Doulongyu cattle hybridization improvement method

Abstract

The invention provides a Doulongyu cattle hybridization improvement method, and relates to the technical field of animal breeding. The Doulongyu cattle hybridization improvement method specifically comprises the following steps: S1, parent selection: selecting Simmental breeding cows and Doulongyu breeding bulls with excellent performance from the aspects of reproductive performance, body shape and appearance and meat quality for subsequent mating and breeding, S2, mating time selection: based on discovering that Doulongyu cattle are not fertilized and have no oestrus performance in the daytime, selecting Doulongyu cattle breeding time for later mating and breeding, and S3, selecting Doulongyu cattle breeding time for later mating and breeding. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting a specific period of time at night to place Doulongyu breeding bulls and Simmental breeding cows in a proper mating site during the estrus period of the Simmental breeding cows in order to enable the Simmental breeding cows to be naturally fertilized in the mating process of the Doulongyu breeding bulls and the Simmental breeding cows according to the characteristic that the Doulongyu breeding bulls and the Simmental breeding cows only mate at night, S3, fertile monitoring, S4, fertile period management, S5, breeding hybrid cows, and S6, meat quality improvement management. The pregnancy rate is improved by utilizing the night mating characteristic of the Doulong cattle, the growth performance, the meat quality and the disease resistance of the hybrid cattle are improved through scientific feeding, and the wild nature is reserved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of animal breeding, and specifically to a method for cross-breeding and improving Gayal cattle. Background Art

[0002] As a unique and rare cattle breed resource in China, Gayal cattle are mainly distributed in the Dulong River Basin of Gongshan Dulong and Nu Autonomous County, Yunnan. With the advantages of tender meat, being able to tolerate roughage, and having strong adaptability to the harsh environment at high altitudes, it has become an important livestock breeding variety in the local area. However, for a long time, due to the lack of scientific and systematic breeding and improvement methods, the population development of Gayal cattle has been restricted, and there are problems such as slow growth rate and low reproductive efficiency, making it difficult to meet the needs of the large-scale and high-benefit development of the modern livestock industry.

[0003] In order to improve the breed characteristics of Gayal cattle and enhance their economic value, researchers and farmers have tried to introduce excellent foreign breeds such as Simmental cattle for cross-breeding. Simmental cattle have the advantages of fast growth rate, good meat production performance, and strong reproductive ability. In theory, cross-breeding with Gayal cattle can achieve complementary advantages. However, in the actual cross-breeding process, the low conception success rate has become a key problem restricting the cross-breeding effect.

[0004] Traditional cattle cross-breeding methods usually arrange the mating time according to the estrus and conception laws of common cattle breeds, and most of these laws are obtained based on daytime observations and statistics. However, Gayal cattle have unique physiological habits. In the past, because it was not found that they do not conceive during the day and have no estrus manifestation, and only mate at night, the mating of Gayal cattle and Simmental cattle was still arranged during the conventional daytime period, resulting in a large number of ineffective mating attempts, and the conception rate of female cows has always been at a low level. This not only increases the breeding cost and time cost, but also seriously hinders the progress of the cross-breeding and improvement work of Gayal cattle, making it difficult to cultivate and promote Gayal cattle cross-breeds on a large scale. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cross-breeding and improvement method that fully considers the unique physiological characteristics of Gayal cattle to improve the cross-conception rate and reproductive efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for cross-breeding and improving Gayal cattle, which solves the problems of low cross-conception rate of Gayal cattle, poor growth performance of cross-bred cattle, and poor meat quality.

[0007] (2) Technical Solutions

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: A method for cross-breeding and improving Gayal cattle, specifically including the following steps:

[0009] S1. Selection of Parents

[0010] Select Simmental cows and Dulong bulls with excellent reproductive performance, body shape and appearance, and meat quality for subsequent mating and breeding;

[0011] S2. Mating time selection

[0012] Based on the discovery that Dulong cattle do not conceive and have no estrus during the day and only mate at night, during the mating process of Dulong cattle bulls and Simmental cows, during the estrus period of Simmental cows, a specific time period in the evening (between 7 pm and 5 am the next day) is selected, and the two are placed in a suitable mating field to allow them to conceive naturally;

[0013] S3. Pregnancy monitoring

[0014] Within 1-2 months after mating, regularly monitor whether Simmental cows are pregnant by rectal examination and blood progesterone test. If pregnancy is confirmed, keep good records and management of pregnancy. If not, repeat the above mating steps.

