Pipeline electronic label management system based on multi-frequency fusion

Abstract

This invention provides a pipeline electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion, which relates to the field of Internet of Things technology. The system includes a dual-band module for integrating electronic tags with both high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio frequencies onto the surface of target objects, enabling dual-modal functionality. A signal processing module, leveraging the dual-modal functionality of the tags, simultaneously acquires high-frequency positioning signals and ultra-high-frequency identification signals via a multi-band reader / writer array to produce a pre-processed signal stream aligned in the time domain. This invention improves the effectiveness of tag identification, data transmission, and production management in complex scenarios, reducing errors and costs while improving efficiency and quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of Internet of Things, and in particular to an assembly line electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion. Background Art

[0002] In the field of electronic tag management for assembly lines, while traditional technologies can meet basic management needs, they have certain limitations in complex application scenarios. For example, single-frequency identification technology struggles to balance efficiency and accuracy in dynamic, high-density tagging environments. In express delivery sorting, tens of thousands of packages are processed per hour. Traditional low-frequency electronic tag management systems, due to weak signal penetration, are prone to missed reads when packages pass quickly through conveyor belts. This results in some packages not being entered into the system in a timely manner, impacting sorting efficiency and delivery timeliness. High-frequency tags, on the other hand, are susceptible to signal interference with metal-packaged goods, leading to misreadings. This can cause metal canned goods destined for location A to be mistakenly sorted to location B, resulting in delivery errors and customer complaints.

[0003] In addition, traditional technologies also have shortcomings in environmental adaptability. Traditional electronic tag management systems based on a single communication protocol have poor waterproof performance of electronic tags, and tag data is easily lost or damaged due to water vapor intrusion; at the same time, high temperature environments will also affect the working stability of the tags, resulting in abnormal data reading, making the product traceability information records in the production process incomplete, and unable to accurately track product production processes and quality information. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pipeline electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion, integrating multi-band communication technology, and improving tag recognition accuracy, anti-interference ability and environmental adaptability in dynamic scenarios.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0006] First, the pipeline electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion includes:

[0007] Dual-band module, used to integrate high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency dual-band radio frequency electronic tags on the surface of target objects, forming dual-mode functions of tags;

[0008] The signal processing module is used to synchronously acquire high-frequency positioning signals and ultra-high-frequency identification signals through a multi-band reader array based on the dual-modal function of the tag to obtain a pre-processed signal stream aligned in the time domain;

[0009] The protocol fusion module is used to reconstruct heterogeneous signals into a time-space-correlated standard communication frame sequence based on the preprocessed signal stream and using the protocol conversion middleware;

[0010] Parameter control module, used to dynamically adjust the dual-band parameter configuration through the radio controller based on high-frequency positioning accuracy data and ultra-high frequency identification throughput data;

[0011] The spatial calibration module is used to compare the geometric deviation of the electronic tag's RF positioning coordinates and the optical reference in real time based on the current dual-band parameter configuration after the mode switch is triggered, and generate a dynamic attitude compensation matrix;

[0012] The posture tracking module is used to inject the dynamic posture compensation matrix into the standard communication frame sequence, and adopts the sliding window mechanism to synchronize the high-frequency three-dimensional coordinate data with the ultra-high-frequency identity data in time and space, so as to realize the real-time posture tracking and abnormal deviation warning of the assembly line materials.

[0013] Furthermore, an electronic tag with high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency dual-band radio frequency is integrated on the surface of the target object to form a dual-mode function of the tag, including:

[0014] Design a nested dual-band antenna structure, where a planar spiral coil antenna is used for near-field electromagnetic coupling in the high-frequency band, and a dipole antenna is used for far-field radiation in the ultra-high-frequency band. The two antennas are isolated by an electromagnetic shielding layer to prevent signal crosstalk between the frequency bands.

[0015] Based on the antenna structure, dual-channel modulation and demodulation are embedded in the electronic tag baseband processor, and the high-frequency positioning channel and the ultra-high-frequency identification channel are alternately activated through a time-division multiplexing mechanism. The activation period of each channel is controlled within 5ms.

[0016] Utilizing dual-channel modulation and demodulation, the relative position of the tag and reader antenna is calculated using the phase difference method in high-frequency positioning mode, achieving a three-dimensional spatial positioning error of ≤±1.5mm. In ultra-high frequency recognition mode, the Aloha anti-collision algorithm is used to achieve a single reading range of ≥300 tags.

[0017] Based on dual-mode output data, the tag dynamically switches working modes through the state machine controller built into the tag. When it detects that the assembly line enters the assembly station, the high-frequency positioning mode is enabled, and when the radio frequency field strength threshold of the storage area is detected, it automatically switches to the ultra-high frequency recognition mode.

[0018] Furthermore, based on the dual-modal function of the tag, a multi-band reader array is used to synchronously acquire high-frequency positioning signals and ultra-high-frequency identification signals to obtain a time-domain aligned pre-processed signal stream, including:

[0019] A multi-band reader / writer is constructed using a four-channel loop antenna array, and a phase synchronization controller is used to achieve synchronous acquisition of high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency dual-modal signals.

[0020] The acquired dual-band mixed signal is input into the reconfigurable RF front-end, which analyzes the signal spectrum characteristics in real time through dynamic impedance matching and dynamically adjusts the resonant frequency of the inductor-capacitor matching network to the target frequency band to achieve signal power spectrum balance.

[0021] Based on signal power spectrum equalization, an adaptive filter bank is used to perform frequency band-specific noise suppression, and the filtered signal strength is monitored in real time through a dual-channel power detection circuit to form a time-domain aligned preprocessed signal stream.

[0022] Furthermore, based on the preprocessed signal stream, the heterogeneous signals are reconstructed into a time-space-correlated standard communication frame sequence using protocol conversion middleware, including:

[0023] Based on the time-domain alignment characteristics of the pre-processed signal stream, the physical layer band switching engine performs carrier frequency separation on the dual-band signal, extracting the phase modulation waveform of the high-band signal and the pulse amplitude modulation waveform of the ultra-high-band signal;

[0024] In the protocol conversion middleware, the millimeter-level three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the tag are calculated using a Doppler shift compensation algorithm based on the phase jump interval and amplitude change value in the high-frequency carrier phase differential sequence, combined with the preset spatial distribution topology of the reader array. The tag's identity identifier and attached attribute data are then decoded based on the time slot distribution pattern of the ultra-high-frequency pulse interval coding sequence.

[0025] Based on the synchronized timestamp information in the preprocessed signal stream, a spatiotemporal mapping relationship is established between the high-frequency 3D coordinate data and the ultra-high-frequency identity data. The spatial coordinate clusters of the tags in the same time window are associated and bound with the identity data blocks through a dynamic hash table.

[0026] Based on the timing constraints of the pipeline transmission scenario, the time-space bound data is frame-reconstructed according to the standard communication protocol format to generate a standard communication frame sequence including time-space-identity multi-dimensional associations.

[0027] Furthermore, based on the time domain alignment characteristics of the pre-processed signal stream, the physical layer band switching engine performs carrier frequency separation on the dual-band signal to extract the phase modulation waveform of the high-band signal and the pulse amplitude modulation waveform of the ultra-high-band signal, including:

[0028] A bandpass filter bank is used to separate the frequency bands of the pre-processed signal stream according to preset high-band and ultra-high-band parameters;

[0029] The separated high-frequency band signal is orthogonally coherently demodulated, the carrier phase offset is tracked through a phase-locked loop, and the spatial azimuth information of the tag is reconstructed based on the phase difference between the in-phase and quadrature baseband signals;

[0030] Perform envelope detection and pulse shaping on the separated UHF band signal, and use the adaptive threshold decision circuit to eliminate the pulse distortion caused by the multipath effect;

[0031] The demodulated high-frequency phase modulation waveform and the ultra-high-frequency pulse amplitude waveform are time-scale synchronized, and the dual-band waveform delay is compensated according to the clock synchronization signal of the reader array.

