Method for cultivating idesia seedlings without dewaxing

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of idesia seedling breeding, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating idesia seedlings without dewaxing, which comprises the following steps: 1) nursery preparation, 2) seed treatment, 3) sowing, 4) pre-emergence management and protection, 5) seedling stage management and 6) seedling outplanting. Compared with the prior art, through the synergistic effect of a special seed treatment scheme and a management scheme, the technical problems that in the prior art, dewaxing is conducted through manual repeated friction, the dewaxing cost is high, the dewaxing level is different, seed waste is serious, diseases and insect pests are likely to be infected, and the whole seedling raising failure is likely to be caused are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of breeding of Idesia polycarpa seedlings, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing. Background Art

[0002] Idesia polycarpa Maxim is a native tree species in Guizhou, belonging to the genus Idesia of the family Flacourtiaceae, which is a tall deciduous tree, also known as Dou Shuanghong, Water Waxgourd, Oil Grape, etc. Idesia polycarpa has many small seeds with wax, which are not easy to germinate under natural conditions, and there are few wild Idesia polycarpa forest resources. Idesia polycarpa is a valuable tree species, which can be used for viewing flowers and fruits, and can also be used for making oil after growing into timber. It is an excellent national reserve forest and woody oil tree species.

[0003] Idesia polycarpa is a fast-growing tree species, with an average annual height growth of up to 80 cm. Its wood is brittle, hollow and easy to break. In production, asexual propagation methods such as grafting and cutting are rarely used. Generally, the propagation of Idesia polycarpa seedlings is carried out by using Idesia polycarpa seeds. However, the known methods for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings all require dewaxing treatment of Idesia polycarpa seeds before entering the sowing and seedling raising stage. The procedure is relatively complicated, the technical content is high, and the seeds are easily damaged and the dewaxing is not sufficient, which seriously affects the outplanting of Idesia polycarpa seedlings. At the same time, due to the small size of Idesia polycarpa seeds, it is difficult to carry out dewaxing treatment on Idesia polycarpa seeds. There is no special Idesia polycarpa dewaxing machine sold in the market. Basically, manual repeated friction is used for dewaxing, the dewaxing cost is relatively high, the level is uneven, the seed waste is relatively serious, and it is easy to be infected with diseases and pests, which is likely to lead to the failure of the entire seedling raising.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing to enrich the breeding methods of Idesia polycarpa seedlings and solve the existing deficiencies. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing, mainly to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as manual repeated friction for dewaxing, relatively high dewaxing cost, uneven level, relatively serious seed waste, easy infection with diseases and pests, and easy failure of the entire seedling raising.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing, comprising the following steps: 1) Preparation of nursery land: One month before sowing, carry out soil preparation work on the nursery land, remove weeds after soil preparation, spread quicklime evenly on the soil for disinfection before sowing, continue to mix and crush the soil evenly on the day of sowing, prepare the seedbed, and pour sufficient water for standby; 2) Seed treatment: On the day of sowing, mix Idesia polycarpa seeds with water and carbendazim, after wetting the seeds, mix the seeds with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for 5 minutes to ensure that each Idesia polycarpa seed is wrapped by calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; 3) Sowing: Take the seeds processed in step 2) and evenly broadcast them on the nursery ground processed in step 1). After the sowing is completed, gently turn the soil once with a fine rake, cover it with a black film, and seal and compact it; 4) Pre-germination management: Before the Idesia polycarpa Maxim. germinates, uncover the black film on the seedbed every 5 - 15 days to check the situation of the seedbed. Once it is found that the Idesia polycarpa Maxim. has germinated, immediately uncover the film, remove the weeds, and carry out the management work during the germination period; 5) Seedling management: Carry out the management work on the seedbed, and pay attention to observing the growth of the seedlings. When the Idesia polycarpa Maxim. seedlings grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart, prepare the nursery ground in advance according to step 1). Select a rainy day to carry out the thinning work of the germinated seedlings, control the density of the remaining germinated seedlings on the bed to 80 - 150 plants per square meter. Transplant the obtained Idesia polycarpa Maxim. germinated seedlings to the newly prepared nursery ground at a plant spacing of 10 - 15 cm per plant, do a good job in shading and sun protection, and carry out the seedling management work; 6) Seedling out: Carry out a sampling survey for the seedlings to be out. When more than 85% of the seedlings meet the conditions for being out, from December of the current year to the end of March of the next year, all the Idesia polycarpa Maxim. seedlings are taken out.

