Cultivation method for improving yield and quality of peas through cooperative regulation and control of photoperiod and boron

Abstract

The invention provides a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pea tips by means of photoperiod and boron coordinated regulation and control. The cultivation method comprises the following steps that S1, pea seeds are disinfected and aeroponically cultivated; s2, pea sprouting seeds with the root length of 2-6 cm are selected and further cultured; meanwhile, in the culture process, a basic nutrient solution comprises the following components: 2.5 mM of Ca (NO3) 2.4 H2O, 1 mM of KH2PO4, 1 mM of KCl, 2 mM of MgSO4. 7H2O, 2.0 mM of K2SO4, 50 [mu] M of FeSO4. 7H2O, 50 [mu] M of EDTA.Na2, 2 [mu] M of MnCl2, 4 [mu] M of ZnSO4. 7H2O, 0.5 [mu] M of CuSO4. 5H2O, 1 [mu] M of (NH4) 6Mo7O24. 4H2O, 25-50 [mu] M of H3BO3 and 1 [mu] M of KI; nutrient elements are applied according to the following steps: (1) a first nutrient solution is adopted in 1-3 days, and the concentration of all components in the first nutrient solution is 10-15% of that of a basic nutrient solution; (2) after 4-8 days, adopting a second nutrient solution, wherein the concentration of all components in the second nutrient solution is 28-38% of that of the basic nutrient solution; and (3) adopting a third nutrient solution in 9-15 days, wherein the concentration of all components in the third nutrient solution is 90-100% of that of the basic nutrient solution. The cultivation method can effectively improve the yield and quality of the pea tips.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and specifically relates to a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pea tips by synergistically regulating photoperiod and boron. Background Art

[0002] Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the second largest edible legume crop in the world. It is rich in nutrients, and its seeds, young pods, and young seedlings can all be eaten, having diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and stomach-strengthening effects; the carbohydrate and plant protein contents in pea seeds and young seedlings are relatively high, and it also contains abundant vitamins and minerals, and is an excellent source of dietary fiber; the stems and leaves can relieve summer heat, and can also be used as green manure, feed, or fuel. It has relatively high nutritional value and economic value.

[0003] Pea tips are the young shoots and young stems and leaves of peas, rich in nutrients such as sugar, vitamins, proteins, calcium, and phosphorus, as well as phytohormone substances such as isoflavones and coumarins, having good anti-cancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, and its abundant dietary fiber has the function of enhancing metabolism. Moreover, the taste of pea tips is fragrant, smooth, without tendons and residues. Its stems and leaves are tender, with a fragrant and smooth taste when eaten, a delicate and smooth texture, and a bright green color, being both delicious in color, aroma, and taste, so it is deeply loved by people. At the same time, the harvesting cycle of factory-cultured pea tips is short. They can be harvested 15 days after sowing, and then the top is removed to grow lateral branches every about 10 days for harvesting once. During the production process, there is no need for a large amount of fertilization and drug use. It is a high-quality, safe-to-eat, fast-growing, and pollution-free high-grade green vegetable, having relatively high nutritional value and economic value.

[0004] However, the research on pea cultivation techniques in China is not deep enough, and currently, the yield and quality of factory-cultured peas are relatively low, making it difficult to meet people's demands for pea tips and other pea products.

[0005] In view of this, further in-depth research in the direction of pea cultivation techniques and the development of a cultivation method for increasing the yield of pea tips play an important role in driving farmers' income increase and promoting rural revitalization. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the problems and deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pea tips by synergistically regulating photoperiod and boron. This cultivation method can effectively increase the yield of pea tips, and at the same time can meet various demands such as sweetness requirements, and relevant cultivation conditions can be adjusted according to actual demands. Therefore, it can also effectively improve the quality of pea tips. Therefore, the cultivation method provided by the present invention plays an important role in increasing farmers' income and promoting rural revitalization.

[0007] According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pea tips by synergistically regulating photoperiod and boron, comprising the following steps: S1. Disinfecting and mist-culturing pea seeds; S2. Selecting pea germinated seeds with a root length of 2-6 cm for further cultivation; meanwhile, during the cultivation process, the basic nutrient solution comprises the following components: Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 2.5 mM, KH2PO4 1 mM, KCl 1 mM, MgSO4·7H2O 2 mM, K2SO4 2 mM, FeSO4·7H2O 50 μM, EDTA·Na2 50 μM, MnCl2 2 μM, ZnSO4·7H2O 4 μM, CuSO4·5H2O 0.5 μM, (NH4)6Mo7O 24 ·4H2O 1 μM, H3BO3 25-50 μM, KI 1 μM; applying nutrient elements according to the following steps: (1) Using the first nutrient solution for 1-3 days, and the concentration of all components in the first nutrient solution is 10-15% of the basic nutrient solution; (2) Using the second nutrient solution for 4-8 days, and the concentration of all components in the second nutrient solution is 28-38% of the basic nutrient solution; (3) Using the third nutrient solution for 9-15 days, and the concentration of all components in the third nutrient solution is 90-100% of the basic nutrient solution.

[0008] To meet people's demands for the yield and taste of pea tips, using hydroponic technology to cultivate pea tips is currently an economical and effective way. Hydroponic technology has advantages such as a clean and tidy environment, a short growth cycle, simple operation, precise control, good quality and taste.

