Deep mining rock mass multi-parameter monitoring optical fiber installation system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of monitoring of deformation, temperature and the like of mining rock mass formed after mining, and provides a deep mining rock mass multi-parameter monitoring optical fiber installation system which comprises an annular hole pouring assembly, an optical fiber binding assembly, an installation positioning assembly and a balance weight orientation guide head. The technical problems that a deep optical fiber is large in dead weight and prone to being snapped are solved through the optical fiber mounting and positioning assembly; through a counterweight orientation guide head and an optical fiber binding assembly, the difficult problems that the optical fiber is bent and curled up and cannot be straightly and smoothly put down due to rough hole wall, bending, hole shrinkage and steps which often occur in a mining stratum section of a monitoring drill hole are solved; the problems that bridge plugs are formed through direct pouring of orifices from top to bottom, holes are blocked, optical fibers are not coupled with mining stratums, and the monitoring reliability is poor are solved through an annular hole pouring assembly and a pouring process. According to the invention, a feasible solution is provided for installation and lowering of the combined armored optical fiber for multi-parameter monitoring of mining rock mass with a large burial depth, especially a depth of 500-800m.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of in-situ monitoring of deep rock masses, and particularly relates to a multi-parameter monitoring optical fiber installation system for deep mining-induced rock masses. Background Art

[0002] Currently, sensing technologies based on distributed (fixed-point) optical fibers and fiber Bragg gratings are widely used in fields such as mine safety, deformation monitoring of disturbed rock masses in deep resource mining, and geological disaster early warning. They have the advantages of being passive, anti-electromagnetic interference, continuous monitoring, high temperature resistance, multiple monitored variables (displacement, deformation, temperature, water level, pressure, etc.), and easy networking.

[0003] However, due to the characteristics of the optical fiber itself being soft, thin, and easy to break, and having poor resistance to bending, folding, and torsion, the strata of the mining-induced rock masses are broken, and the straightness and integrity of the monitoring borehole are poor. As a result, in the multi-parameter monitoring of deep mining-induced rock masses with large burial depths and small borehole diameters, the optical fiber faces difficulties in being lowered and installed and in coupling with the rock and soil masses, leading to significant limitations in the on-site practical application of optical fiber monitoring technology in the field of deep mining-induced rock mass monitoring. Specifically, the self-weight of the deep-hole optical fiber is large, and it is easily broken during the lowering process; the borehole wall is rough and curved, and the optical fiber is prone to bending and curling, making it difficult to smoothly lower it straight; the rock masses in the borehole are broken due to mining, and directly pouring slurry from the hole mouth from top to bottom easily leads to technical problems such as bridge plugging, hole blocking, poor coupling, and low reliability of monitoring results. In order to overcome the above practical problems, the present invention provides a multi-parameter monitoring optical fiber installation system for deep mining-induced rock masses. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-parameter monitoring optical fiber installation system for deep mining-induced rock masses to solve the actual problems in the lowering and installation of monitoring optical fibers for deep mining-induced rock masses on-site.

[0005] A multi-parameter monitoring optical fiber installation system for deep mining-induced rock masses, where the optical fiber generally refers to armored distributed optical fibers, fixed-point optical fiber cables, or optical fiber cables composed of fiber Bragg grating sensors using optical fiber transmission. The system includes an annular hole pouring component, an optical fiber binding component, an installation positioning component, and a weight directional guide head.

[0006] The installation positioning component includes a drilling rig tower, a drilling rig pulley group, an optical fiber lowering and installation sky pulley group and a ground pulley group, an optical fiber stringing ring, and a wire rope winch. The drilling rig pulley group is used to connect and position the galvanized grouting pipe in the annular hole pouring component. The optical fiber lowering and installation sky pulley group is fixed on the drilling rig tower, and the number matches the number of monitoring optical fibers. The optical fiber lowering and installation ground pulley group is fixed on the flat ground. The optical fiber stringing ring suspends the whole bundle of optical fibers to prevent damage to the optical fibers caused by ground dragging and abrasion during the lowering process. The wire rope winch is used to control the lifting and lowering of the wire rope to ensure the smooth lifting and lowering of the weight guide head.

