Large-scale feeding method for dairy and meat dual-purpose cattle

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-scale breeding method for dairy and meat dual-purpose cattle, and relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, and the breeding steps comprise: S1, selecting a breeding site, obtaining optimal breeding environment data of the dairy and meat dual-purpose cattle based on network big data, according to the obtained breeding environment data, locally screening an optimal breeding environment site as the breeding site, and carrying out site construction, building a cattle farm for both dairy and meat; s2, selecting healthy and healthy milk and meat dual-purpose cattle with regular limbs and good breast development as cattle. According to the method, the occurrence and development trend of epidemic diseases is predicted and the breeding site is managed and controlled by screening out proper feed collocation selection and establishing an epidemic disease monitoring database and an early warning platform, so that cattle herds can be effectively prevented from being infected with epidemic diseases in a large-scale breeding process and spreading the epidemic diseases to other cattle, the epidemic disease prevention and control difficulty and cost are reduced, and the breeding efficiency is improved. And large-scale feeding can be carried out more conveniently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, and specifically relates to a large-scale feeding method for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle. Background Art

[0002] Dual-purpose milk and meat cattle are cattle breeds with both milk-producing and meat-producing capabilities. In the prior art, large-scale feeding results in a relatively high feeding density for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, and frequent contact between cattle. Once one cattle is infected with a disease, it is very easy to spread to other cattle within a short period of time, leading to the rapid spread of the disease and increasing the difficulty and cost of disease prevention and control. In response to this, we propose a large-scale feeding method for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above technical problems and provide a large-scale feeding method for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, this technical solution solves the problem of increased costs and difficulty in disease prevention and control mentioned above.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a large-scale feeding method for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, and the breeding steps include:

[0005] S1. Select a breeding site, obtain the best breeding environment data for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle based on network big data, and screen the best feeding environment site locally according to the obtained breeding environment data as the breeding site, and then carry out site construction to build a large-scale farm for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle;

[0006] S2. Select the breed of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, select healthy, well-proportioned, good-breasted and defect-free dual-purpose milk and meat cattle as breeding cattle, and carry out cultivation and breeding;

[0007] S3. Feed formulation, select appropriate feeds, including hay, corn silage, wheat bran, protein feeds, mineral feeds and microbial feeds, mix the feeds and then feed them;

[0008] S4. Breeding management, regularly observe the diet and mental state of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, regularly carry out deworming treatment, timely clean up the feces generated in the cowshed and send them to the biogas digester for secondary utilization, clean up the cowshed and control the environment, formulate a standardized breeding record, and carry out scientific large-scale breeding according to the breeding record;

[0009] S5. Disease prevention, obtain the historical data of epidemic diseases around the breeding site based on the Internet of Things, establish an epidemic disease monitoring database and an early warning platform, predict the occurrence and development trend of epidemic diseases, and control the breeding site.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, by mining and analyzing agricultural breeding data, climate information, geographical information, and veterinary expert research data, the breeding environment data of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle is obtained. The temperature suitable for the growth, reproduction, and milk production of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle is between 10°C and 25°C, which can maintain a relatively stable and efficient operation state of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle; the humidity is between 40% and 70%, maintaining the freshness of the air in the cowshed and reducing the occurrence probability of respiratory diseases; in terms of geographical conditions, the terrain is on a relatively dry, flat, and open site with smooth drainage.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, the selection of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle breeds is carried out by clarifying the feeding purpose and making selections based on different feeding purposes. The selections include meat-type and milk-type. Among them, for meat-type, breeds with fast growth rate and excellent meat quality are selected, and for milk-type, breeds with high milk production and good milk quality are selected; after the selection, the health status of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle is observed, and those with excellent health are selected; understand the genetic background of the selected breeds, check the pedigree files of breeding cattle, understand the production performance and genetic stability of their parental and grandparental generations, and select individuals with excellent and stable genetic performance as breeding cattle.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, corn silage is fermented based on lactic acid bacteria, retaining the nutrients of the corn plants and also inhibiting the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms, providing an energy source for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle. Stone powder and shell powder are added as calcium in mineral feeds, and monocalcium phosphate is added as phosphorus; during the feeding process, according to the growth stage and production performance of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, a feeding plan is formulated, and it is fed regularly and quantitatively every day, twice a day in the morning and evening, and sufficient clean drinking water supply is ensured with appropriate water temperature.