[0032] Furthermore, based on the high-frequency positioning accuracy data and the ultra-high frequency identification throughput data, the radio controller dynamically adjusts the dual-band parameter configuration, including:

[0033] Based on the residual distribution data of high-frequency three-dimensional coordinates in the standard communication frame sequence, the radio controller analyzes the phase stability of the high-frequency band signal and determines the tag identification conflict status based on the loss rate of the ultra-high frequency identity data;

[0034] Based on the phase stability of high-frequency signals, the carrier frequency step accuracy and the transmission power gradient of each antenna in the reader array are dynamically adjusted, and the stable range of phase modulation depth is maintained through closed-loop feedback control.

[0035] Based on the UHF tag recognition conflict status, a dynamic frame time slot allocation algorithm is used to adjust the time window length of the anti-collision protocol. In addition, the quality factor parameters are adaptively adjusted based on the tag response delay distribution to achieve the adaptation of the number of effective response tags in a single reading cycle to the material density of the assembly line.

[0036] When the high-frequency positioning residual is greater than the preset threshold, the linkage adjustment of the ultra-high frequency band signal processing mechanism is triggered synchronously;

[0037] During the parameter adjustment process, the dual-band energy consumption status is monitored in real time, and the high-frequency positioning mode and ultra-high-frequency parameter configuration are adjusted through dynamic power allocation strategies.

[0038] Furthermore, after the mode switch is triggered, based on the current dual-band parameter configuration, the geometric deviation of the electronic tag's RF positioning coordinates and the optical reference is compared in real time to generate a dynamic attitude compensation matrix, including:

[0039] Two sets of infrared optical fiducial markers are deployed upstream and downstream of the pipeline transmission path. Each set includes three non-collinear marker points. The absolute spatial coordinates of each marker point are calibrated using a laser rangefinder to construct a global calibration coordinate system.

[0040] When the electronic tag enters the coverage area of the optical reference mark, the high-speed imaging device is started to synchronously acquire the optical identification features on the tag surface, and the spatial posture parameters of the tag in the optical reference coordinate system are analyzed through multi-view spatial geometric relationships;

[0041] The RF positioning coordinates and optical pose parameters are mapped to the same coordinate system, and the dynamic pose compensation matrix including the translation compensation vector and the rotation compensation matrix is generated in combination with the pipeline transmission speed.

[0042] Furthermore, the dynamic posture compensation matrix is injected into the standard communication frame sequence, and a sliding window mechanism is used to synchronize the high-frequency 3D coordinate data with the ultra-high-frequency identity data in time and space, thus achieving real-time posture tracking and abnormal deviation warning of assembly line materials, including:

[0043] Embed the dynamic attitude compensation matrix in the standard communication frame sequence, and perform affine transformation operations on high-frequency three-dimensional coordinate data through the coordinate transformation engine;

[0044] The time span of the sliding window is set based on the pipeline transmission rate, and the compensated three-dimensional coordinate data and the corresponding ultra-high frequency identity data are arranged according to the time span to establish a material movement trajectory chain;

[0045] Based on the material movement trajectory chain, the displacement vector and angular velocity of the same label between adjacent windows are calculated in real time. If the displacement is detected to be greater than the assembly line speed threshold ±15%, an offset warning signal is triggered;

[0046] The warning signal, the compensation coordinates in the current window, and the identity data are packaged into an abnormal event frame, which is uploaded to the monitoring through the edge computing node and the status of the electronic tag is updated synchronously.

[0047] In a second aspect, a computing device includes:

[0048] one or more processors;

[0049] The storage device is used to store one or more programs. When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the system.

[0050] According to a third aspect, a computer-readable storage medium stores a program, which implements the system when executed by a processor.

[0051] The above solution of the present invention includes at least the following beneficial effects:

[0052] In express delivery sorting lines, low-frequency signals can penetrate cartons to accurately identify internal labels, high-frequency signals can quickly read surface labels, and ultra-high-frequency signals are used for long-distance batch scanning. These three technologies work together to effectively prevent missed and misread packages, improving sorting efficiency. Multi-frequency fusion technology allows for flexible frequency switching. For example, in high-temperature environments, it switches to a high-temperature-resistant frequency band to ensure proper tag operation. In metallic environments, it utilizes frequency bands to avoid metal interference and ensure stable data collection. Massive amounts of data collected across multiple frequency bands are analyzed and processed in real time, eliminating redundant information and accurately extracting valid data. Adaptive transmission technology then selects the final frequency band for data transmission. Multi-frequency fusion technology reduces rework and error correction costs caused by misidentification and data loss, as well as maintenance costs associated with frequent equipment failures. It is compatible with different types of electronic tags and frequency bands and can be flexibly expanded based on a company's production scale and business needs. Whether small production workshops or large manufacturing enterprises, this technology can be quickly adapted to existing production lines, facilitating upgrades and transformations, providing a solid foundation for intelligent production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a pipeline electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention proposes a pipeline electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion, including:

[0056] Dual-band module, used to integrate high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency dual-band radio frequency electronic tags on the surface of target objects, forming dual-mode functions of tags;

[0057] The signal processing module is used to synchronously acquire high-frequency positioning signals and ultra-high-frequency identification signals through a multi-band reader array based on the dual-modal function of the tag to obtain a pre-processed signal stream aligned in the time domain;

[0058] The protocol fusion module is used to reconstruct heterogeneous signals into a time-space-correlated standard communication frame sequence based on the preprocessed signal stream and using the protocol conversion middleware;

[0059] Parameter control module, used to dynamically adjust the dual-band parameter configuration through the radio controller based on high-frequency positioning accuracy data and ultra-high frequency identification throughput data;

[0060] The spatial calibration module is used to compare the geometric deviation of the electronic tag's RF positioning coordinates and the optical reference in real time based on the current dual-band parameter configuration after the mode switch is triggered, and generate a dynamic attitude compensation matrix;

[0061] The posture tracking module is used to inject the dynamic posture compensation matrix into the standard communication frame sequence, and adopts the sliding window mechanism to synchronize the high-frequency three-dimensional coordinate data with the ultra-high-frequency identity data in time and space, so as to realize the real-time posture tracking and abnormal deviation warning of the assembly line materials.

[0062] In an embodiment of the present invention, integrated high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency dual-band radio frequency tags play a key role in the precision assembly line of 3C electronic products. When assembling tiny components, the high-frequency tags utilize near-field electromagnetic coupling to achieve millimeter-level spatial positioning, accurately determining the installation position of tiny components such as chips and resistors, and avoiding assembly errors caused by positional deviations. In material warehousing and transportation, the ultra-high-frequency tags utilize far-field radiation to achieve meter-level batch identification, allowing for rapid inventory counts of components throughout a box, significantly improving material management efficiency and ensuring timely and accurate material supply to the production line.

[0063] The assembly line environment is subject to various electromagnetic interferences. After simultaneously acquiring high-frequency positioning signals and ultra-high-frequency identification signals through a multi-band reader / writer array, the reconfigurable RF front-end's dynamic impedance matching performs band-selective noise suppression and power spectrum equalization on the mixed signals. This ensures that even in complex electromagnetic environments, transmitted signals are free from errors or loss due to interference. The processed time-domain alignment preprocessed signal stream ensures the reliability of component positioning and identification information during the assembly process.