[0007] Equipped with a directional guide head, it is cast from solid weighted lead-zinc material, and the shortest length of the directional guide head is not less than Where η is the stiffness reduction factor (it is recommended to be 0.3 to 0.6, and the larger value is used for tight structures), E is the elastic modulus of the wire rope, and I is the cross-sectional inertia moment of the wire rope. D is the diameter of the wire rope, ρ is the linear density of the lead-zinc guide head, and g is the acceleration of gravity. The top of the directional guide head is connected by a connecting steel pipe to the galvanized grouting pipe of the ring hole casting assembly. The directional guide head assembly includes a connecting steel pipe, a cylindrical body (three parts, upper, middle and lower, and the diameter of the cylindrical body increases successively), and a lower conical head. The bottom of the connecting steel pipe is connected to the upper cylindrical body with a reverse thread, and the upper part of the steel pipe is a positive thread, which is connected to the galvanized grouting pipe. A wire rope clamping hole is drilled in the middle of the upper cylindrical body, and a vertical clamping groove is engraved on the surface of the middle cylindrical body (the number of clamping grooves matches the number of sensing optical fibers, and no more than 3 groups) for placing optical fibers and ensuring that they are flat and vertical. The vertical clamping grooves are provided with equidistant annular tightening grooves and buckles outside the vertical clamping grooves for fixing the optical fibers. A fiber guide hole is provided at the bottom of the middle cylindrical body. The guide hole is connected to the symmetrical vertical clamping grooves for the optical fiber to pass through the guide hole to form a loop. The equipped guiding head drives the steel wire rope to break the rock in the drill hole of the mined rock mass, ensuring the smooth lowering of the optical fiber.

[0008] Optical fiber bundling components, including steel wire rope, armored optical fiber, high-strength clips, high-strength clips are set at equal intervals, and ensure that the optical fiber is straight and securely bundled.

[0009] The ring hole casting assembly includes a galvanized grouting pipe, a positive wire pipe clamp, a ground mixer and a ground high-pressure grouting pump. The galvanized grouting pipe is reversely connected to the upper cylindrical body of the matching guide head, and the galvanized grouting pipe is connected to the pipe clamp in a forward rotation. The optical fiber binding assembly is inserted into the grouting pipe and lowered synchronously. After lowering to the bottom of the hole section by section, the mixer and the high-pressure grouting pump inject the special sealing slurry into the galvanized pipe, rotate in the reverse direction, and the galvanized grouting pipe is automatically released. It is gradually lifted by using the ground power to realize upward grouting.

[0010] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0011] When the present invention is working, firstly, according to the monitoring purpose and task, the number of optical fiber sky (ground) pulley blocks, the number of armored optical fibers, the number of optical fiber guide holes and vertical slots of the directional guide are determined, and a suitable directional guide is selected;

[0012] Install drilling rig tower, drilling rig pulley block, optical fiber installation top pulley, optical fiber installation ground pulley, optical fiber stringing ring, wire rope winch and other positioning components;

[0013] The directional guide is connected to the binding assembly: the steel wire rope is passed through the steel wire rope clamp hole and knotted, and the optical fiber is passed through the optical fiber guide hole. For the optical fibers with different parameters that need to be spliced, they are spliced into loops and then passed through the guide hole, and are installed in the vertical clamping slots of the middle column in sequence. The optical fiber ring is used to tightly bind the optical fibers in the vertical clamping slots of the middle column securely;