[0013] Preferably, in step S4, the status of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle is judged by observing diet and mental state. Among them, diet observation is carried out by observing the feeding behavior, feed intake, and drinking behavior of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle. When it is found that dual-purpose milk and meat cattle are indifferent to feed, delay feeding and do not approach the feed trough, it is judged that there is an abnormality in dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, and a diagnosis is carried out; in hot weather or after eating a large amount of dry feed, the drinking water volume increases accordingly. If it is found that the number of times a cow drinks water is extremely small or the drinking water volume is far lower than the normal level, it is judged that there are problems with water quality, drinking water facilities, and the cow suffering from urinary system diseases.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, the feces are cleaned at least 2 times a day, and the cleaning times are in the morning and evening. The cowshed is deeply cleaned once a week, including shoveling the residual feces at the bottom of the cattle bed, the corners, and other areas that are difficult to clean, sweeping the cowshed with tools, and finally flushing the ground with water and disinfecting it with disinfectant; the cleaned feces are collected centrally, transported to the biogas digester, and fermented.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, the cow shed environment is cleaned and the environment is controlled by setting up a sunshade net on the top of the cow shed to block direct sunlight and provide summer heatstroke prevention. For winter warming, heating equipment is used to heat the cow shed. The data during the breeding process is recorded in real time and saved in a computer.

[0016] Preferably, in step S5, by obtaining the surrounding epidemic data, the historical epidemic data of the breeding site is obtained from the local veterinary station, animal epidemic prevention and control institutions and agricultural departments. The data includes details such as the type of epidemic disease, the onset time, the number of diseased animals, the mortality rate and the transmission range. The data is preprocessed, and time series analysis is performed on the historical data of the occurrence of epidemic diseases to identify the periodic and seasonal laws of epidemic diseases. Based on the analysis results, a logistic regression model is constructed. Whether an epidemic disease occurs is used as the dependent variable, and environmental factors and animal movement factors are used as independent variables. The model is trained with historical data to obtain the regression equation between the independent variable and the dependent variable. Based on the trained model, the probability of the occurrence of epidemic diseases in the future is predicted, and a safety threshold is established. The predicted value is compared with the threshold. If it is greater than the threshold, it indicates the existence of an epidemic disease, and the breeding cow shed is promptly sterilized, and abnormal milk and meat dual-purpose cows are screened out.

[0017] Preferably, it is assumed that there are n environmental factors, denoted as x1, x2, …… x n , and there are m animal movement factors, denoted as z1, z2, …… z m , and the logistic regression model is expressed as:

[0018]

[0019] where β0 is the intercept term, β i is the regression coefficient corresponding to the environmental factor, i = 1, 2, … n, α j is the regression coefficient corresponding to the animal movement factor, x i represents the environmental factor, and the calculated epidemic coefficient P is compared with the threshold for judgment.

[0020] Preferably, when the prediction result is greater than the set safety threshold, it indicates the existence of a safety hazard. The breeding personnel and the veterinary team are organized to sterilize the breeding cow shed and observe the milk and meat dual-purpose cows to screen out abnormal individuals.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] By screening for appropriate feed combinations and obtaining historical data on the prevalence of diseases in the surrounding area of the breeding site based on the Internet of Things, an epidemic monitoring database and an early warning platform are established to predict the occurrence and development trends of diseases, control the breeding site, effectively prevent the cattle herd from being infected with diseases during large-scale breeding and spreading to other cattle, reduce the difficulty and cost of epidemic prevention and control, and facilitate large-scale feeding more conveniently. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the breeding steps of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] The following description is used to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are only examples, and those skilled in the art can think of other obvious variations.

[0025] Refer to Figure 1 As shown, the large-scale breeding method for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle includes the following breeding steps:

[0026] S1. Select a breeding site, obtain the best breeding environment data for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle based on network big data, and screen the best breeding environment site locally according to the obtained breeding environment data as the breeding site, and then build the site to build a dual-purpose milk and meat cattle farm.

