Open-pit mine production prospecting logging method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological mineral products, and aims to provide a surface mine production prospecting catalog method which comprises the following steps: sampling hole by hole according to mine waste boundary characteristics and blast hole spacing, and recording hole top and hole bottom ore finding conditions according to mining process control requirements and a specified drawing; then plane logging is carried out in computer software, and two layers are copied and split according to the upper plane elevation and the lower plane elevation of a stage flat plate and correspond to each layer; secondly, secondary delineation of the ore body is conducted according to the ore seeing condition, horizontal projection drawings of an upper plane and a lower plane are obtained, the upper plane drawing guides explosive separation, split charging and split transportation at the current stage, and mining losses are controlled; and controlling non-mining loss and mining loss in the whole process from guidance of the mining fine design of the next stage to ore extraction by the lower plane graph. Compared with a traditional drill hole columnar recording method, on the premise that the mining technology control requirement is met, the working efficiency is improved, the workload is greatly reduced, and the method is a simple, convenient and economical recording analysis method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of geological mineral resources, and in particular relates to a method for producing and prospecting an open-pit mine. Background Art

[0002] Mining geological work is a work that follows a step-by-step approach, from known to unknown, and continuously improves the understanding of the spatial coverage and distribution patterns of ore bodies. Productive prospecting is an extension and supplement to mining geological exploration work. It is a basic work to further identify the characteristics of the ore bodies and mining technical conditions in the mining area, improve the types of resource reserves, and ensure the data required for balanced and normal production of mines. Through the development of the project and the compilation and analysis of samples, the ore body is secondary delineated to improve the degree of research on the ore deposit and the accuracy of resource reserves, provide a reliable basis for mining production, and reduce mining design losses and risks. It is a necessary means to improve mining technical and economic indicators, increase mine recovery rates, and maximize the release of resource benefits. Selecting an economical productive prospecting method and adopting a convenient compilation and analysis method are important prerequisites for carrying out this basic, critical, and long-term work.

[0003] In the productive prospecting of open-pit mines, the commonly used and economical sampling method is to use blastholes to collect rock powder, and then analyze and catalog it. The existing geological exploration specifications such as "Mining Geological Work Specifications" (DZ / T0401-2022) have explained and required this. The relevant part of the open-pit mines has made requirements for rock powder sampling for large, medium and small mines, as well as the contact between mines and waste rocks, and the degree of mineralization. However, the existing specifications are not specific and detailed enough on how to catalog and analyze open-pit mines, and there is no introduction to the cataloging and analysis of rock powder using blastholes. If the traditional drilling core cataloging method is used as a reference, the workload is huge, and the correspondence between progress and results with production needs is low, inflexible, and inconvenient for technical analysis. In addition, for deposits with relatively obvious ore-rock boundaries and low ore value, traditional methods are also very uneconomical.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention proposes a simple, applicable, economical and convenient production prospecting cataloging and analysis method for open-pit mines with relatively obvious ore-rock boundaries, based on the occurrence characteristics, contact conditions, mining technology control requirements, etc. of their ore deposits, as a concrete application method of standard regulations such as the "Mining Geology Work Specifications". Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing prospecting and cataloguing in an open-pit mine to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] A method for prospecting and logging in open-pit mine production includes the following steps: According to the characteristics of the ore-waste boundary, samples are taken hole by hole according to the blast hole spacing. According to the control requirements of the mining process and the stage height, the ore encounter conditions at the hole top and bottom are recorded according to a certain specified map series. Subsequently, plane logging is carried out in computer software, and it is copied and split into two layers according to the upper and lower plane elevations of the stage bench, corresponding to each layer. Then, the ore body is redelineated according to the ore encounter situation to obtain the horizontal projection maps of the upper and lower planes. The upper plane map guides the current stage of separate blasting, separate loading, and separate transportation to control mining losses. The lower plane map controls non-mining losses and mining losses from guiding the fine design of the next stage of mining to the whole process of ore extraction.

[0008] The ore-waste boundary characteristics include single-blast areas and mining areas.

[0009] The method for collecting and logging in the single-blast area is as follows: Field field workers observe and record the ore encounter situation of each blast hole during the daily drilling operation. According to the requirements of the legend, the results are filled and drawn on the productive prospecting and logging map of the blast area to realize the collection and logging of the ore encounter information on the upper and lower surfaces of each blast hole on the bench in the blast area.

[0010] When collecting and logging in the single-blast area, if special geological structures such as fractures, collapses, and karst caves that affect mining activities are found, they need to be marked on the map.

