Design method for brick arrangement of non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining of steelmaking converter

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining design method of steel converter, belong to the technical field of steel converter refractory lining.Its steps are: first by offset rotary shaft, construct standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining, and carry out brick design, obtain standard arc starting brick brick size and each layer brick number;Then non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining is regarded as the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining by rotary shaft reverse offset to realize synchronous diameter increase, based on the principle of zero slightly increased diameter, design the diameter increasing brick brick size and the number required in each layer;Finally, each layer non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining is then by the corresponding number of standard arc starting brick and diameter increasing brick in this layer and is built into a brick.The method calculation process is simple and reasonable, the result is accurate and reliable, and the brick designed by the method does not need any additional cutting, polishing and other modification treatment in the process of masonry, which greatly improves the construction efficiency and reduces the operation difficulty.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of refractory lining design of steelmaking converter, and particularly relates to a design method of non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory brick for advanced steel material smelting converter. BACKGROUND

[0002] As shown in the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 In the traditional converter lining structure design, the "upright brick" is usually used to connect the bottom brick and the pool brick, and the lining surface is returned to the flat state through the "V-shaped wedge angle" of the upright brick. Due to the structural design defects, the "upright brick" lining is prone to serious thermal stress concentration when smelting high-quality clean steel, high-end alloy steel and other advanced steel materials. In order to optimize the thermal structure coupling stress distribution of different parts, innovate the converter lining structure, solve the problem of serious deterioration of the furnace condition such as "bottom corner pit", "annular pit" and other serious problems which seriously restrict the overall life caused by the evolution of "scale type" spalling of the traditional lining, and conform to the current green, clean and efficient steelmaking technology development trend, many design engineers have put forward various targeted optimization design schemes for the converter lining, and have carried out comprehensive promotion and application: such as CN113564298A discloses a stress release type steelmaking converter smelting zone refractory lining and its building method, which proposes an innovative method of filling the double corner area with a circular arc lining and setting a stress absorption buffer layer in the middle layer; and CN219314982U discloses a flat bottom converter lining structure, which is designed as a plurality of molten pool rings from bottom to top between the bottom part and the shaft part, and the molten pool rings are combined to form a circular arc transition; CN106636538A discloses a building method for the converter bottom and the pool part, which innovatively designs a transition brick type with the top surface and the bottom surface being parallel to each other and being isosceles trapezoidal, and the top surface area being smaller than the bottom surface area, and through the surface connection mode of the transition brick, the area from the bottom ring brick to the first layer of pool brick is constructed into an arc-shaped lining transition layer by layer, so as to solve the stress concentration problem and improve the overall erosion resistance of the lining.

[0003] As shown in the accompanying drawings, Figure 2 Because the arc-shaped lining is used to connect the bottom brick and the pool brick, and the lining surface is always returned to the flat state in the "surface-surface connection" mode, the above optimization schemes have alleviated the thermal stress concentration phenomenon existing in the traditional "upright brick" structure to different degrees. As known, the above arc-shaped lining is constructed by rotating and building the multi-thin brick with the longitudinal section being a large-thin isosceles trapezoid and the horizontal section being an isosceles trapezoid layer by layer around the center line of the furnace, which is a non-standard symmetrical rotary body. As shown in the accompanying drawings, Figure 3 In each layer of arc-shaped lining, the lining designer usually uses the single / double brick type lining strategy to approximate the circular circumference of the inner and outer end surfaces as the thickness of the brick type based on the geometric characteristics, and solves the brick type design through the following two groups of equations.

[0004]

[0005] In the above equation set, K1 and K2 are the number of blocks of brick type 1 and brick type 2, respectively; R 内大 , R 内小 , R 外大 , R 外小 are the radius values of the inner and outer end face size circles of the arc-shaped masonry calculation brick layer, respectively; H 内小1 , H 内大1 , H 外小1 , H 外大1 are the inner and outer end face size head thickness values of brick type 1, respectively; H 内小2 , H 内大2 , H 外小2 , H 外大2 are the inner and outer end face size head thickness values of brick type 2, respectively.

[0006] As shown by the geometric relationship in the accompanying drawings, in a standard rotary arc-shaped masonry, whether it is a single / double brick type layer, the inner and outer end face of each layer of masonry corresponds to each rotary radius value, which has the following proportional relationship: Figure 4

[0007] In the traditional brick design method, a plurality of single brick type layers are usually set, and the thickness values corresponding to each of the brick types can be calculated by the inner and outer end circle radius values of the single brick type layer and according to the following formula, and the masonry layer between the adjacent two single brick type layers is a double brick type masonry layer, and the masonry brick type is the two adjacent single brick type layers:

[0008]

[0009] In the formula, H i is the thickness value of a single brick ring brick type at a certain point, R i is the masonry circle radius corresponding to the thickness of the point, and K is the number of single brick type ring bricks.

[0010] As can be seen from formula 1 and formula 2, the thickness values corresponding to all brick types in the standard rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry also have the following proportional relationship:

[0011]

[0012] As can be seen, in each layer of the standard rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry, the inner and outer end face of the masonry brick type corresponds to the thickness value and the corresponding rotary radius value, which are in a proportional relationship, and the ratio is

[0013] Therefore, when calculating the brick type block number K1 and K2 of the standard symmetric rotary masonry by using the above method of solving the equation set, because equation set 1 is essentially multiplying equation set 2 by ​The obtained, so the two groups of equations with the same solution, only need to solve one group can.

[0014] However, as shown in the attached Figure 4 The arc-shaped masonry rotation axis in the above optimization scheme does not pass through the center O of the circular arc, but is offset to the right by L 偏移 The thickness value of the single brick type layer designed in this type of masonry can also be calculated by method 2, and the thickness value satisfies the following proportional relationship:

[0015]

[0016] Obviously, as long as L 偏移 ≠0, the following inequality is always true:

[0017]

[0018] It can be seen that in each layer of non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry, the corresponding thickness values of the inner and outer end faces of the masonry brick and the corresponding rotary radius values do not exist in a proportional relationship. If the above two groups of equations for the inner and outer end faces are solved together, the equations 1 and 2 have different solutions. That is, the K1 and K2 values solved by equation 1 cannot satisfy equation 2, and the K1 and K2 values solved by equation 2 cannot satisfy equation 1, but to ensure that the calculated brick quantity meets the masonry construction requirements, designers usually use the maximum value of the two solutions as the final number of bricks required. It is also because of the different solutions of the inner and outer end faces of the non-standard symmetrical rotary body that the inner and outer end faces of the masonry brick are not synchronized in the process of rounding, which inevitably leads to phenomena such as "excessive natural joints", "raised edges and joints", and "sawtooth roughening of the masonry surface". The furnace builder needs to cut bricks on site, accurately polish them, and other processes, greatly increasing the masonry workload and construction difficulty, and ultimately affecting the operation schedule.

[0019] As we all know, the above-mentioned non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry is not only expected to be widely used in the optimization design of the lining structure of the converter, but also has good application prospects in the lining of steel ladles, iron ladles and other fields. However, it is also because of the problems in the current commonly adopted brick design method that hinder the further popularization and application process of the above-mentioned arc-shaped masonry. Therefore, it is urgent to invent a new non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick design method. SUMMARY

[0020] In view of the above problems, the essence of the present application is to provide a new brick design method for a non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining of a steelmaking converter, which discards the complicated calculation of solving a plurality of equation groups, and the calculation process is simple and reasonable, and the result is accurate and reliable. The brick obtained by calculation does not need any modification treatment such as cutting and polishing during the lining process, which greatly improves the construction efficiency and reduces the operation difficulty.

[0021] To solve the above problems, the specific technical scheme of the present application is as follows: a brick design method for a non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining of a steelmaking converter, comprising the following steps:

[0022] Step 1. In the longitudinal section view of the converter smelting zone, a vertical line parallel to the furnace center line l is drawn through the center O of the arc-shaped lining arc, which is used as the rotation axis l0 of the standard symmetrical rotary body; taking the vertical line l0 as the axis and the longitudinal sector ring section of the arc-shaped lining as the base element, the three-dimensional entity obtained by continuously rotating 360° is called a standard symmetrical rotary body, that is, the brick unit of the arc-shaped lining is lined around the l0 axis for one revolution to construct a standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining.

[0023] Step 2. Equivalent transformation: based on the zero slightly increased diameter principle and the geometric characteristics of the lining construction, the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining required for brick design is equivalent to the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining and the increased diameter lining constructed in step 1, and the brick design work is also divided into two parts: the brick design of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining and the brick design of the increased diameter lining.

[0024] Step 3. The standard symmetrical rotary body is designed for brick design, and the brick size and corresponding number of each layer of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining are obtained.

[0025] Step 4. According to the size of the increased diameter value and based on the zero slightly increased diameter principle, the brick size and the number of each layer required for the increased diameter lining are designed.

[0026] Step 5. Each layer of the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining is composed of the corresponding number of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining bricks and increased diameter lining bricks, and the final brick combination method of the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining is obtained.

[0027] The standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining brick in step 3 is called a standard arc-starting brick; the standard arc-starting brick is essentially a wedge-shaped brick with two end faces and both transverse sections in the form of isosceles trapezoids; a double-brick type lining strategy is adopted, and only two brick types, sharp standard arc-starting bricks and blunt standard arc-starting bricks, are designed for the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining, and a standard slight degree selection method is used to design the thickness of the two brick types.