[0064] 3C electronics production lines feature a diverse array of equipment, each using different RFID protocols from different manufacturers. The preprocessed signal stream is fed into a cross-band protocol fusion architecture. The physical layer frequency band switching engine separates the phase-modulated signals of the high-band and ultra-high-band RFID protocols. Protocol conversion middleware then reconstructs the heterogeneous signals into a standard communication frame sequence that correlates time and space. This allows for smooth signal exchange between different devices, enabling accurate reception and processing of electronic tag information across all stages of the production line, including placement machines, testing equipment, and warehouse management systems. This resolves device compatibility issues and ensures efficient and coordinated operation across all stages of the production line.

[0065] During the 3C product assembly process, different production stages have varying requirements for electronic tag identification and positioning. Based on HF positioning accuracy and UHF identification throughput data, the radio controller dynamically adjusts dual-band parameter configurations. This enhances HF positioning accuracy during fine assembly processes, ensuring flawless component installation. During finished product batch testing and packaging, it increases UHF identification throughput, accelerating product testing and packaging. This system can flexibly adapt to diverse production needs, consistently maintaining optimal operating conditions and improving overall production efficiency.

[0066] Long-term assembly line operation can cause equipment to shift, affecting the accuracy of electronic tag positioning. After a mode switch is triggered, the system compares the geometric deviations between the electronic tag's RF positioning coordinates and the optical reference in real time based on the current dual-band parameter configuration, generating a dynamic attitude compensation matrix. This allows even minor displacements of assembly line equipment to be detected and corrected promptly, ensuring components are always correctly positioned during assembly, avoiding product quality issues caused by positional deviations and improving product qualification rates.

[0067] During the assembly of 3C electronic products, components may experience posture changes as they move on conveyor belts. By injecting a dynamic posture compensation matrix into a standard communication frame sequence, a sliding window mechanism is employed to synchronize the spatiotemporal integration of high-frequency 3D coordinate data with ultra-high-frequency identity data, enabling real-time tracking of component posture. Once an abnormal component shift is detected, an immediate warning is issued, allowing staff to make timely adjustments. This effectively avoids assembly scrap caused by component misalignment, ensures product assembly accuracy, and improves product quality and production efficiency.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an electronic tag with high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency dual-band radio frequency is integrated on the surface of the target object to form a tag dual-mode function, which may include:

[0069] Design a nested dual-band antenna structure, where a planar spiral coil antenna is used for near-field electromagnetic coupling in the high-frequency band, and a dipole antenna is used for far-field radiation in the ultra-high-frequency band. The two antennas are isolated by an electromagnetic shielding layer to prevent signal crosstalk between the frequency bands.

[0070] Based on the antenna structure, dual-channel modulation and demodulation are embedded in the electronic tag baseband processor, and the high-frequency positioning channel and the ultra-high-frequency identification channel are alternately activated through a time-division multiplexing mechanism. The activation period of each channel is controlled within 5ms.

[0071] Utilizing dual-channel modulation and demodulation, the relative position of the tag and reader antenna is calculated using the phase difference method in high-frequency positioning mode, achieving a three-dimensional spatial positioning error of ≤±1.5mm. In ultra-high frequency recognition mode, the Aloha anti-collision algorithm is used to achieve a single reading range of ≥300 tags.

[0072] Based on dual-mode output data, the tag dynamically switches working modes through the state machine controller built into the tag. When it detects that the assembly line enters the assembly station, the high-frequency positioning mode is enabled, and when the radio frequency field strength threshold of the storage area is detected, it automatically switches to the ultra-high frequency recognition mode.

[0073] In the embodiments of the present invention, the different signal characteristics of the high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency bands must be considered when constructing the antenna structure. A planar spiral coil antenna is used for the high-frequency band because its structural characteristics enable it to generate a strong electromagnetic field at close range. When the electronic tag is close to the reader / writer, stable near-field electromagnetic coupling is formed within a small spatial range through the principle of electromagnetic induction, thus meeting the signal transmission requirements of the high-frequency band. A dipole antenna is used for the ultra-high-frequency band because of its excellent radiation characteristics. It can radiate signals as electromagnetic waves to distant locations, enabling long-distance signal transmission and meeting the far-field radiation requirements of the ultra-high-frequency band. To prevent signal interference between the high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency bands, an electromagnetic shielding layer is added between the two antennas. The electromagnetic shielding layer prevents signals from leaking from one frequency band to another. By properly designing the shielding layer's material, thickness, and shape, and utilizing the principle of electromagnetic induction, the leaked electromagnetic signal is converted into an induced current within the shielding layer, dissipating excess energy and effectively isolating signal crosstalk between the frequency bands. Based on the antenna structure, a dual-channel modem is embedded in the electronic tag's baseband processor, which operates using a time-division multiplexing mechanism. The core principle of time-division multiplexing is to divide time into multiple small time slices, with each channel operating within its corresponding time slice. The activation period of each channel is controlled within 5ms. In a complete operating cycle (e.g., 10ms), the HF positioning channel is activated for the first 5ms, during which the baseband processor focuses on processing high-band signals, performing modulation and demodulation. The UHF identification channel is activated for the next 5ms, and the baseband processor switches to processing the UHF signals accordingly. This alternating operation of the two channels enables the coexistence of HF positioning and UHF identification functions without increasing hardware resources, fully utilizing the processor's processing power.

[0074] In high-frequency positioning mode, a phase difference method is used to calculate the relative position of the tag and the reader antenna. First, the reader transmits a signal of a specific frequency to the electronic tag. The tag receives the signal, processes it, and returns a response signal. Due to the distance between the tag and the reader antenna, the signal phase changes during transmission. By measuring the phase of the signal sent by the reader and the phase of the signal returned by the tag, the phase difference between the two is calculated. Based on the fixed propagation speed of electromagnetic waves and the relationship between phase difference and distance, the distance between the tag and the reader antenna can be calculated. By performing these measurements in multiple directions and combining them with trigonometric calculations, the tag's position in three-dimensional space can be determined, ultimately achieving a three-dimensional positioning error of ≤±1.5mm. In ultra-high-frequency identification mode, the Aloha anti-collision algorithm is used. When multiple electronic tags are within the reader's single-pass reading range, each tag transmits its own information to the reader at a random time. After receiving the signal, the reader analyzes the signal characteristics to determine whether there is a signal collision (i.e., signals from multiple tags reaching the reader simultaneously). If a collision occurs, the reader will send a command to the tag to resend the information until it successfully reads the information of each tag. By continuously optimizing the algorithm and adjusting the parameters, the reader can eventually achieve a single reading range of ≥300 tags.

[0075] Dynamic switching of operating modes is achieved based on dual-mode output data: the state machine controller built into the electronic tag continuously monitors external environmental information. In an assembly line scenario, the state machine controller detects the operating status of the assembly line in real time, for example, by detecting specific sensor signals at the assembly station to determine whether the assembly station has been entered. When the assembly line is detected to have entered the assembly station, it indicates that the target object needs to be accurately located. The state machine controller immediately activates the high-frequency positioning mode according to preset rules, switching the electronic tag to the high-frequency band to meet the requirements of millimeter-level spatial positioning during the assembly process. In the storage area, the state machine controller determines the environmental status by detecting the RF field strength threshold. When the RF field strength in the storage area reaches the preset threshold, it indicates that the storage management environment is in place and batch identification operations are required. The state machine controller automatically switches the electronic tag to the ultra-high frequency identification mode to quickly and accurately identify a large number of tags.