[0027] S2. Select the breed of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, select healthy, well-proportioned, and defect-free dual-purpose milk and meat cattle with well-developed udders as breeding cattle, and conduct breeding.

[0028] S3. Feed combination, select appropriate feeds, including hay, corn silage, wheat bran, protein feed, mineral feed, and microbial feed, mix the feeds, and feed them.

[0029] S4. Breeding management, regularly observe the diet and mental state of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, conduct deworming treatment regularly, promptly clean up the manure generated in the cattle shed, send it to the biogas digester for secondary utilization, clean up the cattle shed and control the environment, formulate a standardized breeding record, and conduct scientific large-scale breeding according to the breeding record.

[0030] S5. Disease prevention, obtain historical data on the prevalence of diseases in the surrounding area of the breeding site based on the Internet of Things, establish an epidemic monitoring database and an early warning platform, predict the occurrence and development trends of diseases, and control the breeding site.

[0031] This application uses network big data to obtain accurate aquaculture environment data and screen sites, which can ensure that the temperature, humidity, light, and ventilation conditions of the farm are highly compatible with the growth, reproduction, and health needs of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle; selecting dual-purpose milk and meat cattle with strong constitutions, regular limbs, well-developed udders, and no defects as breeding cattle can ensure the genetic quality of the cattle herd from the source. Strong breeding cattle have strong self-resistance, can better adapt to the aquaculture environment, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and lower the aquaculture risk; the scientific combination of hay, corn silage, wheat bran, protein feed, mineral feed, and microbial mixture can provide comprehensive and balanced nutrition for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle.

[0032] Based on the Internet of Things, obtaining the historical data of epidemic diseases in the surrounding areas of the aquaculture site and establishing an epidemic disease monitoring database and early warning platform can monitor the dynamics of epidemic diseases in real time, predict the occurrence and development trends of epidemic diseases in advance, collect and analyze the epidemic disease information of the surrounding areas, combine the aquaculture environment and cattle herd health status data of the farm itself, and use a scientific prediction model to issue epidemic disease early warnings in a timely manner. When an epidemic of a certain infectious disease occurs in the surrounding area and the environmental conditions of the farm are conducive to the spread of the epidemic disease, the early warning platform can notify the farm in advance to take prevention and control measures such as strengthening disinfection, immunization, and restricting the flow of personnel and vehicles, effectively preventing the introduction of epidemic diseases, reducing the risk of epidemic disease outbreaks, and ensuring the health of the cattle herd and aquaculture safety.

[0033] In step S1, by mining and analyzing agricultural aquaculture data, climate data, geographical information, and veterinary expert research data, the aquaculture environment data of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle is obtained. The temperature suitable for the growth, reproduction, and milk production of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle is between 10°C and 25°C, which can maintain a relatively stable and efficient operation state of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle; the humidity is between 40% and 70%, maintaining the freshness of the air in the cowshed and reducing the probability of respiratory diseases; in terms of geographical conditions, the terrain is relatively high, dry, flat, open, and well-drained.

[0034] In the temperature range of 10°C - 25°C of this application, the physical functions of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle can be in the best state. Within the humidity range, the air in the cowshed will not be too dry or humid, and the nasal cavity and respiratory mucosa can maintain appropriate moisture. The moist mucosa can better adsorb and filter harmful substances such as dust, bacteria, and viruses in the air, preventing them from entering the lungs and reducing the probability of cattle getting sick due to respiratory infections, such as pneumonia and bronchitis.

[0035] In step S2, the dual-purpose beef and dairy cattle breeds are selected by clarifying the feeding purpose and making selections based on different feeding purposes. The selections include meat-type and dairy-type. For the meat-type, breeds with fast growth rate and excellent meat quality are selected; for the dairy-type, breeds with high milk yield and good milk quality are selected. After the selection, the health of the dual-purpose beef and dairy cattle is observed, and those with excellent health are selected. Understand the genetic background of the selected breeds, check the pedigree files of the breeding cattle, understand the production performance and genetic stability of their parental and grandparental generations, and select individuals with excellent and stable genetic performance as breeding cattle.

