Star-shaped trimer type non-fullerene acceptor material as well as preparation and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a star-shaped tripolymer type non-fullerene acceptor material as well as preparation and application thereof. The star-shaped tripolymer type non-fullerene acceptor material has a structure as shown in the following formula: # imgabs0 #. According to the invention, a star-shaped trimer type oligomer material connected with a quinoxaline development center with a derivative site in the middle is adopted, so that the defect that the PCE of the current oligomer type acceptor material is influenced due to oligomerization based on a halogen substitution site of tail-end isatin is overcome; compared with a traditional small molecule material (oligomer type acceptor material), the material has higher open-circuit voltage (Voc), the photoelectric conversion efficiency is excellent, the illumination stability is good, and when the material is applied to a solar cell, the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the cell can be remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of non-fullerene acceptor materials, and relates to a star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material, its preparation and application, and particularly relates to a star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material that can be used in organic solar cell devices, its preparation method and application. Background Art

[0002] An oligomer is a molecule formed by connecting several repeating units, and is a well-defined product of oligomerization reaction, with its unique properties. In September 2022, the team of Zou Yingping & Yuan Jun from Central South University reported a class of A-π-A type oligomer (dimer) non-fullerene acceptor material QM1. The device based on it showed higher storage stability (T90 was 1400 hours) compared with small molecule materials in a nitrogen atmosphere, and its PCE was 17.05% (Sci. China Chem. 2022, 65, 1374); in November of the same year, the research group of Professor Huang Fei from South China University of Technology reported the one-pot synthesis of Y series of non-fullerene acceptor materials, and directly obtained bis(OY2), tris(OY3), and tetramer (OY4) after separation and purification. After the device light stability test, the devices based on this type of oligomer showed higher stability compared with small molecule materials. Among them, the trimer OY3 showed the highest stability and PCE, and still maintained 90% of the PCE after continuous illumination for 1000 hours (the initial PCE was 15.05%, Nat. Energy 2022, 7, 1180). To sum up, oligomeric materials have a higher thermal transition temperature compared with small molecules. Therefore, developing oligomeric non-fullerene acceptor materials is an effective strategy to improve the device stability. However, most of the oligomeric acceptor materials reported in the literature are oligomerized based on the halogen substitution sites of the terminal indiketone. From the experience of developing non-fullerene small molecule acceptor materials, it can be known that the halogen substitution on the terminal indiketone can efficiently regulate the spectral absorption and energy level of the material, and thus affect its PCE. To develop an oligomer with both high stability and high PCE, the regulatory sites at the terminal need to be retained.

[0003] Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a small molecule material that is oligomerized using other reaction sites and its preparation method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Due to the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a small molecule material that is oligomerized using other reaction sites and its preparation method, specifically a star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material, its preparation and application, which overcomes the defect that the current oligomeric acceptor materials are oligomerized based on the halogen substitution sites of the terminal indiketone, affecting their PCE.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material, the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material having a structure as shown in Formula I:

[0007]

[0008] Formula I

[0009] In Formula I, R1 and R2 are the same or different and are independently selected from a C1-C 30 straight chain, a C1-C 30 branched chain, a C1-C 30 substituted alkoxy straight chain, a C1-C 30 substituted alkoxy branched chain, a benzene ring, a benzene ring substituted with different alkyl chains, a thiophene ring, a thiophene ring substituted with different alkyl chains;

[0010] Y is selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl, a C1-C 30 straight chain, a C1-C 30 branched chain;

[0011] Ar is selected from one of the following units:

[0012]

[0013] Among them, R3 and R4 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl, a C1-C 30 straight chain, a C1-C 30 branched chain;

[0014] INCN-X is selected from one of the following structural units:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, R4 to R7 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, trifluoromethyl, a C1-C 30 straight chain, a C1-C 30 branched chain.

[0017] The present invention develops a star-shaped trimeric oligomer material connected by a center using quinoxaline with a derivative site in the middle, overcoming the defect that the current oligomeric acceptor material oligomerizes based on the halogen substitution site of the terminal indiketone, which affects its PCE. Compared with traditional small molecule materials (oligomeric acceptor materials), it has a higher open circuit voltage (V oc ), its photoelectric conversion efficiency is excellent and its light stability is good. Applying it to a solar cell can significantly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the cell.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution:

[0019] A star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material as described above, the chemical structural formula of the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material is shown as the following formula:

[0020] .

[0021] A star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material as described above, the chemical structural formula of the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material is shown as the following formula:

[0022] .

