Oil-water well data control system based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention discloses an oil-water well data control system based on the Internet of Things, and relates to the field of telecommunication. Comprising a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data server and a control terminal, the data transmission module is mounted at the equipment of the oil-water well and is used for communication between the equipment and between the equipment and the system; the data server comprises a data processing module used for processing acquired data; and the data storage module is used for storing the data by adopting a distributed architecture and fusing an authority management mode. The system gets rid of traditional industrial personal computer control, adopts a sensor to collect data, then adopts a communication network to perform communication, then utilizes data processing and storage, and finally adopts a control terminal to perform centralized control, so that the advantages of large control range, high control precision and high intelligent degree can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric communication, and particularly to an oil well and water well data control system based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] Oil production wells and water injection wells, as the most basic production units in the Yanchang Oilfield, are mostly distributed in the wild. A well site can consist of one oil production well, or multiple oil production wells, or can also include water injection wells. There are fences around the well site to protect the oil wells and water wells. The production station manages multiple well sites, and the management of the well site adopts the on-site or patrol well mode. The oil production team manages multiple production stations, and the oil production plant manages multiple oil production teams.

[0003] In the water injection system, the water that has been treated to the standard is pressurized by the water injection pump house through the water injection station to become the high-pressure water required for oilfield development, and is sent to each water injection pipeline through the high-pressure steady flow valve group, and is sent to the water injection well through the high-pressure flow automatic control instrument installed in the water distribution room and injected into the oil layer. Generally, a single-pipe multi-well water injection process is adopted. After the water source is treated by the water injection station, it is pressurized and sent to the multi-well water distribution room to the water injection well. The characteristics of this water injection process are flexible water injection, strong anti-interference ability, convenient for centralized management and communication, and conducive to centralized control. This water distribution process has strong functionality and is suitable for water injection development blocks with a large oilfield area, many water injection wells, and a large water injection volume.

[0004] The effective monitoring of the oil well and water well production unit is the guarantee for safe and effective oil production, and is an important guarantee for safe, stable and effective water injection in the oilfield. However, in the traditional technology, the monitoring of the oil well production unit still relies on a simple industrial control computer, which has the defects of small control range, low control accuracy and low intelligence level.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention proposes an oil well and water well data control system based on the Internet of Things. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the disadvantages existing in the prior art, and to propose an oil well and water well data control system based on the Internet of Things.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] An oil well and water well data control system based on the Internet of Things includes: a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data server and a control terminal, wherein:

[0009] The data acquisition module uses a variety of sensors to collect data of oil wells and water wells;

[0010] The data transmission module is installed at the equipment of the oil well and water well, and is used for communication between equipment and equipment, and between equipment and the system;

[0011] The data server includes:

[0012] A data processing module that processes the collected data;

[0013] A data storage module that adopts a distributed architecture and integrates a permission management mode to store data;

[0014] A control terminal that includes a PC terminal, a mobile terminal, and a web terminal, and is used for operation and maintenance management, device monitoring, and device control of the entire system;

[0015] And the control terminal is built-in with an execution control module that controls the equipment of oil and water wells according to the control instructions of the control terminal, and performs compensating negative feedback control in combination with the data acquisition module.

[0016] Preferably: The communication protocols of the analog-to-digital IO to RS485 module, the three-phase electrical parameter module, and the frequency converter module in the data transmission module adopt the Modbus-RTU protocol, the baud rate is 115200, the data bits are 8 bits, the stop bits are 1 bit, there is no parity check, the data format is HEX hexadecimal, the address of the digital-to-analog IO to RS485 module is 1, the address of the three-phase electrical parameter module is 2, and the address of the frequency converter module is 3. The analog-to-digital IO to RS485 module controls 8 channels of AI, 4 channels of DI, and 4 channels of DO through the RS485 protocol.