[0076] In the precision assembly lines of 3C electronic products, a nested dual-band antenna structure effectively solves the challenge of processing signals in different frequency bands. The near-field electromagnetic coupling achieved by the planar spiral coil antenna allows precise positioning of components during the assembly of tiny chips and other precision components, ensuring the chips are accurately installed in their designated locations on the circuit board. This prevents product quality issues caused by positioning deviations and improves assembly accuracy and yield. Under the high-speed operation of the assembly line, dual-channel modulation and demodulation combined with time-division multiplexing (TDM) enable the electronic tag to quickly respond to changing operational requirements. High-frequency positioning mode with a three-dimensional positioning error of ≤±1.5mm is crucial for the assembly of precision components in 3C electronic products, ensuring product optical performance and overall quality, reducing rework and scrap caused by assembly errors, and improving product quality and market competitiveness. The ability to process ≥300 tags within a single read range in ultra-high frequency identification mode enables rapid identification and recording of product information, shortening product storage and delivery times and improving logistics efficiency. The electronic tag's dynamic operating mode switching, enabled by a state machine controller, enables the tag to intelligently adapt to the varying demands of the assembly line's operating environment. The high-frequency positioning mode is automatically enabled at the assembly station, ensuring high-precision positioning of the product in key assembly links and improving the accuracy and stability of assembly; it automatically switches to the ultra-high frequency recognition mode in the storage area, realizing rapid inventory and management of materials, making assembly line production more efficient and stable.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the dual-modal function of the tag, a multi-band reader array is used to synchronously acquire a high-frequency positioning signal and an ultra-high-frequency identification signal to obtain a time-domain aligned pre-processed signal stream, which may include:

[0078] A multi-band reader / writer is constructed using a four-channel loop antenna array, and a phase synchronization controller is used to achieve synchronous acquisition of high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency dual-modal signals.

[0079] The acquired dual-band mixed signal is input into the reconfigurable RF front-end, which analyzes the signal spectrum characteristics in real time through dynamic impedance matching and dynamically adjusts the resonant frequency of the inductor-capacitor matching network to the target frequency band to achieve signal power spectrum balance.

[0080] Based on signal power spectrum equalization, an adaptive filter bank is used to perform frequency band-specific noise suppression, and the filtered signal strength is monitored in real time through a dual-channel power detection circuit to form a time-domain aligned preprocessed signal stream.

[0081] In an embodiment of the present invention, when constructing a four-channel ring antenna array, the four antenna channels are evenly distributed within the ring structure, with each channel responsible for transmitting and receiving signals in a specific direction. When receiving signals, there will be a phase difference between the high-frequency positioning signal and the ultra-high-frequency identification signal received by each channel antenna. A phase synchronization controller monitors the phase information of the signals received by each channel and calculates the phase difference between the signals in each channel. Based on these phase differences, the signals in each channel are then delayed or advanced accordingly, ensuring that the high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency dual-modal signals are synchronized in time, ultimately achieving synchronous acquisition of the dual-modal signals. For example, if the phases of the high-frequency signals in channels 1 and 3 are inconsistent at a certain moment, the phase synchronization controller adjusts the signals to ensure that the high-frequency signals in both channels are in phase. The same phase synchronization processing is also performed on the ultra-high-frequency signal. After the dual-band mixed signal enters the reconfigurable RF front-end, the dynamic impedance matching module begins operating. It analyzes the signal spectrum in real time to determine the energy distribution of the signal at different frequencies. Based on these spectral characteristics, the dynamic impedance matching module calculates the required impedance value for the target frequency band. Next, it adjusts the inductor and capacitor parameters in the inductor-capacitor matching network, changing the inductor and capacitor combination to match the matching network's resonant frequency to the target frequency band. When the target frequency band is high, the inductor-capacitor matching network is adjusted to bring its resonant frequency within the high-frequency range, thereby achieving power spectrum balance in the high-frequency band and ensuring that the high-frequency signal's energy can be effectively transmitted and processed. Similarly, similar operations are performed for ultra-high-frequency signals.

[0082] Based on signal power spectrum equalization, the adaptive filter bank designs targeted filtering rules based on the different characteristics of high-band and ultra-high-band signals. For high-band signals, the filter bank identifies the common noise frequency range in the high-band, such as the specific high-frequency interference signal frequencies generated by electronic devices. Then, by adjusting filter parameters such as the filter's cutoff frequency and bandwidth, the high-band signal is filtered to remove signal components within the noise frequency range. A dual-channel power detection circuit monitors the strength of the filtered high-band and ultra-high-frequency signals in real time. When the signal strength is detected to be less than a preset threshold, feedback is provided to the filter bank, which further optimizes the filtering parameters to ensure stable signal strength. Through continuous adjustment and optimization, a time-domain aligned preprocessed signal stream is ultimately formed, ensuring signal consistency along the time axis.

[0083] In the precision assembly line for 3C electronic products, a multi-band reader / writer constructed with a four-channel ring antenna array can fully and comprehensively receive the high-frequency positioning signals and ultra-high-frequency identification signals emitted by electronic tags. During the transmission process, the antenna array accurately captures the signals regardless of the angle and position of the electronic tags. A phase synchronization controller enables synchronous acquisition of dual-modal signals, avoiding data processing errors caused by signal asynchrony. The dynamic impedance matching function of the reconfigurable RF front-end adjusts the inductor-capacitor matching network in real time based on the characteristics of signals in different frequency bands to achieve signal power spectrum balance. This dynamic impedance matching allows the reader / writer to quickly adapt to these changes, ensuring that signals are transmitted and processed in their final state during the high-frequency positioning and ultra-high-frequency identification processes. The adaptive filter bank provides frequency-specific noise suppression in the high and ultra-high frequency bands, effectively eliminating the impact of various interference signals on the electronic tag signals in the assembly line environment. 3C product production workshops are filled with a large number of electronic and mechanical equipment, which generate various electromagnetic noises. The adaptive filter bank accurately identifies and filters out this noise, ensuring the high precision of the high-frequency positioning signal and the accuracy of the ultra-high frequency identification signal. The dual-channel power detection circuit monitors the signal strength in real time to ensure the stability of the filtered signal strength, thus avoiding data processing errors caused by signals that are too weak or too strong.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on preprocessing the signal stream and using protocol conversion middleware to reconstruct the heterogeneous signals into a time-space associated standard communication frame sequence, the following steps may be included:

[0085] Based on the time domain alignment characteristics of the pre-processed signal stream, the carrier frequency of the dual-band signal is separated through the physical layer frequency band switching engine, and the phase modulation waveform of the high-frequency band signal and the pulse amplitude modulation waveform of the ultra-high-frequency band signal are extracted. Specifically, the process includes: using a bandpass filter group to perform frequency band separation on the pre-processed signal stream according to the preset high-frequency band and ultra-high-frequency band parameters; performing orthogonal coherent demodulation on the separated high-frequency band signal, tracking the carrier phase offset through a phase-locked loop, and reconstructing the spatial azimuth information of the tag based on the phase difference between the in-phase and orthogonal baseband signals; performing envelope detection and pulse shaping on the separated ultra-high frequency band signal, and using an adaptive threshold decision circuit to eliminate pulse distortion caused by multipath effects; performing time-scale synchronization processing on the demodulated high-frequency phase modulation waveform and the ultra-high frequency pulse amplitude waveform, and compensating for the dual-band waveform delay according to the clock synchronization signal of the reader array;

[0086] In the protocol conversion middleware, the millimeter-level three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the tag are calculated using a Doppler shift compensation algorithm based on the phase jump interval and amplitude change value in the high-frequency carrier phase differential sequence, combined with the preset spatial distribution topology of the reader array. The tag's identity identifier and attached attribute data are then decoded based on the time slot distribution pattern of the ultra-high-frequency pulse interval coding sequence.