[0015] S4. Pregnancy Management

[0016] For pregnant Simmental cows, a special nutritional management program is provided during pregnancy, while sufficient protein, vitamins and minerals are supplemented;

[0017] S5. Hybrid cattle breeding

[0018] After the hybrid calf is born, it is necessary to do a good job of newborn care, including timely cleaning of oral and nasal mucus and umbilical cord disinfection. During the growth of the hybrid calf, the feeding and management methods are adjusted according to its growth stage;

[0019] S6. Meat quality improvement management

[0020] When the hybrid cattle grow to 1.5-2 months before slaughter, they are fed with special meat quality improvement feed to further improve the meat quality of the hybrid cattle and increase the tenderness, flavor and marbling of the meat.

[0021] Preferably, in the parent selection step, the body shape and appearance of the Simmental cows should meet the requirements of body height of 130-145 cm and body length of 160-180 cm, the weight of the Dulong bulls should be 600-800 kg, and they should have typical Dulong breed characteristics, including shiny black fur and unique horn shape.

[0022] Preferably, in the pregnancy monitoring step, if the blood progesterone level of the cow is lower than the normal pregnancy level in two consecutive tests (with an interval of 7-10 days), or no signs of embryo are found in the rectal examination, it is determined that the cow is not pregnant.

[0023] Preferably, in the pregnancy management step, the activity area of pregnant cows should be kept clean and dry, and disinfected regularly. The disinfection frequency should be no less than 2 times a week. Disinfectants such as peracetic acid and iodophor can be selected.

[0024] Preferably, in the hybrid cattle breeding step, disease prevention should be carried out on hybrid cattle, and vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis, etc. should be inoculated regularly. The inoculation procedure should be carried out according to the standards of the local animal disease prevention and control department.

[0025] Preferably, in the selection of mating time, the mating site should be kept quiet and comfortable, the environmental temperature should be controlled at 15-25 °C, the humidity should be kept at 50%-70%, and sufficient activity space and soft bedding should be set up in the site to reduce the stress response of cattle during mating.

[0026] Preferably, in the pregnancy management, in the first 5 months of pregnancy, corn accounts for 50%, soybean meal accounts for 25%, wheat bran accounts for 20%, and mineral and vitamin additives account for 5% in the concentrate feed. After 5 months of pregnancy, corn accounts for 55%, soybean meal accounts for 30%, wheat bran accounts for 10%, and mineral and vitamin additives account for 5% in the concentrate feed.

[0027] Preferably, in the meat quality improvement management, the feed formula is measured by components as follows: 12 parts of silage, 10 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of sunflower meal, 55 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of salt, 3 parts of minerals, and 0.5 parts of antioxidant additives. The antioxidant additives are vitamin C and E.

[0028] (III) Beneficial effects

[0029] The present invention provides a method for crossbreeding and improving Dulong cattle. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. The present invention provides a method for crossbreeding and improving Dulong cattle. This method makes full use of the characteristic that the discovered Dulong cattle only mate at night, and precisely arranges the mating time of Dulong cattle breeding bulls and Simmental breeding cows at a specific time at night. This innovative measure enables the cows to mate at the time when they are physiologically most suitable for conception, greatly increasing the probability of sperm-egg combination. Compared with the traditional method of arranging mating during the day or at random without considering this characteristic, the conception success rate is significantly improved, effectively reducing the waste of resources caused by ineffective mating, including human, material and time costs, and laying a solid foundation for the large-scale development of Dulong cattle crossbreeding and improvement.

[0031] 2. The present invention provides a method for cross-breeding and improving Bos frontalis, through scientific parental selection and precise cross-breeding process. The obtained cross-bred cattle fully integrate the characteristics of fast growth and excellent meat production performance of Simmental cattle with the advantages of delicious meat, strong disease resistance, and wild genes of Bos frontalis. On the one hand, the cross-bred cattle inherit the genetic characteristics of Bos frontalis, with tender and juicy meat, rich marbling, unique flavor, and significantly enhanced disease resistance. Their resistance to harsh environments and common diseases is superior to that of ordinary cross-bred varieties. On the other hand, the retained wild genes endow the cross-bred cattle with stronger adaptability and survival ability in grazing environments, making them suitable for both modern farming models and traditional grazing scenarios, greatly expanding the farming scenarios and market application scope, and significantly enhancing the comprehensive economic value and industrial competitiveness of the cross-bred cattle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 This is the Simmental breeding cow of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is the Bos frontalis breeding bull of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is the calf after cross-breeding of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0035] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] Example 1: Provide a method for cross-breeding and improving Bos frontalis:

[0037] S1. Parental selection

[0038] Simmental breeding cows: Strictly screen from aspects of reproductive performance, body appearance, and meat quality. It is required that the Simmental breeding cows have strong reproductive ability and good maternal characteristics, such as good calf protection and large milk production. In terms of body appearance, the body height should be 130 - 145 cm, the body length should be 160 - 180 cm, the body structure is well-proportioned, and the udder is well-developed. In terms of meat quality, the meat is tender and has rich marbling. A total of 50 Simmental breeding cows meeting the requirements are selected.