[0028] The design method of the standard arc-starting brick in step 3 is as follows:

[0029] Step 3.1: Standard arc-starting brick brick size design: Since the sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks are the same layer masonry matching brick units, in order to keep each layer of masonry stable and smooth, in addition to the thickness size, the brick length L, the inner end face width A and the outer end face width B of the sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks are the same respectively;

[0030] Step 3.1.1: Determination of the standard arc-starting brick length L: The standard arc-starting brick length is essentially the thickness of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining, which can be determined according to the converter volume ratio, the molten pool erosion characteristics, the comprehensive service life of the converter and other factors. In order to ensure that the high-temperature molten steel in the smelting area has an open space for sufficient rolling and to minimize its mechanical scouring effect on the lining, as an optimal solution, the standard arc-starting brick length L should be not greater than the length of the bottom brick, and the minimum should not be less than 100 mm of the length of the bottom brick, with the unit being mm and the value being usually an integer;

[0031] Step 3.1.2: Design of the inner end face width A and the outer end face width B of the standard arc-starting brick: First, in the longitudinal design drawing of the converter smelting area lining, the inner arc radius r 内弧 and the central angle θ S of the arc-shaped lining sector ring cross-section are accurately measured in the longitudinal cross-sectional drawing, where r 内弧 is accurate to 0.01 mm, and θ S is accurate to 0.1 °; In order to ensure the convenience of production and construction of the standard arc-starting brick and the controllability of errors, the measured values and the standard arc-starting brick length L are substituted into formula 9 to calculate the optimal value range of the number of layers P of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining, and an integer value is selected from the range to assign P; Then, the P value and r 内弧 , L, θ S are substituted into formulas 7 and 8 to calculate the specific values of the standard arc-starting brick widths A and B, and the calculation result is accurate to 0.1 mm;

[0032]

[0033] Step 3.1.3: Standard arc-starting brick thickness size design: According to the equal proportion characteristics of the standard symmetrical rotary body, the thicknesses of the inner and outer two end faces of the standard arc-starting brick also have the following equal proportion relationship:

[0034]

[0035] In the formula, H 内大 is the thick end thickness of the inner end face of the standard arc-starting brick, H 内小 is the thin end thickness of the inner end face of the standard arc-starting brick, H 外大 is the thick end thickness of the outer end face of the standard arc-starting brick, and H 外小The thickness of the small end of the outer end face of the standard arc starting brick is r 内弧 is the inner arc radius of the arc masonry, and L is the length of the standard arc-starting brick;

[0036] From the above formula, we can see that as long as the H of the outer end face 外大 、H 外小 Determine the thickness value J corresponding to the inner end face 内大 、H 内小 It can be directly calculated by this formula; In addition, in order to ensure the density, fracture resistance and construction convenience of the brick, this application believes that H 外大 ≤130mm and H 内小 ≥30mm is appropriate; adopt the equal large end size strategy, that is, the large end thickness value H of the sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks 外大锐 =H 外大钝 , and pre-assign a value to it from 130mm, 125mm, 120mm according to their actual situation;

[0037] Step 3.1.3.1: Accurately measure the radius of gyration of the outer end faces of the first and last layers of standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry: Each layer of standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry has two end faces, inner and outer, and the top view of each end face is circular; according to the proportional characteristics of the gyration radius of the inner and outer end faces of standard symmetrical rotary curved masonry, only the large and small circle radii of the outer end faces of the first and last layers of standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry need to be measured in the longitudinal cross-section to obtain the large circle radius R of the outer end of the first layer. 标外大首 , the radius of the small circle at the outer end of the first floor R 标外小首 , the radius of the large circle at the outer end of the last layer R 标外大末 , the radius of the small circle at the outer end of the last layer R 标外小末 , the unit is mm, the value is accurate to 0.01;

[0038] Step 3.1.3.2: Selection of the thickness of the outer end face of the standard arc-starting brick ΔH: Follow the basic principle of thickness selection and change the R of the first and last layers of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry obtained in step 3.1.3.1 to 标外大首 、R 标外小首 、R 标外大末 、R 标外小末 And the thickness H of the outer end face of the sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks selected in advance 外大锐 、H 外大钝 Substituting them into formula 13 and formula 14 together, we can calculate the basic conditions that the outer end thickness of sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks should meet. Then, we can select the value of the thickness closest to the basic conditions from the list shown in Table 1 to obtain the outer end thickness of sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks ΔH. 锐 , ΔH 钝 ;

[0039]

[0040] Table 1 Standard arc-starting brick outer end face large head thickness, standard slightness selection suggestion list

[0041]

[0042] Step 3.1.3.3: Standard arc-starting brick thickness size design; the foregoing steps have completed the outer end face large head thickness design and its slightness selection, then the outer end face small head thickness value can be directly obtained from Table 1, or can be calculated by subtracting the slightness from the large head thickness:

[0043] H 外小锐 = H 外大锐 - ΔH 锐 (Formula 15)

[0044] H 外小钝 = H 外大钝 - ΔH 钝 (Formula 16)

[0045] According to the equal proportion characteristics of the inner and outer end faces of the standard arc-starting brick, the brick length L, the measured arc-shaped masonry inner arc surface radius r 内弧 and the outer end face large head thickness size are substituted into Formulas 17-20 respectively to calculate the inner end face large and small head thickness values of the acute and obtuse type standard arc-starting bricks:

[0046]

[0047] Step 3.2: Draw the standard arc-starting brick brick type diagram: according to the brick length L, the width size A, B, the thickness size H 外大锐 , H 外小锐 , H 内大锐 , H 内小锐 , H 外大钝 , H 外小钝 , H 内大钝 , H 内小钝 , the brick type diagrams of the acute and obtuse type standard arc-starting bricks are accurately drawn respectively to provide accurate production for the refractory brick manufacturers;

[0048] Step 3.3: Standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick calculation and preparation of its brick arrangement table;

[0049] Step 3.3.1: Brick calculation of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry;

[0050] Step 3.3.1.1: Accurate measurement of the outer end face large and small circle rotary radii of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry: in the longitudinal section view, according to the layer sequence i, the outer end large and small circle radii R 标外大i , R 标外小iPrecise measurement, measurement result accurate to 0.01, unit: mm;

[0051] Step 3.3.1.2: Calculation of the number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks required by each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry: replace the values of H 外大锐 , H 外大钝 , H 外小锐 , H 外小钝 , the outer end face size circle rotary radius R 标外小i , R 标外大i of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry measured in step 3.3.1.1 into formula 21 and formula 22 respectively, and the number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks K 锐i , K 钝i required by the i-th layer of masonry can be calculated;

[0052]

[0053] Step 3.3.2: Preparation of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick arrangement table: the number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks K 锐i , K 钝i required by each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry calculated in step 3.3.1 is arranged in the brick arrangement table in order of layer sequence i for quick reference by masonry construction personnel.

[0054] The method of step 4: the basic brick unit of the diameter-increasing masonry is the diameter-increasing brick, which only needs one brick type; the same as step 3, the brick arrangement design of the diameter-increasing masonry also contains two parts of diameter-increasing brick type size design and calculation of the number of diameter-increasing bricks required by each layer of diameter-increasing masonry;

[0055] Step 4.1: Diameter-increasing brick type size design;

[0056] Step 4.1.1: Design of diameter-increasing brick length L and inner end face width A and outer end face width B: as the basic structural unit for realizing synchronous diameter-increasing of the inner and outer end faces of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry, the diameter-increasing brick length L, inner end face width A and outer end face width B are usually designed to be consistent with the brick length and width of the standard arc-starting brick designed in steps 3.1.1 and 3.1.2;

[0057] Step 4.1.2: Design of diameter-increasing brick thickness H Z and calculation of the number of bricks K Z in each layer;

[0058] Step 4.1.2.1: Calculate the circumference synchronous increase value ΔC of each layer of arc-shaped masonry: In the longitudinal section view of the converter smelting zone, the offset distance L between the rotation axis l0 and the hearth center line l in the equivalent transformation process described in step 2 is accurately measured 偏移 This offset distance is the radius increase value ΔR generated in the synchronous diameter increasing process, and thus the circumference synchronous increase value ΔC of each layer of arc-shaped masonry is calculated as ΔC = 2π·L 偏移 The calculation result is accurate to 0.01;

[0059] Step 4.1.2.2: Diameter increasing brick thickness H Z Design: The thickness values of the inner and outer end faces of the diameter increasing brick are both H Z , and the thickness is slightly 0. Considering the density, fracture resistance and construction convenience of the brick, it is more reasonable that 70mm ≤ H Z ≤ 130mm. To realize the standardization of the brick type and maximize the universal level, the thickness H is preferably assigned a value of 75mm, 100mm or 125mm.

[0060] Step 4.1.2.3: Calculation of the diameter increasing brick number K Z for each layer of masonry: Since the circumference synchronous increase value ΔC of each layer of masonry is essentially the total thickness of the diameter increasing brick after stacking, the diameter increasing brick thickness Hz and the circumference synchronous increase value ΔC of each layer of arc-shaped masonry are substituted into formula 23 to calculate the diameter increasing brick number K Z for each layer: Z The final calculation value is rounded to an integer value by the rounding method:

[0061]

[0062] Step 4.2: Accurately draw the diameter increasing brick type diagram: According to the brick length L, the width dimensions A and B, and the thickness dimension H Z designed, the diameter increasing brick type diagram is accurately drawn for the accurate production of the refractory brick manufacturer.

