Sectional type mariculture method for salmon and trout based on deep and far sea culture work ship

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture and ocean resource development, and relates to a salmon and trout sectional type mariculture method based on a deep and far sea culture work ship, which comprises the following steps: transferring large-size fingerlings cultured in offshore deepwater net cages into the culture work ship at proper density at the end of spring and the beginning of summer; driving the culture work ship to a sea area with low-temperature seawater at the bottom layer, and enabling the fingerling to continuously grow into semi-finished fish; when typhoons need to be avoided, the culture work ship is driven to a sea area which is slightly influenced by the typhoons and has low-temperature seawater at the bottom layer; in late autumn and early winter, most or all semi-finished fish cultured in the culture work ship is transferred back to the offshore deepwater net cage, and commercial fish culture is continued; the commodity specification is reached in the next spring. According to the method, fish putting time, culture sea areas and culture modes are scientifically arranged, the culture cost can be reduced, the market competitiveness of cultured products is enhanced, and the method can be widely applied to northern sea areas in China.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the fields of aquaculture and marine resource development, and particularly relates to a segmented seawater aquaculture method for salmon and trout based on a deep-sea and far-sea aquaculture ship. Background Art

[0002] Seawater aquaculture of salmon and trout (such as Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout, etc.) is a popular aquatic product. Currently, the salmon and trout products sold on the market mainly come from aquaculture cages in the nearshore waters of high-latitude and low-temperature seas (such as the nearshore waters of countries like Norway and Chile). In recent years, China has also started using various facilities to culture salmon and trout, including land-based recirculating water systems using underground low-temperature seawater, land-based recirculating water aquaculture systems with artificially reduced seawater temperature, submersible truss cages using bottom low-temperature seawater in the Yellow Sea cold water mass area, and offshore truss cages for aquaculture in the low-temperature season of winter half-year. The land-based recirculating water system for aquaculture of salmon and trout has strong controllability, but in addition to occupying land, it also requires a huge amount of electric energy for water quality treatment and regulation. Therefore, the price of its products is difficult to compete with imported products from abroad. Although the investment in aquaculture of salmon and trout using nearshore cages in the low-temperature season of winter half-year is less and the aquaculture cost is lower, it is impossible to carry out aquaculture throughout the year, so the market competitiveness of its products is weak. Although the current methods for culturing salmon and trout using the above-mentioned facilities in China have their own advantages, the aquaculture cost is relatively high or it is impossible to produce products throughout the year. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a seawater salmon and trout aquaculture method that is relatively easy to implement and has strong market competitiveness.

[0003] Based on this, the present invention provides a new seawater salmon and trout aquaculture method, which has the advantages of relatively low aquaculture cost and strong market competitiveness of products, and can be widely applied to the aquaculture of salmon and trout in the northern coastal areas of China. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the drawbacks of the weak market competitiveness or huge one-time investment of the existing seawater salmon and trout aquaculture products in China, and proposes a seawater salmon and trout aquaculture method based on the cooperation of an aquaculture ship and a deep-water cage, giving full play to the respective advantages of the aquaculture ship and the offshore deep-water cage, using the aquaculture ship for aquaculture and typhoon avoidance in the high-temperature season, and using the deep-water cage for aquaculture in other seasons, so as to achieve the annual production of commercial fish, reduce the aquaculture cost and the intensity of one-time investment.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A segmented seawater aquaculture method for salmon and trout based on a deep-sea and far-sea aquaculture ship, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) In late spring and early summer, before the temperature of the surface water in the coastal waters rises to an unsuitable level for culturing salmonids, transfer the large-sized fish fries cultured in the deep-sea cages in the coastal waters to the culture ship at an appropriate density, and sail the culture ship to the sea area with low-temperature seawater at the bottom layer, so that the fish fries continue to grow into semi-finished fish;

[0008] (2) When typhoon avoidance is required, sail the culture ship to the sea area with less typhoon influence and low-temperature seawater at the bottom layer;

[0009] (3) By late autumn and early winter, when the temperature of the surface seawater in the coastal sea area drops to a suitable level for culturing salmonids, sail the culture ship back to the coastal sea area, and transfer most or all of the semi-finished fish cultured in the culture ship back to the deep-sea cages in the coastal waters, and continue to carry out commercial fish culture;

[0010] (4) In the following spring, gradually catch the salmonid individuals that reach the commercial specification in the deep-sea cages and the culture ship.

