Tea leaf fertilizer for improving stress resistance of tea trees as well as preparation method and application method of tea leaf fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to a tea leaf foliar fertilizer capable of improving stress resistance of tea trees and a preparation method and an application method of the tea leaf foliar fertilizer. According to a formula of the multifunctional tea leaf foliar fertilizer, through combination of organic components such as silicon and humic acid, the cell wall resistance of the tea trees can be effectively enhanced, and the resistance of the tea trees to drought, low temperature and diseases and pests is improved; decline of tea yield and quality caused by environmental factors is reduced, that is, stress resistance of tea trees is improved, and increase of cell wall resistance also has a certain auxiliary effect on reduction of leaf moisture transpiration. Meanwhile, the abscisic acid and the sugar are used as plant growth regulators, so that leaf stomata opening and closing can be regulated, water transpiration is reduced, the growth limitation of tea trees under the drought condition is reduced, the leaf water transpiration is reduced, and the growth ability of the tea trees under the drought environment and the tea yield are improved; the stress resistance of the tea trees can be synergistically improved while the leaf moisture transpiration is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of tea cultivation, and particularly to a tea foliar fertilizer for providing stress resistance of tea trees, a preparation method thereof, and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of tea cultivation, the growth of tea trees and the quality of tea are affected by various environmental factors, among which stress resistance and water management are key factors. Traditional tea foliar fertilizer formulations are often single and cannot comprehensively cope with various adversities faced by tea trees, such as drought, low temperature, and pests and diseases. These adversities will limit the growth of tea trees, affect the picking and quality of spring tea, and even lead to a reduction in tea production and a decline in quality.

[0003] Traditional tea foliar fertilizer formulations mainly rely on inorganic fertilizers. Although these fertilizers can provide the basic nutrient elements required for the growth of tea trees, they often ignore the need of tea trees for stress resistance. The use of inorganic fertilizers may also lead to the deterioration of soil structure, affecting the long-term health and sustainable development of tea trees. In addition, the impact of inorganic fertilizers on the environment cannot be ignored. Excessive use will cause soil and water pollution and damage the ecological balance.

[0004] In terms of water management, traditional tea foliar fertilizer formulations fail to effectively regulate the opening and closing of leaf stomata, resulting in excessive water transpiration. The growth of tea trees is limited under drought conditions, affecting tea yield and quality. At the same time, improper water management of tea trees will also lead to poor growth of tea, affecting tea yield and quality.

[0005] In summary, traditional tea foliar fertilizer formulations and water management methods have many deficiencies, cannot meet the growth needs of tea trees under adversity conditions, and cannot effectively manage the water transpiration of tea trees, resulting in a decline in tea yield and quality. Therefore, developing a new type of multifunctional tea foliar fertilizer formulation that can not only improve the stress resistance of tea trees but also reduce water transpiration is of great significance for improving tea yield and quality and promoting the sustainable development of tea plantations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tea foliar fertilizer that can improve the stress resistance of tea trees and at the same time reduce the water transpiration of tea leaves; the purpose of the present invention is also to provide a preparation method of the tea foliar fertilizer and an application method of the tea foliar fertilizer.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of a tea foliar fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of tea trees in the present invention is as follows: The tea foliar fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of tea trees is composed of raw materials in the following weight ratios, Silicon element 10% - 15%, Humic acid 15% - 20%, Trace elements: 5% - 10%, The trace elements include zinc, manganese, copper and iron. Abscisic acid: 1% - 5%, Sugar: 2% - 8%, Water: 50% - 60%.

[0008] Furthermore, Among the trace elements, zinc accounts for 10% - 22% of the weight ratio of the trace elements, manganese accounts for 15% - 30% of the weight ratio of the trace elements, copper accounts for 10% - 18% of the weight ratio of the trace elements, and iron accounts for 35% - 55% of the weight ratio of the trace elements.

[0009] Furthermore, the foliar fertilizer for tea leaves is composed of raw materials with the following weight ratios: Silicon element: 12%, Humic acid: 18%, Trace elements: 8%, The trace elements include zinc, manganese, copper and iron. Abscisic acid: 2%, Sugar: 5%, Water: 55%.

[0010] Furthermore, among the trace elements, zinc accounts for 15% of the weight ratio of the trace elements, manganese accounts for 20% of the weight ratio of the trace elements, copper accounts for 15% of the weight ratio of the trace elements, and iron accounts for 50% of the weight ratio of the trace elements.