[0007] Further, in step 2), the mass ratio of the seeds: water: carbendazim: calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 5000:500:1:25000.

[0008] Further, in step 3), the seeding rate is 5 - 10 grams per square meter.

[0009] Further, in step 2), the calcium magnesium phosphate content of the selected calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is ≥18%, and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer includes the following components by mass percentage: the total amount of CaO and MgO ≥25%, P2O5 ≥5%, SiO2 ≥20%; the pH value of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 7 - 9.

[0010] Further, in step 4), manual weeding is selected to be carried out on a rainy day. After the weeds are removed, thoroughly water the seedbed and compact the seedlings intermittently.

[0011] Further, in step 5), the remaining germinated seedlings on the bed should be selected as strong germinated seedlings and evenly distributed in the nursery. When transplanting the seedlings, they should be lifted and planted immediately, and the planting should be completed within 2 hours. After the thinning is completed, water thoroughly.

[0012] Further, in step 5), in late June - July, apply the self-made nutrient fertilizer to the seedbed. The application rate of the self-made fertilizer is 1 - 2 kg per square meter. The production steps of the self-made nutrient fertilizer are as follows: Mix the Idesia polycarpa Maxim. fruit peel, urea, and water in a mass ratio of 25:1:10, cover it with a film and ferment for 30 - 60 days to obtain it.

[0013] Further, in step 5), in August - September, when the Idesia polycarpa Maxim. seedlings reach the required seedling height of the one-year-old seedlings to be out, spray the dwarfing agent.

[0014] Furthermore, the dwarfing agent is selected as paclobutrazol with a concentration of 15% diluted with water for spraying, and the mass ratio of paclobutrazol to water is 1 - 1.2:1000.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 6), after all the Idesia polycarpa seedlings are taken out of the nursery, the seedling grading work is carried out to ensure that every 50 seedlings are bundled together, and they are planted immediately after being lifted. For the seedlings that do not meet the out - of - nursery specifications, they are promptly planted in the nursery at a plant spacing of 20 - 30 cm to cultivate perennial large - sized Idesia polycarpa seedlings.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings disclosed in the present invention is simple to operate and has little technical difficulty. Through the synergistic effect of a special seed treatment plan and management plan, there is no need to carry out work such as cleaning seeds, removing wax, and germinating Idesia polycarpa seeds. There is no seed loss, no waste of seeds, saving labor and time. At the same time, compared with the seeds after wax removal and germination, the germination time of Idesia polycarpa is not much different, reducing the growth cost of Idesia polycarpa seedling cultivation, laying a foundation for the regular and nearby Idesia polycarpa seedling cultivation work, and solving the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as high cost of wax removal by manual repeated friction, uneven levels, serious seed waste, easy infection by pests and diseases, and easy failure of the entire seedling cultivation.

[0017] 2. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer used in the present invention is a common soil conditioner, with simple materials that are easy to obtain, no harm to the soil, and can instead increase soil fertility. Further, it forms a coated seed for Idesia polycarpa seeds, which can effectively reduce the susceptibility of seeds to diseases, improve the disease resistance of seeds, and increase the seed utilization rate.

[0018] 3. After sowing in the present invention, the seedbed is covered with black film, which can effectively reduce weeds before the emergence of Idesia polycarpa seedlings, keep warm and moisturize, greatly shorten the germination time of Idesia polycarpa, and improve the germination rate of Idesia polycarpa with all efforts.

[0019] 4. The seedling thinning method for germinated seedlings disclosed in the present invention has two types: remaining seedlings in the bed and transplanted seedlings, which can ensure that the germinated Idesia polycarpa seedlings are not wasted, effectively improve the output value per unit area of land. Among them, the remaining seedlings in the bed grow faster because they have not been transplanted and are more likely to meet the out - of - nursery requirements. The transplanted seedlings have developed roots due to being transplanted once and have stronger resistance during afforestation.

[0020] 5. The method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without wax removal disclosed in the present invention reduces the wax removal treatment link compared with other seedling cultivation methods, and combines production to increase the high - quality and high - efficiency comprehensive utilization part. It has the advantages of low technical difficulty, low cost, high germination rate, high out - of - nursery rate, high unit output value, and can be popularized regularly.