[0036] The healthy dual-purpose beef and dairy cattle in this application have a relatively strong immune system and better resistance to various common diseases. They can effectively resist the invasion of bacteria, viruses, and parasites, reducing the occurrence frequency of diseases. Healthy dual-purpose beef and dairy cattle can fully exert the growth potential of their breeds during the growth process. They have normal feed intake, high feed conversion rate, and can gain weight at the expected growth rate. For dairy cows, good health means they can produce milk continuously and stably without significant fluctuations in milk yield due to health problems.

[0037] In step S3, the corn silage is fermented based on lactic acid bacteria, retaining the nutrients of the corn plants and inhibiting the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms, providing an energy source for dual-purpose beef and dairy cattle. Stone powder and shell powder are added to the mineral feed as calcium sources, and monocalcium phosphate is added as a phosphorus source. During the feeding process, a feeding plan is formulated according to the growth stage and production performance of the dual-purpose beef and dairy cattle, and they are fed regularly and quantitatively at fixed times every day, twice a day in the morning and evening, and sufficient and clean drinking water is provided with appropriate water temperature.

[0038] The corn silage in this application is fermented by lactic acid bacteria, which can retain the nutrients in the corn plants to the greatest extent. A large amount of lactic acid is produced by lactic acid bacteria during the fermentation process, reducing the pH value of the silage feed. This acidic environment can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms, and the reduction of harmful microorganisms reduces the risk of cattle getting sick from eating contaminated feed.

[0039] Adding stone powder and shell powder as calcium sources, and monocalcium phosphate as a phosphorus source can effectively supplement the calcium and phosphorus elements required for the growth, reproduction, and normal physiological functions of dual-purpose beef and dairy cattle. Feeding regularly and quantitatively helps maintain the normal rhythm of the digestive system of dual-purpose beef and dairy cattle.

[0040] In step S4, the state of dairy-beef cattle is judged by observing their diet and mental state. For diet observation, the feeding behavior, feed intake, and drinking behavior of dairy-beef cattle are observed. When it is found that dairy-beef cattle show indifference to feed, delay feeding, and do not approach the feed trough, it is judged that there is an abnormality in the dairy-beef cattle, and a diagnosis is carried out. In hot weather or after eating a large amount of dry feed, the drinking water volume increases accordingly. If it is found that the cattle drink water very few times or the drinking water volume is much lower than the normal level, problems such as water quality, malfunction of drinking water facilities, and the cattle suffering from urinary system diseases are judged.

[0041] Recording and comparing the feed intake in this application is an important means to evaluate the health status of dairy-beef cattle. The change in feed intake is often closely related to the health status of the cattle. When the feed intake of the cattle is significantly lower than the normal range, this may be a sign of disease. When the cattle suffer from digestive system diseases, parasitic infections, or other systemic diseases, there will be a decrease in appetite. By closely monitoring the change trend of feed intake, we can timely discover potential health problems, take corresponding treatment measures, and prevent diseases from having a serious impact on the growth and production performance of the cattle.

[0042] In step S4, the manure is cleaned at least twice a day, and the cleaning times are in the morning and evening. The cattle shed is deeply cleaned once a week, including shoveling the residual manure at the bottom of the cattle bed, the corners, and other areas that are difficult to clean. The cattle shed is cleaned with tools, and finally the ground is washed with water and disinfected with disinfectant. The cleaned manure is collected centrally, transported to the biogas digester, and fermented.

[0043] In this application, the cattle shed is deeply cleaned once a week, focusing on cleaning the residual manure at the bottom of the cattle bed, the corners, and other areas that are difficult to clean. This can thoroughly remove the dirt and pathogens in these hygiene dead corners. These areas are prone to accumulating manure and sundries. If not cleaned for a long time, they will become breeding grounds for pathogens, and it is difficult to completely remove them even with daily cleaning. Deep cleaning can effectively reduce the living space of bacteria, viruses, and parasites, and further reduce the possibility of disease occurrence.

[0044] In step S4, the cattle shed environment is cleaned and the environment is controlled by setting up a sunshade net on the top of the cattle shed for shading to block direct sunlight and provide summer heatstroke prevention. In winter, heating equipment is used to heat the cattle shed; the data during the breeding process are recorded in real time and stored in a computer.