[0011] Furthermore, The technical solution of the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer for tea leaves in the present invention is as follows: This method includes the following steps: Step 1: Dissolve potassium silicate and sodium humate in appropriate amounts of water respectively and stir evenly. When dissolving potassium silicate, the water temperature is controlled at 40 - 50°C, and when dissolving sodium humate, the water temperature is controlled at 30 - 40°C; Step 2: Dissolve the trace element compounds in water to make a trace element solution; Step 3: Add the trace element solution to the mixed solution of potassium silicate and sodium humate and stir evenly; Step 4: Under the stirring state, add abscisic acid and sugar and continue stirring for 30 - 40 minutes.

[0012] Step 5: Add the remaining water and adjust the concentration and pH value of the solution. Preferably, adjust the pH value of the solution to 6.5 - 7.5.

[0013] Step 6: Filter, fill and seal the prepared foliar fertilizer for tea leaves.

[0014] The technical solution of the application method of the tea foliar fertilizer in the present invention is as follows: Fertilization time: Select the vigorous growth period of tea trees, and apply fertilizer in spring and summer; Fertilization frequency: Apply fertilizer 3 - 4 times a year, with an interval of 20 - 30 days; Fertilization method: Use spraying to evenly spray the foliar fertilizer on both the front and back sides of the tea tree leaves. The spraying pressure is controlled at 0.2 - 0.3 MPa, and the spraying amount is 50 - 60 liters per mu; Fertilization weather: Select to apply fertilizer from 9:00 to 11:00 in the morning or from 3:00 to 5:00 in the afternoon on sunny days, Management after fertilization: Avoid rainfall scouring within 24 hours after fertilization. If there is rainfall, additional fertilizer should be applied after the rain.

[0015] Furthermore, in terms of the fertilization time, fertilize 1 - 2 weeks before the tea tree buds in spring, and fertilize 1 - 2 weeks after the tea tree is picked in summer.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The formula of the multifunctional tea foliar fertilizer in the present invention, by combining organic components such as silicon and humic acid, can effectively enhance the resistance of the tea tree cell wall, improve the resistance of the tea tree to drought, low temperature, and pests and diseases, reduce the decline in tea leaf yield and quality caused by environmental factors, that is, improve the stress resistance of the tea tree. The increase in cell wall resistance also plays a certain auxiliary role in reducing leaf water transpiration. At the same time, abscisic acid and sugar are used as plant growth regulators, which can regulate the opening and closing of leaf stomata, reduce water transpiration, reduce the growth limitation of the tea tree under drought conditions, reduce leaf water transpiration, improve the growth ability of the tea tree in a drought environment and the tea leaf yield, and at the same time can synergistically improve the stress resistance of the tea tree while reducing leaf water transpiration. Among the trace elements, the addition of zinc and manganese can enhance the antioxidant capacity of plants, thereby coping with the oxidative stress brought by drought and low temperature, and improving the cold resistance, frost resistance and drought resistance of plants.

[0017] Furthermore, the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer in the present invention improves the utilization rate and stability of organic components, reduces production costs, while ensuring the high efficiency and safety of the foliar fertilizer, and reduces the economic burden on tea farmers. At the same time, by evaluating the effects of the new tea foliar fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of tea trees through field trials and optimizing the fertilization plan, the present invention can effectively improve tea leaf yield and quality and increase the economic income of tea farmers. The application standard of the tea foliar fertilizer established in the present invention guides tea farmers to fertilize scientifically, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers, is conducive to the sustainable development of tea gardens, and protects the environment. Specific embodiments