[0017] Preferably: The data transmission module adopts networking based on the Internet of Things mode, and its communication mode adopts a transmission method based on the maximum communication quality or based on the maximum communication rate;

[0018] The networking method based on the Internet of Things mode includes the following steps:

[0019] A1: Install a data transmission module in each device and assign a unique identifier to each data transmission module to form a communication node;

[0020] A2: Establish a three-dimensional space model according to the actual three-dimensional space positions of all communication nodes, and perform equal space division on the three-dimensional space model to form n regions;

[0021] A3: In each region, the communication node located at the center or the closest to the center is used as the core node, and the remaining communication nodes in the region are authenticated with the core node and a communication connection is established to form a separate communication network. At the same time, increase the communication threads of the core node and enhance the communication ability of the core node;

[0022] A4: Authenticate and establish a communication connection between each core node and the data server, and between every two core nodes to form the entire communication network.

[0023] Preferably, the communication method based on the maximum communication quality includes the following steps:

[0024] B1: Transmit the communication data in each area to the core node to form a communication data packet for one area;

[0025] B2: By means of testing, obtain the communication loss ΔW between every two core nodes o→i , which represents the communication between core node o and core node i, and the signal strength loss value is ΔW, and obtain the communication loss ΔW between each node and the server i ′, which represents the communication between core node i and the data server, and the signal strength loss value is ΔW′;

[0026] B3: Select one of the core nodes, and transmit the data of all core nodes to this core node, where the transmission paths are formed in the form of a combination arrangement to form m paths;

[0027] B4: Calculate the sum of communication losses ∑ΔW in each path, and select a path with the minimum sum of communication losses. Its loss amount is min∑ΔW, and then calculate the total communication loss ΔW 总 = min∑ΔW + ΔW′;

[0028] B5: Select other core nodes, and repeat steps B3 and B4 until all core nodes are traversed, then select the core node with the minimum ΔW 总 as the summary node, and perform transmission according to the corresponding transmission path.

[0029] Preferably, the communication method based on the maximum communication rate includes the following steps:

[0030] C1: Transmit the communication data in each area to the core node to form a communication data packet for one area;

[0031] C2: Combine all the core nodes in pairs, and calculate their communication rate V o→i , which represents the communication rate from node o to node i, and then calculate the communication rate V between each core node and the data server i ;

[0032] C3: Select one of the core nodes, calculate the sum of the communication speeds between all other core nodes and this core node, and then select the maximum value among them as the matching path for this core node;

[0033] C4: Select other core nodes, repeat step C3 until all core nodes are traversed, then select the minimum value of the sum of communication speeds as the communication node for this time, and then perform communication according to the matching path of this communication node in step C3.

[0034] Preferably, the working logic of the data storage module is as follows:

[0035] D1: Divide the entire storage module into multiple storage units with different security levels;

[0036] D2: Manually assign the security level of the data to all the collected data;

[0037] D3: Store the data corresponding to the security level of the storage unit and the data with a lower security level than that of the storage unit into the storage unit;

[0038] D4: When establishing a login system account for each user, assign a user level at the same time. The user level corresponds to the security level of the storage unit. When the user accesses the system, the user can access the data storage unit that matches the user level.

[0039] Preferably, the control logic of the execution control module includes the following steps:

[0040] E1: The administrator issues a control instruction for the device, and the theoretical execution result value of the control instruction is P;

[0041] E2: The device receives the control instruction and then executes it;

[0042] E21: When executing for the first time, the sensor at the device collects the actual execution result value P' of the device. If P' = P, the execution is accurate. If P' ≠ P, perform secondary compensation execution according to P - P' until P' = P;

[0043] E22: When executing at other times, the device performs compensation in the form of adjacent node error and then executes the action of this command.

[0044] Preferably, in the step E22, the form of adjacent node error includes the following steps:

[0045] E21: Obtain the error ΔP = P - P' between the theoretical value of the command and the actual execution value without compensation in the past, where P is the theoretical execution result value of the control instruction and P' is the actual execution result of the first execution without compensation;

[0046] E22: Then calculate the compensation value according to the formula and then replace the theoretical value of the command with P - ΔP' and apply it to the device for execution, where ΔP i is the error of the i-th execution before the current execution.

