High-uniformity platinum-carbon catalyst as well as preparation method and application thereof
By uniformly dispersing platinum on carbon carriers using dopamine hydrochloride and calcination, the method addresses the non-uniformity and cost issues of traditional platinum carbon catalysts, achieving efficient and stable hydrogen production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510417451.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-15
AI Technical Summary
Traditional platinum carbon catalysts have problems such as scarce platinum resources, expensive price, uneven distribution, complex preparation and poor stability, which affects the efficiency and cost of hydrogen production in electrolytic water.
A nano-carbon support is complexed with dopamine hydrochloride to form a stable complex. Through heating reaction and calcining of hydrogen and argon mixture, a platinum carbon catalyst with uniform distribution of platinum particles is prepared, reducing the specific gravity of platinum and improving its uniformity on the carbon support.
The low platinum specific gravity and uniform distribution of platinum carbon catalysts are achieved, the efficiency and catalytic performance of electrolytic water hydrogen production are improved, the production cost is reduced, and the preparation process is simplified, which is in line with the requirements of green development.
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Figure CN120311231A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts, and particularly relates to a highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art
[0002] With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, hydrogen energy, as an ideal clean and efficient energy carrier, has broad application prospects. The electrolytic water hydrogen production technology is one of the key technologies for large-scale hydrogen production. Its main principle is to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen through electrolysis of water. In this process, the performance of the catalyst is crucial, especially the platinum-carbon catalyst, which is widely used in the field of electrolytic water hydrogen production due to its high catalytic performance.
[0003] However, traditional platinum-carbon catalysts have some problems, such as the scarcity and high price of platinum resources, the high specific gravity of platinum leading to increased costs, the uneven distribution of platinum on the carbon carrier affecting the catalyst performance, the complex preparation process and certain impact on the environment, and poor stability. Therefore, it is of great significance to study a platinum-carbon catalyst with high uniformity, low platinum specific gravity, and a simple preparation process.
[0004] Reducing the specific gravity of platinum can effectively reduce the cost of the catalyst, which is beneficial to the large-scale development of the hydrogen energy industry. At the same time, improving the uniform distribution of platinum on the carbon carrier helps to improve the utilization rate of active sites of the catalyst, thereby improving the efficiency of electrolytic water hydrogen production. Simplifying the preparation process of the platinum-carbon catalyst can not only reduce production costs and improve production efficiency, but also reduce environmental pollution, meeting the requirements of green and sustainable development. In addition, by optimizing the catalyst structure and improving the stability of the catalyst in the process of electrolytic water hydrogen production, the service life of the catalyst can be extended, further reducing the operating cost.
[0005] Therefore, developing a new type of platinum-carbon catalyst to achieve the goals of high uniformity, low platinum specific gravity, and a simple preparation process has a profound impact on promoting the development of hydrogen energy technology, realizing the wide application of clean energy, and promoting environmental protection and sustainable development. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The nano-carbon carrier is uniformly dispersed in an alcohol solvent, hydrochloric acid dopamine is added and stirred to dissolve, then a platinum source is added, and heated for reaction. After the reaction ends, the generated product is filtered and dried, etc., and then calcined in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas, and finally a platinum-carbon catalyst is obtained, which has high uniformity, low platinum specific gravity, and a simple, efficient preparation method with low cost.
[0007] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide an application of a highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst, as an application of an electrolytic water catalyst, with excellent catalytic performance.
[0008] The specific technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
[0009] A preparation method of a highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst, comprising the following steps:
[0010] 1) Disperse the nano-carbon carrier in a solvent, add dopamine hydrochloride and stir evenly, then add a platinum source and heat for reaction;
[0011] 2) Calcinate the reaction product of step 1) to obtain a highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst.
[0012] In step 1), the dosage ratio of the nano-carbon carrier to the solvent is 0.2-200 g: 100-5000 ml;
[0013] In step 1), the mass ratio of the nano-carbon carrier, dopamine hydrochloride and the platinum source is 0.2-200: 0.1-80: 0.5-300;
[0014] In step 1), the nano-carbon carrier is selected from activated carbon, acetylene black, conductive carbon black or graphite; the platinum source is selected from platinum compounds, preferably chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6), platinum tetrachloride (PtCl4) or platinum nitrate (Pt(NO3)2); the solvent is an alcohol solvent, selected from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, isobutanol, isopropanol or ethanol, preferably ethylene glycol;
[0015] In step 1), stirring evenly is carried out at a temperature of 5-100 °C;
[0016] In step 1), the heating reaction means 180-200 °C and continuous reaction for 30-200 minutes.
[0017] In step 1), after the heating reaction, the generated product is filtered, washed repeatedly with pure water and ethanol and dried;
[0018] In step 2), the calcination is carried out in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas, the calcination temperature is between 300-500 °C, and the time is 30-200 minutes; in the hydrogen-argon mixed gas, the volume content of hydrogen is 1%-10%, and the heating rate is 1-10 °C / min;
[0019] In step 2), after calcination, it is centrifuged and washed repeatedly with deionized water and dried, and ground in a silicon carbide grinding jar for 20 minutes to obtain a highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst.
