Photovoltaic glass with anti-reflection and light conversion dual functions

Abstract

The invention discloses photovoltaic glass with double functions of anti-reflection and light conversion. The photovoltaic glass comprises a glass substrate (102) and an inner surface coating (103), the inner surface coating (103) is formed by a bifunctional nano material (201), and the nano material can absorb ultraviolet light and convert the ultraviolet light into visible light or near-infrared light. The inner surface coating (103) is formed through roller coating, spray coating, blade coating or slit coating, has an anti-reflection function, and can significantly improve the transmissivity of the wave band of 380-1100 nm. An air layer and a single-layer or multi-layer antireflection layer can be arranged on the outer surface of the glass substrate (102), and the glass type comprises plate glass or patterned glass. The photovoltaic module adopting the photovoltaic glass (300) provided by the invention has significantly improved photoelectric conversion efficiency, and is suitable for monocrystalline silicon, perovskite and other various modules. The method is simple in process and compatible with an existing production line, double functions of anti-reflection and light conversion are achieved through a single coating, and social benefits are remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a photovoltaic glass with dual functions of antireflection and light conversion, belonging to the field of photovoltaic power generation. Background Art

[0002] With the major global transition to renewable energy, the improvement of the efficiency of photovoltaic modules has received increasing attention. The development of new photovoltaic technologies, such as the use of N-type monocrystalline silicon cell technologies, perovskite cell technologies, etc., has continuously improved the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Traditional photovoltaic glass uses an outer antireflection coating to achieve the antireflection effect. However, its utilization rate of the ultraviolet light band is low, and further efficiency optimization requires more advanced spectral optimization technologies.

[0003] Nanomaterials, as a frontier material with diverse, adjustable, and controllable optoelectronic properties, have an adjustable light absorption range and a controllable light emission range, and have important application values in photovoltaic modules. They can convert photons with relatively low conversion rates in photovoltaic modules into photons with relatively high utilization rates through nanomaterials, thereby improving the efficiency of photovoltaic modules, which is very important for the technological upgrading of the traditional photovoltaic industry. In the prior art, some materials can be used for spectral conversion, but their antireflection effects are limited, and they even reduce the transmittance. Moreover, the preparation process is complex and the compatibility with existing production lines is poor. The present invention provides a nanomaterial-coated photovoltaic glass with both antireflection and light conversion functions to simultaneously achieve the dual functions of antireflection and light conversion through a single coating, simplify the process, and improve the efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the problems of low utilization rate of ultraviolet light in existing photovoltaic glass and the difficulty in achieving both antireflection and light conversion functions, the present invention provides a photovoltaic glass with dual functions of antireflection and light conversion. Its technical solution includes: using a dual-functional nanomaterial 201 to form an inner surface coating 103. The nanomaterial can absorb ultraviolet light in the range of 300 - 400 nm and convert it into visible light in the range of 380 - 700 nm or near-infrared light in the range of 700 - 1100 nm. At the same time, the coating has an antireflection function, significantly improving the transmittance in the range of 380 - 1100 nm. The inner surface coating 103 of the photovoltaic glass is prepared by processes such as roll coating and spraying, is compatible with existing production lines, and can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency when applied to photovoltaic modules.

[0005] The present invention is simply applied and closely combined with existing industrial production lines, simultaneously achieving the dual functions of antireflection and light conversion through a single coating, with significant application effects, obvious gains in photoelectric conversion efficiency for N-type monocrystalline silicon modules such as TOPCON and heterojunction, and significant social benefits.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A photovoltaic glass with dual functions of antireflection and light conversion, which uses a dual-functional nanomaterial 201 as the inner surface coating 103. The dual-functional nanomaterial 201 can absorb ultraviolet light and convert it into visible light or near-infrared light; Among them, the inner surface coating 103 can also achieve an antireflection and antireflection enhancement effect to obtain a dual-functional photovoltaic glass 300. The outer surface coating 101 of the glass substrate 102 is one of an air layer, a single-layer antireflection layer, and a multi-layer antireflection layer. The thickness of the antireflection layer is 50-200 nm.