[0009] However, in the current hydroponic technology for pea tips, the yield is still relatively low, resulting in a high price of pea tips and unable to well meet people's demands for pea tips. And there is also less production and cultivation of high-quality pea tips, such as pea tips with high sweetness.

[0010] In the process of cultivating pea tips, the present invention can effectively increase the yield of pea tips by controlling a specific photoperiod and applying a nutrient solution with a specific composition and containing boron, which is beneficial to meeting the yield demand for pea tips. Specifically, firstly, introducing a specific concentration of boron element and other element combinations, especially introducing the relevant nutrient components in the form of specific materials such as the above salts, can give full play to the interaction between boron and other components, producing a good synergistic effect. Therefore, it can promote root development, facilitate the better absorption of water and nutrients by pea tips, and is beneficial to obtaining high-quality pea tips. In particular, the above-mentioned specific boron-containing nutrient solution can also affect the activity of some key enzymes in photosynthesis, improve the photosynthesis efficiency, promote the synthesis of organic substances, and improve the taste of pea tips, etc. Especially during the application of the nutrient solution, the present invention divides the nutrient solution into multiple different concentrations, which can better meet the nutrient requirements of peas at different growth stages, avoid the problems of nutrient deficiency or excess, and thus promote the healthy growth and high yield of the plants (both nutrient deficiency and excess of pea tips will have an adverse impact on their growth and development, and further affect the healthy growth and high yield of the plants, that is, affect the yield, quality, taste, etc. of pea tips). Among them, peas are in the germination period from 1 to 3 days, the roots have not yet developed, and the nutrient demand is extremely low. Using a nutrient solution with a concentration of 10-15% can avoid nutrient excess and at the same time provide basic nutrient support for the further germination of seeds and the initial growth of seedlings. Peas enter the seedling stage from 4 to 8 days, the roots begin to develop, and the nutrient demand gradually increases; using a nutrient solution with a concentration of 28-38% can meet the initial nutrient requirements of the plants and promote the rapid growth of roots and stems and leaves. Peas enter the vigorous growth period from 9 to 15 days, and the nutrient demand reaches a peak; using a nutrient solution with a concentration of 90-100% can fully meet the demand of the plants for macronutrients and micronutrients, promote the healthy growth of the plants, and obtain a higher yield and quality of pea tips.

[0011] Moreover, the specific nutrient solution formula and the specific nutrient solution concentration at different stages provided above are more suitable for the hydroponic cultivation of pea tips. In particular, multiple components can interact with each other to further promote the root growth and the growth above the roots of hydroponic pea tips, meeting the growth nutrient requirements of peas at each stage to the greatest extent. That is, it can enrich the root development to further improve the lodging resistance of pea tips, reducing the situation of pea tips dying or having poor growth due to lodging, and at the same time, it can promote the growth of pea tips above the roots to increase the yield and quality of pea tips. Second, the change of photoperiod will affect physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, metabolite and hormone synthesis of plants, and these physiological processes will in turn affect the absorption and utilization of boron and other nutrient elements. Therefore, controlling a specific photoperiod can ensure the balance of various physiological processes during the growth of peas, which is beneficial to the uniform growth of organs such as the stems and leaves of pea tips, with normal morphology, uniform leaf size, regular shape, bright green and shiny color, uniform thickness of the stems and vines, tender texture, increasing the yield and quality of pea tips, making them more competitive in the market and obtaining greater economic benefits. In the photoperiod defined by the present invention, the light exposure time is relatively long. As the light exposure time extends, the photosynthesis of pea tips is enhanced, which can further promote the absorption of boron and other nutrient elements and the generation of organic substances, thereby promoting the growth of pea tips, being more conducive to the growth of the branches and leaves of pea tips, increasing the leaf area and the number of leaves, and thus being beneficial to increasing the yield of pea tips. Therefore, the above-mentioned combination of specific light exposure time and dark time is more conducive to obtaining pea tips with higher yields. And through relevant experimental verification, under such photoperiod conditions, the biomass such as the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, total leaf area, perimeter of a single leaf, and area of a single leaf of pea seedlings of pea tips has greater advantages, that is, the edible amount of pea tips is the largest, which is more advantageous in terms of yield, can also improve the harvest, promote the development of agriculture, increase farmers' income, and is beneficial to the healthy development of agriculture.

[0012] Moreover, the pea tips cultivated by using the method provided by the present invention have higher stress resistance and disease resistance, can promote the stability of biological membranes and the activity of enzymes, enabling pea tips to better cope with adverse environments. At the same time, it can further strengthen the cell wall structure of pea tips, making the cell wall more solid, forming a physical barrier to prevent the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, reducing the incidence rate, reducing the amount of pesticides used, and ensuring the yield and quality of pea tips.

[0013] Preferably, in S2, select pea germinated seeds with a root length of 3 - 4 cm.

[0014] Preferably, in the basic nutrient solution, the concentration of boric acid is 50 μM.

[0015] Preferably, the pH of the basic nutrient solution is 5 - 6.5.

[0016] Preferably, in S2, the light source includes at least one of natural light and white light; the light intensity is 60 - 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 .

[0017] Preferably, the light source includes LED white light.

[0018] Preferably, the light intensity is 100 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 .