[0020] Preferably, the preparation method of the present invention is as follows: Disperse 0.2 - 200 g of nano-carbon carrier in 100 - 5000 ml of ethylene glycol, add 0.1 - 80 g of dopamine hydrochloride and stir to dissolve, then add 0.5 - 300 g of chloroplatinic acid, then heat up to 180 - 200 °C and continuously react for 30 - 200 minutes; After the generated product is filtered and dried, it is calcined in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas at 300 - 500 °C for 30 - 200 minutes; Finally, it is centrifuged, washed and dried repeatedly with deionized water, and ground in a silicon carbide grinding jar for 20 minutes to finally obtain the platinum-carbon catalyst, which shows excellent uniform coating effect. The experimental results show that at 60 °C and 1 A / cm 2 current density, the voltage of this catalyst is only 1.65 V, and its performance significantly exceeds the traditional design.
[0021] A highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst provided by the present invention is prepared by the above method. The highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst is a composite material with platinum particles uniformly loaded, the particle size of the platinum particles is 3 - 10 nm, and the platinum content is 40 - 60%.
[0022] In the preparation of the present invention, dopamine hydrochloride is added first. It is a molecule with strong chelating ability and can form a stable complex with platinum ions. In the ethylene glycol solution, dopamine hydrochloride is uniformly dispersed and undergoes a complexation reaction with platinum ions. This complexation helps the uniform distribution of platinum ions on the surface of the nano-carbon carrier. Moreover, dopamine hydrochloride as a complexing agent can effectively fix platinum ions, preventing them from freely moving and aggregating in the solution. This complexation helps reduce the amount of platinum used, achieve a low platinum-carbon ratio, and polydopamine can be uniformly coated on the carbon surface to improve the loading uniformity of platinum on the carbon surface. Ethylene glycol also has reducibility and can gradually reduce platinum ions to metal platinum nanoparticles; and hydrogen is used as a strong reducing agent during calcination to completely reduce the residual platinum precursor to metallic platinum. By precisely controlling the complexation-reduction process, "single-atom-level" dispersion is achieved, minimizing the use of precious metals to the greatest extent.
[0023] In summary, the platinum-carbon catalyst of the present invention is prepared by complexing dopamine hydrochloride with platinum ions to uniformly generate polydopamine containing platinum elements on the surface of the nano-carbon carrier and then calcining in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas. The platinum-carbon catalyst of the present invention has the advantages of low platinum specific gravity, uniform distribution, excellent electrolytic water catalytic performance, and low cost.
[0024] An application of a highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst provided by the present invention, as an application of an electrolytic water catalyst, especially in the application of a PEM electrolytic water catalyst, has excellent catalytic performance and a voltage as low as 1.65 V.
[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention utilizes the complexation of dopamine hydrochloride and platinum ions to uniformly generate polydopamine containing platinum elements on the surface of the nano-carbon carrier. By calcining in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas, a platinum-carbon catalyst material is finally obtained. Since the carbon layer formed by polydopamine firmly binds the platinum particles to the surface of the carbon material and reduces the interfacial impedance of platinum-carbon, the performance of the material is greatly improved. The catalyst of the present invention can be used in many fields such as chemical catalysis, energy conversion and storage, materials science, environmental protection, etc. Especially in new energy technologies such as fuel cells, hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, and hydrogen storage, it promotes the oxidation and reduction reactions of hydrogen and improves the energy conversion efficiency. Description of the Drawings
[0026] Figure 1 TEM and Mapping diagrams of uniformly loaded platinum particles on the surface of conductive carbon black particles in Example 2;
[0027] Figure 2 XRD diagram of uniformly loaded platinum particles on the surface of conductive carbon black particles in Example 2;
[0028] Figure 3 Performance test diagram of the platinum-carbon catalyst in Example 2. Detailed Description of the Invention
[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0030] The test materials and reagents used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial channels without special instructions.
[0031] For those not specifying specific techniques or conditions in the embodiments, they can all be carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product specifications.
[0032] Example 1
[0033] A preparation method of a highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst is as follows:
[0034] Take 10 g of acetylene black and grind it to 10 - 50 nm. Disperse it in 50 ml of ethylene glycol solution at 25°C, add 2 g of dopamine hydrochloride to dissolve, then add 5 g of chloroplatinic acid. After stirring evenly, heat it up to 180°C. After reacting for 30 minutes, filter the obtained product, wash it repeatedly with water and ethanol, dry it, grind it to below 100 nm, and calcine it in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas. The hydrogen volume content is 2%, the heating rate is 2°C / minute, heat it up to the calcination temperature of 300°C, and calcine for 30 minutes. Finally, wash it 3 times with deionized water, centrifuge, dry and grind to obtain the platinum-carbon catalyst.
