more stable. On both the left and right sides of the second cylinder 16, there are retractable second limit telescopic rods 56. The second limit telescopic rods 56 are fixed between the second suspension plate 15 and the support frame 17 by bolts, which play a role in limiting the support frame 17 and making its lifting process more stable.

[0035] When the semi-automatic circuit board welding system is actually in use, the circuit board to be welded is manually stacked inside the loading rack 5. First, the feeding and lifting mechanism is used to drive the circuit board to be welded to rise to an appropriate height (so that it can be clamped by the clamping block 11). Then, the left horizontal movement adjustment mechanism is used to drive the left first suspension plate 8 to move horizontally above the loading rack 5. Next, the first cylinder 9 is started to drive the clamping box 10 to descend until the clamping block 11 is driven to descend to the position of the topmost circuit board inside the loading rack 5. Subsequently, the clamping mechanism is used to drive the clamping block 11 to clamp the topmost circuit board and the first cylinder 9 is started to drive the clamping box 10 to rise and reset. Then, the left horizontal movement adjustment mechanism is used to drive the left first suspension plate 8 to move horizontally above the leftmost circuit board adsorption groove 4 on the welding table 3. After that, the first cylinder 9 is started to drive the clamping box 10 to descend until the clamped circuit board descends into the circuit board adsorption groove 4. At this time, the clamping of the circuit board is released, and it falls into the circuit board adsorption groove 4. The air suction and positioning mechanism is used to adsorb and fix the circuit board to be welded at the inner bottom end of the circuit board adsorption groove 4. Finally, the stepping motor 2 is started to drive the welding table 3 to rotate clockwise by 90 degrees, so that the adsorbed and fixed circuit board is transferred below the welding head 18. At the same time, the above feeding steps are repeated to continue to adsorb and fix the circuit board to be welded in the leftmost circuit board adsorption groove 4 on the welding table 3, thus completing the automatic feeding of the circuit board to be welded; When the circuit board to be adsorbed and fixed is transferred below the welding head 18, the first linear motor 13 is used to drive the second linear motor 14 to move horizontally left and right, and the second linear motor 14 is used to drive the second suspension plate 15 to move longitudinally forward and backward until the welding head 18 at the bottom end of the support frame 17 is displaced above the corresponding solder joint on the circuit board. Subsequently, the second cylinder 16 is started to drive the support frame 17 to descend to drive the welding head 18 to contact the solder joint. At the same time, the welding head 18 is started to weld the solder joint, thus completing the relevant welding work of the circuit board. During the welding process, the temperature measurement and control mechanism is used to measure the temperature of the circuit board after welding and cool it down to room temperature. At the same time, the smoke measurement and purification mechanism is used to monitor the smoke generated during the welding process and perform suction and purification treatment on it, realizing the relevant monitoring and emergency treatment during the welding process. During the entire welding process, the high-definition camera 19 is used to perform real-time video monitoring on the circuit board during the welding process. When an abnormality is found, the welding is stopped in time by the operator, and the relevant welding parameters are adjusted accordingly; After the circuit board under the welding joint 18 to be welded is welded, continue to start the stepper motor 2 to drive the welding table 3 to rotate clockwise by 90 degrees, so that the welded circuit board is transferred to the far right and corresponds to the position of the unloading rack 6. At this time, use the horizontal movement adjustment mechanism on the right to drive the first hanging plate 8 on the right to move horizontally above the welded circuit board (that is, directly above the circuit board suction groove 4 on the far right of the welding table 3). Then start the first cylinder 9 to drive the clamping box 10 to descend until the clamping block 11 descends to the position of the circuit board (the clamping block 11 descends into the grooves on the front and back sides of the circuit board suction groove 4). At this time, release the adsorption and fixation of the circuit board, and use the clamping mechanism to drive the clamping block 11 to clamp the welded and released circuit board. Subsequently, start the first cylinder 9 to drive the clamping box 10 to rise and reset, use the horizontal movement adjustment mechanism on the right to drive the first hanging plate 8 on the right to move horizontally above the unloading rack 6, and then start the first cylinder 9 to drive the clamping box 10 to descend until the clamping block 11 descends to the position of the unloading rack 6. At this time, release the clamping of the circuit board, so that it falls into the inner side of the unloading rack 6 and is received by the receiving and buffering mechanism, that is, the automatic unloading after the circuit board is welded is completed. Finally, the welded circuit board is taken out of the unloading rack 6 by manual and put into the subsequent processing procedure; Repeat the above steps to realize the continuous welding process of the circuit board.