[0021] 6. The self-made nutrient fertilizer used in the present invention is more suitable for the growth of Idesia polycarpa seedlings compared to other organic fertilizers. The key lies in using the pericarp of Idesia polycarpa, and through proportioning urea (mainly nitrogen fertilizer) and adding water for fermentation to form a natural organic fertilizer, which is more appropriate and can supplement the nutrients required by Idesia polycarpa seedlings, promote the uniform growth of seedlings, improve the overall nursery stock specification of seedlings, and greatly enhance the quality of nursery stock outplanting.

[0022] 7. A method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing disclosed by the present invention uses calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer for seed stirring and sowing. The key technology lies in that there is a layer of wax on the outer surface of the Idesia polycarpa seeds themselves. Considering the characteristic that the germination time of Idesia polycarpa is relatively long, and making full use of the characteristics of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer that it is insoluble in water, has a slow fertilizer effect release, can promote seed development, is suitable for use as a base fertilizer, and plants can slowly absorb the required nutrients, a mutually promoting and fusion absorption characteristic is constructed, ensuring the follow-up absorption of nutrients during the wax reduction and germination of seeds during the seed germination period, increasing the germination rate and also improving the survival rate of seedlings. Detailed implementation mode

[0023] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, the meaning of several is one or more, the meaning of multiple is two or more, understandings such as greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. do not include the present number, and understandings such as above, below, within, etc. include the present number. If there are descriptions of terms "first", "second", "third", etc., they are only for descriptive purposes and to distinguish technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0025] The application principle of the present invention will be further described below in combination with specific examples.

[0026] From 2023 to 2024, Idesia polycarpa seedling breeding was carried out in Huichuan District, Zunyi City.

[0027] Example 1: 1) Nursery site preparation: On-site survey, select the qualified plots in Jintian Village, Sidu Town, Huichuan District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province (altitude: 1,100 meters, soil: sandy soil, soil quality: good) as the Tung oil seedling nursery. On February 15, carry out comprehensive cleaning and land preparation work on the nursery, and the soil preparation requirements must be as detailed as possible. At the same time, do a good job in soil disinfection and sterilization. If conditions permit, a variety of soil fungicides can be used, and multiple disinfections can be carried out in batches and times; on February 20, spray with herbicides to remove new weeds, and on February 28, spread quicklime to disinfect the soil. On the day of sowing, continue to mix the soil evenly, and make a seedbed of 1.2m wide and 20cm high in each box, and irrigate it thoroughly for standby use; 2) Seed treatment: On March 10, high-quality Castanopsis chinensis seeds were selected, a small amount of water and carbendazim were added to wet the seeds, and then calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was used to mix the seeds for 5 minutes. The mass ratio of seeds: water: carbendazim: calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was 5000:500:1:25000, ensuring that each Castanopsis chinensis seed was covered with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer selected was a medium-element fertilizer calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, which was purchased from Kuandian Xinhe Trading Co., Ltd. The total content of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in this medium-element fertilizer calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is ≥18%, including: calcium (CaO) + magnesium (MgO) ≥25%, phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) ≥5%, silicon (SiO2) ≥20%, and the pH value is 8.2.