[0011] For each single-blast area, it is sufficient to collect one analysis sample from the ore encounter blast holes using the grab method, analyze the comprehensive ore grade of the blasting block, and record the grade information on the productive prospecting and logging map of the blast area.

[0012] The method for collecting and logging in the mining area is as follows: As the drilling of each blast area is completed, a productive prospecting and logging map of each blast area containing the ore encounter situation of the blast holes and the ore grade information of the mining area is formed. The in-office personnel use computer software to input the information in the map one by one, and according to the requirements, area, or time period, a productive logging map of the mining area with a larger area is formed.

[0013] The productive logging map of the mining area contains the information of two planes. For the convenience of plane ore delineation and logging, the map is copied into two and edited, corresponding to the upper elevation and lower elevation of the stage bench respectively. Only the ore encounter information on the upper plane is retained on the upper plane map of the bench, and only the ore encounter information on the lower plane is retained on the lower plane map of the bench.

[0014] On each plane map, the boundaries of the ore-rock mass are delineated according to the geological ore delineation rules, connecting each ore-rock boundary point to delineate the ore body, waste rock, and intercalated rock boundaries, completing the delineation of the ore body within the plane of the mining area. At the same time, special geological structures such as fractures, collapses, and karst caves found during the drilling process, as well as information such as the comprehensive grade, are marked on the map to form the mining geological map corresponding to the elevation.

[0015] When the upper plane for the productive prospecting logging in the blasting area and the lower plane for forming the mining geological map are the same plane, analysis and discrimination should be carried out before processing.

[0016] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1) The present invention records the ore occurrence conditions on the upper and lower planes of the stage bench with simple four legends, conducts logging analysis, and based on this, re-circles the ore bodies on the upper and lower planes. Based on this, mining design is carried out, and the blast hole density replaces the original exploration density, greatly improving the accuracy of mining design and improving mining technical and economic indicators such as ore recovery rate. At the same time, compared with the traditional drilling column logging method, under the premise of meeting the mining technical control requirements, the work efficiency is improved, the workload is greatly reduced, and it is a simple, convenient and economical logging analysis method;

[0018] 2) The present invention uses a relatively small control spacing and a relatively economical and simple logging method to achieve relatively economical productive prospecting logging for relatively low-value ore deposits. The formed results reduce the possibility of resource loss from the source of mining design, provide relatively accurate and detailed data for exploration and mining comparison and cost accounting, are of great significance for strengthening the control of mining technology and costs, etc., have obvious effects on improving mining technical and economic indicators, meet the requirements of efficient resource utilization and high-quality development of mines, can be used as a supplement and specific application of the "Specifications for Mine Geological Work" (DZ / T 0401-2022), and are worthy of popularization and use in mines;

[0019] 3) The present invention has low requirements for the professionalism of on-site logging personnel. After simple training, it can meet the needs of completing the productive prospecting logging map of the blasting area. With the participation of a small number of geological and surveying personnel, the entire process of productive prospecting can be completed;

[0020] 4) The present invention is also applicable to software such as 3DMINE, and can realize mine geological modeling, geological reserve estimation, open-pit mining design, excavation plan arrangement, etc., and can provide reliable support for the construction of digital mines and transparent mines in terms of detailed basic data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is the productive prospecting logging map of the blasting area in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is the productive logging map of the mining area in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is the mining geological map in the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Components of the embodiments of the present invention usually described and illustrated in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0025] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Embodiment

[0027] The present invention provides a method for prospecting and logging in open-pit mine production, which specifically includes the following steps: According to the characteristics of the ore-waste boundary, samples are taken hole by hole according to the blast hole spacing. According to the control requirements of the mining process and the bench height, the ore-seeing conditions at the hole top and hole bottom are recorded according to a certain specified map series. Subsequently, plane logging is carried out in computer CAD (or GIS) software, and then it is copied and split into two layers according to the elevation of the upper and lower planes of the bench. For each layer, the ore body is redelineated according to the ore-seeing conditions to obtain the horizontal projection maps of the upper and lower planes. The upper plane map guides the current stage of separate blasting, separate loading, and separate transportation to control mining losses; the lower plane map controls non-mining losses and mining losses from the beginning of guiding the fine design of the next stage of mining to the whole process of mining out the ore.