[0087] Based on the synchronized timestamp information in the preprocessed signal stream, a spatiotemporal mapping relationship is established between the high-frequency 3D coordinate data and the ultra-high-frequency identity data. The spatial coordinate clusters of the tags in the same time window are associated and bound with the identity data blocks through a dynamic hash table.

[0088] Based on the timing constraints of the pipeline transmission scenario, the time-space bound data is frame-reconstructed according to the standard communication protocol format to generate a standard communication frame sequence including time-space-identity multi-dimensional associations.

[0089] In an embodiment of the present invention, the pre-processed signal stream has achieved time domain alignment, and the physical layer frequency band switching engine performs separation operations on the dual-band signals based on the difference in carrier frequencies between the high-band and ultra-high-band signals. It distinguishes the high-band signal from the ultra-high-band signal by detecting the frequency components of the signal. In the separation process, for the high-band signal, its phase modulation waveform is extracted, because the high-band signal mainly uses phase modulation to carry information; for the ultra-high-band signal, its pulse amplitude modulation waveform is extracted, which is a common modulation form of the ultra-high-band signal. For example, when a mixed signal is received, the frequency band switching engine filters out the high-band signal with a carrier frequency of 13.56MHz by analyzing the signal frequency, obtains the phase modulation waveform, and separates the ultra-high-band signal with a carrier frequency of 860-960MHz to obtain a pulse amplitude modulation waveform.

[0090] In the protocol conversion middleware, for high-band signals, the carrier phase difference sequence is first acquired. This sequence records the phase changes during signal transmission. By analyzing the phase jump intervals and amplitude changes, combined with the preset spatial topology of the reader array (i.e., the specific position and layout of the readers in the production line), and using a Doppler shift compensation algorithm, the precise coordinates of the tag in three-dimensional space are calculated, taking into account the frequency shift caused by the relative motion between the tag and the reader. For ultra-high-band signals, the encoding rules corresponding to each time slot are identified based on the time slot distribution of the pulse interval encoding sequence, thereby decoding the tag's identity identifier and associated attribute data, such as product model and batch information. For example, based on the phase changes of the high-band signal and the reader array layout, the horizontal, vertical, and height position of the tag in the production line can be determined. The time slot encoding of the ultra-high-band signal can be interpreted as the product corresponding to a battery for a certain mobile phone model, with production batch 20240101.

[0091] The preprocessed signal stream contains synchronized, aligned timestamp information. Based on these timestamps, the temporal correspondence between high-frequency 3D coordinate data and ultra-high-frequency identity data can be determined. Data association and binding is achieved through a dynamic hash table. For tag spatial coordinate clusters (a collection of 3D coordinates of multiple tags) and identity data blocks (a collection of identity and attribute information of multiple tags) collected within the same time window, a hashing algorithm is used to associate data with the same timestamp, ensuring a one-to-one correspondence between the spatial location information and identity attribute information of each tag. For example, multiple tags collected at a given moment can be identified as belonging to the same time window based on their timestamps. The coordinates and identity information of these tags are then bound together using a hashing algorithm to form a complete tag data record. Considering the specific timing requirements of pipeline transmission scenarios, where data transmission and processing must occur in a certain order and time interval, the spatiotemporally bound data is reorganized and restructured according to a standard communication protocol format. During frame reconstruction, multi-dimensional information such as time, space, and identity is integrated into a standard communication frame, generating a standard communication frame sequence that includes multi-dimensional associations of time, space, and identity. Each standard communication frame includes the location of the tag at a certain moment and key identity information, and is arranged in the time sequence of pipeline transmission.

[0092] In 3C electronics production lines, carrier frequency separation accurately distinguishes high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency signals, preventing data confusion caused by mutual interference between signals in different frequency bands. In mobile phone motherboard assembly, high-frequency signals are used to precisely locate component installation locations, while ultra-high-frequency signals are used to quickly identify component information. Accurate signal separation ensures the accuracy of high-frequency positioning information and the reliability of ultra-high-frequency identification information, preventing component installation errors or information reading errors caused by signal confusion, thereby improving product assembly accuracy and production efficiency. The coordinate calculation and data decoding functions implemented by the protocol conversion middleware provide rich and accurate data support for production lines. Millimeter-level three-dimensional coordinate calculation enables real-time determination of the precise position of each product in the production line. Automatic assembly robots can use this accurate coordinate information to precisely grasp and install components, improving assembly accuracy and reducing scrap rates. Decoding of tag identifiers and associated attribute data allows production managers to quickly obtain detailed product information, such as model and batch, facilitating quality traceability and production management. When product quality issues arise, this information can be used to quickly locate the production process and related raw materials, enabling timely resolution and enhancing the company's quality control capabilities. Establish a spatiotemporal mapping relationship between high-frequency three-dimensional coordinate data and ultra-high-frequency identity data, so that the product's location information and identity information are closely combined to form a complete product data file.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, dynamically adjusting the dual-band parameter configuration by the radio controller based on the high-frequency positioning accuracy data and the ultra-high frequency identification throughput data may include:

[0094] Based on the residual distribution data of high-frequency three-dimensional coordinates in the standard communication frame sequence, the radio controller analyzes the phase stability of the high-frequency band signal and determines the tag identification conflict status based on the loss rate of the ultra-high frequency identity data;

[0095] Based on the phase stability of high-frequency signals, the carrier frequency step accuracy and the transmission power gradient of each antenna in the reader array are dynamically adjusted, and the stable range of phase modulation depth is maintained through closed-loop feedback control.

[0096] Based on the UHF tag recognition conflict status, a dynamic frame time slot allocation algorithm is used to adjust the time window length of the anti-collision protocol. In addition, the quality factor parameters are adaptively adjusted based on the tag response delay distribution to achieve the adaptation of the number of effective response tags in a single reading cycle to the material density of the assembly line.

[0097] When the high-frequency positioning residual is greater than the preset threshold, the linkage adjustment of the ultra-high frequency band signal processing mechanism is triggered synchronously;

[0098] During the parameter adjustment process, the dual-band energy consumption status is monitored in real time, and the high-frequency positioning mode and ultra-high-frequency parameter configuration are adjusted through dynamic power allocation strategies.

[0099] In this embodiment of the present invention, in a standard communication frame sequence, the residual distribution data of high-frequency three-dimensional coordinates records the deviation between each positioning result and the actual position. The radio controller collects this residual data, calculates the residual mean and variance, and evaluates the phase stability of the high-frequency signal. Large residual fluctuations indicate poor phase stability, possibly due to signal interference or equipment problems. For ultra-high frequency identity data, the controller counts the number of identity data losses within a certain period of time and calculates the loss rate. When the loss rate exceeds the normal range, it is determined that tag recognition conflicts exist, meaning that the signals of multiple tags interfere with each other during transmission, resulting in inaccurate reception of some data. If the high-frequency signal phase stability is determined to be insufficient, the radio controller first dynamically adjusts the carrier frequency step accuracy based on the residual data. If the residual is large, indicating insufficient frequency accuracy, the controller reduces the carrier frequency step value, making the frequency adjustment more precise, thereby improving signal stability and positioning accuracy. Simultaneously, the controller adjusts the transmit power gradient of each antenna in the reader array, appropriately increasing the transmit power for antennas in areas with weak signals or high interference, and reducing the transmit power for antennas in areas with strong signals to avoid interference caused by excessive signal strength. In addition, through a closed-loop feedback control mechanism, the phase modulation depth is continuously monitored and relevant parameters are adjusted according to actual conditions to ensure that the phase modulation depth remains within a stable range and the quality of the high-frequency positioning signal is guaranteed.