[0028] 3) Sowing: Take the seeds treated in step 2) and evenly sow them on the field treated in step 1) at a sowing rate of 6 grams per square meter. After sowing, lightly turn the soil with a fine spike rake, cover with a black film, and seal and compact. In actual planting work, before sowing seeds, the water sinking rate of Castanopsis chinensis seeds can be measured with tap water in advance (i.e. soak the Castanopsis chinensis seeds with water and check the proportion of the sinking Castanopsis chinensis seeds). This can roughly estimate the proportion of submerged seeds in the sowing amount, and then control the density of Castanopsis chinensis seedling germination. 4) Pre-bud care: On March 25, uncover the black film of the seedbed, check the temperature, humidity and germination of the tung trees in the seedbed to ensure that the seedbed is not short of water and moldy, and deal with various unexpected situations in the seedbed in a timely manner. On April 10, after observing that the tung trees have sprouted, immediately uncover the film, remove the weeds, and carry out bud care work; manual weeding should be carried out on rainy days, and after the weeds are removed, water them thoroughly to indirectly compact the seedlings and minimize the loss of seedlings caused by weeding; 5) Seedling stage management: Conduct routine seedbed management work such as weeding, shading, and watering, and pay attention to observing the growth of seedlings. When the Idesia polycarpa seedlings grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart (hereinafter referred to as bud seedlings), prepare the nursery land in advance according to step 1). On April 20th, during rainy weather, carry out the work of thinning out bud seedlings. Note that the bud seedlings left in the bed should be selected as strong ones and evenly distributed in the nursery land (usually one plant per 10 cm), and control the density of the bud seedlings left in the bed to about 100 plants per square meter. The Idesia polycarpa bud seedlings obtained from thinning are transplanted to the newly prepared nursery land at a spacing of 10 - 15 cm per plant, do a good job in shading and sun protection, and carry out seedling stage management work such as watering and moisturizing; when carrying out the work of thinning out Idesia polycarpa bud seedlings, pay special attention to observing and complete the thinning task in a timely manner. Because the Idesia polycarpa seedlings grow relatively fast at this stage, make every effort to ensure that the Idesia polycarpa seedlings do not grow into tall and slender seedlings. At the same time, the transplanted seedlings should be planted as soon as they are lifted, and the best planting effect can be achieved within 2 hours. After the thinning is completed, water thoroughly; In late June - July, the Idesia polycarpa seedlings enter the rapid growth period of seedlings. To ensure that the seedlings grow with rich nutrition and accelerate the steady and uniform growth during the growth period, an appropriate amount of self-made nutrient fertilizer can be applied to the seedbed. The application rate of the self-made fertilizer is 1 kg per square meter. The self-made nutrient fertilizer mainly selects the fermented fertilizer of Idesia polycarpa peel, and the ratio is: Idesia polycarpa peel: urea: water = 25:1:10 (unit of calculation: kg), and cover it with a film for fermentation for 30 - 60 days.

[0029] In August - September, when the Idesia polycarpa seedlings reach the required seedling height of 1-year-old outplanted seedlings, to increase the thickness of the seedlings and improve the degree of lignification of the seedlings, an appropriate concentration of chlormequat can be sprayed. The chlormequat is selected as the 15% paclobutrazol diluted with water for spraying, and the spraying amount is 50 g per square meter, paclobutrazol: water = 1:1000 (unit of calculation: g), control the height growth of the seedlings, and ensure the afforestation effect after the Idesia polycarpa is outplanted.

[0030] 6) Seedling outplanting: Conduct a sampling survey on seedling outplanting. When more than 85% of the seedlings meet the seedling outplanting conditions, from December 2024 to the end of March 2025, use a small excavator to lift the seedlings and outplant all the Idesia polycarpa seedlings in a comprehensive manner, and carry out the work of grading the seedlings. Ensure that every 50 outplanted seedlings are bundled together, and they should be planted as soon as they are lifted. For the seedlings that do not meet the outplanting specifications, they should be planted in the nursery land in a timely manner at a spacing of 20 - 30 cm per plant to cultivate large perennial Idesia polycarpa seedlings.

[0031] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that in step 1), the selected location is the greenhouse seedling raising area in Shanpo Group, Changtian Village, Banqiao Town, Huichuan District (altitude: 1000 meters, soil: sandy soil, soil quality: good). The time for clearing and preparing the land is: April 5th, the time for spraying the herbicide is: April 8th, and the time for disinfection and bed making is: April 12th; The difference from Example 1 is that in step 3), the seeding rate is 8 grams per square meter; The difference from Example 1 is that in step 4), the pre-germination inspection times are May 1st and May 10th, and the germination time of Idesia polycarpa is May 15th, that is, the black film is removed on May 15th; The difference from Example 1 is that in step 5), the time for thinning out the germinated seedlings is May 22nd, and in rainy weather, the density of the germinated seedlings left in the bed is controlled to 100 plants per square meter; Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that in step 1), the selected location is within the Zunyi Lou Mountain National Forest Farm in Lou Mountain Pass Community, Banqiao Town, Huichuan District (altitude: 1300 meters, soil: yellow soil, soil quality: good). The time for clearing and preparing the land is April 15th, the time for spraying herbicides is April 17th, and the time for disinfection and bed preparation is April 25th; The difference from Example 1 is that in step 2), to control the germination density of Idesia polycarpa seedlings, before sowing the seeds, the sinking rate of Idesia polycarpa seeds is measured with tap water (a total of 300 grams of Idesia polycarpa seeds are selected, and 205 grams of the sinking seeds are screened, with a sinking rate of 68.33%). After screening the sinking seeds of Idesia polycarpa, the seed treatment work is carried out in the manner of step 2); The difference from Example 1 is that in step 3), the seeding rate is 5 grams per square meter; The difference from Example 1 is that in step 4), the pre-germination inspection times are May 5th and May 15th, and the germination time of Idesia polycarpa is May 20th, that is, the black film is removed on May 20th; The difference from Example 1 is that in step 5), the time for thinning out the germinated seedlings is May 30th, and in rainy weather, the density of the germinated seedlings left in the bed is controlled to 100 plants per square meter; Comparative Example 1: The difference from Example 3 is that in step 2), to compare the germination changes of waxed and unwaxed Idesia polycarpa seeds, before sowing the seeds, as described in Example 3, the sinking seeds of Idesia polycarpa are also screened with tap water, and then the sinking seeds are de-waxed by artificial wax removal (205 grams of sinking seeds are screened, and 163 grams of clean seeds are obtained after artificial wax removal, with a seed loss rate of 79.51%), and then the treatments of steps 3), 4), 5), and 6) are directly carried out.