[0028] The ore-waste boundary characteristics include single blasting areas and mining areas, and the specific content is as follows:

[0029] 1. Collection and logging of single blasting areas (blocks)

[0030] Field field personnel daily follow the drilling operation, observe and record the ore-seeing conditions of each blast hole, and fill and draw the results on the "Productive Prospecting Logging Map of the Blasting Area" generated from the corresponding "Drilling Plane Design Map" according to the requirements of the legend, so as to realize the collection and logging of the ore-seeing information on the upper and lower planes of each blast hole in the blasting area. During this process, special geological structures such as fractures, collapses, and karst caves that affect mining activities are also marked on the drawings. Since the grade variation coefficient of the single blasting area is not large and the area of a single mining area accounts for a relatively small proportion in the total area of the ore deposit, one analysis sample can be taken from the ore-seeing blast holes in each blasting area by the grab method to analyze and form the comprehensive ore-seeing grade of the blasting block, and the grade information is logged on the "Productive Prospecting Logging Map of the Blasting Area" ( Figure 1 ).

[0031] 2. Logging and analysis of mining areas

[0032] With the completion of perforation in each blasting area, a "Productive Exploration Record Map of Blasting Area" containing the ore discovery situation in each blast hole and the ore grade information of the mining area is formed. The in-office personnel use computer CAD (or GIS) software to input the information in the map one by one, and according to requirements, area or time period, a larger "Productive Record Map of Mining Area" ( Figure 2 ) is formed, such as the "Productive Record Map of Western Mining Area". At this time, the "Productive Record Map of Mining Area" contains information on two planes. For the convenience of ore delineation and recording on the plane, the map is copied into two and edited, corresponding to the upper elevation and lower elevation on the bench flat respectively. Only the ore discovery information on the upper plane is retained on the upper plane plan of the bench flat, and only the ore discovery information on the lower plane is retained on the lower plane plan of the bench flat. On each plan, the boundaries of ore and rock masses are delineated according to the geological ore delineation rules. For example, between blast holes with ore discovery and those without ore discovery, a 1 / 4 principle is used for flat pushing to determine the ore-rock boundary. Connect each ore-rock boundary point to delineate the boundaries of ore bodies, waste rocks, and intercalated rocks, and complete the delineation of ore bodies within the plane of the mining area. At the same time, special geological structures such as fractures, collapses, and karst caves found during the drilling process, as well as information such as comprehensive grades, are marked on the map to form a "Mining Geological Map" corresponding to the elevation ( Figure 3 ), such as the "Mining Geological Map of the 1976 Plane in the Western Mining Area".

[0033] 3. Adjustment, analysis and processing of the same plane

[0034] For the same plane, which is both the lower plane of the upper bench flat and the upper plane of the lower bench flat, affected by factors such as the difference in the layout of blast hole positions, the inclination of the ore body, and poor control of the perforation angle, there may be a phenomenon that when the same plane is used as the upper plane for productive exploration record of the blasting area, there are differences in information from the "Mining Geological Map of the * Plane" formed as the lower plane. In this regard, analysis and discrimination should be carried out before processing. For example, if the drilling positions are close, and it is determined to be an inclined ore body by observing the bench section, the over-depth characteristics should be considered and the mining design of the "Mining Geological Map of the * Plane" formed as the lower plane should be followed; if the drilling positions are in the spacing of the upper bench drill holes, the control effect of later drill hole supplementation should be considered, the recording should be refined to make the judgment of the ore-rock boundary more accurate, and the remaining drill holes should be implemented after optimizing the perforation design; if there are inconsistent ore-rock information at the same position, it is necessary to recheck and analyze the control of the perforation angle, the recording quality, and the sense of responsibility.

[0035] 4. Application in mining production

[0036] 4.1 The role of accurate resource reserve calculation in the calculation of technical and economic indicators

[0037] By comparing and analyzing the elevation of the flat bench in the "Mining Geological Map" with the lower elevation of the previous flat bench in the "Mining Geological Map", and combining the observation and analysis of the bench end face during the production process, the horizontal section method is used to calculate the resource reserves. Since the ore body boundary is delineated based on the blast hole spacing (such as 5 meters × 7 meters), the calculation accuracy is significantly improved compared with other grid estimation accuracies. This greatly improves the calculation accuracy and precision of the recovery rate index, unit consumption indexes such as explosives, electricity, and drill tools, and the total amount of mining and stripping calculated therefrom, providing a reliable basis for aspects such as resource utilization, exploration and mining comparison, and unit cost analysis, and promoting the quality improvement and efficiency increase of the mine.