[0011] Further, the large-sized fish fries in the step (1) are salmonids with an individual specification of 0.5 - 1.0 kg, and the density of their transfer to the culture ship is 5 - 10 kg / m 3 .

[0012] Further, in the step (1), the large-sized fish fries transferred to the culture ship in late spring and early summer can also be large-sized salmonid fish fries cultured in land-based freshwater and subjected to salinization treatment.

[0013] Further, the salinization treatment includes: transferring the salmonid fish fries cultured in freshwater to the seawater salinization workshop with a seawater temperature of 15 - 18 °C, controlling the fish stocking density at 30 - 50 kg / m 3 , and carrying out salinization domestication for 7 - 10 days to make them adaptable to seawater culture.

[0014] Further, the sea area with low-temperature seawater at the bottom layer includes the sea areas in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea regions where there is cold water suitable for culturing salmonids at the bottom layer or the sea areas where the low-temperature seawater at the bottom layer climbs to the surface due to obstruction.

[0015] Further, the sea area with less typhoon influence and low-temperature seawater at the bottom layer includes the sea areas on the leeward side of large islands in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea regions or the sea area with low-temperature seawater in the western part of Lushun.

[0016] Further, the deep-sea cages in the coastal waters have the function of adjusting the culture water layer, and after the cultivation of large-sized salmonid fish fries is completed in late spring and early summer, they can continue to be used for culturing high-temperature seawater fish.

[0017] Further, in the step (3), the surface seawater temperature in the offshore sea area is 14-16°C; an aquaculture mode of using offshore deep-water cages or a combination of offshore deep-water cages and aquaculture vessels is adopted, and the stocking density of salmon and trout in the deep-water cages and aquaculture vessels is 6-10 tails / m 3 .

[0018] Further, in the step (4), the individual specification of the salmon and trout reaching the commercial specification is above 4 kg.

[0019] Advantages of the present invention:

[0020] The seawater salmon and trout aquaculture method provided by the present invention mainly includes moving large-sized fry cultivated in deep-water cages in the low-temperature season to an aquaculture vessel for summer cultivation at the end of spring and the beginning of summer, sailing the aquaculture vessel to a sheltered sea area with low-temperature seawater at the bottom for cultivation in the high-temperature and typhoon months, moving the semi-finished fish cultivated in the aquaculture vessel back to the deep-water cage for continued cultivation at the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, and reaching the commercial fish specification in the following spring. By scientifically arranging the fish stocking time, aquaculture sea area, and aquaculture method, this method reduces the aquaculture cost and enhances the market competitiveness of aquaculture products; it can be widely applied to the aquaculture of salmon and trout in the northern seas of China. Description of the drawings

[0021] Figure 1 It is a flow chart for the collaborative aquaculture of salmon and trout by an aquaculture vessel and a deep-water aquaculture cage;

[0022] In the figure, 1 represents an offshore deep-water cage, 2 represents an aquaculture vessel located in the inshore sea area, 3 represents an aquaculture vessel located at the bottom of the sea area with cold water resources, 4 represents an aquaculture vessel located in a sheltered sea area with cold water resources at the bottom, and 5 represents an aquaculture vessel returning to the offshore. Detailed implementation manners

[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] To further understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0025] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention provides a segmented seawater aquaculture method for salmon and trout based on a deep-sea and far-sea aquaculture vessel, including the following steps:

[0026] (1) In the late spring and early summer, before the temperature of the near - shore surface water rises to an unsuitable level for culturing salmon and trout, large - sized fry with an individual size of 0.5 - 1.0 kg cultured in deep - sea cages near the shore are transferred to the culture ship at a density of 5 - 10 kg / m 3 , and the culture ship is sailed to the sea areas in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea where the bottom layer has cold water suitable for culturing salmon and trout or where the bottom - layer low - temperature sea water climbs to the surface due to obstacles, so that the fry continue to grow into semi - finished fish;

[0027] The large - sized fry transferred to the culture ship in the late spring and early summer can also be large - sized salmon and trout fry cultured in land - based fresh - water aquaculture after salinization treatment. The salinization treatment process includes: transferring the salmon and trout fry cultured in fresh - water to a seawater salinization workshop with a seawater temperature of 15 - 18 °C, and controlling the fish - stocking density at 30 - 50 kg / m 3 , and conducting salinization domestication for 7 - 10 days to make them adaptable to seawater aquaculture.