[0063] The zero-thin diameter increasing principle of steps 2 and 4 refers to: under the condition of uniform mixed masonry of zero-thin bricks, the circumference of the masonry brick ring composed of wedge-shaped bricks can be effectively lengthened ΔC and the radius can be increased ΔR, and the increase value increases with the increase of the number of zero-thin bricks and the increase of the width, i.e. ΔC = 2π·ΔR = K Z ·W Z , K Z is the diameter increasing brick number, and W Z is the diameter increasing brick width; and the wedge-shaped brick is the fundamental reason for maintaining the circularity of the masonry, so the number of wedge-shaped bricks required for the whole ring always remains unchanged, i.e. always 2π / θ, θ is the wedge-shaped brick included angle.

[0064] The geometric characteristics of the masonry construction in step 2 refer to: for each layer of non-standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry, it can be regarded as a synchronous diameter-increasing transformation of zero-slight bricks with the same number and width on the circular rings of the inner and outer end faces based on the corresponding standard symmetrical rotary body.

[0065] The above technical solution adopted in this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0066] 1. The non-standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry is cleverly regarded as a standard rotary curved masonry obtained by synchronously increasing the diameter through the rotary axis offset. The proportional characteristics of the standard rotary body are fully utilized. When calculating the brick matching, the two sets of equations for the inner and outer end faces of the rotary masonry are solved in the same way, eliminating the complicated calculation of solving multiple sets of equations in succession. This completely solves the inevitable natural seam problem brought about by traditional design methods, improves the safety performance and service life of the furnace lining, reduces the consumption of refractory steel per ton, and significantly reduces the carbon emissions during the daily maintenance of the converter. At the same time, during the masonry process, no additional modification such as brick cutting and grinding is required, which not only reduces energy consumption and dust pollution during construction, but also greatly improves construction efficiency and reduces the difficulty of operation.

[0067] 2. Since this application adopts a synchronous diameter increase strategy, during the transformation from a standard rotating body to a non-standard rotating body, the increase in the radius values ​​corresponding to each ring of masonry is consistent, so that the diameter-increasing brick type and the required number of blocks for each ring are the same, which reduces the difficulty of design calculation, brick type production, and construction brick matching. In addition, the diameter-increasing brick type is a standard straight brick with a high degree of versatility, which can greatly reduce the mold cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] Attachment Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the "turnover brick" type leveling structure in the traditional converter smelting area.

[0069] Attachment Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the curved masonry leveling structure of the converter lining.

[0070] Attachment Figure 3 This is a diagram of the traditional brick design method for curved masonry.

[0071] Attachment Figure 4 This is an illustration of a standard symmetrical rotation body and a non-standard symmetrical rotation body.

[0072] Attachment Figure 5 This is the principle diagram of zero slight diameter increase.

[0073] Attachment Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the synchronous diameter increase effect of single-layer rotary curved masonry.

[0074] Attachment Figure 7 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the converter smelting zone described in Example 1.

[0075] AttachmentFigure 8 This is the standard arc starting brick pattern diagram described in Example 1.

[0076] Attachment Figure 9 This is the brick shape diagram of the increased diameter brick described in Example 1.

[0077] Attachment Figure 10 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the converter smelting zone described in Example 2.

[0078] Attachment Figure 11 This is the standard arc starting brick pattern diagram described in Example 2.

[0079] Attachment Figure 12 This is the brick shape diagram of the increased diameter brick described in Example 2.

[0080] In the figure, 1. Melting pool bricks; 2. Permanent layer; 3. Masonry surface; 4. Furnace bottom bricks; 5. Turning bricks; 6. Curved masonry; 7. Inner curved surface; 8. Outer curved surface; 11. Model bricks; 12. Zero-point bricks; 13. Standard arc-starting bricks; 14. Increased diameter bricks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present application provides a method for designing bricks for non-standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry for a steelmaking converter, and the specific implementation steps include:

[0082] Step 1: Construction of standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry.

[0083] Step 1.1: Accurately draw the axis of rotation l0 of the standard symmetrical rotation body. Figure 4 As shown, in the longitudinal cross-section of the converter melting zone, first find the center O of the inner and outer arcs of the arc-shaped masonry, and draw a vertical line through the center O parallel to the center line l of the furnace, which is used as the rotation axis l0 of the standard symmetrical rotating body.

[0084] Step 1.2: Construction of standard symmetrical rotational curved refractory masonry. Using the vertical line l0 drawn in step 1.1 as the axis of symmetry and the longitudinal sector ring section of the curved masonry as the primitive, the three-dimensional solid obtained by continuous rotation 360° is called a standard symmetrical rotational solid. This means that the standard symmetrical rotational curved refractory masonry can be constructed by laying the brick units of the curved masonry around the axis l0.

[0085] Furthermore, in the standard symmetrical rotational arc-shaped refractory masonry, the rotation radii corresponding to the inner and outer end circular surfaces of each layer have an equiproportional relationship as described in Formula 1.

[0086] Step 2: Equivalent transformation of non-standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry.

[0087] As attached Figure 4 As shown, and based on the attached Figure 5 , Attachment Figure 6The zero slightly increasing diameter principle and the geometric characteristics of the masonry structure shown in the figure will transform the non-standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry required for the brick design into two parts of the standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry and the increasing diameter masonry constructed in step 1, and the brick design work is also divided into two parts of the standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick design and the increasing diameter masonry brick design.

[0088] The essential reason for the equivalence transformation is that, as shown in the figure, when the rotary axis l0 of the standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry constructed in step 1 is gradually offset to the right to the center line l of the hearth, the rotary radii of each corresponding point of the three-dimensional rotary body are simultaneously increased in diameter, and the increasing diameter values ΔR are all equal to the offset distance L of the rotary axis, and at this time the three-dimensional rotary body obtained is the non-standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry required for the brick design. 偏移 Figure 4 Z Z Z Z The zero slightly increasing diameter principle is that under the condition of uniform mixing masonry of zero slightly bricks (the width difference between the front and rear ends is zero), the circumference ΔC and the radius ΔR of the masonry brick ring composed of wedge-shaped bricks can be effectively increased, and ΔC and ΔR increase with the increase of the number and width of the zero slightly bricks, that is, they satisfy the quantity relationship ΔC = 2π·ΔR = K

[0089] As shown in the figure, the zero slightly increasing diameter principle means that under the condition of uniform mixing masonry of zero slightly bricks (the width difference between the front and rear ends is zero), the circumference ΔC and the radius ΔR of the masonry brick ring composed of wedge-shaped bricks can be effectively increased, and ΔC and ΔR increase with the increase of the number and width of the zero slightly bricks, that is, they satisfy the quantity relationship ΔC = 2π·ΔR = K Z Z Z Z The wedge-shaped brick is the fundamental reason for the circular ring of the masonry, so the number of wedge-shaped bricks required for the whole ring always remains unchanged, that is, it is always 2π / θ, θ is the wedge-shaped brick included angle. At the same time, it can be known from the figure that for each layer of non-standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry, it can be regarded as a synchronous increasing diameter transformation of the same number and width of zero slightly bricks on the circular rings of the inner and outer end faces on the basis of the corresponding standard symmetric rotary body. That is, observing the inner and outer end faces alone, the increasing diameter effect is consistent with the planar effect shown in the figure, at this time, the standard arc-shaped brick thickness size for constructing the standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry corresponds to the width of the wedge-shaped brick shown in the figure, has a size difference (slight degree), and the end face is trapezoidal in size, and the thickness of the increasing diameter brick corresponds to the width of the straight brick (zero slightly brick) shown in the figure, and the end face is zero slightly rectangular in appearance. Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 5 Figure 5 Figure 5

[0090] Step 3: Brick design of standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry.

[0091] ​​​​​According to the common knowledge in the art, the brick design of refractory lining generally includes two parts: the design of brick unit (brick type) size and the calculation of brick number of each layer. For the convenience of description and understanding of the person skilled in the art, the brick unit of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining is referred to as the standard arc-starting brick. Unlike the conventional brick design method (adopting the rotary radius corresponding to the single brick ring and calculating the thickness size of the brick unit according to formula 2), the present application adopts the standard slightly selected method for design, that is, instead of directly calculating the geometric size of the lining, the optimal slightness is first selected from the standard slightness list, and then the thickness of each point of the standard arc-starting brick is designed and calculated according to the slightness value. It can be seen that this method can greatly improve the generalization level of the brick type. In addition, the present application only designs two brick types for the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining, namely the acute standard arc-starting brick (code "BHR") and the blunt standard arc-starting brick (code "BHD"), and the double brick type is used for the lining of each layer.

[0092] Since the shape of the standard arc-starting brick is similar to the brick unit of the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining designed by the conventional brick design method, for the convenience of description, the shape and size labeling method of the acute and blunt standard arc-starting bricks described in the present application are referred to as "brick type 1" and "brick type 2" in FIG. 1. Figure 3

[0093] Step 3.1: Design of the size of the standard arc-starting brick. Since the acute and blunt standard arc-starting bricks are the lining brick units of the same layer, in order to maintain the stable and smooth appearance of each layer of lining, the length L and the width A, B of the acute and blunt standard arc-starting bricks are the same, except for the thickness size.