[0036] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A semi-automatic soldering system for a circuit board, comprising a processing table (1), characterized in that: The top of the processing table (1) is rotatably connected to a welding table (3) driven by a stepping motor (2) to rotate. The top of the welding table (3) is symmetrically provided with circuit board adsorption grooves (4). An air suction and positioning mechanism adapted to the circuit board adsorption grooves (4) is provided inside the welding table (3). A loading rack (5) and an unloading rack (6) slidably connected to the top of the processing table (1) are respectively arranged on both sides of the welding table (3). A feeding and lifting mechanism and a receiving and buffering mechanism are respectively arranged inside the loading rack (5) and the unloading rack (6). A cross beam (7) is arranged above the welding table (3). Both sides of the bottom end of the cross beam (7) are provided with first hanging plates (8) driven to displace by a transverse movement adjusting mechanism. The bottom end of the first hanging plate (8) is connected to a clamping box (10) through a first air cylinder (9). Clamping blocks (11) driven to displace by a clamping mechanism are symmetrically arranged at the bottom end of the clamping box (10). An L-shaped bracket (12) is fixed to the rear side of the top end of the processing table (1). A smoke detection and purification mechanism is arranged on the L-shaped bracket (12). A first linear motor (13) is fixed to the inner top end of the L-shaped bracket (12). A slider at the bottom end of the first linear motor (13) is fixed to a second linear motor (14). A slider at the bottom end of the second linear motor (14) is fixed to a second hanging plate (15). The bottom end of the second hanging plate (15) is fixed to a support frame (17) through a second air cylinder (16). A welding head (18) is fixed to the bottom end of the support frame (17). A temperature measurement and control mechanism is arranged on the support frame (17). A high-definition camera (19) is fixed to the front side of the bottom end of the support frame (17). The temperature measurement and control mechanism includes infrared temperature sensors (35) symmetrically fixed to the bottom end of the support frame (17) and air blowing pumps (36) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the welding head (18). The air blowing pumps (36) are electrically connected to the infrared temperature sensors (35). The air blowing pumps (36) are fixedly arranged through the support frame (17).

2. The semi-automatic soldering system for a circuit board according to claim 1, wherein: The smoke detection and purification mechanism includes cross plates (20) symmetrically fixed to the inner side walls of the L-shaped bracket (12) and a smoke purification box (21) fixed to the top end of the L-shaped bracket (12). A smoke sensor (22) is fixed to the bottom end of the cross plate (20). Smoking fans (23) electrically connected to the smoke sensor (22) are respectively fixed to both side walls of the smoke purification box (21). The input end of the smoking fan (23) is connected through a pipeline to an air suction hood (24) penetrating through the top end of the L-shaped bracket (12).

3. A semi-automatic soldering system for a circuit board according to claim 2, characterized in that: A partition plate (25) is fixed to the inner top end of the smoke purification box (21). A smoke filter screen (26) fixed inside the smoke purification box (21) is arranged at the bottom end of the partition plate (25). Exhaust fans (27) are respectively fixed to the lower parts of both side walls of the smoke purification box (21).

4. A semi-automatic soldering system for a circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The suction positioning mechanism includes a suction pump (28) fixed inside the welding table (3) and a cavity (29) opened below the circuit board suction groove (4). The inner bottom end of the circuit board suction groove (4) is provided with a suction hole (30) communicating with the cavity (29). The intake air inlets at the front, rear, left, and right sides of the suction pump (28) are all connected with suction pipes (31). An electronic control valve is fixed on the suction pipe (31), and an air flow pipe (32) is connected between the suction pipe (31) and the cavity (29).

5. A semi-automatic soldering system for a circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electric heating coil (33) is fitted and installed at the inner bottom end of the circuit board suction groove (4). The upper surface of the electric heating coil (33) is at the same horizontal plane as the inner bottom end of the circuit board suction groove (4). A storage battery (34) electrically connected to the electric heating coil (33) is fixed inside the welding table (3). Grooves adapted to the clamping blocks (11) are opened on both the front and rear sides of the circuit board suction groove (4).

6. A semi-automatic soldering system for a circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding and lifting mechanism includes a frame (37) fixed at the inner bottom end of the loading rack (5) and a first lead screw (39) rotatably connected inside the frame (37) and driven to rotate by a servo motor (38). A lifting plate (40) is threadedly sleeved on the first lead screw (39). Push rods (41) are symmetrically fixed at the top end of the lifting plate (40). The top ends of the push rods (41) penetrate through the top of the frame (37) and are fixed to a loading plate (42). Grooves adapted to the clamping blocks (11) are symmetrically opened at the top ends of the front and rear side walls of the loading rack (5).

7. A semi-automatic soldering system for a circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The receiving and buffering mechanism includes sleeves (43) symmetrically fixed at the inner bottom end of the unloading rack (6) and a limiting spring (44) fixed at the inner bottom end of the sleeve (43). A sliding rod (45) is fixed at the top end of the limiting spring (44). The top end of the sliding rod (45) penetrates through the top of the sleeve (43) and is fixed to a unloading plate (46). A buffer rubber pad is fixed at the top end of the unloading plate (46).

8. A semi-automatic soldering system for a circuit board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse movement adjusting mechanism includes a second lead screw (48) rotatably connected inside the cross beam (7) and driven to rotate by a first motor (47) and a threaded block (49) threadedly sleeved on the second lead screw (48). The bottom end of the threaded block (49) slidably penetrates through the bottom end of the cross beam (7) and is fixed to the top end of a first hanging plate (8).

9. The semi-automatic soldering system for a circuit board according to claim 1, wherein: The clamping mechanism includes a bidirectional lead screw (51) rotatably connected inside the clamping box (10) and driven to rotate by a second motor (50) and threaded plates (52) threadedly sleeved on both sides of the bidirectional lead screw (51). The top end of the clamping block (11) slidably penetrates into the clamping box (10) and is fixed to the bottom end of the threaded plate (52). Anti-slip rubber pads are fixed on the opposite sides of two groups of the clamping blocks (11) distributed oppositely in the front and rear.

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