[0028] (2) When typhoon avoidance is required, the culture ship is sailed to the sea area on the leeward side of large islands in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea or the sea area with low - temperature sea water in the western part of Lushun.

[0029] (3) By the late autumn and early winter, when the surface seawater temperature drops to a suitable level for culturing salmon and trout (at this time, the surface seawater temperature in the near - shore sea area is about 14 - 16 °C), the culture ship is sailed back to the near - shore sea area, and most or all of the semi - finished fish cultured in the culture ship are transferred back to the deep - sea cages near the shore. Adopt the aquaculture mode of deep - sea cages near the shore or deep - sea cages near the shore plus a culture ship. The stocking density of salmon and trout in the deep - sea cages and the culture ship is 6 - 10 tails / m 3 ; continue to implement commercial fish aquaculture;

[0030] (4) In the following spring, gradually catch the individual salmon and trout with a commercial size of more than 4 kg in the deep - sea cages and the culture ship.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The following further illustrates a segmented seawater aquaculture method for salmon and trout based on a deep - sea and far - sea culture ship of the present invention by taking the migratory rainbow trout cultured in seawater in Lianyungang as an example:

[0033] (1) In late winter and early spring, hatch and cultivate rainbow trout fry in fresh - water bodies. By late autumn, the individual size can reach about 150 g;

[0034] (2) When the seawater temperature drops to about 15 °C, transfer the rainbow trout fry cultured in fresh - water to the seawater salinization workshop; control the fish - stocking density at 30 - 50 kg / m 3 , and conduct salinization domestication for about 10 days to make them adaptable to seawater aquaculture;

[0035] (3) Transfer the salted rainbow trout fry into deep - sea cages set in the offshore area for over - wintering cultivation, with the density controlled at about 5 kg / m 3 or so; Cultivate until April - May of the following year, and the individual size of rainbow trout cultured in the deep - sea cages can reach about 500 g, and the cultivation density reaches about 15 kg / m 3 or so;

[0036] (4) When the surface water temperature in the cultivation sea area rises to about 15 °C, transfer the rainbow trout cultured in the deep - sea cages into the cultivation workboat, with the density maintained at about 7 kg / m 3 or so; Then, sail the cultivation workboat to the east side of the Inner Changshan Archipelago in the Yellow Sea for continuous cultivation;

[0037] (5) On days when the cultivation sea area is greatly affected by typhoons, sail the cultivation workboat to the sea area in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea that can avoid typhoons and has low - temperature seawater at the bottom, such as the west side of Lushun or the leeward side of large islands; After the typhoon, sail back to the cultivation sea area for cultivation;

[0038] (6) In months when the upper - layer water temperature is not suitable for cultivating salmonid fish, pump the low - temperature seawater at the bottom to adjust the water temperature in the cultivation workboat; Keep the water temperature at 15 - 18 °C by adjusting the water intake depth; In other months, pump the surface seawater for cultivation; The number of water exchanges is not less than 5 times a day;

[0039] (7) By the end of November to the beginning of December, the rainbow trout in the cultivation workboat can reach semi - finished fish with a size of about 1500 g, and the density reaches about 20 kg / m 3 or so; When the surface seawater temperature in the offshore cultivation sea area of Lianyungang drops to about 15 °C, sail the cultivation workboat back to the cultivation sea area of Lianyungang;

[0040] (8) Transfer two - thirds or all of the semi - finished rainbow trout in the cultivation workboat into deep - sea cages; Use deep - sea cages or deep - sea cages + cultivation workboats to continue the cultivation of finished fish; The stocking density of rainbow trout in deep - sea cages and cultivation workboats is 6 tails / m 3 ;