[0094] Step 3.1.1: Determination of the length L of the standard arc-starting brick. The length L of the standard arc-starting brick is essentially the thickness of the lining of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining, which can be determined according to the converter volume ratio, the molten pool erosion characteristics, the comprehensive service life of the converter and other factors. In order to ensure that the high-temperature molten steel in the smelting zone has an open space for sufficient rolling and to minimize the mechanical scouring effect of the molten steel on the lining, as an optimal solution, the length L of the standard arc-starting brick should be not greater than the length of the bottom brick, and the minimum should be not less than 100 mm of the length of the bottom brick, which is usually an integer.

[0095] Step 3.1.2: Design of the inner end face width A and the outer end face width B of the standard arc-starting brick. First, in the longitudinal design drawing of the converter smelting zone lining, the inner arc radius r 内弧 and the central angle θ S of the sector-shaped cross section of the arc-shaped lining are accurately measured, where r 内弧 is accurate to 0.01 mm, and θ s ​to 0.1, unit °, and the standard arc brick length L determined in step 3.1.1 is substituted into formula 9 to calculate the optimal value range of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining layer P, and the designer can select an integer value for P from the range according to the actual situation. Then, the P value and r 内弧 , L, θ s are substituted into formula 7 and formula 8 to inversely calculate the specific values of the arc brick width A and B, and the calculation result is accurate to 0.1, unit mm.

[0096] Further, from the attached Figure 4 , it can be seen that the width dimensions A and B of the standard arc brick are essentially the layer spacing dimensions of the standard rotary arc-shaped lining layer, and according to the geometric characteristics of the arc-shaped lining layer stacking, the calculation formula of the layer spacing A and B is summarized as follows:

[0097]

[0098] In the formula: r 内弧 is the inner arc surface radius of the arc-shaped lining in the longitudinal section view; L is the standard arc brick length, that is, the arc-shaped lining thickness; θ S is the central angle of the arc-shaped lining sector-shaped section; and P is the number of arc-shaped lining layers.

[0099] In the above calculation formula, for a specified converter design, the shell size is determined, and under the condition that the bottom brick layer design has been determined, based on the principle that the outer arc surface of the arc-shaped lining is always tangent to the corresponding permanent layer at the start and end points, r 内弧 , θ S , and L are exact values, and at this time, A and B are only related to the number of arc-shaped lining layers P. In order to ensure the convenience of standard arc brick production, construction, and error control, etc., the A and B values should satisfy A≥70mm and B≤250mm, and by substituting this inequality into formula 7 and formula 8, the optimal value range of P can be obtained as:

[0100]

[0101] Step 3.1.3: Design of the thickness dimension of the standard arc brick. From the attached Figure 3 and the attached Figure 4 , it can be seen that from the appearance of the lining and its orientation relationship in the converter, the standard arc brick is essentially a wedge-shaped brick with multiple groups of slight degrees, which has two inner and outer end faces in isosceles trapezoidal shape. The two thickness values of the inner end face are H 内大 and H 内小 , and the two thickness values of the outer end face are H 外大 and H 外小 . According to the equal proportion characteristics of the standard symmetrical rotary body described above, the thicknesses of the inner and outer end faces of the standard arc brick also have the following equal proportion relationship:

[0102]

[0103] From the above formula, we can see that as long as the H of the outer end face 外大 、H 外小 Determine the thickness value H corresponding to the inner end face 内大 、H 内小 It can be directly calculated by this formula. In addition, it can be inferred from this formula that among the four thickness values ​​of standard arc starting bricks, H 内小 Minimum, H 外大 Therefore, in order to ensure the density, fracture resistance and construction convenience of the brick, this application believes that H 外大 ≤130mm and H 内小 ≥30mm is appropriate. The inventors found that by summarizing the design data of standard arc starting brick thickness in different situations, when H 外大 When <120mm, it is easy to cause H 内小 <30mm. Therefore, in order to improve the operability of this application, simplify the design process, and also to maximize the standardization and universalization of brick types and optimize brick type management, this application recommends that before designing the thickness of standard arc-starting bricks, designers should first adopt the equal large end size strategy, that is, the large end thickness value H of the outer end surface of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks 外大锐 =H 外大钝 , and then pre-assign a value to it according to their actual situation by selecting one from 130mm, 125mm, and 120mm.

[0104] Step 3.1.3.1: Accurately measure the rotation radius of the outer end face of the first and last layers of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped masonry. For each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry, it has two inner and outer end faces, and the top view of each end face is in the shape of a ring. The end close to the axis l0 is a smaller circumference (referred to as the small circle) formed by the small end masonry of the brick unit, and the side away from the axis l0 is a larger circumference (referred to as the large circle) formed by the large end masonry of the brick unit. Therefore, this application will calculate the rotation radius of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry according to the radius of the large circle at the furnace end (R 标内大 ), the radius of the small circle at the furnace end (R 标内小 ), the radius of the large circle at the outer end of the furnace (R 标外大 ), the radius of the small circle at the outer end of the furnace (R 标外小 ) for naming (see attached Figure 4 ). According to the proportional characteristics of the inner and outer end face rotation radius of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped masonry (see formula 1), in response to the needs of subsequent steps, in the longitudinal cross-section, this step only needs to measure the outer end and large and small circle radii of the first and last layers of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry equivalently converted in step 2, and R 标外大首 、R 标外小首 、R 标外大末 、R标外小末 , in mm, accurate to 0.01.

[0105] Step 3.1.3.2: Selection of the thickness allowance (ΔH) of the outer end face of the standard arc-starting brick. According to the basic principle of selection of the thickness allowance, first, the R 标外大首 , R 标外小首 , R 标外大末 , R 标外小末 and the determined outer end face thickness H 外大锐 , H 外大钝 of the outer end face of the acute and obtuse standard arc-starting brick are selected in advance, and then the basic conditions that the thickness allowance of the outer end face of the acute and obtuse standard arc-starting brick should satisfy are calculated by substituting the above values into formula 13 and formula 14, and then the thickness allowance ΔH 锐 , ΔH 钝 of the outer end face of the acute and obtuse standard arc-starting brick is obtained by selecting the thickness allowance value closest to the basic condition from the list shown in Table 1.

[0106] The basic principle of selection of the thickness allowance is that the principle of "the smaller the radius of the brick, the smaller the radius, and the larger the radius of the brick, the larger the radius" is always followed, that is, to improve the range of the standard arc-starting brick that can be arranged, to solve the problem of mismatch of the brick type caused by various errors, and to ensure that the theoretical circular outer radius of the outer end face of the acute standard arc-starting brick should be smaller than the outer end large circle radius R 标外大首 of the first layer of the standard symmetrical arc-shaped refractory lining, and the theoretical circular outer radius of the outer end face of the obtuse standard arc-starting brick should be larger than the outer end large circle radius R 标外大末 of the last layer of the standard symmetrical arc-shaped refractory lining.

[0107] Further, the theoretical circular outer radius of the outer end face of the standard arc-starting brick refers to the outer radius of the circular ring of the lining outer end face formed by a single standard arc-starting brick, which is a unique geometric parameter value of the combination of the standard arc-starting brick into a rotary body, that is, each standard arc-starting brick with a definite size has only one theoretical circular outer radius of the outer end face. According to the geometric size relationship of the single wedge-shaped brick circular ring, the inventors deduced the theoretical circular outer radius R 0锐 , R o钝 of the outer end face of the acute and obtuse standard arc-starting brick.

[0108]

[0109] In the formula, R 标外大首 , R 标外小首 , R 标外大末 , R 标外小末 are the equivalent brick length of the outer end face of the acute and obtuse standard arc-starting brick, H 外大锐 , H 外大钝 are the corresponding outer end face large head size, and ΔH 锐 , ΔH 钝The corresponding outer end surface thickness is slightly larger.

[0110] Based on the above basic principles of slightly selecting, R 0锐 <R 标外大首 , R 0钝 >R 标外大末 , and substituting them into formula 11 and formula 12 respectively, it can be deduced that the outer end surface slightly value of the sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks should respectively satisfy:

[0111]

[0112] Table 1: Recommended list of standard arc starting brick outer end surface large head thickness and standard slightly selection

[0113]

[0114] Further, the inventors have summarized the maximum and minimum slightly values of the standard arc starting bricks under extreme size conditions by statistically and researching a large number of converter smelting zone refractory lining design data of different sizes, shapes and types. In order to improve the standardization level of the bricks, the inventors give a series of standard slightly values between the above extreme values, and list the recommended list of standard arc starting brick outer end surface thickness size in Table 1 according to three series of 130mm, 125mm and 120mm, for the reference and quotation of designers.

[0115] Step 3.1.3.3: Standard arc starting brick thickness size design. The foregoing steps have completed the design of the outer end surface large head thickness and the selection of its slightly, and then the outer end surface small head thickness value can be directly obtained from Table 1, or can be calculated by subtracting the slightly from the large head thickness:

[0116] H 外小锐 = H 外大锐 - ΔH 锐 (Formula 15)

[0117] H 外小钝 = H 外大钝 - ΔH 钝 (Formula 16)

[0118] According to the equal proportion characteristics of the inner and outer end surfaces of the standard arc starting bricks shown in formula 10, the brick length L designed in step 3.1.1 and the arc-shaped lining inner arc surface radius r 内弧 and the outer end surface large head thickness size measured in step 3.1.2 are substituted into formula 17 to formula 20 respectively, and the inner end surface large head thickness values of the sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks are calculated:

[0119]

[0120] Further, the thickness values of the standard arc-starting bricks are all in mm, and the thickness values obtained by the calculation are accurate to 0.1.