[0047] Preferably, in the step E22, k i is the weight of P i and k i > k i+1 .

[0048] Preferably, in the step E22, where a0 → a n is a positive number and n is a positive integer.

[0049] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0050] 1. The present invention gets rid of the traditional industrial computer control, uses sensors to collect data, then uses a communication network for communication, then utilizes data processing and storage, and finally uses a control terminal for centralized control, so as to achieve the advantages of a large control range, high control precision, and high intelligence level.

[0051] 2. In the present invention, for the communication mode, the whole is first divided into multiple local area networks, then the local area networks are used for networking, and finally a communication control is carried out using a control algorithm with the maximum speed or maximum quality, so that the communication mode can be targeted according to actual needs.

[0052] 3. In the present invention, for the execution control, it is realized by using compensated negative feedback control. Compared with the traditional feedback control, there is no need to repeatedly communicate between the control terminal and the device to apply control instructions, so that the device and the instructions are more in line, and the delay is reduced.

[0053] 4. In the present invention, for the compensation value of the compensation type, it is compensated in the form of the error of adjacent nodes, and the compensation value is calculated by using a weighted form, and the expression form of the weight makes the result closer to the recent compensation result, so as to increase the compensation precision and ultimately increase the control precision of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 is the architecture diagram of the oil well data control system based on the Internet of Things proposed by the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 is the networking flow chart of the oil well data control system based on the Internet of Things proposed by the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 is the storage logic diagram of the oil well data control system based on the Internet of Things proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0057] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiments.

[0058] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", "linkage", and "setting" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be fixedly connected and set, or detachably connected and set, or integrally connected and set. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0059] Embodiment 1:

[0060] An oil well data control system based on the Internet of Things, which includes: a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data server, and a control terminal, where:

[0061] The data acquisition module uses a variety of sensors to collect data of the oil well.

[0062] The data transmission module is installed at the equipment of the oil well and is used for communication between equipment and between equipment and the system.

[0063] The data server includes:

[0064] The data processing module processes the collected data.

[0065] The data storage module adopts a distributed architecture and integrates a permission management mode to store data.

[0066] The control terminal includes a PC terminal, a mobile terminal, and a web terminal, and is used for operation and maintenance management, equipment monitoring, and equipment control of the entire system.

[0067] And the control terminal is built-in with an execution control module, which controls the equipment of the oil well according to the control instructions of the control terminal and performs compensated negative feedback control in combination with the data acquisition module.

[0068] Embodiment 2:

[0069] An oil well data control system based on the Internet of Things, which includes: a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data server, and a control terminal, where:

[0070] The data acquisition module uses a variety of sensors to collect data of the oil well.

[0071] The data transmission module is installed at the equipment of the oil well and is used for communication between equipment and between equipment and the system.

[0072] The data server includes:

[0073] The data processing module processes the collected data.

[0074] A data storage module, which adopts a distributed architecture and integrates a permission management mode to store data;

[0075] A control terminal, which includes a PC terminal, a mobile terminal and a web terminal, and is used for operation and maintenance management, equipment monitoring and equipment control of the entire system;

[0076] And an execution control module is built in the control terminal, which controls the equipment of oil and water wells according to the control instructions of the control terminal and performs compensated negative feedback control in combination with the data acquisition module.

[0077] For the analog-to-digital IO to RS485 module, three-phase electrical parameter module, and frequency converter module in the data transmission module, the communication protocol adopts the Modbus-RTU protocol, the baud rate is 115200, the data bits are 8 bits, the stop bits are 1 bit, there is no parity check, the data format is HEX hexadecimal, the address of the digital-to-analog IO to RS485 module is 1, the address of the three-phase electrical parameter module is 2, and the address of the frequency converter module is 3. The analog-to-digital IO to RS485 module controls 8 AI, 4 DI, and 4 DO through the RS485 protocol.

[0078] The data transmission module adopts networking based on the Internet of Things mode.