[0014] The optical fiber binding assembly is connected to the installation and positioning assembly: Pass the wire rope and the optical fiber through the installation sky pulley and the installation ground pulley respectively, and connect them with the drilling rig tower, the optical fiber stringing ring, and the wire rope hoist; Place the weight orientation guide head into the hole, and gradually put the wire rope and the optical fiber into the hole by using the installation and positioning assembly. Use high-strength buckle assemblies to tie them firmly at intervals of 1 m; Use the drilling rig pulley group in the installation and positioning assembly to connect the galvanized grouting pipe with the reverse thread joint at the top of the orientation guide head, and place the optical fiber inside the grouting pipe; Gradually lower the galvanized grouting pipes connected by positive thread pipe collars, and simultaneously lower the wire rope and the optical fiber until the bottom of the hole; Let the optical fiber stand for 24 hours. Check and calibrate the depth of the monitoring hole and the depth of the fiber placement by using the wire rope and the optical fiber depth scale, and conduct path and data acquisition detection on the optical fiber to ensure the integrity of the optical fiber loop and the normal monitoring data; Use the power provided by the installation and positioning assembly to rotate in the reverse direction to disconnect the lowermost galvanized grouting pipe from the reverse thread joint at the top of the orientation guide head, and gradually lift and disassemble the galvanized grouting pipe; Prepare special pouring slurry by using the ground mixer, and pump the slurry to the bottom of the hole through the ground high-pressure grouting pump to return the slurry, and gradually pour the slurry to the orifice as the galvanized grouting pipe is lifted; Let the slurry injected into the hole stand for 36 hours. During this period, continuously compact the slurry in the hole through the grouting pump until the slurry in the drilling hole is tightly coupled with the optical fiber and the mined strata; Connect the optical fiber with the modulation and demodulation instrument and the wireless signal transmission system, send it to the data analysis and processing server, and realize dynamic real-time monitoring at the terminal.

[0015] The present invention overcomes the problems faced in the on-site installation and lowering of the optical fiber for deep mined rock mass monitoring, such as being easily broken, the optical fiber being twisted and not vertical, and the poor coupling between the hole-sealing slurry and the optical fiber. It provides a practical solution for the installation and lowering of the optical fiber for multi-parameter monitoring of deep mined rock mass, improves the survival rate of the optical fiber and the monitoring accuracy, and expands the application scope of the optical fiber intelligent sensing technology in the multi-parameter monitoring of deep mined rock mass. Description of the Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention and the installation and positioning assembly;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the weight orientation guide head assembly;

[0018] Figure 3 It is for Figure 2 The sectional view of 1-1' in

[0019] Figure 4 It is the optical fiber binding assembly;

[0020] Figure 5 It is the annular hole pouring assembly and the process diagram. Detailed Embodiments

[0021] The following will be combined with the Figures 1-5 in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. If not specifically specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0022] A multi-parameter monitoring optical fiber installation system for deep mining-induced rock mass includes an annular hole pouring component, an optical fiber binding system, an installation positioning component, and a weight-oriented guide head. This embodiment mainly monitors the deformation and temperature of the mining-induced rock mass;

[0023] The annular hole pouring component includes a galvanized grouting pipe 4-a. The top of the weight-oriented guide head is connected to the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a. The installation positioning component includes a drilling rig tower 1-a. The drilling rig tower 1-a is connected to the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a through the installation positioning component. The optical fiber binding system is installed on the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a;

[0024] The top of the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a is communicated with a grouting device; the drilling rig tower 1-a is used to connect the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a to make the weight-oriented guide head go deep into the hole.

[0025] Furthermore, the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a is provided with multiple sections. Multiple galvanized grouting pipes 4-a are connected to each other through positive-thread joints 2-e. The weight-oriented guide head and the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a are reversely connected through a reverse-thread interface 2-h. The galvanized grouting pipe 4-a is rotatably connected to the positive-thread joint 2-e in the forward direction. After being lowered to the bottom of the hole section by section and then rotated in the reverse direction, the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a can be automatically disengaged from the weight-oriented guide head. The grouting device is a high-pressure grouting station on the ground. The galvanized grouting pipe 4-a lowered to the bottom of the hole is used as a slurry conveying channel to realize upward grouting. The high-pressure grouting station may include a mixer 4-d and a grouting pump 4-a.

[0026] Furthermore, the weight-oriented guide head includes a bottom conical head 2-a and a cylinder 2-b. The weight-oriented guide head is made of lead-zinc material. A through-type optical fiber guide hole 2-c is provided in the middle of the cylinder 2-b. Two sensing optical fibers 3-b are connected in the hole. The cylinder 2-b is provided with 6 groups of optical fiber circumferential tight grooves 2-e and optical fiber circumferential fasteners 2-f. Two groups of optical fiber vertical card slots 2-d are arranged vertically. One wire rope card hole 2-g is provided at the upper part of the cylinder 2-b; one reverse-thread joint 2-h is provided at the top.