[0041] (9) Cultivate until April - May of the next year, and the individual size of rainbow trout cultured in deep - sea cages and cultivation workboats will reach more than 4 kg.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This example also uses the cultivation method of the present invention to cultivate migratory rainbow trout in Lianyungang, including the following steps:

[0044] (1) Hatch and cultivate rainbow trout fry in fresh - water bodies at the end of winter and the beginning of spring, and the individual size can reach about 200 g by the end of autumn;

[0045] When the seawater temperature drops to about 16 °C, transfer the rainbow trout fry cultured in fresh water to the seawater salinization workshop, and the fish - stocking density is controlled at 30 kg / m3 , conduct salinization domestication for 7 days to enable it to adapt to seawater aquaculture;

[0046] Transfer the salinized rainbow trout fry into deep - water cages set in the coastal sea for over - wintering aquaculture, with the density controlled at 7 kg / m 3 ; Cultivate until April - May of the next year, and the individual size of rainbow trout cultured in the deep - water cages can reach about 800 g;

[0047] When the surface water temperature in the aquaculture sea area rises to about 16 °C, transfer the rainbow trout cultured in the deep - water cages into the aquaculture workboat, with the density maintained at 5 kg / m 3 ; Then, sail the aquaculture workboat to the east side of Changshan Archipelago in the Yellow Sea for continuous aquaculture;

[0048] (2) On days when the aquaculture sea area is greatly affected by typhoons, sail the aquaculture workboat to the west side of Lushun or the leeward side of large islands, and then sail back to the aquaculture sea area for aquaculture after the typhoon;

[0049] (6) In months when the upper - layer water temperature is not suitable for culturing salmonid fish, pump the bottom low - temperature seawater to adjust the water temperature in the aquaculture workboat; Keep the water temperature at 15 - 18 °C by adjusting the water intake depth; In other months, pump the surface seawater for aquaculture; The water change frequency is not less than 5 times a day;

[0050] (7) By the end of November to the beginning of December, the rainbow trout in the aquaculture workboat can reach semi - finished fish with a size of about 1.7 kg, and the density reaches 18 kg / m 3 ; When the surface seawater temperature in the aquaculture sea area near Lianyungang drops to about 14 °C, sail the aquaculture workboat back to the aquaculture sea area of Lianyungang;

[0051] (8) Transfer two - thirds or all of the semi - finished rainbow trout in the aquaculture workboat into deep - water cages; Use deep - water cages or deep - water cages + aquaculture workboat to continue the finished - fish aquaculture; The stocking density of rainbow trout in deep - water cages and aquaculture workboats is 8 tails / m 3 ;

[0052] (9) Cultivate until April - May of the next year, and the individual size of rainbow trout cultured in deep - water cages and aquaculture workboats will reach about 5.0 kg.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] This example also uses the aquaculture method of the present invention to culture migratory rainbow trout in the seawater of Lianyungang, including the following steps:

[0055] (1) Hatch and culture rainbow trout fry in fresh - water bodies at the end of winter and the beginning of spring, and the individual size can reach about 400 g by the end of autumn;

[0056] When the seawater temperature drops to 18 °C, transfer the rainbow trout fry cultured in fresh water to the seawater salinization workshop, and control the fish stocking density at 40 kg / m3 , perform salinization domestication for 8 days to enable it to adapt to seawater aquaculture;

[0057] Transfer the salinized rainbow trout fry into deep - sea cages set in the offshore area for over - wintering aquaculture, with the density controlled at 10 kg / m 3 ; When cultured until April - May of the next year, the individual size of rainbow trout cultured in the deep - sea cages can reach about 900 g;

[0058] Before the surface water temperature in the aquaculture sea area rises to 18 °C, transfer the rainbow trout cultured in the deep - sea cages into the aquaculture workboat, with the density maintained at 10 kg / m 3 or so; Then, sail the aquaculture workboat to the east side sea area of Changshan Archipelago in the Yellow Sea for continuous culture;