[0079] The networking method based on the Internet of Things mode includes the following steps:

[0080] A1: Install a data transmission module in each device and assign a unique identifier to each data transmission module to form a communication node;

[0081] A2: Establish a three-dimensional space model according to the actual three-dimensional space positions of all communication nodes, and perform equal space division on the three-dimensional space model to form n regions;

[0082] A3: In each region, the communication node located at the center or the closest to the center is used as the core node, and the remaining communication nodes in the region are authenticated with the core node and a communication connection is established to form a separate communication network. At the same time, increase the communication threads of the core node and enhance the communication ability of the core node;

[0083] A4: Authenticate and establish a communication connection between each core node and the data server, and between every two core nodes to form the entire communication network.

[0084] Embodiment 3:

[0085] An oil and water well data control system based on the Internet of Things, which includes: a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data server and a control terminal, where:

[0086] A data acquisition module, which acquires data of oil and water wells by using a variety of sensors;

[0087] A data transmission module, which is installed at the equipment of oil and water wells and is used for communication between equipment and between equipment and the system;

[0088] The data server includes:

[0089] A data processing module, which processes the collected data;

[0090] A data storage module, which adopts a distributed architecture and integrates a permission management mode to store data;

[0091] A control terminal, which includes a PC terminal, a mobile terminal and a web terminal, and is used for operation and maintenance management, equipment monitoring and equipment control of the entire system;

[0092] And the control terminal is built-in with an execution control module, which controls the equipment of the oil and water wells according to the control instructions of the control terminal and performs compensated negative feedback control in combination with the data acquisition module.

[0093] For the analog-to-digital quantity IO to RS485 module, three-phase electrical parameter module, and frequency converter module in the data transmission module, the communication protocol adopts the Modbus-RTU protocol, the baud rate is 115200, the data bits are 8 bits, the stop bits are 1 bit, there is no parity check, the data format is HEX hexadecimal, the address of the digital quantity IO to RS485 module is 1, the address of the three-phase electrical parameter module is 2, and the address of the frequency converter module is 3. The analog-to-digital quantity IO to RS485 module controls 8 channels of AI, 4 channels of DI, and 4 channels of DO through the RS485 protocol.

[0094] The data transmission module adopts networking based on the Internet of Things mode, and its communication mode adopts a transmission method based on the maximum communication quality.

[0095] The networking method based on the Internet of Things mode includes the following steps:

[0096] A1: Install a data transmission module in each equipment and assign a unique identifier to each data transmission module to form a communication node;

[0097] A2: Establish a three-dimensional space model according to the actual three-dimensional space positions of all communication nodes, and perform equal space division on the three-dimensional space model to form n regions;

[0098] A3: In each region, the communication node located at the center or the closest to the center is used as the core node, and the remaining communication nodes in the region are authenticated with the core node and a communication connection is established to form a separate communication network. At the same time, increase the communication threads of the core node and increase the communication ability of the core node;

[0099] A4: Authenticate each core node with the data server and every two core nodes, and establish communication connections to form the entire communication network.

[0100] The communication method based on the maximum communication quality includes the following steps:

[0101] B1: Transmit the communication data in each area to the core nodes to form a communication data packet for one area;

[0102] B2: By means of testing, obtain the communication loss ΔW between every two core nodes o→i , which represents the communication between core node o and core node i, and the signal strength loss value is ΔW, and obtain the communication loss ΔW i ' between each node and the server, which represents the communication between core node i and the data server, and the signal strength loss value is ΔW';

[0103] B3: Select one of the core nodes, and transmit the data of all core nodes to this core node, where the transmission paths are formed in the form of combined permutations to form m paths;

[0104] B4: Calculate the sum of communication losses ∑ΔW in each path, and select the path with the smallest sum of communication losses, and its loss amount is min∑ΔW, and then calculate the total communication loss ΔW 总 = min∑ΔW + ΔW';

[0105] B5: Select other core nodes, and repeat steps B3 and B4 until all core nodes are traversed, and select the core node with the smallest ΔW 总 as the summary node, and transmit according to the corresponding transmission path.