[0027] Furthermore, the optical fiber binding system includes a wire rope 3-a and a high-strength buckle 3-c. On the ground, the wire rope 3-a and the sensing optical fiber 3-b are bundled in the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a with the high-strength buckle 3-c.

[0028] Further, the installation and positioning assembly further includes a drilling rig pulley block 1-b, an optical fiber lower installation crown block 1-c, an optical fiber installation ground pulley 1-d, an optical fiber stringing loop 1-e, and a wire rope winch 1-f;

[0029] The drilling rig tower 1-a is arranged at the surface drilling site. The upper part of the drilling rig tower 1-a is provided with a drilling rig pulley block 1-b for lowering a weighted directional guide head. The middle part is provided with an optical fiber lower installation crown block 1-c for lowering the sensing optical fiber 3-b. The lower part is provided with an optical fiber installation ground pulley 1-d. On the ground, there are an optical fiber stringing loop 1-e and a wire rope winch 1-f.

[0030] When the present invention works, first, according to the monitoring tasks and purposes, install the positioning system (drilling rig tower 1-a, drilling rig pulley block 1-b, optical fiber lower installation crown block 1-c, optical fiber installation ground pulley 1-d, optical fiber stringing loop 1-e, wire rope winch 1-f). Then connect the weighted directional guide head to the optical fiber binding system, and tie the wire rope 3-a through the wire rope clamping hole 2-g; use the optical fiber circumferential fastening 2-f to firmly tie the sensing optical fiber 3-b in the vertical optical fiber slots 2-d on both sides of the column 2-b; connect the optical fiber to the guide head: connect the optical fiber binding system to the installation and positioning assembly: respectively pass the wire rope 3-a and the sensing optical fiber 3-b through the optical fiber lower installation crown block 1-c and the optical fiber installation ground pulley 1-d, and form a connection with the optical fiber stringing loop 1-e and the wire rope winch 1-f; put the weighted directional guide head into the hole, and gradually put the wire rope 3-a and the sensing optical fiber 3-b into the hole by using the installation and positioning assembly, and tie them firmly every 1 m with high-strength buckle assemblies 3-c; use the drilling rig pulley block 1-b in the installation and positioning assembly to connect the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a to the reverse-thread joint 2-h, and use the right-hand thread joint 2-e to connect the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a. In cooperation with the optical fiber binding system, use the power provided by the installation and positioning assembly to rotate forward, and install the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a and the right-hand thread joint 2-e from top to bottom until reaching the bottom of the hole; use the installation and positioning assembly to keep the weighted directional guide head and the optical fiber binding system stationary for 24 hours, and check the hole depth and the optical fiber lowering depth through the wire rope 3-a and the optical fiber depth scale; use the power provided by the installation and positioning assembly to rotate in the reverse direction, disconnect the lowermost galvanized grouting pipe 4-a from the reverse-thread joint 2-h, and disassemble the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a section by section; use the ground mixer 4-d to prepare a special pouring slurry, and through the ground high-pressure grouting pump 4-a, pump the slurry to the bottom of the hole through the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a, and gradually pour the slurry to the hole opening as the galvanized grouting pipe 4-a is lifted; let the slurry in the hole stand for 36 hours, and continuously compact the pouring in the hole through the grouting pump 4-a until the entire hole opening is filled; connect the buried deep overburden temperature compensation optical fiber and the deformation fixed-point sensing optical fiber to the modem and the wireless signal transmission system, and send them to the monitoring server to achieve dynamic real-time monitoring.