[0019] In an alternative embodiment, during the cultivation process, the light cycle applied is as follows: 16 h of light and 8 h of dark cycle. By controlling the combination of the specific light time and dark time, through relevant experimental verification, such a light cycle is more conducive to the increase in the soluble sugar content in pea seedlings (pea tips), which means that the pea tips have a higher sweetness. It can be used for the production of high-sweetness pea tips in a plant factory, and can also improve the product quality of pea tips and is beneficial to improving economic benefits, promoting the healthy and sustainable development of agriculture.

[0020] Preferably, during the cultivation process, nutrient elements are applied according to the following steps: (1) Use the first nutrient solution for 1 - 3 days, and the concentration of all components in the first nutrient solution is 12.5% of the basic nutrient solution; (2) Use the second nutrient solution for 4 - 8 days, and the concentration of all components in the second nutrient solution is 33.3% of the basic nutrient solution; (3) Use the third nutrient solution for 9 - 15 days, and the concentration of all components in the third nutrient solution is the same as that of the basic nutrient solution.

[0021] Preferably, during the cultivation process, the first nutrient solution or the second nutrient solution or the third nutrient solution is replaced every 3 - 7 days.

[0022] Preferably, during the cultivation process, the nutrient solution is replaced every 5 days.

[0023] Preferably, during the cultivation process, the temperature is controlled at 20 - 27 °C and the humidity is controlled at 70% - 80%. Maintaining a specific temperature and humidity is more conducive to the efficient progress of physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration of pea tips, promoting the growth and development of plants, making their leaves green and stems thick, and improving the taste of pea tips. At the same time, it can reduce the probability of pests and diseases and improve the quality and yield of pea tips.

[0024] Preferably, the specific operation of the disinfection process is: soak the pea seeds in the disinfectant solution for 15 - 60 min, and then wash them with sterile ultrapure water;

[0025] The specific operation of the aeroponic culture process is as follows: Soak the disinfected pea seeds in a 0.3 - 0.7 mM CaCl2 solution for 8 - 15 h under darkroom conditions at 20 - 27°C. After the seeds imbibe water, transfer them to aeroponic culture, and culture the pea seeds under the condition of a 0.3 - 0.7 mM CaCl2 solution.

[0026] Preferably, during the disinfection process, the disinfectant solution includes 5 - 10% sodium hypochlorite. Preferably, during the disinfection process, the disinfectant solution includes 7.5% sodium hypochlorite.

[0027] Preferably, the aeroponic culture time is 24 - 48 h.

[0028] Preferably, the specific operation of the disinfection process is: Soak the pea seeds in 7.5% sodium hypochlorite for 30 min, and then wash them with sterile ultrapure water until there is no residual sodium hypochlorite.

[0029] The specific operation of the aeroponic culture process is as follows: Soak the pea seeds in a 0.5 mM CaCl2 solution for 10 h under darkroom conditions at 24°C. After the seeds imbibe water, transfer them to aeroponic culture, and culture the pea seeds in a 0.5 mM CaCl2 solution for 36 h. "7.5%" in 7.5% sodium hypochlorite refers to the mass fraction.

[0030] Preferably, during the disinfection process, remove the seeds with damaged seed coats and contaminated seeds.

[0031] Preferably, during the aeroponic culture process, remove the unhealthy peas again.

[0032] According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cultivation method for synergistically regulating and enhancing the yield and quality of pea products by using photoperiod and boron, which is characterized by including the following steps: S1. Disinfect and perform aeroponic culture on pea seeds; S2. Select pea germinated seeds with a root length of 2 - 6 cm for further cultivation; during the cultivation process, the applied photoperiod is as follows: 20 h of light and 4 h of darkness in a cycle;

[0033] Meanwhile, during the cultivation process, the nutrient solution includes the following components: Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 2.5 mM, KH2PO4 1 mM, KCl 1 mM, MgSO4·7H2O 2 mM, K2SO4 2 mM, FeSO4·7H2O 50 μM, EDTA·Na2 50 μM, MnCl2 2 μM, ZnSO4·7H2O 4 μM, CuSO4·5H2O 0.5 μM, (NH4)6Mo7O 24· 4H2O 1 μM, H3BO3 25 - 50 μM, KI 1 μM; Apply nutrient elements according to the following steps: (1) Use the first nutrient solution for 1 - 3 days, and the concentration of all components in the first nutrient solution is 10 - 15% of the basic nutrient solution; (2) Use the second nutrient solution for 4 - 8 days, and the concentration of all components in the second nutrient solution is 28 - 38% of the basic nutrient solution; (3) Use the third nutrient solution for 9 - 15 days, and the concentration of all components in the third nutrient solution is 90 - 100% of the basic nutrient solution; (4) Use the fourth nutrient solution for 15 - 25 days, and the concentration of all components in the fourth nutrient solution is 90 - 100% of the basic nutrient solution; (5) Use the fifth nutrient solution for 25 - 50 days, and the concentration of all components in the fifth nutrient solution is 120 - 180% of the basic nutrient solution.