[0038] 4.2 Role of Refining Mining Design in Index Improvement

[0039] When conducting mining design, according to the "Mining Geological Map" formed by the lower plane recording of the blast holes on the flat bench in the previous stage, and in accordance with the ore body boundaries delineated based on the blast hole recording, the optimization layout of the blasting blocks is carried out to achieve true separate drilling and blasting with a smaller control spacing, greatly reducing the ore being mixed into the waste rock and discarded, and the over-standard mixing rate of the ore with rock being unable to be utilized and discarded, effectively reducing the mining loss and increasing the ore recovery rate.

[0040] 4.3 Role of Improving Resource Control Degree in Mining and Stripping Plan and Production Preparation

[0041] By using this method, the ore body is delineated with the blast hole spacing (such as 5 meters × 7 meters), the reserve control degree and reliability are improved, and the two-level ore reserves delineated and calculated therefrom are more accurate. Based on this, the guiding and implementable nature of the "Mining and Stripping Technical Plan" compiled is greatly improved compared with the traditional method, facilitating production preparation, stope allocation, and coordinated organization, and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the mine.

Claims

1. A method for prospecting and logging in open-pit mine production, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: According to the characteristics of the ore-waste boundary, samples are taken hole by hole according to the blast hole spacing. According to the requirements of the mining process control and the bench height, the ore occurrence at the hole top and hole bottom is recorded according to a certain specified map series. Subsequently, plane logging is carried out in computer software, and it is copied and split into two layers according to the upper and lower plane elevations of the bench, corresponding to each layer. Then, the ore body is re-circled according to the ore occurrence to obtain the horizontal projection maps of the upper and lower planes. The upper plane map guides the current stage of separate blasting, separate loading, and separate hauling to control mining losses. The lower plane map controls non-mining losses and mining losses from the beginning of guiding the fine design of the next stage of mining to the whole process of mined ore extraction.

2. A prospecting compilation method for open-pit mine production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The characteristics of the ore-waste boundary include the single-blast area and the mining area.

3. A method for prospecting and logging in open-pit mine production according to claim 2, characterized in that: The collection and logging method for the single-blast area is as follows: Field field personnel observe and record the ore occurrence of each blast hole during the daily perforation operation. According to the requirements of the legend, the results are filled and drawn on the productive prospecting logging map of the blast area, realizing the collection and logging of the ore occurrence information on the upper and lower surfaces of each blast hole on the bench in the blast area.

4. A method for prospecting and logging in open-pit mine production according to claim 3, characterized in that: When collecting and logging the single-blast area, if special geological structures such as fractures, collapses, and karst caves that affect mining activities are found, they need to be marked on the map.

5. A method for prospecting and logging in open-pit mine production according to claim 4, characterized in that: For each single-blast area, an analysis sample can be taken from the ore-bearing blast hole by the grab method to analyze the comprehensive ore grade of the blasting block, and the grade information is logged on the productive prospecting logging map of the blast area.

6. A method for prospecting record compilation in open-pit mine production according to claim 3, characterized in that: The collection and logging method for the mining area is as follows: As the perforation of each blast area is completed, a productive prospecting logging map of the blast area containing the ore occurrence of the blast hole and the ore grade information of the mining area is formed for each. The in-office personnel use computer software to input the information in the map one by one, and according to the requirements, area, or time period, a productive logging map of the mining area with a larger area is formed.

7. A method for prospecting and logging in open-pit mine production according to claim 6, characterized in that: The productive logging map of the mining area contains the information of two planes. For the convenience of plane ore delineation and logging, the map is copied into two and edited, corresponding to the upper elevation and the lower elevation of the bench respectively. Only the ore occurrence information on the upper plane is retained on the upper plane map of the bench, and only the ore occurrence information on the lower plane is retained on the lower plane map of the bench.

8. A method for prospecting compilation in open-pit mine production according to claim 7, characterized in that: On each plane map, the boundaries of the ore-rock body are delineated according to the geological ore delineation rules, connecting each ore-rock boundary point to delineate the ore body, waste rock, and the boundary of the intercalated rock, completing the delineation of the ore body within the plane of the mining area. At the same time, special geological structures such as fractures, collapses, and karst caves found during the drilling process, as well as information such as the comprehensive grade, are marked on the map to form the mining geological map corresponding to the elevation.

9. A method for prospecting and logging in open-pit mine production according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the upper plane for productive prospecting logging of the blast area and the lower plane for forming the mining geological map are the same plane, analysis and discrimination should be carried out before processing.

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