Blasting pressure relief and monitoring system for high roadway of coal mine

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting pressure relief and monitoring system for a high-position roadway of a coal mine. The blasting pressure relief and monitoring system comprises the steps that firstly, the high-position roadway is designed and constructed; 2, high-position roadway blasting pressure relief blasting energy induction monitoring is carried out; 3, working face production organization monitoring; step 4, mine pressure and surface rock movement monitoring, including bracket working resistance comparison, roadway convergence deformation analysis, two-roadway advanced stress analysis, drilling cutting monitoring analysis and surface settlement analysis; step 5, micro-seismic monitoring analysis, including analysis of micro-seismic event overall distribution characteristics, a quartic event distribution rule and an early warning energy event rule; step 6, observing the mine pressure of the high-position roadway, including multi-point displacement monitoring, roadway surrounding rock deformation analysis and anchor rod cable stress monitoring and comparison; a combined monitoring system is constructed by utilizing various parameters, a space monitoring means is fully utilized, the high-position roadway blasting pressure relief effect is monitored, analyzed and evaluated, effective pressure relief and accurate monitoring can be realized, and the adaptability of a use mode and a monitoring mode is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly to a high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system for a coal mining face. Background Art

[0002] During the coal mining process, especially in complex geological conditions such as areas with faults and knife-shaped working faces, high static load stress is likely to trigger large-energy events, posing a serious threat to the safe production of coal mines. Traditional coal mining methods have limited effects in dealing with problems such as rock bursts, and a more effective pressure relief and monitoring means is needed.

[0003] At present, the prevention and control of rock bursts is still limited to the pressure relief treatment of the mined coal seam, the research on the impact mechanism is not deep enough, the cause of the initiation of rock bursts is not clearly understood, and there are no specific measures and solutions for the impact disasters caused by the fracture of the high-level rock beam. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system for coal mines.

[0005] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution of the present invention is: a high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system for coal mines, including:

[0006] Step 1, design and construction of the high-level roadway, including the selection of the high-level roadway horizon and the design of blasting parameters;

[0007] Step 2, monitoring of the blasting-induced energy for pressure relief in the high-level roadway: comparing and analyzing the relationship between the blasting-induced energy release and the amount of blasting explosive;

[0008] Step 3, monitoring of the production organization of the working face: monitoring the advancement of the working face and the frequency of energy release under different production intensities;

[0009] Step 4, monitoring of the mine pressure and surface rock movement: including comparison of the working resistance of the supports, analysis of the convergence deformation of the roadway, analysis of the advanced stress in the two roadways, analysis of the drill cuttings monitoring, and analysis of the surface settlement;

[0010] Step 5, microseismic monitoring and analysis, including analysis of the overall distribution characteristics of microseismic events, the distribution law of quartic events, and the law of warning energy events;

[0011] Step 6, observation of the mine pressure in the high-level roadway: including multi-point displacement monitoring, analysis of the deformation of the roadway surrounding rock, and comparison of the forces on the bolts and cables.

[0012] Optionally, in Step 1, the selection of the high-level roadway horizon includes arranging the high-level roadway in the hard rock layer 3 to 8 times the coal thickness above the coal seam; and making targeted designs for different regions according to the actual lithology conditions.

[0013] Optionally, when conducting targeted design for different regions, wire cut surface block cutting blasting method is adopted in the section with key strata, and wire transverse section treatment blasting method is adopted in the section without key strata.

[0014] Optionally, the blasting parameters include the number, position and charge amount of blasting holes.

[0015] Optionally, in step four, the comparison of the working resistance of the support includes analyzing the transfer of the acting force in the bending and subsidence zone of the overlying strata at high positions by comparing the support resistance in different measuring areas of the working face before and after blasting.

[0016] Optionally, in step four, the analysis of the convergence deformation of the roadway includes monitoring the displacement, deformation rate and advanced influence distance of the two sides and the roof and floor of the roadway before and after blasting, and analyzing the influence of the pressure relief of the high-level roadway blasting on the convergence deformation of the roadway.