[0034] Furthermore, in addition to the same (1) - (3) stages as before, in order to improve the edible rate of pea products, after pea tip picking or at the end of stage (3), further cultivation is carried out. Among them, peas are still in the vigorous growth stage from 15 - 25 days, and the nutritional requirements are still at a peak. Using a 90 - 100% nutrient solution can fully meet the plant's requirements for macronutrients and micronutrients, promoting the healthy growth, flowering, and fruiting of the plant. Peas enter the flowering and fruiting stage from 25 - 50 days, and the nutritional requirements further increase. Using a 120 - 180% concentration of nutrient solution can meet the plant's high nutritional requirements, promoting fruit development and yield increase.

[0035] Preferably, during the cultivation process, apply nutrient elements according to the following steps: (1) Use the first nutrient solution for 1 - 3 days, and the concentration of all components in the first nutrient solution is 12.5% of the basic nutrient solution; (2) Use the second nutrient solution for 4 - 8 days, and the concentration of all components in the second nutrient solution is 33.3% of the basic nutrient solution; (3) Use the third nutrient solution for 9 - 15 days, and the concentration of all components in the third nutrient solution is the same as that of the basic nutrient solution; (4) Use the fourth nutrient solution for 15 - 25 days, and the concentration of all components in the fourth nutrient solution is the same as that of the basic nutrient solution; (5) Use the fifth nutrient solution for 25 - 50 days, and the concentration of all components in the fifth nutrient solution is 120 - 180% of the basic nutrient solution.

[0036] Preferably, during the cultivation process, replace the first nutrient solution or the second nutrient solution or the third nutrient solution or the fourth nutrient solution or the fifth nutrient solution every 3 - 7 days.

[0037] Preferably, during the cultivation process, control the temperature at 20 - 27 °C and the humidity at 70% - 80%. Maintaining a specific temperature and humidity is more conducive to the efficient progress of physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration of pea tips, promoting the growth and development of the plant, making its leaves green and stems thick, improving the taste of pea tips and other pea products. At the same time, it can reduce the probability of pests and diseases, improving the quality and yield of pea tips and other pea products.

[0038] Preferably, the specific operation of the disinfection process is as follows: the pea seeds are soaked in the disinfectant solution for 15 - 60 min, and then washed with sterile ultrapure water;

[0039] The specific operation of the aeroponics process is as follows: the disinfected pea seeds are soaked in a 0.3 - 0.7 mM CaCl2 solution for 8 - 15 h under darkroom conditions at 20 - 27 °C. After the seeds imbibe water, they are transferred to aeroponics, and the pea seeds are aeroponically cultured under the condition of a 0.3 - 0.7 mM CaCl2 solution.

[0040] Preferably, during the disinfection process, the disinfectant solution includes 5 - 10% sodium hypochlorite. Preferably, during the disinfection process, the disinfectant solution includes 7.5% sodium hypochlorite.

[0041] Preferably, the aeroponics time is 24 - 48 h.

[0042] Preferably, the specific operation of the disinfection process is as follows: the pea seeds are soaked in 7.5% sodium hypochlorite for 30 min, and then washed with sterile ultrapure water until there is no residual sodium hypochlorite;

[0043] The specific operation of the aeroponics process is as follows: the pea seeds are soaked in a 0.5 mM CaCl2 solution for 10 h under darkroom conditions at 24 °C. After the seeds imbibe water, they are transferred to aeroponics, and the pea seeds are aeroponically cultured in a 0.5 mM CaCl2 solution for 36 h. "7.5%" in 7.5% sodium hypochlorite refers to the mass fraction.

[0044] Preferably, during the disinfection process, the seeds with damaged seed coats and contaminated seeds are removed.

[0045] Preferably, during the aeroponics process, the unhealthy peas are removed again.

[0046] It should be noted here that in the cultivation method of pea tips or pea products provided by the present invention, the young pea seedlings can be eaten 1 - 3 days after the pea cultivation; the tender pea tips can be pinched and eaten 12 - 15 days later. Further, the tender pea pods can be eaten after continuing to cultivate for 25 days; the peas can be eaten by shelling the pods after 35 days; the pea seeds can be harvested after 50 days. Therefore, this cultivation method can achieve the rapid growth of peas in a short period, especially greatly improving the yield and quality of pea tips, and can better meet people's needs. Moreover, after harvesting the pea tips, it can be further cultivated according to actual needs, and the tender pea pods, peas, and pea seeds can also be eaten, ensuring that all growth stages of peas can be eaten or used to the greatest extent, and improving the utilization rate of peas for eating or use. Description of the Drawings

[0047] Figure 1 It is an actual sample of the pea plant (or pea seedlings) after 15 days of pea cultivation in Example 1.

[0048] Figure 2 Statistical chart of the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight of pea plants (or pea seedlings) after 15 days of pea cultivation in Example 1.

[0049] Figure 3 Picture of the leaf size of pea plants (or pea seedlings) after 15 days of pea cultivation in Example 1.

[0050] Figure 4 Statistical chart of the perimeter and area of a single leaf of pea plants (or pea seedlings) after 15 days of pea cultivation in Example 1.

[0051] Figure 5 Reference diagram for dividing the upper, middle, and lower parts of pea plants (or pea seedlings).

[0052] Figure 6 Statistical chart of the soluble sugar content of pea plants (or pea seedlings) after 15 days of pea cultivation in Example 1.