[0007] The dual-functional nanomaterial 201 described in the present invention is one or several of zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, perovskite quantum dots, and dopants of Mn, Mg, Sn, Al, and S of the above nanomaterials.

[0008] The doping ratio of the doping element of the dual-functional nanomaterial 201 described in the present invention is 0.1%-20%.

[0009] The photovoltaic glass with dual functions of antireflection and light conversion described in the present invention can coat the dual-functional nanomaterial 201 in the form of roll coating, spraying, knife coating, and slot coating, and dry it at 80-150 °C after coating.

[0010] The glass substrate 102 used in the dual-functional photovoltaic glass 300 described in the present invention can be flat glass or embossed glass, and the thickness is 1-10 mm.

[0011] The dual-functional photovoltaic glass 300 described in the present invention can greatly improve the sunlight transmittance of 380-1100 nm, and at the same time has the effect of absorbing ultraviolet light and converting it into visible light or near-infrared light, which is very beneficial for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0012] The above-mentioned photovoltaic module can be one of a monocrystalline silicon PERC module, a monocrystalline silicon TOPCON module, a monocrystalline silicon heterojunction module, a monocrystalline silicon BC module, a perovskite module, a CdTe module, a CuInGaSe module, an organic photovoltaic module, a quantum dot module, an amorphous silicon module, and a GaAs module, or a stacked module composed of several combinations.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The present invention realizes further antireflection of glass and the light conversion function through a simple method compatible with the existing industrial production line. The photovoltaic module prepared by the method of the present invention has further improved photoelectric conversion efficiency. Description of the Drawings

[0014] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic glass with dual functions of antireflection and light conversion; Figure 2 It is the structural diagram of the bifunctional photovoltaic glass in Example 1; Figure 3 It is the structural diagram of the bifunctional photovoltaic glass in Example 2; Figure 4 It is the structural diagram of the bifunctional photovoltaic glass in Example 3; Figure 5 It is the structural diagram of the high-transmission glass in Reference Example 1; Figure 6 It is the structural diagram of the high-transmission glass in Reference Example 2; Figure 7 It is the microscope photograph of 301; Figure 8 It is an excitation and emission spectrum of a bifunctional nanomaterial used in Examples 1-4; Figure 9 It is an excitation and emission spectrum of a bifunctional nanomaterial; Figure 10 It is an excitation and emission spectrum of a bifunctional nanomaterial; Figure 11 It is an excitation and emission spectrum of a bifunctional nanomaterial; In the figure, 300 is the bifunctional photovoltaic glass, 101 is the outer surface coating, 102 is the glass, 103 is the inner surface coating, 201 is the bifunctional nanomaterial, 202 is the first antireflection coating, 203 is the second antireflection coating, 301 is the bifunctional photovoltaic glass in Example 1, 302 is the bifunctional photovoltaic glass in Example 2, 303 is the bifunctional photovoltaic glass in Example 3, 304 is the high-transmission glass in Reference Example 1, and 305 is the high-transmission glass in Reference Example 2. Detailed implementation manners

[0015] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments, but are not limited thereto. Any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention shall be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Example 1

[0016] A 2-mm-thick glass substrate 102 that has not been tempered is coated with a 100-nm-thick first antireflection coating 202 on its light incident surface by roll coating; After drying at 100 °C, a second antireflection coating 203 is continuously roll-coated on its surface; After drying at 100 °C, it is subjected to high-temperature tempering at 700 °C; On the light-emitting surface of the tempered glass, a bifunctional nanomaterial 201 with both light transmittance enhancement and light conversion functions is roll-coated to form an inner surface coating 103, and dried at 100 °C. Its thickness is 100 nm, and the bifunctional photovoltaic glass 301 in Example 1 is obtained. Example 2