[0017] Optionally, in step four, the analysis of the advanced stress in the two roadways includes monitoring the maximum stress in the intake airway and the return airway, analyzing the curve of the change of the advanced stress, and judging the stress warning situation.

[0018] Optionally, in step four, the drill cuttings monitoring and analysis includes analyzing the stress concentration degree and stress transfer situation of the deep coal body through deep hole drill cuttings stress exploration and deep hole pressure relief stress exploration;

[0019] The surface subsidence analysis includes using the ground rock movement measuring station to observe and analyze the ground subsidence amount and subsidence rate above the goaf, and combining the subsidence data of different working faces to infer the existence and change law of the bending and subsidence zone above the goaf.

[0020] Optionally, in step five, the overall distribution characteristics of the microseismic events include analyzing the plane distribution and profile distribution characteristics of the microseismic events, and determining the distribution range and main horizons of the microseismic events in different energy intervals;

[0021] The distribution law of the quartic events includes analyzing the plane distribution characteristics, horizon distribution characteristics, fracture degree and occurrence step distance of the quartic events, and determining the relationship between them and factors such as geological structure and cut-eye position;

[0022] The analysis of the law of the warning energy events includes analyzing the relationship between the fracture horizon and the occurrence step distance of the warning energy events since the working face is pushed, and judging the periodicity.

[0023] Optionally, in step six, the multi-point displacement monitoring includes determining the position and size of the maximum separation amount through the displacement observation of the high-level roadway roof, and analyzing the relationship between the microseismic event dense area and the separation amount;

[0024] The analysis of the surrounding rock deformation of the roadway includes monitoring the maximum displacement and convergence rate of the two sides and the roof and floor of the upper-level roadway, and analyzing the overall displacement characteristics of the roadway;

[0025] The monitoring and comparison of the forces on the bolts and cables include comparing the force changes of the bolts and cables before and after the blasting in the upper-level roadway, and analyzing the influence of blasting pressure relief on the support strength of the bolts and cables in the two crossheadings of the working face.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0027] The blasting pressure relief and monitoring system for the upper-level roadway in a coal mine described in this application includes: Step 1, the design and construction of the upper-level roadway, including the selection of the upper-level roadway horizon and the design of blasting parameters; Step 2, the monitoring of the induced energy of blasting pressure relief in the upper-level roadway: comparing and analyzing the relationship between the released induced energy of blasting and the amount of blasting explosives; Step 3, the monitoring of the production organization of the working face: monitoring the advancement of the working face and the frequency of energy release under different production intensities; Step 4, the monitoring of the mine pressure and surface rock movement: including the comparison of the working resistance of the support, the analysis of the convergence deformation of the roadway, the analysis of the advanced stress in the two roadways, the analysis of cuttings monitoring, and the analysis of surface settlement; Step 5, the microseismic monitoring and analysis, including the analysis of the overall distribution characteristics of microseismic events, the distribution law of quartic events, and the law of warning energy events; Step 6, the mine pressure observation of the upper-level roadway: including multi-point displacement monitoring, the analysis of the surrounding rock deformation of the roadway, and the monitoring and comparison of the forces on the bolts and cables; Using a variety of parameters to construct a joint monitoring system, making full use of spatial monitoring means, monitoring, analyzing, and evaluating the effect of blasting pressure relief in the upper-level roadway, which can achieve effective pressure relief and accurate monitoring, and has strong adaptability in the usage method and monitoring form. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention schematically and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Among them:

[0029] Figure 1 is an example of the plan view of a blasting pressure relief and monitoring system for the upper-level roadway in a coal mine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is an example of the plan and sectional views of the overall design of the upper-level roadway blasting in the working face according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is an example of the plan view of the layout of the surface rock movement measuring stations in the working face according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 1 - upper-level roadway; 2 - plane projection of the blasting roof-cutting hole; 3 - intake airway; 4 - lower crossheading; 5 - goaf; 6 - hanging wall of the fault; 7 - footwall of the fault; 8 - return airway; 9 - connecting roadway; 10 - roadway; 11 - core drilling hole; 12 - connecting line of the ground rock movement measuring points; 13 - working face cutting; 14 - anticline axis. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0033] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the following detailed description, only some exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described by way of illustration. Without doubt, those of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the claims.