[0023] A star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material as described above, the chemical structural formula of the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material is shown as the following formula:

[0024] .

[0025] T-ClQx-Cl has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, and its highest photoelectric conversion efficiency reaches 20.1%.

[0026] The present invention also provides a preparation method of a star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material as described above, including the following steps:

[0027] (1) In an inert gas environment, the compound shown in formula II reacts with lithium aluminum hydride for a first reaction, and then reacts with the compound shown in formula III for a second reaction to obtain the compound shown in formula IV;

[0028]

[0029] (2) In an inert gas environment, the compound shown in formula IV reacts with phosphorus oxychloride and N,N-dimethylformamide to obtain the compound shown in formula V;

[0030]

[0031] (3) In an inert gas environment, the compound shown in formula V reacts with the compound shown in formula VI to obtain the compound shown in formula VII;

[0032]

[0033] (4) In an inert gas environment, the compound shown in formula VII reacts with indiketone to obtain the compound shown in formula I;

[0034] Wherein, R1 and R2 are the same or different and are independently selected from C1-C 30 straight chain, C1-C 30Branched chain, C1-C 30 Substituted alkoxy straight chain, C1-C 30 One of a substituted alkoxy branched chain, benzene ring, benzene ring substituted with different alkyl chains, thiophene ring, thiophene ring substituted with different alkyl chains;

[0035] Y is selected from one of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl, C1-C 30 Straight chain, C1-C 30 One of branched chains;

[0036] Ar is selected from one of the following units:

[0037]

[0038] Wherein, R3 and R4 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl, C1-C 30 Straight chain, C1-C 30 One of branched chains;

[0039] The structural formula of the indanone is one of the following structural units:

[0040]

[0041] Wherein, R4~R7 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, trifluoromethyl, C1-C 30 Straight chain, C1-C 30 One of branched chains.

[0042] The above preparation method has relatively simple process and mild conditions, and has good application prospects.

[0043] As a preferred technical solution:

[0044] In the preparation method as described above, the inert gas is nitrogen or argon;

[0045] In step (1), the reaction solvent of the first reaction is tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane, the reaction temperature is 0~100 °C, the reaction time is 4~24 h, the reaction solvent of the second reaction is dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene or acetic acid, the reaction temperature is 0~100 °C, the reaction time is 0~24 h, and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone is used as the oxidant in the second reaction;

[0046] In step (2), the reaction solvent of the reaction is dichloroethane or N,N-dimethylformamide, the reaction temperature is 0~100 °C, and the reaction time is 2~24 h;

[0047] In step (3), the reaction solvent for the reaction is toluene, xylene or tetrahydrofuran, the reaction temperature is 0-150 °C, the reaction time is 2-24 h, and the reaction uses a palladium catalyst as the catalyst and a phosphine ligand is added;

[0048] In step (4), the reaction solvent for the reaction is chloroform, the reaction temperature is 25-100 °C, the reaction time is 1-24 h, and the reaction uses an organic base as the catalytic base.

[0049] In the preparation method as described above, in step (1), the reaction temperature of the first reaction is 68 °C, the reaction time is 12 h, the reaction temperature of the second reaction is 25 °C, and the reaction time is 2 h;

[0050] In step (2), the reaction temperature of the reaction is 78 °C, and the reaction time is 12 h;

[0051] In step (3), the reaction temperature of the reaction is 110 °C, the reaction time is 12 h, the phosphine ligand is tris(o-tolyl)phosphine, and the palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium;

[0052] In step (4), the reaction temperature of the reaction is 68 °C, the reaction time is 12 h, and the organic base is pyridine.

[0053] In addition, the present invention also provides an application of the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material as described above in a solar cell. The star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material is applied to an organic solar cell, which can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the organic solar cell.

[0054] As a preferred technical solution:

[0055] In the application as described above, the solar cell includes a substrate, an anode, an anode modification layer, a photoactive layer, a cathode modification layer and a cathode. The photoactive layer is prepared by blending a star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material with an electron donor material; the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material is the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material as described above.

[0056] The above technical solutions are only one feasible technical solution of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can reasonably adjust the specific design according to actual needs.