[0121] Step 3.2: Draw the brick pattern of the standard arc-starting brick. According to the brick length L, width dimensions A and B, and thickness dimension H obtained in step 3.1 and its sub-steps, draw the brick pattern of the sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks respectively. 外大锐 外小锐 内大锐 内小锐 外大钝 外小钝 内大钝 内小钝 , and accurately draw the brick pattern of the sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks respectively, so as to accurately manufacture the refractory bricks by the refractory brick manufacturer.

[0122] Step 3.3: Calculation of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry and preparation of the brick arrangement table.

[0123] Step 3.3.1: Calculation of the brick arrangement of each layer of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry.

[0124] Step 3.3.1.1: Accurately measure the radii of the large circle of the outer end of each layer of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry. In the longitudinal section view, according to the layer sequence i (the total number of layers is P determined in step 3.1.2), accurately measure the radii R 标外大i 标外小i of the large circle of the outer end of each layer of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry converted in step 2, and the measurement result is accurate to 0.01 and the unit is mm.

[0125] Step 3.3.1.2: Calculation of the number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks required by each layer of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry. Substitute the thickness values of the sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks of the outer end face obtained in step 3.1.3 and the radii of the large circle of the outer end of each layer of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry measured in step 3.3.1.1 into formula 21 and formula 22 respectively, so as to calculate the number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks required by the i-th layer of the masonry, and the calculation result is accurate to an integer value by rounding off.

[0126]

[0127] In the formula, K 锐i and K 钝i are the number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks required by the i-th layer of the masonry respectively; R 标外小i and R 标外大i are the radii of the large circle of the outer end of the i-th layer of the masonry respectively; H 外大锐 , H 外大钝 , and H 外小锐 .​​​​​​​​外小钝 The thickness values of the outer end face of the sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks.

[0128] Further, the formula 21 and the formula 22 are derived by the inventors based on the approximate equal relationship between the circumference of the outer end face of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry and the total thickness of the brick units of the outer end face. In addition, according to the equal proportionality of the inner and outer end faces of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry, the thickness of the brick units of each layer of the masonry is completely the same in the trend of rounding the inner and outer end faces, that is, the calculation results are consistent when the number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks is calculated through the inner end face or the outer end face. Therefore, the present application only needs to calculate based on the radius of the large circle of the outer end face using the formula 21 and the formula 22, which can effectively reduce the design workload by about 50%.

[0129] Step 3.3.2: Preparation of the brick arrangement table of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry. The number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks (K 锐i , K 钝i ) required by each layer of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry calculated in step 3.3.1 is sequentially listed in the brick arrangement table as shown in Table 2 according to the layer sequence i (the total number of layers is P determined in step 3.1.2) for quick reference by masonry construction personnel. In the table, “BHR” is the model number of the sharp standard arc-starting brick, and “BHD” represents the model number of the blunt standard arc-starting brick.

[0130] Table 2: Brick arrangement table of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry

[0131]

[0132] Step 4: Design of the brick arrangement of the increased diameter masonry.

[0133] The basic brick unit for constructing the increased diameter masonry is the increased diameter brick, which only needs one brick type. For the convenience of understanding and distinguishing, “BHZ” is used as its code, which means “for standard arc-shaped masonry increased diameter”. The same as step 3, the brick arrangement design of the increased diameter masonry also includes two parts of the increased diameter brick size design and the calculation of the number of increased diameter bricks required by each layer of the increased diameter masonry.

[0134] Step 4.1: Increased diameter brick size design

[0135] Step 4.1.1: Design of brick length L and inner and outer end face width A, B of the diameter increasing brick. The diameter increasing brick is the basic structural unit for realizing synchronous diameter increasing of the inner and outer end faces of each layer of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining. Its arrangement is generally not allowed to cause "zigzag" rough surface phenomenon in any direction, but always maintains smooth and flat appearance. Therefore, the brick length L, inner end face width A and outer end face width B of the diameter increasing brick are generally designed to be the same as the brick length and width of the standard arc starting brick designed in steps 3.1.1 and 3.1.2.

[0136] Step 4.1.2: Design of the thickness Hz of the diameter increasing brick and calculation of the number Kz of each layer.

[0137] Step 4.1.2.1: Calculation of the synchronous circumference increasing value AC of each layer of the arc-shaped lining. In the longitudinal section view of the converter smelting zone, the offset distance L between the rotary shaft l0 and the center line l of the furnace is accurately measured in the equivalent transformation process described in step 2. 偏移 This offset distance is the radius increasing value AR in the synchronous diameter increasing process, and thus the synchronous circumference increasing value AC of each layer of the arc-shaped lining is calculated as AC = 2pL 偏移 , and the calculation result is accurate to 0.01.

[0138] Step 4.1.2.2: Design of the thickness Hz of the diameter increasing brick. According to the synchronous diameter increasing principle described in the accompanying drawings Figure 6 , the thickness of the inner and outer end faces of the diameter increasing brick is Hz, and the thickness is slightly 0. Before calculating the number of diameter increasing bricks, H z should be determined in advance. Theoretically, H Z can be arbitrarily selected, but considering the compactness, breaking resistance and construction convenience of the brick, the present application considers that 70mm≤H Z ≤130mm is more reasonable. Further, in order to realize standardization of the brick type and maximize the universal level, preferably, the designer can assign a value to H

[0139] Step 4.1.2.3: Calculation of the number Kz of diameter increasing bricks required for each layer of the lining. Since the synchronous circumference increasing value AC of each layer of the lining is essentially the total thickness after stacking the diameter increasing bricks, the number Kz of diameter increasing bricks of each layer can be calculated by substituting Hz designed in step 4.1.2.2 and AC calculated in step 4.1.2.1 into formula 23:

[0140]

[0141] Further, the final calculation value of Kz is accurate to an integer value by the rounding method.

[0142] Step 4.2: Accurately draw the brick pattern of the increased diameter brick. According to the brick length L, width size A, B, and thickness size H designed in step 4.1 and its sub-steps z , accurately draw the brick pattern of the increased diameter brick for accurate production by the refractory brick manufacturer.

[0143] Step 5: Non-standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick combination. According to the equivalent change strategy described in step 2, the non-standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick combination design is essentially composed of standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry and increased diameter masonry. Each layer of the brick unit is designed as the acute and obtuse standard arc-starting brick in step 3 and the increased diameter brick in step 4, i.e., on the basis of the brick combination table of the standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry prepared in step 3.3.2, the K Z block increased diameter brick calculated in step 4.1.2 is added to each layer, and finally the non-standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick combination method is obtained. The specific brick combination example table is shown in Table 3.

[0144] Table 3 Non-standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick combination table

[0145]

[0146] The specific implementation method and beneficial effects of the technical solutions of the present application will be further described below in combination with specific embodiments.

[0147] Example 1 Non-standard symmetric rotary refractory masonry brick combination design method for a domestic 120-ton converter

[0148] The 120-ton converter described in this embodiment mainly smelts high-carbon chromium, medium-carbon high-temperature bearing steel, high-stress valve spring steel, and automobile plate steel, etc. To solve the problem of thermal stress concentration caused by the traditional "turning brick type" return flat structure, the converter uses an arc-shaped refractory masonry to connect the furnace bottom brick and the molten pool brick in the smelting zone. The design of the longitudinal section of the inner lining is shown in the attached Figure 7 . In this embodiment, the method provided in this application will be used to design the non-standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry. The detailed steps are as follows:

[0149] Step 1: Construction of standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry.

[0150] Step 1.1: Accurately draw the rotary axis l0 of the standard symmetric rotary body. In the attached Figure 7 , find the center O of the arc-shaped masonry arc, and draw a vertical line parallel to the furnace center line l through the center O to serve as the rotary axis l0 of the standard symmetric rotary body.

[0151] Step 1.2: Construction of standard symmetrical rotational curved refractory masonry. Using the vertical line l0 drawn in step 1.1 as the axis of symmetry and the longitudinal sector ring section of the curved masonry as the primitive, the three-dimensional solid obtained by continuous rotation 360° is called a standard symmetrical rotational solid. This means that by laying the brick units of the curved masonry around the axis l0, a standard symmetrical rotational curved refractory masonry can be constructed. The radii of rotation corresponding to the inner and outer annular surfaces of each layer have the same proportional relationship as described in Equation 1.

[0152] Step 2: Equivalent transformation of non-standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry.

[0153] As attached Figure 7 As shown in FIG, and based on the zero-slightly increased diameter principle and the geometric characteristics of masonry construction, this embodiment converts the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry with the required brick design into two parts: the standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry and the increased diameter masonry constructed in step 1. The brick design work is also decomposed into two parts: the standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry brick design and the increased diameter masonry brick design. The essential reason for the establishment of the equivalent transformation is that: in the attached Figure 7 In the process, when the rotation axis l0 of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry constructed in step 1 is gradually shifted to the right to the center line l of the furnace, the rotation radius of each corresponding point of the three-dimensional rotating body is synchronously increased, and the increase value ΔR = offset distance L 偏移 =1743.32mm, and the three-dimensional rotating body obtained at this time is exactly the non-standard symmetrical rotating arc-shaped refractory masonry designed with bricks required in this embodiment.

[0154] Step 3: Brick design of standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry.