[0045] In this application, high-temperature environments are prone to breeding bacteria and virus pathogens, and heat stress will weaken the immunity of cattle, making them more susceptible to diseases. By shading and preventing heatstroke, the environment inside the cattle shed is relatively cool, which is not conducive to the reproduction of pathogens. At the same time, the immunity of cattle is maintained, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of common summer diseases such as respiratory diseases and heatstroke, and reduce the disease prevention and control costs and the mortality rate of cattle during the breeding process.

[0046] In step S5, by obtaining the surrounding epidemic disease data, the historical epidemic disease data of the surrounding area of the breeding site is obtained from local veterinary stations, animal epidemic disease prevention and control institutions, and agricultural departments. The data includes detailed information on the types of epidemic diseases, the onset time, the number of diseased animals, the mortality rate, and the transmission range. The data is preprocessed, and time series analysis is performed on the historical data of the occurrence of epidemic diseases to identify the periodic and seasonal patterns of epidemic diseases. Based on the analysis results, a logistic regression model is constructed, with whether an epidemic disease occurs as the dependent variable and environmental factors and animal movement factors as independent variables. The model is trained with historical data to obtain the regression equation between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Based on the trained model, the probability of the occurrence of epidemic diseases in the future is predicted, and a safety threshold is established. The predicted value is compared with the threshold. If it is greater than the threshold, it indicates the existence of an epidemic disease, and the breeding cowshed is promptly disinfected, and abnormal dairy-beef dual-purpose cattle are screened out.

[0047] Suppose there are n environmental factors, denoted as x1, x2, …… x n , and there are m animal movement factors, denoted as z1, z2, …… z m , and the logistic regression model is expressed as:

[0048]

[0049] where β0 is the intercept term, β i is the regression coefficient corresponding to the environmental factor, i = 1, 2, … n, α j is the regression coefficient corresponding to the animal movement factor, x i represents the environmental factor. The calculated epidemic disease occurrence coefficient P is compared with the threshold for judgment. When the prediction result is greater than the set safety threshold, it indicates a potential safety hazard. The breeding personnel and the veterinary team are organized to disinfect the breeding cowshed and observe the dairy-beef dual-purpose cattle to screen out abnormal individuals.

[0050] In this application, when the epidemic disease occurrence coefficient P is greater than the safety threshold, it means that the risk of epidemic disease outbreak increases significantly. Promptly organizing the breeding personnel and the veterinary team to disinfect the breeding cowshed can effectively kill the pathogens in the environment, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Using a suitable disinfectant to spray and disinfect the ground, walls, railings, and feeding troughs of the cowshed can destroy the living environment of the pathogens and reduce their number, thereby reducing the probability of cattle being infected with epidemic diseases. Timely disinfection is like building a defense line at the source of epidemic disease transmission to prevent the further spread of pathogens and protect the overall health of the cattle herd.

[0051] Specific case

[0052] In the process of the development of the livestock industry, the standardized and normalized demonstration and promotion of the cross-breeding improvement technology for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle are of great importance. To effectively improve the quality and production performance of local cattle, relevant work is planned to be carried out at 30 professional artificial insemination stations for cattle, which are distributed in areas suitable for the breeding of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle and are equipped with professional technical personnel and advanced insemination equipment;

[0053] In the specific implementation process, frozen semen of Fleckvieh cattle will be used to improve local cattle and their crossbred cattle. Fleckvieh cattle have significant advantages such as fast growth rate, excellent meat production performance, and good milk quality. By carefully screening suitable cattle herds and strictly following the scientific insemination process, it is planned to demonstrate the improvement of 1,000 cattle. During the demonstration process, detailed records and tracking analyses will be carried out on the growth data, health status, reproductive performance, etc. of each cattle, and successful experiences and technical key points will be summarized. Based on the demonstration results, further promotion will be carried out in the surrounding areas, and it is expected to promote the improvement of 5,000 cattle, so as to drive the upgrading and development of the dual-purpose milk and meat cattle breeding industry in the region;

[0054] Snowflake beef is highly favored by the market for its tender, juicy, and rich flavor. The research on fattening technology for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle aims to produce high-quality snowflake beef. In the fattening stage, according to the growth law and nutritional requirements of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, a scientific and reasonable feed formula will be formulated. The feed includes high-quality roughage, concentrate, and appropriate mineral and vitamin additives to ensure that the cattle obtain comprehensive and balanced nutrition during the fattening process;