[0057] The above invention has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0058] (1) By using a star-shaped trimeric oligomer material with a quinoxaline development center connected in the middle, the present invention overcomes the defect that the current oligomeric acceptor material is oligomerized based on the halogen substitution site of the terminal indiketone, which affects its PCE;

[0059] (2) The star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material of the present invention has a higher open-circuit voltage (V oc ) compared with traditional small molecule materials (oligomeric acceptor materials), and has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and good light stability;

[0060] (3) When the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material of the present invention is applied to a solar cell, it can significantly improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the cell;

[0061] (4) The preparation method of the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material of the present invention has a relatively simple process and mild conditions, and has good application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] By reading the following detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention and its features, shapes and advantages will become more obvious. The same reference numerals indicate the same parts in all the drawings. The drawings are not drawn to scale, and the emphasis is on showing the gist of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the preparation process of T-FQx-F in Example 1;

[0064] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the preparation process of T-FQx-Cl in Example 2;

[0065] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the preparation process of T-ClQx-Cl in Example 3;

[0066] Figure 4 J-V curve diagram of the photovoltaic device prepared with T-FQx-F obtained in Example 1, T-FQx-Cl obtained in Example 2, and T-ClQx-Cl obtained in Example 3 as acceptor materials. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0067] The following will further illustrate the present invention with specific examples, but it is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0068] The experimental methods shown in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials and reagents are all purchased from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0069] The structural formula of INCN-2F is:

[0070] .

[0071] The structural formula of INCN-2Cl is:

[0072] 。

[0073] The structural formula of DY-Th is as follows:

[0074] 。

[0075] Example 1

[0076] The preparation method of a star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material T-FQx-F is as follows (the preparation process is as Figure 1 shown):

[0077] Under nitrogen protection, at room temperature, dissolve the compound 1 in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran solution, add 10eq lithium aluminum hydride in batches, heat to 68 °C and react for 12 hours, cool in an ice bath, quench the reaction with hot water, extract with dichloromethane, dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filter to remove solids, dissolve the collected solution after removing the solvent by rotary evaporation with chloroform, transfer it to a two-necked flask under nitrogen protection, add 2eq 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, and then add 5eq of the compound 2 as Figure 1 shown, react at room temperature for 2 hours, remove the solvent by rotary evaporation, and then purify by column chromatography to obtain the compound 3 as Figure 1 shown, with a yield of 55%, MS (MALDI-TOF): 1362.5 [M] Figure 1 + 。

[0078] Under nitrogen protection, dissolve the compound 3 in dichloroethane, add 5 eq phosphorus oxychloride and 5 eq N,N-dimethylformamide, heat to 78 °C and react for 12 hours, add saturated potassium acetate solution and stir vigorously for 30 minutes, extract with dichloromethane, dry with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filter to remove solids, dissolve the collected solution after removing the solvent by rotary evaporation and purify by column chromatography to obtain the compound 4 as Figure 1 shown, with a yield of 96%, MS (MALDI-TOF): 1418.6 [M] + 。

[0079] Under nitrogen protection, dissolve the compound 4 in toluene, add 0.4eq of compound 5, 1% eq tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, 4% eq tris(o-tolyl)phosphine, heat to 110 °C and react for 12 hours, remove toluene by rotary evaporation, and purify by column chromatography to obtain the compound 6 as Figure 1 shown, with a yield of 66% (calculated based on compound 5), MS (MALDI-TOF): 4264.2 [M] + + 。

[0080] Compound 6 and INCN-2F (15 eq.) were dissolved in chloroform, a few drops of pyridine were added as a catalyst, and the reaction was carried out under reflux for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound T-FQx-F with a yield of 84%. MS (MALDI-TOF): 5538.1 [M] + 。

[0081] Example 2

[0082] A preparation method of a star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material T-FQx-Cl is as follows (the preparation process is as Figure 2 shown):

[0083] The preparation of compound 6 was the same as in Example 1, except that in the process of preparing compound T-FQx-F from compound 6, specifically: Compound 6 and INCN-2Cl (15 eq.) were dissolved in chloroform, a few drops of pyridine were added as a catalyst, and the reaction was carried out at 45 °C for 12 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound T-FQx-F with a yield of 80%. MS (MALDI-TOF): 5735.8 [M] + 。

[0084] Example 3

[0085] A preparation method of a star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material T-ClQx-Cl is as follows (the preparation process is as Figure 3 shown):

[0086] Under nitrogen protection, at room temperature, compound 1 in Figure 3 was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran solution, 10 eq of lithium aluminum hydride was added in batches, and the reaction was carried out at 68 °C for 12 hours. After cooling in an ice bath, the reaction was quenched by adding hot water, extracted with dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solid was filtered off, the collected solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation and then dissolved in chloroform, transferred to a two-necked flask under nitrogen protection, 2 eq of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone was added, and then 5 eq of compound 7 in Figure 3 was added, and the reaction was carried out at room temperature for 2 hours. After removing the solvent by rotary evaporation, the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain compound 8 in Figure 3 with a yield of 62%, MS (MALDI-TOF): 1378.7 [M] + 。