[0018] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are given. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in this specification. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0019] It should be noted that unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0020] Example 1 of the preparation method of a tea leaf foliar fertilizer in the present invention: Step 1: Weigh 150 grams of potassium silicate and 200 grams of sodium humate, and dissolve them in 500 ml of water at 45°C and 500 ml of water at 35°C respectively, and stir evenly. Step 2: Weigh 50 grams of zinc sulfate, 30 grams of manganese sulfate, 20 grams of copper sulfate, and 30 grams of iron sulfate, and dissolve them in 200 ml of water to make a trace element solution. Step 3: Add the trace element solution to the mixed solution of potassium silicate and sodium humate, and stir evenly. Step 4: Under stirring, slowly add 5 grams of abscisic acid and 10 grams of sugar. The sugar includes 7g of chitosan and 3g of sucrose, and continue to stir for 35 minutes. Step 5: Add 2000 ml of water and adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.0. Step 6: Filter the prepared foliar fertilizer with a 200-mesh filter screen, and then fill it into a 500-ml spray bottle and seal it. Example 1 of the application method of the above tea leaf foliar fertilizer: The tea leaf foliar fertilizer prepared by using Example 1 of the above preparation method Step 1: One week before the tea tree buds in spring, fertilize at 10 am on a sunny day. Step 2: Use a knapsack sprayer, adjust the spray pressure to 0.25 MPa, and evenly spray 55 liters of foliar fertilizer per mu. Step 3: It does not rain within 24 hours after fertilization. Summer fertilization: Step 1: One week after the tea tree is picked in summer, fertilize at 4 pm on a sunny day. Step 2: Use an electric sprayer, adjust the spray pressure to 0.28 MPa, and evenly spray 58 liters of foliar fertilizer per mu. Step 3: It does not rain within 24 hours after fertilization. Fertilization effect evaluation: Within 1 month after fertilization, observe the growth status of tea plants, the color and thickness of leaves, the occurrence of pests and diseases, as well as the yield and quality of tea leaves. Compared with the unfertilized control group, the tea plants after fertilization grow vigorously, the leaves are dark green and thick, the incidence of pests and diseases is reduced. Compared with the tea leaves in the same area without spraying tea leaf surface fertilizer, the tea leaf yield is increased by 15%, and the quality is also significantly improved.

[0021] Comparative Example 1 of the preparation method of a tea leaf surface fertilizer: Step 1: Weigh 150 grams of potassium silicate and 200 grams of sodium humate, dissolve them in 500 ml of water at 45 °C and 500 ml of water at 35 °C respectively, and stir evenly; Step 2: Weigh 50 grams of zinc sulfate, 30 grams of manganese sulfate, 20 grams of copper sulfate, and 30 grams of iron sulfate, dissolve them in 200 ml of water to make a trace element solution; Step 3: Add the trace element solution to the mixed solution of potassium silicate and sodium humate, and stir evenly; Step 4: Add appropriate amount of water to adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.0; Step 5: Filter the prepared leaf surface fertilizer with a 200-mesh filter screen, and then fill it into a 500-ml spray bottle and seal it.

[0022] Comparative Example 1 of the application method of the above tea leaf surface fertilizer: Use the tea leaf surface fertilizer prepared by Comparative Example 1 of the above preparation method, Step 1: One week before the tea plants germinate in spring, fertilize at 10 am on a sunny day; Step 2: Use a knapsack sprayer to adjust the spray pressure to 0.25 MPa, and evenly spray 55 liters of leaf surface fertilizer per mu; Step 3: There is no rainfall within 24 hours after fertilization; Fertilization effect evaluation: Within 1 month after fertilization, observe the growth status of tea plants, the color and thickness of leaves, the occurrence of pests and diseases, as well as the yield and quality of tea leaves. Compared with the unfertilized control group, the growth of the tea plants after fertilization is good, the leaves are greener, the incidence of pests and diseases is reduced, the tea leaf yield is increased by 7%, and the quality is improved.

[0023] Comparative Example 2 of the preparation method of a tea leaf surface fertilizer: Step 1: Weigh 50 grams of zinc sulfate, 30 grams of manganese sulfate, 20 grams of copper sulfate, and 30 grams of iron sulfate, dissolve them in 200 ml of water to make a trace element solution; Step 2: Add the trace element solution to the mixed solution of potassium silicate and sodium humate, and stir evenly; Step 3: Add an appropriate amount of water and adjust the pH value of the solution to 7.0; Step 4: Filter the prepared foliar fertilizer for tea with a 200-mesh sieve, and then fill it into a 500-ml spray bottle and seal it.