[0055] When the dual-purpose milk and meat cattle are fattened to the appropriate slaughter stage, strict control will be exerted over the meat quality indicators. It is required that the backfat thickness ≥ 9 mm, and this thickness can ensure good water retention and tender taste of the beef during cooking; the shear force ≤ 3.8 kg, indicating that the beef texture is tender and easy to chew; the marbling ≥ 3 grades, meaning that the intramuscular fat is evenly distributed, forming beautiful snowflake-like textures, greatly enhancing the flavor of the beef; the intramuscular fat content ≥ 4%, which is one of the key factors determining the tenderness, juiciness, and rich flavor of the beef. By strictly controlling the fattening process and slaughter meat quality indicators, high-quality production of snowflake beef from dual-purpose milk and meat cattle is achieved;

[0056] For dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, the 2nd - 3rd month after parturition is a crucial period for improving milk production performance. During this stage, through scientific feeding management and technical intervention, efforts are made to increase the fresh milk yield and quality. In terms of feeding, high-quality forage and feed rich in protein, energy, minerals, and vitamins are provided, and the feed feeding amount and nutritional ratio are adjusted in a timely manner according to the changes in milk yield and milk composition. At the same time, attention is paid to the management of the cattle shed environment, keeping the cattle shed clean, dry, and well-ventilated, creating a comfortable living environment for dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, reducing the incidence of diseases, and ensuring the health of dairy cows;

[0057] At the technical research level, advanced milking equipment and scientific milking techniques are used to ensure the hygiene and quality of milk. The milk production indicators are strictly monitored, requiring a daily average milk production of ≥8 Kg to ensure a high milk production to meet market demand; the milk fat percentage is ≥4.2. Milk fat is an important component of the flavor and nutritional value of milk, and a higher milk fat percentage can make the milk taste more mellow; the milk protein percentage is ≥3.5. Milk protein is one of the key indicators for measuring the nutritional value of milk. Through comprehensive technical research and management measures, the goal of producing high-quality fresh milk from dual-purpose milk and meat cows is achieved.

[0058] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification is only the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed.

Claims

1. A method for large-scale raising of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle, characterized in that, The breeding steps include: S1. Select a breeding site. Based on network big data, obtain the best breeding environment data for milk and meat dual-purpose cattle. For the obtained breeding environment data, screen the best feeding environment site locally as the breeding site, and carry out site construction to build a milk and meat dual-purpose cattle farm; S2. Select the milk and meat dual-purpose cattle breed. Select milk and meat dual-purpose cattle with strong physique, regular limbs, well-developed udders and no defects as breeding cattle for cultivation; S3. Feed formulation. Select appropriate feeds, including hay, corn silage, wheat bran, protein feed, mineral feed and microbial mixture. Mix the feeds and feed them; S4. Breeding management. Regularly observe the diet and mental state of milk and meat dual-purpose cattle, conduct deworming treatment regularly, clean the feces produced in the cowshed in time, send them to the biogas digester for secondary utilization, clean the cowshed and control the environment, formulate a standardized breeding record, and carry out scientific large-scale breeding according to the breeding record; S5. Disease prevention. Based on the Internet of Things, obtain the historical data of epidemic diseases around the breeding site, establish an epidemic disease monitoring database and an early warning platform, predict the occurrence and development trend of epidemic diseases, and control the breeding site.

2. The method for large-scale feeding of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, through mining and analyzing agricultural breeding data, climate data, geographical information and veterinary expert research data, the breeding environment data of milk and meat dual-purpose cattle are obtained. The temperature suitable for the growth, reproduction and milk production of milk and meat dual-purpose cattle is between 10°C and 25°C, which can maintain a relatively stable and efficient operation state of milk and meat dual-purpose cattle; the humidity is 40%-70%, which maintains the freshness of the air in the cowshed and reduces the occurrence probability of respiratory diseases; in terms of geographical conditions, the terrain is relatively high and dry, flat and open, and well-drained.