[0035] According to the performance test of "PEM Electrolyzer Performance Test Method" (in the stage of seeking opinions), at a catalyst loading of 0.8 mg / cm 2 , 60°C, 1 A / cm 2 current density, the voltage is 1.645 V.
[0036] Example 2
[0037] A preparation method of a highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst, specifically:
[0038] Take 10 g of carbon black and grind it to 10 - 50 nm. Disperse it in 50 ml of ethylene glycol solution at 25°C, add 2 g of dopamine hydrochloride to dissolve, then add 5 g of chloroplatinic acid. After stirring evenly, heat it up to 180°C. After reacting for 30 minutes, filter the obtained product, wash it repeatedly with pure water and ethanol, dry it, grind it to below 100 nm, and calcine it in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas. The hydrogen volume content is 2%, the heating rate is 2°C / minute, heat it up to the calcination temperature of 300°C, and calcine for 30 minutes. Finally, wash it 3 times with deionized water, centrifuge, dry and grind to obtain the platinum-carbon catalyst.
[0039] According to the performance test of "PEM Electrolyzer Performance Test Method" (in the stage of seeking opinions), at a catalyst loading of 0.8 mg / cm 2 , 60°C, 1 A / cm 2 current density, the voltage is 1.64 V.
[0040] Example 3
[0041] A preparation method of a highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst, specifically:
[0042] Take 10 g of activated carbon and grind it to 10 - 50 nm. Disperse it in 50 ml of ethylene glycol solution at 25°C, add 2 g of hydrochloric acid dopamine to dissolve, then add 5 g of platinum tetrachloride. After stirring evenly, heat it up to 180°C. After reacting for 30 minutes, filter the obtained product, wash it repeatedly with pure water and ethanol, dry it, grind it to below 100 nm and calcine it in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas. The hydrogen volume content is 2%, the heating rate is 2°C / minute, heat it up to the calcination temperature of 300°C and calcine for 30 minutes. Finally, wash it 3 times with deionized water, centrifuge and separate, dry and grind to obtain the platinum-carbon catalyst.
[0043] According to the performance test of "PEM Electrolyzer Performance Test Method" (in the stage of soliciting opinions), at a catalyst loading of 0.8 mg / cm 2 , 60°C, 1 A / cm 2 current density, the voltage is 1.642 V.
[0044] Example 4
[0045] A preparation method of a highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst, specifically:
[0046] Take 30 g of graphite and grind it to 10 - 50 nm. Disperse it in 200 ml of ethylene glycol solution at 35°C, add 5 g of hydrochloric acid dopamine to dissolve, then add 15 g of platinum nitrate. After stirring evenly, heat it up to 200°C. After reacting for 60 minutes, filter the obtained product, wash it repeatedly with pure water and ethanol, dry it, grind it to below 100 nm and calcine it in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas. The hydrogen volume content is 2%, the heating rate is 2°C / minute, heat it up to the calcination temperature of 400°C for 60 minutes. Finally, wash it 6 times with deionized water, centrifuge and separate, dry and grind to obtain the platinum-carbon catalyst.
[0047] According to the performance test of "PEM Electrolyzer Performance Test Method" (in the stage of soliciting opinions), at a catalyst loading of 0.8 mg / cm 2 , 60°C, 1 A / cm 2 current density, the voltage is 1.644 V.
[0048] In the preparation method of the present invention, the nano-carbon carrier is dispersed in an ethylene glycol solution, hydrochloric acid dopamine and chloroplatinic acid or other platinum compounds are added, after heating and reacting, it is filtered and dried, then calcined in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas, and finally washed, ground and dried with deionized water to obtain the product. The platinum-carbon catalyst of the present invention shows excellent performance in the application of PEM electrolyzed water catalyst, the voltage is as low as 1.65 V, and the cost is relatively low.
[0049] The description of the above embodiments is intended to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and use the invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative efforts. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention according to the disclosure of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A preparation method of a platinum-carbon catalyst with high uniformity, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: 1) Dispersing the nano-carbon carrier in a solvent, adding dopamine hydrochloride and stirring evenly, then adding a platinum source and heating for reaction; 2) Calcining the reaction product of step 1) to obtain a highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein, In step 1), the dosage ratio of the nano-carbon carrier to the solvent is 0.2-200 g: 100-5000 mL.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In step 1), the mass ratio of the nano-carbon carrier, dopamine hydrochloride and the platinum source is 0.2-200: 0.1-80: 0.5-300.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein In step 1), the platinum source is selected from platinum compounds.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, In step 1), the solvent is an alcohol solvent.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1), the heating reaction means at 180-200 °C and continuously reacting for 30-200 minutes.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2), the calcination is carried out in a hydrogen-argon mixed gas, and the volume content of hydrogen is 1%-10%.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that The calcination temperature is 300-500 °C and the time is 30-200 minutes.
9. A highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-8.
10. An application of the highly uniform platinum-carbon catalyst according to claim 9 as an electrolytic water catalyst.