[0106] Example 4:

[0107] The oil well data control system based on the Internet of Things includes: a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data server, and a control terminal, where:

[0108] The data acquisition module uses a variety of sensors to collect data of oil wells;

[0109] The data transmission module is installed at the equipment of the oil well and is used for communication between equipment and equipment, and between equipment and the system;

[0110] The data server includes:

[0111] The data processing module processes the collected data;

[0112] The data storage module adopts a distributed architecture and integrates a permission management mode to store data;

[0113] The control terminal, which includes a PC terminal, a mobile terminal, and a web terminal, is used for operation and maintenance management, device monitoring, and device control of the entire system;

[0114] And the control terminal is built-in with an execution control module, which controls the equipment of oil wells and water wells according to the control instructions of the control terminal, and performs compensated negative feedback control in combination with the data acquisition module.

[0115] For the analog-to-digital I / O to RS485 module, three-phase electrical parameter module, and frequency converter module in the data transmission module, the communication protocol adopts the Modbus-RTU protocol, the baud rate is 115200, the data bits are 8 bits, the stop bit is 1 bit, there is no parity check, the data format is HEX hexadecimal, the address of the digital-to-digital I / O to RS485 module is 1, the address of the three-phase electrical parameter module is 2, and the address of the frequency converter module is 3. The analog-to-digital I / O to RS485 module controls 8 channels of AI, 4 channels of DI, and 4 channels of DO through the RS485 protocol.

[0116] The data transmission module uses networking based on the Internet of Things mode, and its communication mode adopts a transmission method based on the maximum communication rate.

[0117] The networking method based on the Internet of Things mode includes the following steps:

[0118] A1: Install a data transmission module inside each device and assign a unique identifier to each data transmission module to form a communication node;

[0119] A2: Establish a three-dimensional space model based on the actual three-dimensional space positions of all communication nodes, and perform equal space division on the three-dimensional space model to form n regions;

[0120] A3: In each region, the communication node located at the center or the closest to the center is used as the core node, and the remaining communication nodes in the region are authenticated with the core node and a communication connection is established to form a separate communication network. At the same time, increase the communication threads of the core node and enhance the communication ability of the core node;

[0121] A4: Authenticate and establish a communication connection between each core node and the data server, and between every two core nodes to form the entire communication network.

[0122] The communication method based on the maximum communication rate includes the following steps:

[0123] C1: Transmit all the communication data in each region to the core node to form a communication data packet for one region;

[0124] C2: Combine all the core nodes in pairs and calculate their communication rate V o→i, which represents the communication rate from the o node to the i node, and then calculates the communication rate V between each core node and the data server i ;

[0125] C3: Select one of the core nodes, calculate the sum of the communication speeds between all other core nodes and this core node, and then select the maximum value of the sum of speeds as the matching path for this core node;

[0126] C4: Select other core nodes, repeat step C3 until all core nodes are traversed, then select the minimum value of the sum of communication speeds as the communication node for this time, and then communicate according to the matching path of this communication node in step C3.

[0127] Embodiment 5:

[0128] An oil well data control system based on the Internet of Things, which includes: a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data server, and a control terminal, where:

[0129] The data acquisition module uses a variety of sensors to collect data from oil wells;

[0130] The data transmission module is installed at the equipment of the oil well and is used for communication between devices and between devices and the system;

[0131] The data server includes:

[0132] The data processing module processes the collected data;

[0133] The data storage module adopts a distributed architecture and integrates a permission management mode to store data;

[0134] The control terminal includes a PC side, a mobile side, and a web side, and is used for operation and maintenance management, equipment monitoring, and equipment control of the entire system;

[0135] And the control terminal is built-in with an execution control module, which controls the equipment of the oil well according to the control instructions of the control terminal and performs compensated negative feedback control in combination with the data acquisition module.