3. The method for large-scale breeding of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the selection of milk and meat dual-purpose cattle breeds is carried out by clarifying the feeding purpose. Based on different feeding purposes, the selection includes meat-type and milk-type. Among them, for the meat-type, select breeds with fast growth rate and excellent meat quality, and for the milk-type, select breeds with high milk production and good milk quality; after the selection is completed, observe the health of milk and meat dual-purpose cattle, and select milk and meat dual-purpose cattle with excellent health; understand the genetic background of the selected breed, check the pedigree files of breeding cattle, understand the production performance and genetic stability of their parental and grandparental generations, and select individuals with excellent and stable genetic performance as breeding cattle.

4. The method for large-scale feeding of dual-purpose dairy and beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, corn silage is fermented based on lactic acid bacteria, which retains the nutrients of corn plants and also inhibits the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms, providing an energy source for milk and meat dual-purpose cattle. Stone powder and shell powder are added as calcium in the mineral feed, and monocalcium phosphate is added as phosphorus; during the feeding process, according to the growth stage and production performance of milk and meat dual-purpose cattle, formulate a feeding plan, feed regularly and quantitatively every day, feed twice in the morning and evening, and ensure sufficient and clean drinking water supply with appropriate water temperature.

5. The method for large-scale breeding of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the status of dairy-beef cattle is judged by observing their diet and mental state. For the diet observation, the feeding behavior, feed intake, and drinking behavior of dairy-beef cattle are observed. When it is found that the dairy-beef cattle are indifferent to the feed, delay feeding, and do not approach the feed trough, it is judged that there is an abnormality in the dairy-beef cattle and a diagnosis is made. In hot weather or after eating a large amount of dry feed, the water intake increases accordingly. If it is found that the cattle drink very few times or the water intake is much lower than the normal level, it is judged that there are problems with water quality, drinking facilities, and the cattle suffering from urinary system diseases.

6. The method for large-scale feeding of dual-purpose dairy and beef cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the manure is cleaned at least twice a day, in the morning and evening. The cowshed is deeply cleaned once a week, including shoveling the residual manure at the bottom of the cattle bed, in the corners, and other areas that are difficult to clean. The cowshed is cleaned with tools, and finally, the floor is rinsed with water and disinfected with disinfectant. The cleaned manure is collected centrally and transported to the biogas digester for fermentation.

7. The method for large-scale breeding of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the cowshed environment is cleaned and controlled by setting up a sunshade net on the top of the cowshed for sunshading to block direct sunlight and provide summer heatstroke prevention. In winter, heating equipment is used to heat the cowshed for warmth. The data during the breeding process are recorded in real time and saved in the computer.

8. The method for large-scale feeding of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, by obtaining the surrounding epidemic data, the historical epidemic data of the breeding site are obtained from the local veterinary station, animal epidemic prevention and control institutions, and agricultural departments. The data include details such as the types of epidemics, the onset time, the number of diseased animals, the mortality rate, and the transmission range. The data are preprocessed, and time series analysis is performed on the historical data of the occurrence of epidemics to identify the periodic and seasonal patterns of the epidemics. Based on the analysis results, a logistic regression model is constructed. Whether an epidemic occurs is used as the dependent variable, and environmental factors and animal movement factors are used as independent variables. The model is trained with historical data to obtain the regression equation between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Based on the trained model, the probability of the occurrence of an epidemic in the future is predicted, and a safety threshold is established. The predicted value is compared with the threshold. If it is greater than the threshold, it indicates that there is an epidemic, and the breeding cowshed is promptly sterilized, and the abnormal dairy-beef cattle are screened out.

9. The method for large-scale breeding of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle according to claim 8, characterized in that, There are n environmental factors, denoted as x1, x2, …… x n , and there are m animal movement factors, denoted as z1, z2, …… z m , and the logistic regression model is expressed as: where β0 is the intercept term, β i is the regression coefficient corresponding to the environmental factor, i = 1, 2, … n, α j is the regression coefficient corresponding to the animal movement factor, x i represents the environmental factor, and the calculated disease occurrence coefficient P is compared with the threshold for judgment.

10. The method for large-scale feeding of dual-purpose milk and meat cattle according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the prediction result is greater than the set safety threshold, it indicates a potential safety hazard. The breeding personnel and the veterinary team are organized to sterilize the breeding cowshed and observe the dairy-beef cattle to screen out abnormal individuals.

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