[0155] The brick design for the standard symmetrical, rotary curved refractory masonry described in this embodiment includes two parts: the design of the brick unit (brick type) size and the calculation of the number of bricks for each layer of masonry. These brick units are called standard arc-starting bricks. This embodiment adopts a dual-brick type masonry strategy throughout. Only two brick types are designed for the standard symmetrical, rotary curved refractory masonry: sharp (codenamed "BHR") and blunt (codenamed "BHD") standard arc-starting bricks. The thickness of these two brick types is designed using the standard slight selection method.

[0156] Step 3.1: Design of standard arc-starting brick size. As sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks are used as brick units in the same masonry layer, in order to maintain the stable, smooth and flat appearance of each masonry layer, in addition to the thickness, the length L and width A and B of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks are the same.

[0157] Step 3.1.1: Determine the standard arc-starting brick length, L. Based on a comprehensive evaluation of factors such as the converter's volume ratio, molten pool erosion characteristics, and service life, the effective furnace bottom lining thickness is designed to be 700 mm. To ensure an open, ample tumbling space for the high-temperature molten steel in the smelting zone and to minimize its mechanical scouring effect on the furnace lining, in this embodiment, the standard arc-starting brick length is designed to be the same as that of the furnace bottom brick, i.e., L = 700 mm.

[0158] Step 3.1.2: Design the inner end face width A and outer end face width B of the standard arc starting brick. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, it is known from the measurement that the inner arc radius r of the arc-shaped masonry in this embodiment is 内弧 =537.20mm, the central angle of the fan ring is θ S =55.3°, in order to ensure the convenient production, construction and error control of standard arc-starting bricks, A and B should meet A≥70mm and B≤250mm, then the measured r 内弧 ,θ S Substituting the value and the standard arc-starting brick length L = 700mm determined in step 3.1.1 into formula 9, the optimal range of the number of layers P of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry can be calculated as follows:

[0159]

[0160] The number of layers P can be 5, 6, or 7. According to the manufacturer's existing press capacity and brick type management needs, this embodiment sets P to 7, and then compares this value with r 内弧 ,θ S Substitute the brick length L into formula 7 and formula 8 to calculate the A and B values:

[0161]

[0162] Step 3.1.3: Design of thickness of standard arc-starting bricks. From the perspective of masonry construction and its orientation in the converter, the standard arc-starting brick is essentially a wedge-shaped brick with two inner and outer end faces, both of which are isosceles trapezoidal and have multiple groups of degrees. The four thickness values ​​of the inner and outer end faces are H 内大 、H 内小 、H 外大 、H 外小 According to the proportional characteristics of the standard symmetrical rotation body, this embodiment only needs to determine H 外大 、H 外小 , and then calculate H by formula 10 内大 、H 内小Yes. To simplify the design calculation process, maximize the standardization and generalization level of brick type, and optimize brick type management, the embodiment adopts the strategy of equalizing the large end size before designing the thickness of the standard starting arc brick. From 130 mm, 125 mm, and 120 mm, the thickness of the large end of the outer end surface of the sharp and blunt standard starting arc brick is assigned a value of 130 mm, that is, H 外大锐 = H 外大钝 = 130 mm.

[0163] Step 3.1.3.1: Precise measurement of the first and last layer outer end surface rotation radius of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry. According to the equal proportionality characteristics of the inner and outer end surface rotation radius of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry as shown in formula 1, the first and last layer outer end large circle radius of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry converted in step 2 is measured in the attached Figure 7 , and R 标外大首 = 592.25 mm, R 标外小首 = 437.10 mm, R 标外大末 = 1201.81 mm, and R 标外小末 = 1149.08 mm.

[0164] Step 3.1.3.2: Selection of the thickness allowance (ΔH) of the outer end surface of the standard starting arc brick. According to the basic principle of selecting the allowance, R 标外大首 = 592.25 mm, R 标外小首 = 437.10 mm, R 标外大末 = 1201.81 mm, R 标外小末 = 1149.08 mm, and H 外大锐 = H 外大钝 = 130 mm are substituted into formula 13 and formula 14, and the basic conditions that the thickness allowance of the outer end surface of the sharp and blunt standard starting arc brick should meet can be calculated:

[0165]

[0166] That is, ΔH 锐 > 34.1, and ΔH 钝 < 5.7. From the list shown in Table 1, the allowance values closest to the basic conditions are ΔH 锐 = 35 mm and ΔH 钝 = 5 mm.

[0167] Step 3.1.3.3: Design of the thickness size of the standard starting arc brick. H 外大锐 = H 外大钝 = 130 mm, ΔH 锐 = 35, and ΔH 钝= 5 respectively into formula 15, formula 16, the small head thickness of the outer end surface of the sharp, blunt type standard arc starting brick is calculated:

[0168] H 外小锐 = H 外大锐 - ΔH 锐 = 130mm - 35mm = 95mm

[0169] H 外小钝 = H 外大钝 - ΔH 钝 = 130mm - 5mm = 125mm

[0170] According to the proportional characteristics of the inner and outer end surfaces of the standard arc starting brick, the brick length L = 700mm determined in step 3.1.1 and the r 内弧 = 537.20mm and H 外大锐 = H 外大钝 = 130mm, H 外小锐 = 95mm, H 外小钝 = 125mm are respectively substituted into formula 17 - formula 20, and the inner end surface small head thickness value of the sharp, blunt type standard arc starting brick is calculated:

[0171]

[0172]

[0173] From the calculation results, the inner end surface small head thickness value H 内小 of the sharp, blunt type standard arc starting brick designed in this embodiment is greater than 30mm, meeting the design requirements.

[0174] Step 3.2: Draw the standard arc starting brick brick pattern. According to the brick length L, width size A, B, thickness size H 外大锐 , H 外小锐 , H 内大锐 , H 内小锐 , H 外大钝 , H 外小钝 , H 内大钝 , H 内小钝 obtained in step 3.1 and its sub-steps, the brick pattern of the sharp, blunt type standard arc starting brick is accurately drawn respectively, see the attached Figure 8 , for accurate production by the refractory brick manufacturer.

[0175] Step 3.3: Standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick calculation and preparation of its brick arrangement table.

[0176] Step 3.3.1: Calculation of the brick arrangement of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry.

[0177] Step 3.3.1.1: Accurately measure the radius of rotation of the outer end face of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry. Figure 7 As shown, according to the layer sequence i (the total number of layers is P = 7 layers determined in step 3.1.2), the radius of the outer end of each layer of the standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry converted in step 2 is adjusted. 标外大i 、R 标外小i Perform precise measurements, and the measurement results are shown in Table 4:

[0178] Table 4 Measurement results of the outer end face radius of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry in Example 1

[0179]

[0180] Step 3.3.1.2: Calculate the number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks required for each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry. 外大钝 =H 外大锐 =130mm, H 外小锐 =95mm, H 外小钝 =125mm and the gyration radius of the large and small circles of the outer end faces of each layer of masonry measured in step 3.3.1.1 are substituted into equations 21 and 22 respectively to calculate the number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks required for each layer of masonry:

[0181] Layer 1:

[0182]

[0183] The calculation process of the 2nd to 7th layers is the same as that of the 1st layer, so I will not repeat it here. The specific results are: K 锐2 ≈24 pieces, K 钝2 ≈11 yuan; K 锐3 ≈20 yuan, K 钝3 ≈22 pieces; K 锐4 ≈16 pieces, K 钝4 ≈31 yuan; K 锐5 ≈11 yuan, K 钝5 ≈41 yuan; K 锐6 ≈6 pieces, K 钝6 ≈49 yuan; K 锐7 ≈1 block, K 钝7 ≈57 yuan.

[0184] Step 3.3.2: Preparation of brick matching table for standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry. The number of sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks (K 锐i , K 钝i) The standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick arrangement table is obtained according to the sequence i (P=7 layers determined in step 3.1.2) and listed in Table 5, so as to be quickly consulted by masonry construction personnel. In the table, "BHR" is the sharp standard arc-starting brick type, and "BHD" represents the blunt standard arc-starting brick type.

[0185] Table 5 Standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick arrangement table of Example 1

[0186]

[0187] Step 4: Design of the brick arrangement of the increased-diameter masonry.

[0188] The basic brick unit of the increased-diameter masonry is the increased-diameter brick, and only one brick type is needed. In order to facilitate understanding and differentiation, "BHZ" is used as its code in this example. The brick arrangement design of the increased-diameter masonry described in this step includes two parts: the increased-diameter brick size design and the calculation of the number of increased-diameter bricks required for each layer of the increased-diameter masonry.

[0189] Step 4.1: Design of the increased-diameter brick size

[0190] Step 4.1.1: Design of the length L, inner end face width A, and outer end face width B of the increased-diameter brick. In order to maintain the smooth appearance of each layer of masonry, the length L of the increased-diameter brick is set to 700 mm, the width A is 74.0 mm, and the width B is 170.5 mm in this example.

[0191] Step 4.1.2: Design of the thickness Hz of the increased-diameter brick and calculation of the number Kz of bricks per layer.

[0192] Step 4.1.2.1: Calculation of the synchronous increase value ΔC of the circumference of each layer of arc-shaped masonry. In the attached drawing, the offset distance L between the rotary axis l0 and the center line l of the furnace during the equivalent transformation process described in step 2 is measured. Figure 7 In the attached drawing, the offset distance L between the rotary axis l0 and the center line l of the furnace during the equivalent transformation process described in step 2 is measured. 偏移 = 1743.32 mm, which is the radius increase value ΔR, and thus the synchronous increase value ΔC of the circumference of each layer of arc-shaped masonry is calculated as 2π·L = 2π×1743.32 ≈ 10953.60 mm; 偏移

[0193] Step 4.1.2.2: Design of the thickness Hz of the increased-diameter brick. In order to improve the density, fracture resistance, and construction convenience of the brick, maximize the standardization of the brick type, and improve the universal level thereof, and according to the existing brick size series and the design personnel's habit, the thickness Hz of the increased-diameter brick is designed to be 125 mm in this example.