[0034] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, a high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system for coal mines includes:

[0035] Step 1, Design and construction of the high-level roadway 1, including the selection of the layer position of the high-level roadway 1 and the design of blasting parameters;

[0036] Step 2, Blasting-induced energy monitoring during the blasting pressure relief of the high-level roadway 1: Comparing and analyzing the relationship between the release of blasting-induced energy and the amount of blasting explosives;

[0037] Step 3, Monitoring of the production organization of the working face: Monitoring the advancement of the working face and the frequency of energy release under different production intensities;

[0038] Step 4, Monitoring of mine pressure and surface rock movement: Including comparison of the working resistance of supports, analysis of the convergence deformation of roadway 10, analysis of the advanced stress in the two roadways, analysis of cuttings monitoring, and analysis of surface subsidence;

[0039] Step 5, Microseismic monitoring and analysis, including analysis of the overall distribution characteristics of microseismic events, the distribution law of quartic events, and the law of warning energy events;

[0040] Step 6, Observation of the mine pressure of the high-level roadway 1: Including multi-point displacement monitoring, analysis of the surrounding rock deformation of roadway 10, and comparison of the stress of bolts and cables.

[0041] Furthermore, the high-level roadway 1 blasting pressure relief and monitoring system for this coal mine specifically includes the following content:

[0042] I. Design and construction of the high-level roadway 1

[0043] Selection of the layer position of the high-level roadway 1: For the working face of extremely thick coal seam mining, the high-level roadway 1 is arranged in the hard rock layer 3 to 8 times the coal thickness above the coal seam. According to the actual lithology, targeted designs are carried out for different regions. For example, in the section with key strata, the line cutting surface block treatment blasting method is adopted, and in the section without key strata, the line cross-section treatment blasting method is adopted.

[0044] Design of blasting parameters: Reasonably design parameters such as the number, position, and charge amount of blasting holes. Different groups of spacings and enhanced blasting holes are designed for different sections.

[0045] II. Blasting-induced energy monitoring

[0046] Energy statistics and analysis: By monitoring and counting the energy release during the blasting process in the upper roadway 1, analyze the relationship between the energy released by 100 kg of explosives and the amount of explosives, as well as the characteristics of energy release in different regions (north section and south section).

[0047] Event location and distribution law: Use positioning technology to determine the location of blasting events, and analyze the plane distribution law and horizon distribution law.

[0048] III. Monitoring of the production organization of the working face

[0049] Monitoring of the production organization: Monitor and control the advancing speed of the working face, carry out production at 1 cut / d, 1.5 cuts / d, 2 cuts / d, and 3 cuts / d respectively, and record the advancing situation of the working face and the monitoring of the energy release frequency under different advancing speeds.

[0050] IV. Monitoring of mine pressure and surface strata movement

[0051] Comparison of the working resistance of supports: By comparing the support resistance in different measuring areas of the working face before and after blasting, analyze the transfer situation of the acting force in the bending and subsidence zone of the overlying strata after the roof cutting of the upper roadway 1.

[0052] Analysis of the convergence deformation of roadway 10: Monitor parameters such as the displacement, deformation rate, and advanced influence distance of the two sides and the roof and floor of roadway 10 before and after blasting, and analyze the influence of the pressure relief of the upper roadway 1 on the convergence deformation of roadway 10.

[0053] Analysis of the advanced stress in the two roadways: Monitor the maximum stress of the intake airway 3 and the return airway 8, analyze the curve of the advanced stress change, and judge the stress warning situation.

[0054] Analysis of drill cuttings monitoring: Through deep-hole drill cuttings stress exploration and deep-hole pressure relief stress exploration, analyze the stress concentration degree and stress transfer situation of the deep coal body.