[0053] Figure 7 Statistical chart of the nitrate content of pea seedlings (or pea seedlings) after 15 days of pea cultivation in Example 1. Detailed implementation method

[0054] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] The cultivation steps of peas or pea tips in this example are as follows:

[0057] S1. Disinfect and perform aeroponic cultivation on pea seeds; the specific operation is as follows: soak the Zhongwan No. 6 (Pisum Sativum cvZW6) pea seeds in 7.5% sodium hypochlorite for 30 minutes for disinfection, and wash them with sterile ultrapure water until there is no residual hypochlorous acid; during the disinfection process, remove the seeds with damaged seed coats and contaminated seeds, and remove the unhealthy peas again during the subsequent aeroponic cultivation process; after disinfection, soak the seeds in a 0.5 mM CaCl2 solution in a dark room at 24°C for 10 hours, and transfer them to aeroponic cultivation after the seeds have swelled, specifically, the seeds are aeroponically cultivated in a 0.5 mM CaCl2 solution for 36 hours;

[0058] S2. After aeroponic cultivation, select the peas with a root length of 3 - 4 cm and transfer them to a nutrient solution (pH 5.5) for cultivation at 24°C, 75% relative humidity, and a light intensity (LED white light) of 100 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 Cultivation.

[0059] In this experiment, three boron levels, namely 35 μM H3BO3 (low boron), 50 μM H3BO3 (low boron), and 70 μM H3BO3 (high boron), and four photoperiods (8 h light / 16 h dark, 12 h light / 12 h dark, 16 h light / 8 h dark, 20 h light / 4 h dark) were set for treatment. The boron source was boric acid (H3BO3), a white crystalline powder with weak acidity.

[0060] During the cultivation of pea tips or pea products, the basic nutrient solution included the following components: Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 2.5 mM, KH2PO4 1 mM, KCl 1 mM, MgSO4·7H2O 2 mM, K2SO4 2 mM, FeSO4·7H2O 50 μM, EDTA·Na2 50 μM, MnCl2 2 μM, ZnSO4·7H2O 4 μM, CuSO4·5H2O 0.5 μM, (NH4)6Mo7O 24 ·4H2O 1 μM, H3BO 25 - 50 μM, KI 1 μM; The nutrient elements were applied according to the following steps:

[0061] (1) From 1 to 3 days, the first nutrient solution was used, and the concentration of all components in the first nutrient solution was 12.5% of the basic nutrient solution;

[0062] (2) From 4 to 8 days, the second nutrient solution was used, and the concentration of all components in the second nutrient solution was 33.3% of the basic nutrient solution;

[0063] (3) From 9 to 15 days, the third nutrient solution was used, and the concentration of all components in the third nutrient solution was the same as that of the basic nutrient solution;

[0064] (4) From 15 to 25 days, the fourth nutrient solution was used, and the concentration of all components in the fourth nutrient solution was the same as that of the basic nutrient solution;

[0065] (5) From 25 to 50 days, the fifth nutrient solution was used, and the concentration of all components in the fifth nutrient solution was 120 - 180% of the basic nutrient solution.

[0066] In this experiment, phenotypic pictures were taken after 15 days, and samples were taken to measure plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, soluble sugar content, and nitrate content. Plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight can be measured and recorded according to conventional methods. Each set of data was measured 5 times and the average value was taken. The test method for soluble sugar content (using the anthrone colorimetric method) is as follows:

[0067] (1) Sample preparation: Take 0.1 g of fresh leaves, grind them and add 5 mL of distilled water, then place in a water bath at 80 °C for 30 minutes; centrifuge (4000 rpm, 10 minutes) and take the supernatant; (2) Reaction: Take 0.1 mL of the supernatant, add 0.9 mL of distilled water and 4 mL of anthrone reagent (0.2% anthrone sulfuric acid solution); boil in a water bath for 10 minutes, cool and measure the absorbance at 620 nm; (3) Making a standard curve and calculation: Use a glucose standard solution to draw a standard curve; calculate the soluble sugar content according to the standard curve.

[0068] The test method for nitrate content (using the salicylic acid colorimetric method) is as follows:

[0069] (1) Sample preparation: Take 0.1 g of fresh leaves, grind them and add 5 mL of distilled water, then place in a water bath at 80 °C for 30 minutes; centrifuge (4000 rpm, 10 minutes) and take the supernatant; (2) Reaction: Take 0.1 mL of the supernatant, add 0.4 mL of 5% salicylic acid - sulfuric acid solution, react at room temperature for 20 minutes; add 9.5 mL of 8% NaOH solution, mix well and measure the absorbance at 410 nm. (3) Making a standard curve and calculation: Use a potassium nitrate standard solution to draw a standard curve and calculate the nitrate content according to the standard curve.

[0070] And in this embodiment, several test groups were divided to analyze the growth status of peas or pea tips, specifically as follows:

[0071] Test Group 1:

[0072] (1) Set three boron levels (25 μM H3BO3, 30 μM H3BO3, 50 μM H3BO3) for treatment and 4 photoperiods (8 h light / 16 h dark, 12 h light / 12 h dark, 16 h light / 8 h dark, 20 h light / 4 h dark) for treatment. After 15 days, take pictures of the actual samples of pea plants and measure and record the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight of the pea plants.