[0194] ​Step 4.1.2.3: Calculation of the number of Kz of the required diameter-increasing bricks for each layer. The Hz of 125 mm designed in Step 4.1.2.2 and the AC of about 10953.60 mm calculated in Step 4.1.2.1 are substituted into Equation 23 to calculate the number of Kz of the diameter-increasing bricks for each layer:

[0195]

[0196] Step 4.2: Accurate drawing of the diameter-increasing brick pattern. According to the brick length L, the width dimensions A and B, and the thickness dimension H designed in Step 4.1 and its sub-steps, the diameter-increasing brick pattern is accurately drawn, as shown in the attached z Figure 9 , for accurate production by the refractory brick manufacturer.

[0197] Step 5: Brick arrangement of the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining. According to the equivalent change strategy described in Step 2, the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining required by the present embodiment is essentially composed of a standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining and a diameter-increasing lining, and the brick units used for the construction of each layer are the three brick types of the sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks designed in Step 3 and the diameter-increasing bricks designed in Step 4. That is, based on the brick arrangement table (Table 5) of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining prepared in Step 3.3.2, the K z block diameter-increasing bricks calculated in Step 4.1.2.3 are added to each layer, and finally the brick arrangement method of the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining is obtained, and the specific brick arrangement table is shown in Table 6.

[0198] Table 6: Brick arrangement table of the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining described in Example 1

[0199]

[0200] Through implementation, the present embodiment successfully solves the problems of non-uniform calculation of the number of brick types at the inner and outer ends, the existence of natural gaps in brick laying, and large amount of cutting and polishing of bricks in the traditional brick arrangement design method of the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining. In the actual operation process, the number of cutting and polishing bricks for each layer is ≤2, and the rotary circular ring of the lining is smooth and flat without the phenomenon of starting ridge and jointing. Except for the controllable gaps caused by the manufacturing error of the brick type, there is no natural gap in the brick type.

[0201] Example 2: Brick arrangement design method of a non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory lining of a 180-ton converter in China

[0202] The 180-ton converter described in the present embodiment mainly smelts automobile steel, high-performance machine tool steel, high-performance tunneling machine tool steel, high-stress valve spring steel, etc. To solve the problem of thermal stress concentration caused by the traditional "turning brick type" return flat structure, the converter uses an arc-shaped lining to connect the bottom brick and the pool brick in the smelting zone, and the design of the longitudinal section of the lining is shown in the attached Figure 10 ​. This embodiment will use the method provided in this application to design the brick arrangement of the non-standard asymmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry, and the detailed steps are as follows:

[0203] Step 1: Construction of standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry.

[0204] Step 1.1: Accurately draw the rotary axis l0 of the standard symmetric body. In the attached Figure 10 , find the center O of the inner and outer arcs of the arc-shaped masonry, and draw a vertical line parallel to the hearth center line l through the center O to serve as the rotary axis l0 of the standard symmetric body.

[0205] Step 1.2: Construction of standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry. Take the vertical line l0 drawn in step 1.1 as the symmetry axis, and take the longitudinal sector ring cross section of the arc-shaped masonry as the base element. The three-dimensional entity obtained by continuously rotating 360° is called a standard symmetric body, that is, the brick unit of the arc-shaped masonry is built around the axis l0 for one revolution to construct a standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry, and each layer of the inner and outer end circular surface has a proportional relationship as shown in formula 1.

[0206] Step 2: Equivalent transformation of non-standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry.

[0207] As shown in the attached Figure 10 , and based on the principle of zero slightly increased diameter and the geometric characteristics of masonry construction, this embodiment will equivalently transform the non-standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry required for brick arrangement design into two parts of the standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry and the increased diameter masonry constructed in step 1, and the brick arrangement design work is also divided into two parts of standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick arrangement design and increased diameter masonry brick arrangement design. The essential reason for the equivalence transformation is that in the attached Figure 10 , when the rotary axis l0 of the standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry constructed in step 1 is gradually shifted to the right to the hearth center line l, the rotary radii of each corresponding point of the three-dimensional body are simultaneously increased, and the increased diameter value ΔR = offset distance L 偏移 = 1503.23 mm, and the three-dimensional body obtained at this time is exactly the non-standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry required for brick arrangement design in this embodiment.

[0208] Step 3: Standard symmetric rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick arrangement design.

[0209] The standard brick design work of the embodiment includes two parts of brick unit (brick type) size design and calculation of the number of bricks in each layer, and the brick unit is called standard arc-starting brick. The embodiment adopts a double-brick type masonry strategy, and only designs two brick types of sharp (code "BHR") and blunt (code "BHD") standard arc-starting bricks for the standard symmetrical rotary refractory masonry, and adopts a standard slight degree selection method to design the thickness of the two brick types.

[0210] Step 3.1: Standard arc-starting brick brick type size design. Since the sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks are the same layer masonry masonry brick units, in order to maintain the stable and smooth appearance of each layer of masonry, in addition to the thickness size, the brick length L and the width A, B of the sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks are the same respectively.

[0211] Step 3.1.1: Determination of the standard arc-starting brick length L. According to the comprehensive evaluation of the converter volume ratio, the molten pool erosion characteristics, the service life and other factors, the effective lining thickness of the furnace bottom is designed to be 1250mm, in order to ensure that the high-temperature molten steel in the smelting area has an open space that can sufficiently roll and at the same time, the mechanical scouring effect of the molten steel on the lining is reduced to the greatest extent, the length of the standard arc-starting brick is designed to be 50mm shorter than the length of the furnace bottom brick, that is, L = 1200mm.

[0212] Step 3.1.2: Design of the inner end face width A and the outer end face width B of the standard arc-starting brick. As shown in the attached Figure 10 , it is known from the measurement in the figure that the inner arc radius r 内弧 of the arc-shaped masonry in the embodiment is 612.53mm, and the central angle θ S of the sector ring is 69.1°, in order to ensure that the production of the standard arc-starting brick is convenient, the construction is convenient, and the error is controllable, A and B should satisfy A≥70mm and B≤250mm, then the measured values of r 内弧 , θ S and the length L of the standard arc-starting brick determined in step 3.1.1 are substituted into formula 9 to calculate the optimal value range of the number of layers P of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry:

[0213]

[0214] Therefore, the number of layers P can be 9 or 10, considering the need to reduce the number of ring joints and the brick type management of the manufacturer, the number of layers P is set to 9, and then the value and r 内弧 , θ S , the length L of the standard arc-starting brick are substituted into formula 7 and formula 8 to calculate the values of A and B:

[0215]

[0216]

[0217] Step 3.1.3: Design of thickness of standard arc-starting bricks. From the perspective of masonry construction and its orientation in the converter, the standard arc-starting brick is essentially a wedge-shaped brick with two inner and outer end faces, both of which are isosceles trapezoidal and have multiple groups of degrees. The four thickness values ​​of the inner and outer end faces are J 内大 、H 内小 、H 外大 、H 外小 According to the proportional characteristics of the standard symmetrical rotation body, this embodiment only needs to determine H 外大 、H 外小 , and then calculate H by formula 10 内大 、H 内小 To simplify the design and calculation process, comprehensively consider the brick type standardization, universalization level and construction convenience as well as optimize brick type management, this embodiment adopts the equal large end size strategy before designing the thickness of the standard arc starting brick, and selects 125mm from 130mm, 125mm and 120mm to assign the large end thickness value of the outer end surface of the sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks, that is, H 外大锐 =H 外大钝 =125mm.

[0218] Step 3.1.3.1: Accurately measure the radius of gyration of the outer end face of the first and last layers of the standard symmetrical rotational arc masonry. According to the proportional characteristics of the inner and outer end faces of the standard symmetrical rotational arc refractory masonry as shown in formula 1, the following steps should be required. Figure 10 In this step, the radius of the first and last layers of the standard symmetrical arc-shaped refractory masonry converted from step 2 is measured to obtain R 标外大首 =868.71mm, R 标外小首 =648.02mm, R 标外大末 =1815.23mm, R 标外小末 =1798.96mm.

[0219] Step 3.1.3.2: Select the thickness of the outer end surface of the standard arc starting brick (ΔH). Follow the basic principle of thickness selection and measure the R 标外大首 =868.71mm, R 标外小首 =648.02mm, R 标外大末 =1815.23mm, R 标外小末 = 1798.96 mm and H is determined in advance in step 3.1.3 外大锐 =H 外大钝 =125mm is substituted into formula 13 and formula 14 to calculate the basic conditions that the thickness of the outer end surface of sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks should meet:

[0220]

[0221] i.e. ΔH 锐 >31.8, ΔH 钝 <1.1, ΔH 锐 =33mm, ΔH 钝 =0mm.