[0059] (2) On days when the aquaculture sea area is greatly affected by typhoons, sail the aquaculture workboat to the west side sea area of Lushun or the leeward side sea area of large islands, and then sail back to the aquaculture sea area for culture after the typhoon;

[0060] (6) In months when the upper - layer water temperature is not suitable for culturing salmonid fish, pump the bottom low - temperature seawater to adjust the water temperature in the aquaculture workboat; Keep the water temperature at 15 - 18 °C by adjusting the water intake depth; In other months, pump the surface seawater for culture; The water change frequency is not less than 5 times per day;

[0061] (7) By the end of November to the beginning of December, the rainbow trout in the aquaculture workboat can reach semi - finished fish with a size of about 2.0 kg, and the density reaches 15 kg / m 3 ; When the surface seawater temperature in the aquaculture sea area near Lianyungang drops to about 16 °C, sail the aquaculture workboat back to the aquaculture sea area of Lianyungang;

[0062] (8) Transfer two - thirds or all of the semi - finished rainbow trout in the aquaculture workboat into deep - sea cages; Use deep - sea cages or deep - sea cages + aquaculture workboat to continue the culture of finished fish; The stocking density of rainbow trout in deep - sea cages and aquaculture workboats is 10 tails / m 3 ;

[0063] (9) When cultured until April - May of the next year, the individual size of rainbow trout cultured in deep - sea cages and aquaculture workboats will reach about 5.5 kg.

[0064] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not a limitation to the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacement for some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, modification, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A segmented seawater aquaculture method for salmon and trout based on a deep - sea and far - sea aquaculture vessel, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: (1) In late spring and early summer, before the temperature of the nearshore surface water rises to an unsuitable level for culturing salmonids, transfer large-sized fry cultured in deep-sea cages in the nearshore area to the aquaculture ship at an appropriate density, and sail the aquaculture ship to the sea area with low-temperature seawater at the bottom layer, so that the fry continue to grow into semi-finished fish; (2) When typhoon avoidance is required, sail the aquaculture ship to the sea area with less typhoon influence and low-temperature seawater at the bottom layer; (3) By late autumn and early winter, when the temperature of the nearshore surface seawater drops to a suitable level for culturing salmonids, sail the aquaculture ship back to the nearshore sea area, and transfer most or all of the semi-finished fish cultured in the aquaculture ship back to the deep-sea cages in the nearshore area, and continue to implement commercial fish culture; (4) In the following spring, gradually catch the salmonid individuals that reach the commercial size in the deep-sea cages and the aquaculture ship.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The large-sized fish species in step (1) are salmonids with an individual size of 0.5 - 1.0 kg, and their transfer density to the aquaculture workboat is 5 - 10 kg / m 3 .

3. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1) above, the large-sized fry transferred to the aquaculture ship in late spring and early summer can also be large-sized salmonid fry cultured in land-based fresh water after salinization treatment.

4. The breeding method according to claim 3, wherein The salinization treatment includes: transferring the fry of salmonids cultured in fresh water to a seawater salinization workshop with a seawater temperature of 15-18 °C, and controlling the fish stocking density at 30-50 kg / m 3 , and conducting salinization domestication for 7-10 days to enable them to adapt to seawater culture.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein The sea areas with low-temperature seawater at the bottom layer include the sea areas in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea areas where there is cold water suitable for culturing salmonids at the bottom layer or the sea areas where the low-temperature seawater at the bottom layer climbs to the surface due to obstruction.

6. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that The sea areas with less typhoon influence and low-temperature seawater at the bottom layer include the sea areas on the leeward side of large islands in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea areas or the sea areas with low-temperature seawater in the western part of Lüshun.

7. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deep-sea cages in the nearshore area have the function of adjusting the aquaculture water layer, and after the salmonids are reared, they can continue to be used for culturing high-temperature seawater fish.

8. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step (3), the surface seawater temperature in the offshore sea area is 14-16°C; an aquaculture mode of using offshore deep-water cages or a combination of offshore deep-water cages and aquaculture vessels is adopted, and the stocking density of salmon and trout in the deep-water cages and aquaculture vessels is 6-10 tails / m 3 .

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