[0100] Based on the UHF tag collision status, the radio controller implements a dynamic frame slot allocation algorithm. It first analyzes the current tag response delay distribution to determine the average response time and time fluctuation range. Based on this information and the line material density, the time window length of the anti-collision protocol is dynamically adjusted. If the material density is high (i.e., a large number of tags passing through per unit time), the time window length is increased to give each tag sufficient time to transmit its signal, reducing the probability of collision. Conversely, the time window is shortened. The controller also adaptively adjusts the quality factor parameter, which influences the strength and stability of the tag signal. By properly adjusting the quality factor, tag signals are effectively transmitted while avoiding mutual interference, thereby matching the number of valid tag responses within a single reading cycle to the line material density. When the high-frequency positioning residual exceeds a set threshold, it indicates a significant high-frequency positioning error, potentially affecting product assembly accuracy. At this point, coordinated adjustments to the UHF signal processing mechanism are triggered. For example, the scanning frequency of the UHF reader can be increased to more frequently acquire tag information, assisting in determining product location. Alternatively, the transmit power of the UHF signal can be adjusted to enhance signal strength. This ensures reliable product information can be obtained through the UHF signal even in the presence of inaccurate HF positioning, thus avoiding production accidents or product quality issues caused by positioning errors. During the parameter adjustment process, the radio controller monitors energy consumption in both HF positioning and UHF modes in real time, calculating the energy consumption of each frequency band under different parameter configurations. A dynamic power allocation strategy adjusts the power configuration of the two frequency bands based on actual operating requirements. If the current production phase requires high HF positioning, the power of the HF positioning mode is appropriately increased, while the power of the UHF mode is reduced while ensuring the normal operation of the UHF identification function. The reverse is true. This approach reduces energy consumption while meeting production needs, achieving energy savings and increased efficiency.

[0101] In the 3C electronics production line, accurate analysis of high-frequency signal phase stability and UHF recognition conflicts is crucial. High-frequency positioning is used to precisely position mobile phone screens during screen assembly. If the high-frequency signal phase is unstable, this can lead to misalignment. Promptly identifying and adjusting phase stability issues ensures accurate screen installation, improves assembly precision, and reduces scrap due to inaccurate positioning. Furthermore, determining UHF recognition conflicts during material transportation can prevent material information errors caused by tag signal conflicts, ensuring the accuracy and timeliness of production material supply. Dynamically adjusting the high-frequency carrier frequency step accuracy and antenna transmit power gradient effectively improves the accuracy and stability of high-frequency positioning. In the precision component soldering process, high-precision high-frequency positioning ensures accurate component placement, reduces soldering errors, and improves soldering quality. Maintaining a stable range of phase modulation depth makes high-frequency positioning signals more reliable, avoids positioning deviations due to signal fluctuations, ensures precision requirements during production, and improves overall product quality. Dynamically adjusting the time window length and quality factor parameters of the UHF band anti-collision protocol allows for flexible optimization of tag recognition efficiency based on the material density of the assembly line. During batch packaging, when a large number of products enter the packaging area simultaneously, appropriate adjustments to the time window length and quality factor ensure that each product label is accurately identified, avoiding information omissions or errors caused by tag conflicts. This improves packaging efficiency and accuracy, speeds up product shipments, and meets the company's production pace and market demands. Excessive high-frequency positioning residuals trigger coordinated adjustments to the UHF band signal processing mechanism, providing dual-security protection for the production process. In complex assembly line production environments, if high-frequency positioning issues arise, adjustments to the UHF band signal processing mechanism can promptly compensate for positioning errors and ensure uninterrupted production. Real-time monitoring of dual-band energy consumption and dynamic power allocation effectively reduces energy consumption without compromising production efficiency and accuracy.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the mode switch is triggered, based on the current dual-band parameter configuration, the geometric deviation of the RF positioning coordinates of the electronic tag and the optical reference is compared in real time to generate a dynamic attitude compensation matrix, which may include:

[0103] Two sets of infrared optical fiducial markers are deployed upstream and downstream of the pipeline transmission path. Each set includes three non-collinear marker points. The absolute spatial coordinates of each marker point are calibrated using a laser rangefinder to construct a global calibration coordinate system.

[0104] When the electronic tag enters the coverage area of the optical reference mark, the high-speed imaging device is started to synchronously acquire the optical identification features on the tag surface, and the spatial posture parameters of the tag in the optical reference coordinate system are analyzed through multi-view spatial geometric relationships;

[0105] The RF positioning coordinates and optical pose parameters are mapped to the same coordinate system, and the dynamic pose compensation matrix including the translation compensation vector and the rotation compensation matrix is generated in combination with the pipeline transmission speed.

[0106] In an embodiment of the present invention, two sets of infrared optical fiducial markers are installed upstream and downstream of the pipeline transmission path, respectively. Each set includes three non-collinear marker points. This layout ensures a stable geometric structure for spatial positioning. After installation, each marker point is measured using a laser rangefinder. The laser rangefinder emits a laser beam, measures the time it takes for the laser to reflect back to the instrument, and then calculates the distance from the instrument to the marker point based on the speed of light. Simultaneously, the rangefinder's inherent angle measurement function is combined to determine the orientation of the marker point in three-dimensional space. By measuring the three marker points, spatial geometry calculation methods are used to determine the absolute coordinates of each marker point in global space. By combining the coordinates of the two upstream and downstream marker groups, a global calibration coordinate system covering the critical areas of the pipeline transmission path is constructed. When an electronic tag enters the area covered by the optical fiducial markers along the pipeline, a pre-installed high-speed imaging device begins operating, capturing the tag from multiple perspectives and rapidly capturing images of the optical identification features on the tag's surface. By analyzing these multi-perspective images and applying principles of spatial geometry, the tag's position and posture within the optical reference coordinate system are calculated. For example, using the principle of triangulation, the relative position changes of optical identification features under different viewing angles determine the tag's translation in three-dimensional space (i.e., position information). By analyzing the angular changes of the identification features, the tag's rotation angle (i.e., attitude information) is calculated. After a series of calculations and analyses, the tag's accurate spatial attitude parameters in the optical reference coordinate system are ultimately obtained. The tag's RF positioning coordinates and the optical pose parameters obtained through optical measurement are mapped uniformly into a previously constructed global calibration coordinate system, placing them in the same reference frame. Then, taking into account the continuous motion of the assembly line, the real-time transmission speed of the assembly line is determined. The discrepancy between the RF positioning coordinates and the optical pose parameters is used to calculate the deviation in the tag's spatial position and attitude. For position deviation, a translation compensation vector is calculated, representing the direction and distance the tag needs to translate in three-dimensional space to correct for RF positioning errors. For attitude deviation, a rotation compensation matrix is mathematically calculated, containing the angle and direction information required for the tag to rotate and adjust for attitude errors. Finally, the translation compensation vector and the rotation compensation matrix are integrated together to generate a dynamic posture compensation matrix including the translation compensation vector and the rotation compensation matrix.