[0136] The communication protocols of the analog-to-digital IO to RS485 module, three-phase electrical parameter module, and frequency converter module in the data transmission module adopt the Modbus-RTU protocol, the baud rate is 115200, the data bits are 8 bits, the stop bit is 1 bit, there is no parity check, the data format is HEX hexadecimal, the address of the digital-to-analog IO to RS485 module is 1, the address of the three-phase electrical parameter module is 2, and the address of the frequency converter module is 3. The analog-to-digital IO to RS485 module controls 8 AI, 4 DI, and 4 DO through the RS485 protocol.

[0137] The working logic of the data storage module is as follows:

[0138] D1: Divide the entire storage module into multiple storage units with different security levels;

[0139] D2: Manually assign the security level of the data to all the collected data;

[0140] D3: Store the data corresponding to the security level of the storage unit and the data with a lower security level than that of the storage unit in this storage unit;

[0141] D4: When creating a login system account for each user, assign a user level at the same time. The user level corresponds to the security level of the storage unit. When the user accesses the system, the user can access the data storage unit that matches the user level.

[0142] The control logic of the execution control module includes the following steps:

[0143] E1: The administrator issues a control instruction for the device, and the theoretical execution result value of this control instruction is P;

[0144] E2: The device receives the control instruction and then executes it;

[0145] E21: When executing for the first time, the sensor at the device collects the actual execution result value P' of the device. If P' = P, the execution is accurate. If P' ≠ P, perform secondary compensation execution according to P - P' until P' = P;

[0146] E22: When executing at other times, the device performs compensation in the form of adjacent node error and then executes the action of this command.

[0147] In the E22 step, the form of adjacent node error includes the following steps:

[0148] E21: Obtain the error ΔP = P - P' between the theoretical value of the command and the actual execution value when there is no compensation in the past. P is the theoretical execution result value of the control instruction, and P' is the actual execution result of the first execution without compensation;

[0149] E22: Then calculate the compensation value according to the formula and then replace the theoretical value of the command with P - ΔP' and apply it to the device for execution, where ΔP i is the execution error of the i-th execution before the current execution.

[0150] In the E22 step, k i is the weight of P i , k i > k i+1 .

[0151] In the E22 step, where a0 → a n is a positive number, and n is a positive integer.

[0152] As described above, the above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, making equivalent substitutions or changes should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An oil well data control system based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that, Including: A data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data server, and a control terminal, where: The data acquisition module uses multiple sensors to acquire data of oil and water wells; The data transmission module is installed at the equipment of the oil and water wells and is used for communication between devices and between devices and the system; The data server includes: A data processing module that processes the acquired data; A data storage module that adopts a distributed architecture and integrates a permission management mode to store data; The control terminal includes a PC terminal, a mobile terminal, and a web terminal, and is used for operation and maintenance management, equipment monitoring, and equipment control of the entire system; And the control terminal is built-in with an execution control module, which controls the equipment of the oil and water wells according to the control instructions of the control terminal and performs compensated negative feedback control in combination with the data acquisition module.

2. The oil well data control system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that The communication protocols of the analog-to-digital IO to RS485 module, the three-phase electrical parameter module, and the frequency converter module in the data transmission module adopt the Modbus-RTU protocol, the baud rate is 115200, the data bits are 8 bits, the stop bits are 1 bit, there is no parity check, the data format is HEX hexadecimal, the address of the digital-to-analog IO to RS485 module is 1, the address of the three-phase electrical parameter module is 2, the address of the frequency converter module is 3, and the analog-to-digital IO to RS485 module controls 8 channels of AI, 4 channels of DI, and 4 channels of DO through the RS485 protocol.

3. The data control system for oil and water wells based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, wherein, The data transmission module adopts networking based on the Internet of Things mode, and its communication mode adopts a transmission method based on the maximum communication quality or based on the maximum communication rate; The networking method based on the Internet of Things mode includes the following steps: A1: Install a data transmission module in each device and assign a unique identifier to each data transmission module to form a communication node; A2: Establish a three-dimensional space model according to the actual three-dimensional space positions of all communication nodes, and perform equal space division on the three-dimensional space model to form n regions; A3: In each region, the communication node located at the center or the closest to the center is used as the core node, and the remaining communication nodes in the region are authenticated with the core node and a communication connection is established to form a separate communication network. At the same time, increase the communication threads of the core node and increase the communication ability of the core node; A4: Authenticate and establish a communication connection between each core node and the data server and between every two core nodes to form the entire communication network.