[0073] Among them, regarding the actual samples of pea plants as Figure 1 shown, the relevant results of plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight are as Figure 2 shown. From Figure 1 and Figure 2 it can be seen that by statistically analyzing the biomass of pea seedlings, it is found that with the increase of boron level and the extension of photoperiod, the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and total leaf area of pea seedlings show a gradient increase. The boron levels of 25 μM, 30 μM, and 50 μM under the 20 h light / 4 h dark photoperiod are significantly higher than those of pea seedlings cultured under the 8 h light / 16 h dark photoperiod; and reach the maximum value under the 20 h light / 4 h dark photoperiod. It shows that the edible area of pea seedlings treated under the 20 h light / 4 h dark photoperiod is the largest, which is beneficial to achieving a greater yield.

[0074] (2) Further, the leaf sizes of pea plants with the same boron concentration (B 50 μM) + different photoperiod treatments (8 h light / 16 h dark, 12 h light / 12 h dark, 16 h light / 8 h dark, 20 h light / 4 h dark) after 15 d were observed, and the results are as Figure 3 shown. It can be found that the leaves under 20 h light / 4 h dark are the largest, that is, the edible area is the largest.

[0075] (3) Further, the single leaf perimeters and single leaf areas of pea plants treated with three boron levels (25 μM H3BO3 (low boron), 30 μM H3BO3 (low boron), 50 μM H3BO3 (high boron)) and 4 photoperiods (8 h light / 16 h dark, 12 h light / 12 h dark, 16 h light / 8 h dark, 20 h light / 4 h dark) were measured and statistically analyzed. The statistical results are as Figure 4 shown. It can be found that with the increase in boron level and the extension of photoperiod, the single leaf perimeters and single leaf areas of pea seedlings show a gradient increase. The boron levels of 25 μM, 30 μM, and 50 μM under the long-day photoperiod of 20 h light / 4 h dark are significantly higher than those of pea seedlings cultured under the photoperiod of 8 h light / 16 h dark; and they reach the maximum value under the photoperiod of 20 h light / 4 h dark.

[0076] In summary, combining the biomass statistics such as the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, total leaf area, single leaf perimeter, and single leaf area of pea seedlings, it shows that the edible rate of pea seedlings is the largest under the long-day photoperiod of 20 h light / 4 h dark, which is more conducive to increasing the yield of pea tips, meeting people's needs and promoting agricultural development.

[0077] Test Group 2:

[0078] Three boron levels (25 μM H3BO3 (low boron), 30 H3BO3 (low boron), 50 μM H3BO3 (high boron)) and 4 photoperiods (8 h light / 16 h dark, 12 h light / 12 h dark, 16 h light / 8 h dark, 20 h light / 4 h dark) were set. After 15 d, the soluble sugar contents of the upper and middle parts of pea plants were tested. Among them, the division of the upper, middle, and lower parts of pea plants refers to Figure 5 .

[0079] The results are as Figure 6 shown. With the increase in boron level and the extension of photoperiod, the soluble sugar contents of 25 μM and 50 μM are the highest under the photoperiod of 16 h light / 8 h dark; the changes in the soluble sugar contents of pea seedlings at each boron level under the photoperiod of 20 h light / 4 h dark are the most stable (the content is not low either).

[0080] Therefore, it can be concluded that the sweetness of pea tips is high under the 16h light / 8h dark photoperiod, and they can be used for the production of pea tips with high sweetness in a plant factory. Pea tips with high sweetness have a higher price, which is beneficial to increasing farmers' income.

[0081] Test Group 3:

[0082] Three boron levels (25 μM H3BO3 (low boron), 30 μM H3BO3 (low boron), 50 μM H3BO3 (high boron)) and four photoperiods (8h light / 16h dark, 12h light / 12h dark, 16h light / 8h dark, 20h light / 4h dark) were set for treatment. After 15 days, the nitrate content in the upper and middle parts of the pea plants was measured. Among them, the division of the upper, middle, and lower parts of the pea plants refers to Figure 5 .

[0083] The results are as Figure 7 shown. It can be seen that insufficient light may lead to an increase in nitrate accumulation. Prolonging the light time can promote the metabolism and transformation of nitrates, and reduce the nitrate content in plants. This is because increasing the light time will promote photosynthesis and improve the activity of nitrate reductase, thus accelerating the conversion of nitrates to ammonium nitrogen and reducing the accumulation of nitrates in plants. The light time can be adjusted by artificial supplementary lighting in a plant factory to optimize nitrate metabolism and improve the quality of vegetables.

[0084] However, the nitrate content in pea plants is relatively low, belonging to one of the vegetable categories with a low nitrate content. The nitrate content in vegetables can be effectively reduced through treatment methods such as washing and blanching.

[0085] Comparative Example 1

[0086] This comparative example refers to the cultivation steps of peas or pea tips in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the nutrient solution does not contain H3BO3, the photoperiod is 20h light / 4h dark, and only one group is set. The remaining cultivation steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0087] After culturing for 15 days, the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight of the pea plants were measured and recorded. It was found that boron deficiency would significantly inhibit the growth of pea plants, manifested as a decrease in plant height, a reduction in leaf area, a decrease in fresh weight and dry weight, and at the same time accompanied by obvious symptoms such as apical growth stagnation, leaf deformity, and poor root development. Therefore, in the nutrient solution cultivation of peas, boron is an indispensable trace element, and its appropriate supply needs to be ensured to maintain normal growth and development.