[0055] Analysis of surface subsidence: Use the ground strata movement measuring station to observe and analyze the ground subsidence amount and subsidence rate above the goaf, and combine the subsidence data of different working faces to infer the existence and change law of the bending and subsidence zone above the goaf.

[0056] V. Microseismic monitoring

[0057] Overall distribution characteristics of microseismic events: Analyze the plane distribution and cross-section distribution characteristics of microseismic events, and determine the distribution range and main horizons of microseismic events in different energy intervals.

[0058] Distribution law of quartic events: Analyze the plane distribution characteristics, horizon distribution characteristics, fracture degree, and occurrence step distance of quartic events, and determine their relationship with factors such as geological structures and the position of the cutting eye.

[0059] Analysis of the law of warning energy events: Analyze the relationship between the fracture horizons and the occurrence step distances of warning energy events since the working face was pushed and mined, and judge the periodicity.

[0060] VI. Mine pressure observation in the high-level roadway 1

[0061] Multi-point displacement monitoring: Through the roof displacement observation of the high-level roadway 1, determine the position and size of the maximum separation amount, and analyze the relationship between the microseismic event dense area and the separation amount.

[0062] Analysis of the surrounding rock deformation of roadway 10: Monitor the maximum displacement amount and convergence rate of the two sides and the roof and floor of the high-level roadway 1, and analyze the overall displacement characteristics of roadway 10.

[0063] Comparison of the stress monitoring of bolts and cables: Compare the stress changes of bolts and cables before and after blasting in the high-level roadway 1, and analyze the influence of blasting pressure relief on the support strength of bolts and cables in the two cross headings of the working face.

[0064] According to the harm degree caused by the roof caving in coal mine mining, the high-level roadway 1 blasting pressure relief and monitoring system designs the blasting pressure relief and blasting hole parameters of the high-level roadway 1 by type. The coverage range of the pressure relief roadway and the blasting hole parameters are set according to the actual situation on site, and the specific monitoring system model is monitored according to the actual situation of the mine. The high-level roadway 1 blasting pressure relief and monitoring system mainly conducts data analysis on the pressure relief effect.

[0065] Figure 1 is an example of the plan view of the coal mine high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system, Figure 2 is an example of the plan and profile views of the overall design of the working face high-level roadway blasting, Figure 3 is an example of the plan view of the layout of the ground rock displacement measuring stations in the working face; in order to better understand the technical solution described in this application through these three figures, some lines and symbols in the figures are briefly described below, Figure 1 In, the area between the hanging wall 6 of the fault and the footwall 7 of the fault is the fault, and the plane projection 2 of the blasting roof cutting hole, the lower crossheading 4, and the goaf 5 are shown in the figure; in Figure 2 the connection roadway 9, roadway 10, and core drilling hole 12 are shown; Figure 3 the ground rock displacement measuring point connection line 12 of each rock displacement measuring point, the working face cutting hole 13, and the anticline axis 14 are shown.

[0066] Features of the technical solution of this application:

[0067] (1) Innovatively construct the high-level roadway 1 blasting pressure relief and monitoring system, and use a variety of parameters to construct a joint monitoring system.

[0068] (2) Make full use of spatial monitoring means to monitor, analyze, and evaluate the blasting pressure relief effect of the high-level roadway 1.

[0069] Beneficial effects of the technical solution of this application:

[0070] (1) It can achieve effective pressure relief: By blasting the high-level roadway 1 to damage the integrity of the rock beam, weaken the force transmission of the overlying high-level rock beam, reduce the rupture range of microseismic events under the secondary disturbance of the working face mining, and reduce local stress concentration.

[0071] (2) It can accurately monitor: Real-time monitor and analyze various aspects such as blasting-induced energy, working face mine pressure, surface rock movement, stress, microseismicity, etc., providing accurate data support for coal mine safety production.

[0072] (3) The usage mode and monitoring form have strong adaptability: Conduct targeted design and construction according to different lithology areas, adapting to coal mine mining under complex geological conditions.