[0107] In precision assembly lines for 3C electronic products, establishing a global calibration coordinate system provides a precise and stable spatial reference for the entire production process. During mobile phone motherboard assembly, electronic tags are used to locate component installation positions. The global calibration coordinate system ensures a consistent and accurate reference for all tag-based positioning operations. Even if equipment experiences slight displacement after extended operation, the fixed global calibration coordinate system serves as a reference, enabling timely detection and adjustment. This ensures consistent and accurate component placement, avoids assembly deviations caused by equipment displacement, and improves product assembly precision and yield, while reducing rework costs due to inaccurate positioning. A high-speed imaging device captures the spatial posture parameters of the electronic tag within the optical reference coordinate system, enabling real-time and precise determination of the tag's actual state. Furthermore, during product inspection, accurate posture information helps more precisely determine whether a product's appearance and dimensions meet standards, improving inspection accuracy and reliability, reducing misjudgments, and ensuring product quality. The generation of a dynamic posture compensation matrix effectively addresses errors inherent in RF positioning and the effects of posture changes caused by line motion.

[0108] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a dynamic posture compensation matrix is injected into a standard communication frame sequence, and a sliding window mechanism is used to perform spatiotemporal synchronization fusion of high-frequency 3D coordinate data and ultra-high-frequency identity data to achieve real-time posture tracking and abnormal deviation warning of assembly line materials. This may include:

[0109] Embed the dynamic attitude compensation matrix in the standard communication frame sequence, and perform affine transformation operations on high-frequency three-dimensional coordinate data through the coordinate transformation engine;

[0110] The time span of the sliding window is set based on the pipeline transmission rate, and the compensated three-dimensional coordinate data and the corresponding ultra-high frequency identity data are arranged according to the time span to establish a material movement trajectory chain;

[0111] Based on the material movement trajectory chain, the displacement vector and angular velocity of the same label between adjacent windows are calculated in real time. If the displacement is detected to be greater than the assembly line speed threshold ±15%, an offset warning signal is triggered;

[0112] The warning signal, the compensation coordinates in the current window, and the identity data are packaged into an abnormal event frame, which is uploaded to the monitoring through the edge computing node and the status of the electronic tag is updated synchronously.

[0113] In this embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic posture compensation matrix generated by spatial calibration is embedded into a standard communication frame sequence, ensuring that each frame contains key information for correcting posture deviations. Next, the coordinate transformation engine performs an affine transformation on the high-frequency 3D coordinate data. This affine transformation is based on the translation compensation vector and rotation compensation matrix in the dynamic posture compensation matrix. For each point in the high-frequency 3D coordinate data, a rotation operation is first performed according to the rotation compensation matrix to change the point's orientation; then, a translation operation is performed according to the translation compensation vector to adjust the point's position. Through this series of operations, the deviated high-frequency 3D coordinate data is corrected to more accurate actual position coordinates. The time span of the sliding window is set based on the actual transmission rate of the pipeline. For example, if the pipeline transmission rate is fast, the time span of the sliding window is set shorter to capture material position changes in a timely manner; otherwise, it is set longer. After the time span is determined, the compensated 3D coordinate data and the corresponding ultra-high frequency identity data are collected at this interval. The data within each time span constitutes a window. As time passes, new data enters the window and older data exits the window, resulting in a sliding data update. By linking these chronologically arranged window data, a material movement trajectory chain is established. Through this trajectory chain, the location and identity information of each material at different time points in the assembly line can be clearly seen, achieving a continuous record of the material movement process.

[0114] Along the material movement trajectory, two adjacent sliding windows are analyzed. For the same tag, the displacement vector between the adjacent windows is first calculated. This displacement vector is calculated by comparing the tag's 3D coordinates in the two windows to determine the position change in the X, Y, and Z directions, thereby determining the direction and distance of the displacement. The tag's angular velocity is then calculated based on the displacement change and the time interval (i.e., the time span of the sliding window), reflecting the speed of the tag's posture change during movement. The calculated displacement is compared with a pre-set assembly line speed threshold. If the displacement exceeds ±15% of the assembly line speed threshold, it indicates an abnormal material movement speed, possibly due to drift, stalling, or acceleration. A drift warning signal is immediately triggered to alert personnel. Once the drift warning signal is triggered, it is packaged with the compensated coordinates and identity data in the current window to form a complete abnormal event frame. This abnormal event frame contains key information about the material abnormality, such as location, identity, and drift. The abnormal event frame is quickly uploaded to the monitoring system via edge computing nodes, allowing monitoring personnel to obtain immediate information about material abnormalities. At the same time, the status of the electronic tag will be updated synchronously, marking it as an abnormal state, and the material will be specially handled in production management.

[0115] In 3C electronics production lines, embedding a dynamic posture compensation matrix into a standard communication frame sequence and applying an affine transformation to coordinate data resolves the problem of inaccurate position information caused by electronic tag positioning errors and posture deviations. In the mobile phone casing assembly process, accurate coordinate data enables a robotic arm to precisely grasp and place the casing, avoiding assembly misalignment caused by positional deviations. This improves product assembly precision and quality, reduces scrap, and lowers production costs. Setting a sliding window based on the pipeline transmission rate and establishing a material movement trajectory chain enables real-time, continuous tracking of material movement along the production line. In tablet production lines, managers can use this material movement trajectory chain to clearly understand the entire production process for each component, from raw materials to finished product, and monitor production progress. When production delays or anomalies occur, the specific link and material can be quickly located, allowing timely adjustments to be made, improving the efficiency and accuracy of production scheduling and ensuring smooth production line operation. By calculating the displacement vector and angular velocity of materials between adjacent windows and identifying anomalies based on set thresholds, this system provides effective quality and safety assurance for production lines. During the transfer of precision parts for smartwatches, if an abnormal part displacement, such as drift or jamming, is detected, an offset warning signal is immediately triggered. This warning signal and related data are packaged into an abnormal event frame and uploaded to the monitoring system. The electronic tag status is also updated, enabling intelligent monitoring and management of the production process, ensuring product quality and production safety.

[0116] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computing device comprising: a processor and a memory storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, executes the system described above. All implementations in the above system embodiments are applicable to this embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects.

[0117] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to execute the system described above. All implementations in the above system embodiments are applicable to this embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects.

[0118] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. The pipeline electronic label management system based on multi-frequency fusion is characterized by: include: Dual-band module, used to integrate high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency dual-band radio frequency electronic tags on the surface of target objects, forming dual-mode functions of tags; The signal processing module is used to synchronously acquire high-frequency positioning signals and ultra-high-frequency identification signals through a multi-band reader array based on the dual-modal function of the tag to obtain a pre-processed signal stream aligned in the time domain; The protocol fusion module is used to reconstruct heterogeneous signals into a time-space-correlated standard communication frame sequence based on the preprocessed signal stream and using the protocol conversion middleware; Parameter control module, used to dynamically adjust the dual-band parameter configuration through the radio controller based on high-frequency positioning accuracy data and ultra-high frequency identification throughput data; The spatial calibration module is used to compare the geometric deviation of the electronic tag's RF positioning coordinates and the optical reference in real time based on the current dual-band parameter configuration after the mode switch is triggered, and generate a dynamic attitude compensation matrix; The posture tracking module is used to inject the dynamic posture compensation matrix into the standard communication frame sequence, and adopts the sliding window mechanism to synchronize the high-frequency three-dimensional coordinate data with the ultra-high-frequency identity data in time and space, so as to realize the real-time posture tracking and abnormal deviation warning of the assembly line materials.