[0088] Comparative Example 2

[0089] This comparative example refers to the cultivation steps of peas or pea tips in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the concentration of H3BO3 in the nutrient solution is 15 μM, the photoperiod is 20 h light / 4 h dark, and only one group is set. The remaining cultivation steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0090] After culturing for 15 days, the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight of the pea plants were measured and recorded. It was found that the low-boron nutrient solution would cause certain inhibition of the growth of pea plants, manifested as reduced plant height, decreased leaf area, and decreased fresh weight and dry weight. At the same time, there were symptoms such as slight apical growth inhibition, leaf deformation, and poor root development. Although the impact of low boron was not as severe as that of complete boron deficiency, it would still significantly reduce the growth potential and yield of peas.

[0091] Comparative Example 3

[0092] After culturing for 15 days, this comparative example refers to the cultivation steps of peas or pea tips in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the concentration of H3BO3 in the nutrient solution is 60 μM, the photoperiod is 20 h light / 4 h dark, and only one group is set. The remaining cultivation steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0093] The plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight of the pea plants were measured and recorded. It was found that excessive boron would have a toxic effect on the pea plants, manifested as reduced plant height, decreased leaf area, and decreased fresh weight and dry weight. At the same time, there were symptoms such as scorched leaf margins, poor root development, and plant dwarfing. Therefore, in hydroponic cultivation, it is necessary to strictly control the concentration of boron elements to avoid excessive supply to ensure the normal growth and development of peas.

[0094] Comparative Example 4

[0095] This comparative example refers to the cultivation steps of peas or pea tips in Example 1. The difference from Example 1 is that the concentration of H3BO3 in the nutrient solution is 50 μM, and the treatment is full darkness without light, and only one group is set. The remaining cultivation steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0096] After culturing for 15 days, the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight of the pea plants were measured and recorded. It was found that in a completely dark environment, the pea plants would show phenomena such as leggy growth, yellowing, poor leaf development, and restricted root growth. At the same time, the plant height increased (leggy growth), but the leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight were significantly reduced. Moreover, long-term darkness would cause the plants to die due to energy depletion. Therefore, light is a necessary condition for the normal growth and development of peas, and sufficient light must be provided to support its photosynthesis and energy metabolism.

[0097] Comparative Example 5

[0098] This comparative example is different from Example 1 in that potassium iodide is not contained in the added nutrient solution, and only one group is set. The remaining cultivation steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0099] After culturing for 15 days, the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight of the pea plants were measured and recorded. It was found that the lack of iodine due to the absence of potassium iodide led to a slight slowdown in the growth rate of the pea plants, and the lack of iodine caused a slight decrease in the chlorophyll content in the leaves, manifested as slight yellowing of the leaves. Eventually, the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight all decreased. This shows that potassium iodide participates in metabolic regulation and promotes the growth and development of peas together with other nutrient elements, affecting the yield and quality of pea tips and other pea products.

[0100] Comparative Example 6

[0101] This comparative example is different from Example 1 in that potassium iodide and sodium molybdate are not contained in the added nutrient solution, and only one group is set. The remaining cultivation steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0102] After culturing for 15 days, the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight of the pea plants were measured and recorded. It was found that the absence of potassium iodide and sodium molybdate would lead to a decrease in the yield and quality of the pea plants, manifested as a decrease in plant height, a reduction in leaf area, and a decrease in fresh weight and dry weight. The main reason is that the lack of molybdenum affects nitrogen metabolism and the fruiting process, and the lack of iodine may indirectly affect the stress resistance and metabolic regulation of the plants. Moreover, there are specific interactions among different nutrient elements, and only under their combined action can the growth and development of peas be further promoted, and the yield and quality of pea tips and other pea products be improved.

[0103] Comparative Example 7

[0104] This comparative example is different from Example 1 in that during the cultivation and growth process, (2) from 4 to 8 days, the concentrations of all components in the second nutrient solution were 60% of the basic nutrient solution; only one group was set. The remaining cultivation steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0105] After 15 days of cultivation, the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight of pea plants were measured and recorded. It was found that (2) when the concentrations of all components in the second nutrient solution were 60% of the basic nutrient solution from 4 to 8 days, it would also lead to a decrease in the yield and quality of pea plants, manifested as a decrease in plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight. The main reason is that when the concentrations of all components in the second nutrient solution were 60% of the basic nutrient solution from 4 to 8 days, it caused nutrient excess, which in turn had multiple adverse effects on pea growth. For example, it caused osmotic stress, inhibited the normal absorption of water and nutrients by roots, disrupted ion balance, and triggered specific element toxicity; it interfered with the metabolic process, resulting in a decrease in photosynthetic efficiency and hindrance of carbon assimilation, inhibited the activity of key enzymes, and affected protein synthesis and nitrogen metabolism. These factors would ultimately jointly lead to problems such as slow plant growth, leaf yellowing, and reduced biomass, and finally manifested as a decrease in the number of pods and unfilled seeds, etc., in terms of yield and quality decline.