[0024] Comparative example 2 of the application method of the above tea foliar fertilizer: The tea leaf surface fertilizer prepared by using the above preparation method for comparative example 2 Step 1: Apply fertilizer at 10 am on a sunny day 1 week before the tea tree buds in spring; Step 2: Use a knapsack sprayer to adjust the spray pressure to 0.25 MPa and evenly spray 55 liters of foliar fertilizer per mu; Step 3: There is no rainfall within 24 hours after fertilization; Fertilization effect evaluation: Within 1 month after fertilization, observe the growth status of the tea tree, the color and thickness of the leaves, the occurrence of pests and diseases, and the yield and quality of the tea leaves. Compared with the unfertilized control group, the growth of the fertilized tea tree has been slightly improved, there is no significant difference in the leaves, the leaves have become thicker, the incidence of pests and diseases has not changed much, the tea leaf yield has increased by 4%, and the quality has been improved.

[0025] If only abscisic acid and sugar are sprayed on the tea leaves according to the above application method, the test results are that there is no significant difference in the leaves, the leaves have become slightly thicker, the incidence of pests and diseases has not changed much, and the tea leaf yield has increased by 1.5%.

[0026] From the above comparison, it can be found that the simultaneous use of silicon, abscisic acid, and sugar has led to a qualitative improvement in the effect of the tea leaf foliar fertilizer. The main role of silicon is to enhance the strength and stability of the tea tree cell wall and improve the tea tree's resistance to adversity. The role of humic acid is to regulate the physiological metabolism of the tea tree and assist in improving the tea tree's stress resistance. Trace elements are also used for the growth and metabolic regulation of the tea tree, which can enhance the tea tree's stress resistance and photosynthesis efficiency. As plant growth regulators, abscisic acid and sugar can regulate the opening and closing of leaf stomata, reduce water transpiration, and improve the tea tree's resistance to drought and low temperature. Facts have proved that after the regulation of the opening and closing of multiple leaf stomata, abscisic acid and sugar can synergistically act with silicon to improve the tea tree's stress resistance by reducing the transpiration of tea leaf water and improve the quality and yield of the tea tree. Chitosan induces plant immune responses, promotes stomatal closure to prevent pathogen invasion, and reduces water transpiration on the plant leaf surface by activating the MAPK signaling pathway or producing reactive oxygen species (ROS); sucrose can indirectly affect stomatal movement by regulating abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis or signal transduction. Generally speaking, sugars can affect stomatal aperture by changing the osmotic pressure of guard cells. High-concentration sugars may increase the solute concentration inside cells, causing guard cells to absorb water and expand, making the leaves more plump and resulting in stomatal opening. However, under water stress, sugar accumulation synergistically acts with abscisic acid (ABA) to induce stomatal closure to reduce transpiration and improve the plant's drought resistance.

[0027] Example 1 of the tea leaf foliar fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of tea trees in the present invention is as follows: The tea leaf foliar fertilizer is composed of raw materials with the following weight ratios: Silicon 12%, Humic acid 18%, Trace elements 8%, The trace elements include zinc, manganese, copper, and iron. Abscisic acid 2%, Sugar 5%, Water 55% Among the trace elements, the weight ratio of zinc in the trace elements is 15%, the weight ratio of manganese is 20%, the weight ratio of copper is 15%, and the weight ratio of iron is 50%.

[0028] Example 2 of the tea leaf foliar fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of tea trees in the present invention is as follows: Silicon 10%, Humic acid 13%, Trace elements 7%, The trace elements include zinc, manganese, copper, and iron. Abscisic acid 5%, Sugar 5%, Water 40% Among trace elements, zinc accounts for 20% of the weight ratio of trace elements, manganese accounts for 20% of the weight ratio of trace elements, copper accounts for 17% of the weight ratio of trace elements, and iron accounts for 43% of the weight ratio of trace elements.

[0029] Among sugars, chitosan accounts for 50 of the sugar longitudinal beam, and sucrose accounts for 50% of the total sugar weight.

[0030] Example 3 of a tea leaf foliar fertilizer for improving the stress resistance of tea trees in the present invention is as follows: Silicon element 15%, Humic acid 18%, Trace elements 8%, Trace elements include zinc, manganese, copper and iron, Abscisic acid 5%, Sugar 3%, Water 51% Among trace elements, zinc accounts for 10% of the weight ratio of trace elements, manganese accounts for 25% of the weight ratio of trace elements, copper accounts for 12% of the weight ratio of trace elements, and iron accounts for 53% of the weight ratio of trace elements.

[0031] Among sugars, chitosan accounts for 60% of the total sugar weight, and sucrose accounts for 40% of the total sugar weight.