[0017] The 2-mm-thick untempered glass substrate 102 is subjected to high-temperature tempering at 700 degrees Celsius. On the light-emitting surface of the tempered glass, a dual-functional nanomaterial 201 with both antireflection and light conversion functions is coated by roll coating to form an inner surface coating 103, and then dried at 100 degrees Celsius. Its thickness is 100 nm, and the dual-functional photovoltaic glass 302 in Example 2 is obtained. Example 3

[0018] The 2-mm-thick untempered glass substrate 102 is coated with a 100-nm-thick first antireflection coating 202 on its light-incident surface by roll coating. After drying at 100 degrees Celsius, it is subjected to high-temperature tempering at 700 degrees Celsius. On the light-emitting surface of the tempered glass, a dual-functional nanomaterial 201 with both antireflection and light conversion functions is coated by roll coating to form an inner surface coating 103, and then dried at 100 degrees Celsius. Its thickness is 100 nm, and the dual-functional photovoltaic glass 303 in Example 3 is obtained. Example 4

[0019] The operations are the same as those in Example 1, except that the coating methods are changed to spraying, knife coating, or slot coating, and the obtained dual-functional photovoltaic glasses are 306, 307, and 308 respectively. The thickness of the inner surface coating 103 is 100 nm, and they all have ultraviolet light absorption and light conversion functions (the excitation and emission spectra are as Figure 8 shown, absorbing ultraviolet light of 300 - 400 nm and converting it into visible light of 380 - 700 nm). Reference Example 1

[0020] The 2-mm-thick untempered glass substrate 102 is coated with a 100-nm-thick first antireflection coating 202 on its light-incident surface by roll coating. After drying at 100 degrees Celsius, a second antireflection coating 203 is continuously roll-coated on its surface. After drying at 100 degrees Celsius, it is subjected to high-temperature tempering at 700 degrees Celsius. The high-transmittance glass 304 in Reference Example 1 is obtained. Reference Example 2

[0021] The 2-mm-thick untempered glass substrate 102 is coated with a 100-nm-thick first antireflection coating 202 on its light-incident surface by roll coating. After drying at 100 degrees Celsius, it is subjected to high-temperature tempering at 700 degrees Celsius. The high-transmittance glass 305 in Reference Example 2 is obtained.

[0022] The glass substrate 102 in Examples 1-4 and Reference Examples 1-2 can be flat glass or embossed glass. When the glass substrate 102 is embossed glass, through Figure 7 the micrographs, it can be observed that in the grooves on the embossed surface of the bifunctional photovoltaic glass 301 in Example 1, there is an obvious coating, while the embossed ridges without liquid hanging are black around the grooves. The structures of the bifunctional photovoltaic glasses 306-308 in Example 4 are the same as those of the bifunctional photovoltaic glass 301 in Example 1, both being Figure 2 the structures in

[0023] For the untempered 2-mm-thick glass substrate 102, its average transmittance in the solar spectrum range of 380 nm - 1100 nm is 91.8%.

[0024] For the high-transmittance glass 304 in Reference Example 1, its average transmittance in the solar spectrum range of 380 nm - 1100 nm is measured to be 94.21%. When testing its absorption of ultraviolet light, it shows no ultraviolet light absorption effect.

[0025] For the high-transmittance glass 305 in Reference Example 2, its average transmittance in the solar spectrum range of 380 nm - 1100 nm is measured to be 94.02%. When testing its absorption of ultraviolet light, it shows no ultraviolet light absorption effect.

[0026] When testing the average transmittance of the bifunctional photovoltaic glass 301 in Example 1 in the solar spectrum range of 380 nm - 1100 nm, it reaches 95.23%. When testing its absorption of ultraviolet light, it shows an obvious ultraviolet light absorption effect.

[0027] When testing the average transmittance of the bifunctional photovoltaic glass 302 in Example 2 in the solar spectrum range of 380 nm - 1100 nm, it reaches 93.80%. When testing its absorption of ultraviolet light, it shows an obvious ultraviolet light absorption effect.

[0028] When testing the average transmittance of the bifunctional photovoltaic glass 303 in Example 3 in the solar spectrum range of 380 nm - 1100 nm, it reaches 94.90%. When testing its absorption of ultraviolet light, it shows an obvious ultraviolet light absorption effect.