[0031] The present invention solves the technical problems that the self-weight of the deep optical fiber is large and the optical fiber is easily broken through the optical fiber installation and positioning assembly; through the weight-bearing directional guide head and the optical fiber binding assembly, it deals with the problems of rough, bent, reduced-diameter, and stepped hole walls in the mined strata section of the monitoring borehole, which cause the optical fiber to be tortuous and curled and cannot be smoothly lowered; through the annular hole pouring assembly and the pouring process, it solves the problems of forming a bridge plug, blocking the hole, non-coupling between the optical fiber and the mined strata, and poor monitoring reliability when pouring directly from the top of the hole. The present invention provides a practical solution for the installation and lowering of the combined armored optical fiber for multi-parameter monitoring of the mined rock mass with a large buried depth, especially 500-800 m deep.

[0032] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations, variations, modifications, and substitutions made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fiber optic installation system for multi-parameter monitoring of deep mining-induced rock mass, characterized in that, It includes an annular hole pouring component, an optical fiber binding component, an installation and positioning component, and a counterweight directional guide head; The annular hole pouring component includes a galvanized grouting pipe (4-a). The top of the counterweight directional guide head is connected to the galvanized grouting pipe (4-a). The installation and positioning component includes a drill tower (1-a). The drill tower (1-a) is connected to the galvanized grouting pipe (4-a) through the installation and positioning component. The optical fiber binding component is located inside the galvanized grouting pipe (4-a); The top of the galvanized grouting pipe (4-a) is connected to a grouting pump through a grouting pipe. The drill tower (1-a) is connected to a steel wire rope (3-a) to make the counterweight directional guide head go deep into the hole.

2. The fiber optic installation system for multi-parameter monitoring of deep mining-induced rock mass according to claim 1, wherein The galvanized grouting pipe (4-a) is provided with multiple sections. Multiple sections of the galvanized grouting pipe (4-a) are connected to each other through positive-thread joints (2-e). The counterweight directional guide head and the galvanized grouting pipe (4-a) are reversely connected through a reverse-thread interface (2-h). The galvanized grouting pipe (4-a) is rotatably connected to the positive-thread joint (2-e) in the forward direction. After being lowered to the bottom of the hole section by section and then rotated in the reverse direction, the lowermost section of the galvanized grouting pipe (4-a) can be automatically disengaged from the counterweight directional guide head. The grouting equipment is a high-pressure grouting station on the ground. The galvanized grouting pipe (4-a) lowered to the bottom of the hole is used as a slurry conveying channel to realize upward grouting.

3. The fiber optic installation system for multi-parameter monitoring of deep mining-induced rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The counterweight directional guide head includes a bottom conical head (2-a) and a column body (2-b). The counterweight directional guide head is made of lead-zinc material. A through-type optical fiber guide hole (2-c) is provided in the middle of the column body (2-b). Two sensing optical fibers (3-b) are connected inside the hole. The column body (2-b) is provided with 6 groups of optical fiber circumferential tight grooves (2-e) and optical fiber circumferential fasteners (2-f), and two groups of optical fiber vertical card slots (2-d) are arranged vertically. There is 1 steel wire rope card hole (2-g) at the upper part of the column body (2-b); there is 1 reverse-thread joint (2-h) at the top.

4. The multi-parameter sensing optical fiber installation system for deep mining-induced rock mass according to claim 3, characterized in that The optical fiber binding component includes a steel wire rope (3-a) and a high-strength buckle (3-c). In the foundation, the steel wire rope (3-a) and the sensing optical fiber (3-b) are tied inside the galvanized grouting pipe (4-a) with the high-strength buckle (3-c).

5. The multi-parameter sensing optical fiber installation system for deep mining-induced rock mass according to claim 3, characterized in that, The installation and positioning component further includes a drill pulley block (1-b), an optical fiber lower installation sky pulley (1-c), an optical fiber installation ground pulley (1-d), an optical fiber wire rack ring (1-e), and a steel wire rope winch (1-f); The drill tower (1-a) is arranged at the surface drilling site. The upper part of the drill tower (1-a) is provided with a drill pulley block (1-b) for lowering the counterweight directional guide head with added weight. The middle part is provided with an optical fiber lower installation sky pulley (1-c) for lowering the sensing optical fiber (3-b). The lower part is provided with an optical fiber installation ground pulley (1-d). The foundation section is provided with an optical fiber wire rack ring (1-e) and a steel wire rope winch (1-f).

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