[0073] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of the present invention claimed is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system for coal mines, characterized in that Including: Step 1: Design and construction of the upper roadway, including the selection of the upper roadway horizon and the design of blasting parameters; Step 2: Monitoring of blasting-induced energy release and energy induction during the pressure relief blasting in the upper roadway: Comparing and analyzing the relationship between the blasting-induced energy release and the amount of blasting explosives; Step 3: Monitoring of the production organization of the working face: Monitoring the advancement of the working face and the frequency of energy release under different production intensities; Step 4: Monitoring of mine pressure and surface rock movement: Including comparison of the support working resistance, analysis of roadway convergence deformation, analysis of the advanced stress in the two roadways, analysis of drill cuttings monitoring, and analysis of surface subsidence; Step 5: Microseismic monitoring and analysis, including analysis of the overall distribution characteristics of microseismic events, the distribution law of quartic events, and the law of warning energy events; Step 6: Observation of the mine pressure in the upper roadway: Including multi-point displacement monitoring, analysis of the deformation of the roadway surrounding rock, and comparison of the forces on the bolts and cables; 2. The coal mine high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the said Step 1, the selection of the upper roadway horizon includes arranging the upper roadway in the hard rock layer 3 to 8 times the coal thickness above the coal seam; according to the actual lithology, targeted design is carried out for different regions.

3. The coal mine high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: When carrying out targeted design for different regions, the wire cutting surface block treatment blasting method is adopted in the section with key strata, and the wire transverse section treatment blasting method is adopted in the section without key strata.

4. The coal mine high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The said blasting parameters include the number, position and charge amount of blasting holes.

5. The coal mine high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the said Step 4, the comparison of the support working resistance includes analyzing the transfer of the acting force in the bending and subsidence zone of the overlying rock after the roof cutting by the upper roadway blasting by comparing the support resistance in different measuring areas of the working face before and after blasting.

6. The coal mine high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the said Step 4, the analysis of the roadway convergence deformation includes monitoring the displacement, deformation rate and advanced influence distance of the two sides and the roof and floor of the roadway before and after blasting, and analyzing the influence of the pressure relief blasting in the upper roadway on the roadway convergence deformation.

7. The coal mine high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the said Step 4, the analysis of the advanced stress in the two roadways includes monitoring the maximum stress in the intake airway and the return airway, analyzing the change curve of the advanced stress, and judging the stress warning situation.

8. The coal mine high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the said Step 4, the analysis of the drill cuttings monitoring includes analyzing the stress concentration degree and stress transfer situation of the deep coal body through deep hole drill cuttings stress exploration and deep hole pressure relief stress exploration; The said surface subsidence analysis includes observing and analyzing the ground subsidence amount and subsidence rate above the goaf by using the surface rock movement measuring station, and inferring the existence and change law of the bending and subsidence zone above the goaf by combining the subsidence data of different working faces.

9. The coal mine high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the said Step 5, the overall distribution characteristics of the microseismic events include analyzing the plane distribution and profile distribution characteristics of the microseismic events, and determining the distribution range and main horizons of the microseismic events in different energy intervals; The distribution law of the quartic events includes analyzing the plane distribution characteristics, horizon distribution characteristics, fracture degree and occurrence step distance of the quartic events, and determining the relationship with factors such as geological structure and cutting eye position; The analysis of the law of warning energy events includes analyzing the relationship between the fracture horizon and occurrence step distance of the warning energy events since the working face is pushed and mined, and judging the periodicity.

10. The high-level roadway blasting pressure relief and monitoring system for coal mines according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, In the said Step 6, the multi-point displacement monitoring includes determining the position and size of the maximum separation amount through the displacement observation of the upper roadway roof, and analyzing the relationship between the microseismic event dense area and the separation amount; The analysis of the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway includes monitoring the maximum displacement and convergence rate of the two sides and the roof and floor of the upper-level roadway, and analyzing the overall displacement characteristics of the roadway; The monitoring and comparison of the forces on the bolts and cables include comparing the force changes of the bolts and cables before and after blasting in the upper-level roadway, and analyzing the influence of blasting pressure relief on the support strength of the bolts and cables in the two crossheadings of the working face.

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