[0032] Through application experiments, the components of the three examples of the tea leaf foliar fertilizer have achieved significant effects on the growth of tea leaves compared with the tea leaf foliar fertilizer lacking abscisic acid and sugar in the formula, and compared with the tea leaf foliar fertilizer lacking precious elements or humic acid in the formula.

[0033] In the above description of this specification, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "fixed", "installed", "connected" or "joined" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, for the term "connected", it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components. Therefore, unless otherwise clearly limited in this specification, those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to specific circumstances.

[0034] Based on the above description in this specification, those skilled in the art can also understand the terms used as follows, such as "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "length", "width", "thickness", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "clockwise" or "counterclockwise", etc. The terms indicating orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in this specification. It is only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the solution of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than explicitly or implicitly indicating that the device or component involved must have the specific orientation, be constructed and operated in the specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms of orientation or positional relationship cannot be understood or interpreted as a limitation to the solution of the present invention.

[0035] In addition, the terms "first" or "second" and other terms used to refer to numbers or ordinals in this specification are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as explicitly or implicitly indicating relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of this specification, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three or more, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. Tea foliar fertilizer for improving stress resistance of tea plants, characterized in that: It is composed of raw materials with the following weight ratios, silicon element 10% - 15%, humic acid 15% - 20%, trace elements 5% - 10%, the trace elements include zinc, manganese, copper and iron, abscisic acid 1% - 5%, sugar 2% - 8%, water 50% - 60%.

2. The tea leaf foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Among them, the weight ratio of zinc in the trace elements is 10% - 22%, the weight ratio of manganese in the trace elements is 15% - 30%, the weight ratio of copper in the trace elements is 10% - 18%, and the weight ratio of iron in the trace elements is 35% - 55%.

3. The tea leaf foliar fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It is composed of raw materials with the following weight ratios, silicon element 12%, humic acid 18%, trace elements 8%, the trace elements include zinc, manganese, copper and iron, abscisic acid 2%, sugar 5%, water 55%.

4. The tea leaf foliar fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: Among the trace elements, the weight ratio of zinc in the trace elements is 15%, the weight ratio of manganese in the trace elements is 20%, the weight ratio of copper in the trace elements is 15%, and the weight ratio of iron in the trace elements is 50%.

5. The foliar fertilizer for tea leaves according to claim 1, wherein: The sugar includes chitosan oligosaccharide and sucrose, the weight ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide in the sugar is 50 - 70%, and the weight ratio of sucrose in the sugar is 30 - 50%.

6. A preparation method of the tea leaf foliar fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 - 5, characterized in that: This method includes the following steps: Step 1: Dissolve potassium silicate and sodium humate in appropriate amounts of water respectively and stir evenly. When dissolving potassium silicate, the water temperature is controlled at 40 - 50°C, and when dissolving sodium humate, the water temperature is controlled at 30 - 40°C; Step 2: Dissolve the trace element compound in water to make a trace element solution; Step 3: Add the trace element solution to the mixed solution of potassium silicate and sodium humate and stir evenly; Step 4: Under the stirring state, add abscisic acid and sugar and continue to stir for 30 - 40 minutes; Step 5: Add the remaining water and adjust the concentration and pH value of the solution. Preferably, adjust the pH value of the solution to 6.5 - 7.5; Step 6: Filter, fill and seal the prepared tea leaf foliar fertilizer.

7. An application method of the tea leaf foliar fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 - 5, characterized in that: Fertilization time: Select to fertilize during the vigorous growth period of the tea tree, in spring and summer; Fertilization frequency: Fertilize 3 - 4 times a year, with an interval of 20 - 30 days; Fertilization method: Adopt the spraying method to evenly spray the foliar fertilizer on both the front and back sides of the tea tree leaves. The spraying pressure is controlled at 0.2 - 0.3 MPa, and the spraying amount is 50 - 60 liters per mu; Fertilization weather: Select to fertilize at 9 - 11 am or 3 - 5 pm on sunny days, Management after fertilization: Avoid rainfall scouring within 24 hours after fertilization. If there is rainfall, additional fertilization should be carried out after the rain.

8. According to the application method of claim 6, characterized in that: Regarding the fertilization time, fertilize 1 - 2 weeks before the tea tree buds in spring and 1 - 2 weeks after the tea tree is picked in summer.