[0039] Bos frontalis breeding bulls: The weight of Bos frontalis breeding bulls should be 600 - 800 kg, and they should have typical Bos frontalis breed characteristics, including shiny black hair color and unique horn shape. At the same time, it is required that the semen quality of the bulls is excellent and the reproductive ability is strong. Finally, 10 high-quality Bos frontalis breeding bulls are selected for subsequent cross-breeding.

[0040] S2. Mating Time Selection

[0041] Based on the characteristic that Dulong cattle do not conceive during the day and show no estrus signs, but only mate at night, during the estrus period of Simmental cows, between 7 pm and 5 am the next day, place Dulong cattle bulls and Simmental cows in a suitable mating area. The mating area should be kept quiet and comfortable, with the environmental temperature controlled at 15 - 25 degrees Celsius and the humidity maintained at 50% - 70%. Sufficient activity space and soft bedding should be set up in the area to reduce the stress response of cattle during mating.

[0042] S3. Pregnancy Monitoring

[0043] Within 1 - 2 months after mating, regularly monitor whether Simmental cows are pregnant through rectal examination and blood progesterone detection. Blood progesterone detection requires collecting and testing blood samples according to the standard laboratory procedures. If the blood progesterone level of the cow is lower than the normal pregnancy level in two consecutive tests (with a 7 - 10 - day interval), or no embryo signs are found in rectal examination, it is determined that the cow is not pregnant, and the above - mentioned mating steps need to be repeated.

[0044] S4. Pregnancy Management

[0045] Nutrition Management: For pregnant Simmental cows, provide a special nutrition management plan during pregnancy. In the first 5 months of pregnancy, mainly use high - quality silage feed, supplemented with an appropriate amount of concentrate feed. In the concentrate feed, corn accounts for 50%, soybean meal accounts for 25%, wheat bran accounts for 20%, and mineral and vitamin additives account for 5%. After 5 months of pregnancy, gradually increase the proportion of concentrate feed. At this time, in the concentrate feed, corn accounts for 55%, soybean meal accounts for 30%, wheat bran accounts for 10%, and mineral and vitamin additives account for 5%. At the same time, supplement sufficient protein, vitamins, and minerals.

[0046] Environmental Management: The activity area of pregnant cows should be kept clean and dry, and disinfected regularly. The number of disinfections per week should be no less than 2 times. Disinfection agents such as peracetic acid and iodophor are selected.

[0047] S5. Hybrid Cattle Breeding

[0048] Newborn Care: After the hybrid calf is born, do a good job in newborn care, including timely cleaning of nasal and oral mucus, umbilical cord cutting and disinfection, etc.

[0049] Feeding Management: During the growth process of hybrid cattle, adjust the feeding management method according to its growth stage. From 0 to 6 months old, mainly breastfeed, and gradually add an appropriate amount of high - quality calf starter feed. After 6 months old, gradually transition to a feeding mode with a combination of concentrate feed and roughage. The formula of the concentrate feed is corn 55%, soybean meal 20%, wheat bran 15%, sunflower meal 5%, and mineral and vitamin additives 5%. The roughage is mainly high - quality silage corn and alfalfa hay.

[0050] Disease prevention: Implement disease prevention for crossbred cattle by regularly inoculating vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis, etc. The inoculation procedures shall be carried out in accordance with the standards of the local animal disease prevention and control department.

[0051] S6. Meat quality improvement management

[0052] When the crossbred cattle grow to 1.5 - 2 months before slaughter, feed them with specialized meat quality improvement feed. The feed formula is measured by components as follows: 12 parts of silage, 10 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of sunflower meal, 55 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of salt, 3 parts of minerals, and 0.5 part of antioxidant additive. The antioxidant additive is vitamin C and E, which further improves the meat quality of the crossbred cattle, increases the tenderness, flavor, and marbling of the meat.