2. The pipeline electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electronic tag with high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency dual-band radio frequency is integrated on the surface of the target object, and the tag has dual-mode functions, including: Design a nested dual-band antenna structure, where a planar spiral coil antenna is used for near-field electromagnetic coupling in the high-frequency band, and a dipole antenna is used for far-field radiation in the ultra-high-frequency band. The two antennas are isolated by an electromagnetic shielding layer to prevent signal crosstalk between the frequency bands. Based on the antenna structure, dual-channel modulation and demodulation are embedded in the electronic tag baseband processor, and the high-frequency positioning channel and the ultra-high-frequency identification channel are alternately activated through a time-division multiplexing mechanism. The activation period of each channel is controlled within 5ms. Utilizing dual-channel modulation and demodulation, the relative position of the tag and reader antenna is calculated using the phase difference method in high-frequency positioning mode, achieving a three-dimensional spatial positioning error of ≤±1.5mm. In ultra-high frequency recognition mode, the Aloha anti-collision algorithm is used to achieve a single reading range of ≥300 tags. Based on dual-mode output data, the tag dynamically switches working modes through the state machine controller built into the tag. When it detects that the assembly line enters the assembly station, the high-frequency positioning mode is enabled, and when the radio frequency field strength threshold of the storage area is detected, it automatically switches to the ultra-high frequency recognition mode.

3. The pipeline electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Based on the dual-modal function of the tag, a multi-band reader array synchronously acquires high-frequency positioning signals and ultra-high-frequency identification signals to obtain a time-domain aligned pre-processed signal stream, including: A multi-band reader / writer is constructed using a four-channel loop antenna array, and a phase synchronization controller is used to achieve synchronous acquisition of high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency dual-modal signals. The acquired dual-band mixed signal is input into the reconfigurable RF front-end, which analyzes the signal spectrum characteristics in real time through dynamic impedance matching and dynamically adjusts the resonant frequency of the inductor-capacitor matching network to the target frequency band to achieve signal power spectrum balance. Based on signal power spectrum equalization, an adaptive filter bank is used to perform frequency band-specific noise suppression, and the filtered signal strength is monitored in real time through a dual-channel power detection circuit to form a time-domain aligned preprocessed signal stream.

4. The pipeline electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Based on the preprocessed signal stream, the protocol conversion middleware is used to reconstruct heterogeneous signals into a time-space-correlated standard communication frame sequence, including: Based on the time-domain alignment characteristics of the pre-processed signal stream, the physical layer band switching engine performs carrier frequency separation on the dual-band signal, extracting the phase modulation waveform of the high-band signal and the pulse amplitude modulation waveform of the ultra-high-band signal; In the protocol conversion middleware, the millimeter-level three-dimensional spatial coordinates of the tag are calculated using a Doppler shift compensation algorithm based on the phase jump interval and amplitude change value in the high-frequency carrier phase differential sequence, combined with the preset spatial distribution topology of the reader array. The tag's identity identifier and attached attribute data are then decoded based on the time slot distribution pattern of the ultra-high-frequency pulse interval coding sequence. Based on the synchronized timestamp information in the preprocessed signal stream, a spatiotemporal mapping relationship is established between the high-frequency 3D coordinate data and the ultra-high-frequency identity data. The spatial coordinate clusters of the tags in the same time window are associated and bound with the identity data blocks through a dynamic hash table. Based on the timing constraints of the pipeline transmission scenario, the time-space bound data is frame-reconstructed according to the standard communication protocol format to generate a standard communication frame sequence including time-space-identity multi-dimensional associations.

5. The pipeline electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Based on the time-domain alignment characteristics of the preprocessed signal stream, the physical layer band switching engine performs carrier frequency separation on the dual-band signals, extracting the phase modulation waveform of the high-band signal and the pulse amplitude modulation waveform of the ultra-high-band signal, including: A bandpass filter bank is used to separate the frequency bands of the pre-processed signal stream according to preset high-band and ultra-high-band parameters; The separated high-frequency band signal is orthogonally coherently demodulated, the carrier phase offset is tracked through a phase-locked loop, and the spatial azimuth information of the tag is reconstructed based on the phase difference between the in-phase and quadrature baseband signals; Perform envelope detection and pulse shaping on the separated UHF band signal, and use the adaptive threshold decision circuit to eliminate the pulse distortion caused by the multipath effect; The demodulated high-frequency phase modulation waveform and the ultra-high-frequency pulse amplitude waveform are time-scale synchronized, and the dual-band waveform delay is compensated according to the clock synchronization signal of the reader array.

6. The pipeline electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Based on the HF positioning accuracy data and UHF identification throughput data, the radio controller dynamically adjusts the dual-band parameter configuration, including: Based on the residual distribution data of high-frequency three-dimensional coordinates in the standard communication frame sequence, the radio controller analyzes the phase stability of the high-frequency band signal and determines the tag identification conflict status based on the loss rate of the ultra-high frequency identity data; Based on the phase stability of high-frequency signals, the carrier frequency step accuracy and the transmission power gradient of each antenna in the reader array are dynamically adjusted, and the stable range of phase modulation depth is maintained through closed-loop feedback control. Based on the UHF tag recognition conflict status, a dynamic frame time slot allocation algorithm is used to adjust the time window length of the anti-collision protocol. In addition, the quality factor parameters are adaptively adjusted based on the tag response delay distribution to achieve the adaptation of the number of effective response tags in a single reading cycle to the material density of the assembly line. When the high-frequency positioning residual is greater than the preset threshold, the linkage adjustment of the ultra-high frequency band signal processing mechanism is triggered synchronously; During the parameter adjustment process, the dual-band energy consumption status is monitored in real time, and the high-frequency positioning mode and ultra-high-frequency parameter configuration are adjusted through dynamic power allocation strategies.

7. The pipeline electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion according to claim 6 is characterized in that: After the mode switch is triggered, based on the current dual-band parameter configuration, the geometric deviation of the electronic tag's RF positioning coordinates and the optical reference is compared in real time to generate a dynamic attitude compensation matrix, including: Two sets of infrared optical fiducial markers are deployed upstream and downstream of the pipeline transmission path. Each set includes three non-collinear marker points. The absolute spatial coordinates of each marker point are calibrated using a laser rangefinder to construct a global calibration coordinate system. When the electronic tag enters the coverage area of the optical reference mark, the high-speed imaging device is started to synchronously acquire the optical identification features on the tag surface, and the spatial posture parameters of the tag in the optical reference coordinate system are analyzed through multi-view spatial geometric relationships; The RF positioning coordinates and optical pose parameters are mapped to the same coordinate system, and the dynamic pose compensation matrix including the translation compensation vector and the rotation compensation matrix is generated in combination with the pipeline transmission speed.

8. The pipeline electronic tag management system based on multi-frequency fusion according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The dynamic posture compensation matrix is injected into the standard communication frame sequence, and a sliding window mechanism is used to synchronize the high-frequency 3D coordinate data with the ultra-high-frequency identity data in time and space to achieve real-time posture tracking of assembly line materials and abnormal deviation warning, including: Embed the dynamic attitude compensation matrix in the standard communication frame sequence, and perform affine transformation operations on high-frequency three-dimensional coordinate data through the coordinate transformation engine; The time span of the sliding window is set based on the pipeline transmission rate, and the compensated three-dimensional coordinate data and the corresponding ultra-high frequency identity data are arranged according to the time span to establish a material movement trajectory chain; Based on the material movement trajectory chain, the displacement vector and angular velocity of the same label between adjacent windows are calculated in real time. If the displacement is detected to be greater than the assembly line speed threshold ±15%, an offset warning signal is triggered; The warning signal, the compensation coordinates in the current window, and the identity data are packaged into an abnormal event frame, which is uploaded to the monitoring through the edge computing node and the status of the electronic tag is updated synchronously.

9. A computing device, characterized in that include: one or more processors; A storage device for storing one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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