[0032] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that in step 2), to compare the changes in seed treatment or non-treatment of Idesia polycarpa, Idesia polycarpa seeds are directly selected without seed treatment, and then the treatments of steps 3), 4), 5), and 6) are directly carried out; The difference from Example 1 is that in step 5), the work of thinning and transplanting the germinated seedlings is carried out. It should be noted that all the germinated seedlings in the nursery should be used up. If there is not enough, the germinated seedlings of Idesia polycarpa need to be supplemented and transplanted from the outside into the nursery to ensure that there are 100 germinated seedlings of Idesia polycarpa per square meter left in the nursery bed.

[0033] Comparative Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that in step 5), the self-made nutrient fertilizer is not applied.

[0034] Test Example: According to the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the work of cultivating seedlings from Idesia polycarpa seeds is carried out, and the germination interval time, germination rate, number of plants left in the nursery bed, survival rate of seedlings and outplanting rate after sowing in different regions are counted. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0035] Table 1 List of germination interval time, germination rate, number of plants left in the nursery bed, survival rate of seedling formation and outplanting rate of different Idesia polycarpa cultivation methods after sowing As can be seen from Table 1: (1) Through the data analysis of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, neither Example 1 nor Comparative Example 2 deliberately selected water-sinking seeds for sowing. In Comparative Example 2, the germination rate was relatively low by directly sowing without removing the wax and without treating the seeds, and it was necessary to supplement and transplant germinated seedlings from the outside to ensure 100 plants per square meter. Due to the uneven quality of the germinated seedlings, the outplanted seedlings of Idesia polycarpa were relatively few. After the treatment in step 2) of Example 1, the germination rate of Idesia polycarpa can be increased to more than 50%, and there is no need to remove the wax from the seeds, avoiding the loss of seeds and saving costs; (2) In Comparative Example 1, by manually screening water-sinking seeds and manually removing the wax, the germination increased somewhat, and there was little difference in the germination rate of cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without removing the wax in Example 3; and in Comparative Example 1, the loss of seeds was caused by manually removing the wax. In contrast, the scheme of Example 3 is more cost-saving in production and improves the utilization rate of seeds; (3) Through the use of the method of the present invention in Examples 1 and 2, the germination rate of Idesia polycarpa can be stabilized at about 50%. Referring to 100 plants per square meter left in the nursery bed, strong germinated seedlings can be selected for final plant determination, which can promote the uniform growth of seedlings and increase the outplanting rate; (4) By comparing Example 1 and Comparative Example 3, after applying the self-made nutrient fertilizer, the seed germination rates are relatively close; The survival rates of the seedlings in Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 changed. The survival rate of the seedlings in Comparative Example 3 was 72.9%, and the survival rate of the seedlings in Example 1 was 77.3%. After applying the self-made nutrient fertilizer in Example 1, the survival rate of the seedlings increased by 4.4 percentage points; Under the same conditions of the remaining seedlings in the nursery, the outplanting rate of Comparative Example 3 was 55.5%, and the outplanting rate of Example 1 was 62.1%. The outplanting rate per unit of Example 1 increased by 6.6 percentage points; After comprehensive calculation, the average number of seedlings outplanted per mu in the nursery increased by about more than 3,000. Using the self-made nutrient fertilizer can greatly increase the outplanting rate of seedlings; (5) The seeds used in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were not treated according to Step 2) in Example 1, and their seedling survival rates were significantly lower than those of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 3. From this, it can be seen that Step 2) in Example 1 can not only ensure the germination rate and outplanting rate, but also provide nutrition for the Idesia polycarpa seeds and improve their seedling survival rates.