[0053] Comparative example 1: Comparative experiment and result analysis

[0054] As Figures 1-3 shown, in order to verify the effect of this Dulong cattle crossbreeding and improvement method, a comparative experiment was set up. The control group adopted the traditional crossbreeding method (randomly arranging the mating time without considering the mating characteristics of Dulong cattle at night). The following is the detailed comparison table:

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] It can be clearly seen from the table data that this Dulong cattle crossbreeding and improvement method is significantly superior to the traditional crossbreeding method in terms of conception success rate, survival rate of crossbred calves, growth rate, slaughter rate, meat quality, disease resistance, and wildness performance. This fully proves the effectiveness and superiority of this improvement method, and can bring significant economic and social benefits to the breeding of Dulong cattle crossbreeding and improvement.

[0058] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cross-breeding and improving Bos frontalis, characterized in that, The specific steps include: S1. Parent selection Select Simmental cows and Dulong bulls with excellent reproductive performance, body shape and appearance, and meat quality for subsequent mating and breeding; S2. Mating time selection Based on the discovery that Dulong cattle do not conceive and have no estrus during the day and only mate at night, during the mating process of Dulong cattle bulls and Simmental cows, during the estrus period of Simmental cows, a specific time period in the evening (between 7 pm and 5 am the next day) is selected, and the two are placed in a suitable mating field to allow them to conceive naturally; S3. Pregnancy monitoring Within 1-2 months after mating, regularly monitor whether Simmental cows are pregnant by rectal examination and blood progesterone test. If pregnancy is confirmed, keep good records and management of pregnancy. If not, repeat the above mating steps. S4. Pregnancy Management For pregnant Simmental cows, a special nutritional management program is provided during pregnancy, while sufficient protein, vitamins and minerals are supplemented; S5. Hybrid cattle breeding After the hybrid calf is born, it is necessary to do a good job of newborn care, including timely cleaning of oral and nasal mucus and umbilical cord disinfection. During the growth of the hybrid calf, the feeding and management methods are adjusted according to its growth stage; S6. Meat quality improvement management When the hybrid cattle grow to 1.5-2 months before slaughter, they are fed with special meat quality improvement feed to further improve the meat quality of the hybrid cattle and increase the tenderness, flavor and marbling of the meat.

2. The cross-breeding and improvement method of Bos frontalis according to claim 1, wherein: In the parent selection step, the body shape and appearance of the Simmental cows should meet the requirements of body height of 130-145 cm and body length of 160-180 cm, the weight of the Dulong bulls should be 600-800 kg, and they should have typical Dulong breed characteristics, including shiny black fur and unique horn shape.

3. A cross-breeding and improvement method for Gayal, according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the pregnancy monitoring step, if the blood progesterone level of the cow is lower than the normal pregnancy level in two consecutive tests (with an interval of 7-10 days), or no signs of embryo are found in the rectal examination, it is determined that the cow is not pregnant.

4. A method for crossbreeding and improving Bos frontalis, according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the pregnancy management steps, the activity area of the pregnant cow should be kept clean and dry, and disinfected regularly, at least twice a week. The disinfectant can be peracetic acid, iodine tincture, etc.

5. A method for cross-breeding and improving Dulong cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the hybrid cattle breeding step, the hybrid cattle are prevented from diseases and are regularly vaccinated against foot-and-mouth disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis and the like, and the vaccination procedure is carried out in accordance with the standards of the local animal disease prevention and control department.

6. A cross-breeding and improvement method for Dulong cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mating site should be kept quiet and comfortable during the mating time selection, with the ambient temperature controlled at 15-25 degrees Celsius and the humidity maintained at 50%-70%. Sufficient activity space and soft bedding should be provided in the site to reduce the stress response of the cattle during mating.

7. A method for cross-breeding and improving Dulong cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the pregnancy management, the concentrated feed in the first 5 months of pregnancy accounts for 50% corn, 25% soybean meal, 20% bran, and 5% mineral and vitamin additives. After 5 months of pregnancy, the concentrated feed accounts for 55% corn, 30% soybean meal, 10% bran, and 5% mineral and vitamin additives.

8. A method for cross-breeding and improving Dulong cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the feed formula for the meat quality improvement management, the components are measured as follows: 12 parts of silage, 10 parts of wheat bran, 12 parts of soybean meal, 6 parts of sunflower meal, 55 parts of corn flour, 2 parts of salt, 3 parts of minerals, and 0.5 part of antioxidant additive. The antioxidant additive is vitamin C and E.

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