[0106] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified or equivalently replaced, but these modifications or replacements are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pea tips by synergistically regulating with photoperiod and boron, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Disinfect and conduct aeroponic cultivation on pea seeds; S2. Select pea germinated seeds with a root length of 2 - 6 cm for further cultivation; during the cultivation process, the applied photoperiod is as follows: 20 h of light and 4 h of darkness in a cycle; Meanwhile, during the cultivation process, the basal nutrient solution comprises the following components: Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 2.5 mM, KH2PO4 1 mM, KCl 1 mM, MgSO4·7H2O 2 mM, K2SO4 2.0 mM, FeSO4·7H2O 50 μM, EDTA·Na2 50 μM, MnCl2 2 μM, ZnSO4·7H2O 4 μM, CuSO4·5H2O 0.5 μM, (NH4)6Mo7O 24 ·4H2O 1 μM, H3BO3 25 - 50 μM, KI 1 μM; The nutrient elements are applied according to the following steps: (1) From 1 - 3 d, use the first nutrient solution, and the concentration of all components in the first nutrient solution is 10 - 15% of the basic nutrient solution; (2) From 4 - 8 d, use the second nutrient solution, and the concentration of all components in the second nutrient solution is 28 - 38% of the basic nutrient solution; (3) From 9 - 15 d, use the third nutrient solution, and the concentration of all components in the third nutrient solution is 90 - 100% of the basic nutrient solution.

2. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pea tips by synergistically regulating with photoperiod and boron as described in claim 1, wherein: During the cultivation process, apply nutrient elements according to the following steps: (1) From 1 - 3 d, use the first nutrient solution, and the concentration of all components in the first nutrient solution is 12.5% of the basic nutrient solution; (2) From 4 - 8 d, use the second nutrient solution, and the concentration of all components in the second nutrient solution is 33.3% of the basic nutrient solution; (3) From 9 - 15 d, use the third nutrient solution, and the concentration of all components in the third nutrient solution is the same as that of the basic nutrient solution.

3. The cultivation method for synergistically regulating and enhancing the yield and quality of pea tips by using photoperiod and boron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In the step S2, select the pea germinated seeds with a root length of 3 - 4 cm.

4. The method for preventing and controlling plant aphids according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the basic nutrient solution, the concentration of boric acid is 50 μM.

5. The method for preventing and controlling plant aphids according to claim 1, wherein The pH of the basic culture solution is 5 - 6.

5.

6. The cultivation method for synergistically regulating and enhancing the yield and quality of pea tips by using photoperiod and boron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: In S2, the light source includes at least one of natural light and white light; the light intensity is 60 to 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 .

7. The cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pea tips by synergistically regulating with photoperiod and boron as described in claim 1, characterized in that: During the cultivation process, replace the first nutrient solution or the second nutrient solution or the third nutrient solution every 3 - 7 days.

8. The cultivation method for synergistically regulating and enhancing the yield and quality of pea tips by using photoperiod and boron as claimed in claim 1, wherein: During the cultivation process, control the temperature at 20 - 27 °C and the humidity at 70% - 80%.

9. The cultivation method for synergistically regulating and enhancing the yield and quality of pea tips by using photoperiod and boron as claimed in claim 1, wherein The specific operation of the disinfection process is: soak the pea seeds in the disinfectant solution for 15 - 60 min, and then wash them with sterile ultrapure water; The specific operation of the aeroponic cultivation process is: soak the disinfected pea seeds in a 0.3 - 0.7 mM CaCl2 solution for 8 - 15 h under the dark room condition at 20 - 27 °C, and transfer them to aeroponic cultivation after the seeds imbibe, and conduct aeroponic cultivation on the pea seeds under the condition of 0.3 - 0.7 mM CaCl2 solution.

10. A cultivation method for improving the yield and quality of pea products by synergistically regulating with photoperiod and boron, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Disinfect and conduct aeroponic cultivation on pea seeds; S2. Select pea germinated seeds with a root length of 2 - 6 cm for further cultivation; During the cultivation process, the applied photoperiod is as follows: 20 h of light and 4 h of darkness in a cycle; Meanwhile, during the cultivation process, the basic nutrient solution comprises the following components: Ca(NO3)2·4H2O 2.5 mM, KH2PO4 1 mM, KCl 1 mM, MgSO4·7H2O 2 mM, K2SO4 2.0 mM, FeSO4·7H2O 50 μM, EDTA·Na2 50 μM, MnCl2 2 μM, ZnSO4·7H2O 4 μM, CuSO4·5H2O 0.5 μM, (NH4)6Mo7O 24 ·4H2O 1 μM, H3BO3 25 - 50 μM, KI 1 μM; The nutrient elements are applied according to the following steps: (1) From 1 - 3 d, use the first nutrient solution, and the concentration of all components in the first nutrient solution is 10 - 15% of the basic nutrient solution; (2) From 4 - 8 d, use the second nutrient solution, and the concentration of all components in the second nutrient solution is 28 - 38% of the basic nutrient solution; (3) From 9 to 15 days, the third nutrient solution is used, and the concentration of all components in the third nutrient solution is 90-100% of the basic nutrient solution; (4) From 15 to 25 days, the fourth nutrient solution is used, and the concentration of all components in the fourth nutrient solution is 90-100% of the basic nutrient solution; (5) From 25 to 50 days, the fifth nutrient solution is used, and the concentration of all components in the fifth nutrient solution is 120-180% of the basic nutrient solution.

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