[0036] Comprehensive data comparison shows that preferably, a method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without wax removal can not only reduce the seed cost, but also increase the germination rate of Idesia polycarpa seeds, greatly reducing the production cost.

[0037] The above description of the specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and exemplification. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously, many changes and variations can be made according to the above teachings. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, the specific embodiments are only interpretations of the present invention and not limitations thereof. The specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical applications, so that those skilled in the art can, after reading this specification, make modifications, substitutions, variations, and various different selections and changes that do not make creative contributions to the embodiments as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: 1) Nursery preparation: One month before sowing, carry out soil preparation on the nursery. After soil preparation, conduct weeding. Before sowing, evenly spread quicklime to disinfect the soil. On the day of sowing, continue to mix and make the soil fine, prepare the seedbed, and water it thoroughly for standby; 2) Seed treatment: On the day of sowing, stir the Idesia polycarpa seeds with water and carbendazim. After wetting the seeds, use calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to mix the seeds for 5 minutes to ensure that each Idesia polycarpa seed is wrapped with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; 3) Sowing: Take the seeds processed in step 2) and evenly broadcast them on the nursery processed in step 1). After the broadcast is completed, gently turn the soil once with a fine-tooth rake, and cover it with a black film, and seal and compact it; 4) Pre-germination management: Before the Idesia polycarpa germinates, uncover the black film on the seedbed every 5 - 15 days to check the situation of the seedbed. When it is found that the Idesia polycarpa germinates, immediately uncover the film, remove the weeds, and carry out germination-stage management work; 5) Seedling stage management: Carry out seedbed management work, and pay attention to observing the growth of the seedlings. When the Idesia polycarpa seedlings grow to 4 leaves and 1 heart, prepare the nursery in advance according to step 1). Select a rainy day to carry out the work of thinning out the germinated seedlings, and control the density of the remaining germinated seedlings in the seedbed to 80 - 150 plants per square meter. Transplant the thinned Idesia polycarpa germinated seedlings to the newly prepared nursery at a plant spacing of 10 - 15 cm per plant, do a good job in shading and sun protection, and carry out seedling stage management work; 6) Seedling outplanting: Carry out sampling surveys for seedling outplanting. When more than 85% of the seedlings meet the seedling outplanting conditions, from December of the current year to the end of March of the next year, fully outplant the Idesia polycarpa seedlings.

2. The method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 2), the mass ratio of seeds: water: carbendazim: calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 5000:500:1:25000.

3. The method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 3), the seeding rate is 5 - 10 grams per square meter.

4. The method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing according to claim 1, wherein The calcium magnesium phosphate content of the selected calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer ≥ 18%. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer includes the following components in mass percentages: the total amount of CaO and MgO ≥ 25%, P2O5 ≥ 5%, SiO2 ≥ 20%; the pH value of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 7 - 9.

5. The method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing according to claim 1, characterized in that, Manual weeding is selected to be carried out on rainy days. After the weeds are removed, water the seedbed thoroughly and compact the seedlings intermittently.

6. A method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5), the remaining germinated seedlings in the seedbed should be healthy and evenly distributed in the nursery. The transplanted seedlings should be planted immediately after being lifted and the planting should be completed within 2 hours. After thinning, water thoroughly.

7. A method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5), in late June - July, apply self-made nutrient fertilizer to the seedbed. The application rate of the self-made fertilizer is 1 - 2 kg per square meter. The production steps of the self-made nutrient fertilizer are as follows: Mix the Idesia polycarpa fruit peel, urea, and water in a mass ratio of 25:1:10, and cover it with a film for fermentation for 30 - 60 days to obtain it.

8. A method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5), in August - September, when the Idesia polycarpa seedlings reach the required seedling height of 1-year-old outplanted seedlings, spray a dwarfing agent.

9. A method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dwarfing agent is selected to be a 15% paclobutrazol solution diluted with water for spraying, and the mass ratio of paclobutrazol: water is 1 - 1.2:1000.

10. The method for cultivating Idesia polycarpa seedlings without dewaxing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6), after fully outplanting the Idesia polycarpa seedlings, carry out the work of grading the seedlings to ensure that every 50 outplanted seedlings are bundled together, and plant them immediately after being lifted. The seedlings that do not meet the outplanting specifications should be promptly planted in the nursery at a plant spacing of 20 - 30 cm to cultivate large perennial Idesia polycarpa seedlings.

Images