4. The data control system for oil and water wells based on the Internet of Things according to claim 3, characterized in that, The communication method based on the maximum communication quality includes the following steps: B1: Transmit the communication data in each region to the core node to form a communication data packet for one region; B2: By means of testing, obtain the communication loss ΔW between every two core nodes o→i , which represents the communication between core node o and core node i, and the signal strength loss value is ΔW, and obtain the communication loss ΔW between each node and the server i ′, which represents the communication between core node i and the data server, and the signal strength loss value is ΔW′; B3: Select one of the core nodes and transmit the data of all core nodes to this core node, where the transmission paths are formed in the form of a combination arrangement to form m paths; B4: Calculate the communication loss and ∑ΔW in each path, and select the path with the minimum communication loss. Its loss amount is min∑ΔW, and then calculate the total communication loss ΔW 总 = min∑ΔW + ΔW′; B5: Select other core nodes and repeat steps B3 and B4 until after traversing all core nodes, select the core node with the smallest ΔW 总 as the summary node and perform transmission according to the corresponding transmission path.

5. The data control system for oil and water wells based on the Internet of Things according to claim 3, characterized in that, The communication method based on the maximum communication rate includes the following steps: C1: Transmit the communication data in each region to the core node to form a communication data packet for one region; C2: Pair up all the core nodes and calculate their communication rate V o→i , which represents the communication rate from node o to node i. Subsequently, calculate the communication rate V between each core node and the data server i ; C3: Select one of the core nodes, calculate the sum of the communication speeds between this core node and all other core nodes, and then select the maximum value among these sums as the matching path for this core node; C4: Select other core nodes, repeat step C3 until all core nodes are traversed, then select the minimum value of the sum of communication speeds as the communication node for this communication, and then communicate according to the matching path of this communication node in step C3.

6. The data control system for oil and water wells based on the Internet of Things according to claim 5, characterized in that, The working logic of the data storage module is as follows: D1: Divide the entire storage module into multiple storage units with different security levels; D2: Manually assign the security level of the data to all the collected data; D3: Store the data corresponding to the security level of the storage unit and the data with a security level lower than that of this storage unit into this storage unit; D4: When creating a login system account for each user, assign a user level at the same time. The user level corresponds to the security level of the storage unit. When the user accesses the system, the user can access the data storage unit that matches the user level.

7. The data control system for oil and water wells based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control logic of the execution control module includes the following steps: E1: The administrator issues a control instruction for the device, and the theoretical execution result value of this control instruction is P; E2: The device receives the control instruction and then executes it; E21: When executing for the first time, the sensor at the device collects the actual execution result value P' of the device. If P' = P, the execution is accurate. If P' ≠ P, perform secondary compensation execution according to P - P' until P' = P; E22: When executing at other times, the device performs compensation in the form of adjacent node errors and then executes the action of this command.

8. The data control system for oil and water wells based on the Internet of Things according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step E22, the form of adjacent node errors includes the following steps: E21: Obtain the error ΔP = P - P' between the theoretical value of the command and the actual execution value without compensation in the past, where P is the theoretical execution result value of the control instruction and P' is the actual execution result of the first execution without compensation; E22: Then, calculate the compensation value according to the formula and then replace the command theoretical value with P - ΔP′ and apply it to the device for execution, where ΔP i is the error of the i-th execution before the current execution.

9. The data control system for oil and water wells based on the Internet of Things according to claim 8, wherein In the step E22, k i is the weight of P i , and k i > k i+1 .

10. The data control system for oil and water wells based on the Internet of Things according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the step E22, where a0 → a n is a positive number and n is a positive integer.

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