[0087] Under nitrogen protection, compound 8 was dissolved in dichloroethane, 5 eq of phosphorus oxychloride and 5 eq of N,N-dimethylformamide were added, and the reaction was carried out at 78 °C for 12 hours. A saturated solution of potassium acetate was added and stirred vigorously for 30 minutes, extracted with dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the solid was filtered off, and the collected solution was concentrated by rotary evaporation and purified by column chromatography to obtainFigure 3 Compound 9 in Figure 3 , yield 94%, MS (MALDI-TOF): 1434.3 [M] + .

[0088] Under nitrogen protection, dissolve Compound 9 in toluene, add 0.4eq Compound 5, 1% eq tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium, 4% eq tris(o-tolyl)phosphine, heat to 110 °C and react for 12 hours. Rotate off toluene, and purify by column chromatography to obtain Compound 10 as shown in Figure 3 Figure 3 , yield 70% (yield calculated based on Compound 5), MS (MALDI-TOF): 4312.2 [M] + .

[0089] Dissolve Compound 10 and INCN-2Cl (15eq.) in chloroform, add a few drops of pyridine as a catalyst, react under reflux conditions for 12 hours, cool to room temperature, rotate off the solvent, and purify by column chromatography to obtain Compound T-ClQx-Cl, yield 80%. MS (MALDI-TOF): 5782.7 [M] + .

[0090] Application Example 1

[0091] A solar cell, which includes a substrate, an anode, an anode modification layer, a photoactive layer, a cathode modification layer and a cathode. The photoactive layer is prepared by blending a star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material T-FQx-F prepared in Example 1 with an electron donor material.

[0092] Specifically, spin coat poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with a conductive polymer (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) onto the indium tin oxide (ITO) interface at a speed of 3000 rpm for 30 s, bake at 150 °C for 10 min, and transfer it to a glove box filled with nitrogen. Blend T-FQx-F prepared in Example 1 with a polymer donor PM6 and dissolve them in chloroform, and stir to dissolve. Spin coat the prepared solution on the ITO sheet at different speeds, perform thermal annealing at 100 °C, then a PDINN modification layer, and finally evaporate a silver electrode to obtain an organic solar cell device.

[0093] Application Example 2

[0094] A solar cell, which is basically the same as Application Example 1, except that T-FQx-F prepared in Example 1 is replaced with T-FQx-Cl prepared in Example 2.

[0095] Application Example 3

[0096] A solar cell, which is basically the same as Application Example 1, except that T-FQx-F prepared in Example 1 is replaced with T-ClQx-Cl prepared in Example 3.

[0097] Solar cells prepared from Application Examples 1 to 3 and commercially purchased dimer reference DY-Th were tested. The specific operation was as follows: In a glove box filled with nitrogen, the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and fill factor of the solar cells prepared from Application Examples 1 to 3 and DY-Th were measured under the intensity of AM1.5G (100 mW / cm 2 ) of an argon lamp solar simulator. The J-V curves corresponding to Application Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Figure 1 .

[0098] The open-circuit voltage V oc of Application Example 1 was 0.946 V, the short-circuit current J sc was 24.2 mA / cm 2 , the fill factor FF was 75.8%, and the conversion efficiency PCE was 17.3%.

[0099] The open-circuit voltage V oc of Application Example 2 was 0.932 V, the short-circuit current J sc was 26.3 mA / cm 2 , the fill factor FF was 78.3%, and the conversion efficiency PCE was 19.2%.

[0100] The open-circuit voltage V oc of Application Example 3 was 0.935 V, the short-circuit current J sc was 26.9 mA / cm 2 , the fill factor FF was 79.9%, and the conversion efficiency PCE was 20.1%.

[0101] The open-circuit voltage V oc of the reference DY-Th was 0.910 V, the short-circuit current J sc was 24.5 mA / cm 2 , the fill factor FF was 77.1%, and the conversion efficiency PCE was 17.2%.

[0102] By comparing the application examples and the reference example, it can be found that the organic solar cell devices prepared from the materials of the present invention have a higher open-circuit voltage and a higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0103] Those skilled in the art should understand that those skilled in the art can achieve variation examples by combining the prior art and the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here. Such variation examples do not affect the essence of the present invention and will not be elaborated here.