[0029] The bifunctional nanomaterial 201 used in the above Examples 1-4 is zinc oxide quantum dots, and its excitation spectrum and emission spectrum are as shown in Figure 8 the figure. It can be seen from the figure that compared with the excitation spectrum, the emission spectrum significantly decreases in the ultraviolet light band of 300 - 400 nm, indicating that the bifunctional nanomaterial 201 absorbs ultraviolet light. The emission spectrum significantly increases in the range of 380 - 700 nm compared with the excitation spectrum, indicating that it converts the absorbed ultraviolet light into visible light. The absorbed excitation light is ultraviolet light, and the emitted light is visible light, thus realizing the light conversion function.

[0030] The bifunctional nanomaterial 201 used in the examples can also be replaced with, for example, Figure 9 zinc selenide quantum dots, Figure 10 sulfur-doped zinc selenide quantum dots (doping concentration 5%), Figure 11 and magnesium-doped zinc oxide quantum dots (doping concentration 10%) shown in different excitation and emission bands to achieve the same antireflection and light conversion functions.

[0031] In summary, it can be seen that the average transmittance in the 380 nm - 1100 nm band of sunlight is 1.02% higher in Example 1 than in Reference Example 1, 2.00% higher in Example 2 than in the embossed glass original sheet, and 0.88% higher in Example 3 than in Reference Example 2. The average transmittance of the photovoltaic glass with both antireflection and light conversion functions in the 380 nm - 1100 nm band of sunlight has been greatly improved. This is of great help for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0032] Photovoltaic modules using the same quality solar cells as in Example 1 and Reference Example 1 were tested and compared under standard sunlight, and their power generation powers were 588.74 W and 586.24 W respectively.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic glass with the dual functions of antireflection and light conversion, characterized in that, Comprising: a) a glass substrate (102); b) an inner surface coating (103) provided on the inner surface of the glass substrate (102), the inner surface coating (103) comprising a bifunctional nanomaterial (201); Wherein, the bifunctional nanomaterial (201) is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light in the wavelength range of 300 - 400 nm and converting it into visible light in the wavelength range of 380 - 700 nm or near-infrared light in the wavelength range of 700 - 1100 nm. The bifunctional nanomaterial (201) forms the inner surface coating (103) through a coating process, which improves the transmittance of the photovoltaic glass in the wavelength range of 380 - 1100 nm.

2. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, wherein, The bifunctional nanomaterial (201) is selected from one or a combination of zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, perovskite quantum dots, or Mn, Mg, Sn, Al, S doped substances of the above materials.

3. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, wherein, The doping ratio of the doping element of the bifunctional nanomaterial (201) is 0.1% - 20%.

4. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner surface coating (103) is formed by coating the bifunctional nanomaterial (201) on the inner surface of the glass substrate (102) by means of roll coating, spray coating, knife coating, or slot coating.

5. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the inner surface coating (103) is 50 - 500 nm, and it is dried at 80 - 150 °C after coating.

6. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, wherein An outer surface coating (101) is provided on the outer surface of the glass substrate (102). The outer surface coating (101) is selected from an air layer, a single-layer antireflection layer, or a multi-layer antireflection layer. The thickness of the antireflection layer is 50 - 200 nm.

7. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass substrate (102) is selected from flat glass or patterned glass.

8. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 1, wherein The glass substrate (102) is untempered glass or tempered glass, and its thickness is 1 - 10 mm.

9. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, Comprising the photovoltaic glass (300) with the dual functions of antireflection and light conversion according to claim 1, the photovoltaic glass (300) is disposed on the light incident side of the photovoltaic module.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 9, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module is selected from one or a combination of a single-crystalline PERC module, a single-crystalline TOPCON module, a single-crystalline heterojunction module, a single-crystalline BC module, a perovskite module, a CdTe module, a CuInGaSe module, an organic photovoltaic module, a quantum dot module, an amorphous silicon module, a GaAs module to form a tandem module.

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