[0104] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and the devices and structures not described in detail should be understood to be implemented in a common manner in the art; any person skilled in the art can make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material, characterized in that: The star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material has a structure shown in Formula I: Formula I In formula I, R1 and R2 are the same or different and are independently selected from C1-C 30 linear, C1-C 30 branched, C1-C 30 substituted alkoxy linear, C1-C 30 substituted alkoxy branched, benzene ring, benzene ring substituted with different alkyl chains, thiophene ring, thiophene ring substituted with different alkyl chains; Y is selected from one of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl, C1-C 30 straight chain, C1-C 30 branched chain; Ar is selected from one of the following units: wherein, R3 and R4 are the same or different and are each independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl, C1-C 30 linear, C1-C 30 one of branched chains; INCN-X is selected from one of the following structural units: Among them, R4 to R7 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, trifluoromethyl, C1-C 30 linear, C1-C 30 one of branched chains.

2. The star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material according to claim 1, wherein The chemical structural formula of the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material is shown in the following formula: 。 3. The star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical structural formula of the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material is shown in the following formula: 。 4. A star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chemical structural formula of the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material is shown in the following formula: 。 5. The preparation method of a star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) In an inert gas environment, after the compound shown in Formula II reacts with lithium aluminum hydride in a first reaction, and then reacts with the compound shown in Formula III in a second reaction, a compound shown in Formula IV is prepared; (2) In an inert gas environment, the compound shown in Formula IV reacts with phosphorus oxychloride and N,N-dimethylformamide to obtain a compound shown in Formula V; (3) In an inert gas environment, the compound shown in Formula V reacts with the compound shown in Formula VI to obtain a compound shown in Formula VII; (4) In an inert gas environment, the compound shown in Formula VII reacts with indanone to obtain a compound shown in Formula I; Among them, R1 and R2 are the same or different and are independently selected from C1-C 30 linear, C1-C 30 branched, C1-C 30 substituted alkoxy linear, C1-C 30 substituted alkoxy branched, benzene ring, benzene ring substituted with different alkyl chains, thiophene ring, thiophene ring substituted with different alkyl chains; Y is selected from one of hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl, C1-C 30 linear, C1-C 30 branched chain; Ar is selected from one of the following units: wherein, R3 and R4 are the same or different and are each independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, trifluoromethyl, C1-C 30 linear, C1-C 30 branched chain; The structural formula of the indanone is one of the following structural units: Among them, R4 to R7 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, trifluoromethyl, C1-C 30 linear, C1-C 30 one of branched chains.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inert gas is nitrogen or argon; In step (1), the reaction solvent for the first reaction is tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane, the reaction temperature is 0-100 °C, the reaction time is 4-24 h, the reaction solvent for the second reaction is dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene or acetic acid, the reaction temperature is 0-100 °C, the reaction time is 0-24 h, and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone is used as the oxidant in the second reaction; In step (2), the reaction solvent for the reaction is dichloroethane or N,N-dimethylformamide, the reaction temperature is 0-100 °C, the reaction time is 2-24 h; In step (3), the reaction solvent for the reaction is toluene, xylene or tetrahydrofuran, the reaction temperature is 0-150 °C, the reaction time is 2-24 h, and the reaction uses a palladium catalyst and a phosphine ligand is added; In step (4), the reaction solvent for the reaction is chloroform, the reaction temperature is 25-100 °C, the reaction time is 1-24 h, and an organic base is used as the catalytic base in the reaction.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step (1), the reaction temperature of the first reaction is 68 °C, the reaction time is 12 h, the reaction temperature of the second reaction is 25 °C, and the reaction time is 2 h; In step (2), the reaction temperature of the reaction is 78 °C, and the reaction time is 12 h; In step (3), the reaction temperature of the reaction is 110 °C, the reaction time is 12 h, the phosphine ligand is tris(ortho-methylphenyl)phosphine, and the palladium catalyst is tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium; In step (4), the reaction temperature of the reaction is 68 °C, the reaction time is 12 h, and the organic base is pyridine.

8. Application of a star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in a solar cell.

9. The application according to claim 8, wherein The solar cell includes a substrate, an anode, an anode modification layer, a photoactive layer, a cathode modification layer, and a cathode. The photoactive layer is prepared by blending a star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material with an electron donor material; the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material is the star-shaped trimeric non-fullerene acceptor material according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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