[0222] Step 3.1.3.3: Standard arc starting brick thickness dimension design. Substitute H 外大锐 =H 外大钝 =125mm, ΔH 锐 =33, ΔH 钝 =0 into formula 15, formula 16 respectively, the sharp, blunt type standard arc starting brick outer end face small head thickness is calculated as:

[0223] H 外小锐 =H 外大锐 -ΔH 锐 =125mm-33mm=92mm

[0224] H 外小钝 =H 外大钝 -ΔH 钝 =125mm-0mm=125mm

[0225] According to the equal proportion characteristics of the inner and outer end faces of the standard arc starting brick, substitute the brick length L=1200mm determined in step 3.1.1, the r 内弧 =612.53mm and H 外大锐 =H 外大钝 =125mm, H 外小锐 =92mm, H 外小钝 =125mm into formula 17~formula 20 respectively, the inner end face small head thickness value of the sharp, blunt type standard arc starting brick is calculated as:

[0226]

[0227] From the calculation results, the inner end face small head thickness value H 内小 of the sharp, blunt type standard arc starting brick designed in this embodiment are all greater than 30mm, which meets the design requirements.

[0228] Step 3.2: Draw the standard arc starting brick brick type diagram. According to the brick length L, width size A, B, thickness size H 外大锐 , H 外小锐 , H 内大锐 , H 内小锐 , H 外大钝 , H 外小钝 , H 内大钝 , H 内小钝etc. respectively, the brick type diagram of the sharp and blunt standard arc-starting brick is accurately drawn, see the attached Figure 11 , for the accurate production of the refractory brick manufacturer.

[0229] Step 3.3: Calculation of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick arrangement and preparation of its brick arrangement table.

[0230] Step 3.3.1: Calculation of the brick arrangement of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry.

[0231] Step 3.3.1.1: Accurate measurement of the size circle radius of the outer end of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry. As shown in the attached Figure 10 , according to the layer sequence i (the total number of layers is P = 9 layers determined in step 3.1.2), the size circle radius R 标外大i , R 标外小i of the outer end of each layer of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry equivalent to the conversion in step 2 is accurately measured, and the measurement results are shown in Table 7:

[0232] Table 7 Measurement results of the size circle radius value of the outer end of each layer of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry described in Example 1

[0233]

[0234] Step 3.3.1.2: Calculation of the number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks required for each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry. Substitute the size head thickness value H 外大钝 = H 外大锐 = 125 mm, H 外小锐 = 92 mm, H 外小钝 = 125 mm designed in step 3.1.3 and the size circle radius value of the outer end of each layer of masonry measured in step 3.3.1.1 into formula 21 and formula 22 respectively, to calculate the number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks required for each layer of masonry:

[0235] Layer 1:

[0236]

[0237] The calculation process of layers 2-9 is the same as that of layer 1, and will not be repeated here. The specific results are: K 锐2 ≈ 39 pieces, K 钝2 ≈ 15 pieces; K 锐3 ≈ 35 pieces, K 钝3 ≈ 28 pieces; K 锐4 ≈ 31 pieces, K 钝4 ≈ 40 pieces; K 锐5 ≈ 26 pieces, K 钝5 ≈ 52 pieces; K 锐6 ≈ 21 pieces, K钝6 ≈63 blocks; K 锐7 ≈15 blocks, K 钝7 ≈73 blocks; K 锐8 ≈9 blocks, K 钝8 ≈81 blocks; K 锐9 ≈3 blocks, K 钝9 ≈88 blocks.

[0238] Step 3.3.2: Preparation of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick arrangement table. The number of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks required by each layer of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry calculated in step 3.3.1.2 is sequentially listed in Table 8 according to layer sequence i (P = 9 layers determined in step 3.1.2), to obtain the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick arrangement table of the present example for quick reference by masonry construction personnel. In the table, "BHR" is the model number of the sharp standard arc-starting brick, and "BHD" represents the model number of the blunt standard arc-starting brick. 锐i , K 钝i

[0239] Table 8 Standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry brick arrangement table of Example 2

[0240]

[0241] Step 4: Design of the diameter-increasing masonry.

[0242] The basic brick unit for constructing the diameter-increasing masonry is the diameter-increasing brick, which only requires one brick type. For the sake of understanding and differentiation, the present example uses "BHZ" as its code. The diameter-increasing masonry brick arrangement design described in the present step includes two parts: diameter-increasing brick size design and calculation of the number of diameter-increasing bricks required by each layer of the diameter-increasing masonry.

[0243] Step 4.1: Diameter-increasing brick size design

[0244] Step 4.1.1: Design of the diameter-increasing brick length L and the inner and outer end face widths A and B. In order to maintain the smooth appearance of each layer of masonry, the diameter-increasing brick length L is also set to 1200 mm in the present example, with width A = 82.0 mm and width B = 242.7 mm.

[0245] Step 4.1.2: Design of the diameter-increasing brick thickness Hz and calculation of the number of bricks Kz in each layer.

[0246] Step 4.1.2.1: Calculation of the circumferential length synchronous increase value ΔC of each layer of arc-shaped masonry. In the attached drawing, the offset distance L Figure 10 between the rotary shaft l0 and the center line l of the furnace during the equivalent transformation process described in step 2 is measured to be L 偏移 = 1503.23 mm, which is the radius increase value ΔR, and thus the circumferential length synchronous increase value ΔC of each layer of arc-shaped masonry is calculated as ΔC = 2π·L​偏移 = 2π x 1503.23 ≈ 9445.07 mm;

[0247] Step 4.1.2.2: Design of the thickness Hz of the diameter-increasing brick. In order to improve the density, breaking resistance and construction convenience of the brick, maximize the standardization of the brick type and improve the level of its generalization, and according to the existing brick size series and the habits of the designers, the thickness Hz of the diameter-increasing brick is designed to be 100 mm in this embodiment.

[0248] Step 4.1.2.3: Calculation of the number Kz of the diameter-increasing bricks required for each layer of the masonry. The Hz = 100 mm designed in step 4.1.2.2 and the AC ≈ 9445.07 mm calculated in step 4.1.2.1 are substituted into formula 23 to calculate the number Kz of the diameter-increasing bricks for each layer:

[0249]

[0250] Step 4.2: Precise drawing of the brick type diagram of the diameter-increasing brick. According to the length L, the width dimensions A and B and the thickness dimension H designed in step 4.1 and its sub-steps, the brick type diagram of the diameter-increasing brick is precisely drawn, as shown in the attached Z , for the accurate production by the refractory brick manufacturers. Figure 12

[0251] Step 5: Brick combination of the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry. According to the equivalent change strategy described in step 2, the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry designed in this embodiment is essentially composed of a standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry and a diameter-increasing masonry, and the brick units used for the construction of each layer are the three brick types of the sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks designed in step 3 and the diameter-increasing bricks designed in step 4, i.e. on the basis of the brick combination table (Table 5) of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry prepared in step 3.3.2, the K Z bricks of diameter-increasing bricks calculated in step 4.1.2.3 are added to each layer, and finally the brick combination method of the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry is obtained, and the specific brick combination table is shown in Table 9.

[0252] Table 9 Brick combination table of the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry described in embodiment 1

[0253]

[0254] Through implementation, this embodiment also effectively solves the objective problems such as the non-uniform calculation of the number of brick types on the inner and outer faces, the natural gaps in the brick masonry, and the large amount of cutting and polishing processing in the traditional brick combination design method of the non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry.​

Claims

1. A design method for non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry bricks for steelmaking converters, characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1. In the longitudinal cross-section of the converter melting zone, draw a vertical line parallel to the furnace centerline l through the center point O of the inner and outer arcs of the curved masonry, and use this as the rotation axis l0 of the standard symmetrical rotation body; with the rotation axis l0 as the axis and the longitudinal fan-shaped annular section of the curved masonry as the primitive, the three-dimensional solid obtained by continuous rotation 360° is called the standard symmetrical rotation body, that is, the brick unit of the curved masonry is built around the axis l0 to construct a standard symmetrical rotation type curved refractory masonry; Step 2, equivalent transformation: Based on the zero-slightly increased diameter principle and the geometric characteristics of masonry construction, the non-standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry with the required brick design is equivalently transformed into the standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry and increased diameter masonry constructed in step 1. The brick design work is also decomposed into the standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry brick design and increased diameter masonry brick design. Step 3: Design bricks for the standard symmetrical rotating body to obtain the brick size and corresponding quantity of each layer of the standard symmetrical rotating curved refractory masonry; Step 4: Design the size of the increased diameter masonry bricks and the required number of each layer based on the diameter increase value and the principle of zero-slightly increased diameter; Step 5. Each layer of non-standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry is built up by the corresponding number of standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry bricks and increased diameter masonry bricks of the layer, and finally a brick matching design method for non-standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry is obtained; the standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry brick type in the step 3 is called a standard arc-starting brick; a standard arc-starting brick is a wedge-shaped brick with two inner and outer end faces and an isosceles trapezoidal transverse cross-section with multiple groups of degrees; a double brick matching strategy is adopted, and only two brick types, sharp standard arc-starting bricks and blunt standard arc-starting bricks, are designed for the standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry, and the thickness of the above two brick types is designed using the standard degree selection method.

2. The method for designing bricks for non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry for a steelmaking converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The design method of the standard arc starting brick in step 3 is as follows: Step 3.1: Design of standard arc-starting brick size: Since sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks are used as brick units in the same masonry layer, in order to maintain a stable, smooth and flat appearance of each layer of masonry, in addition to the thickness, the brick length L, inner end width A and outer end width B of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks are the same; Step 3.1.1: Determination of the standard arc starting brick length L: The standard arc starting brick length L should not be greater than the furnace bottom brick length, and at least not shorter than the furnace bottom brick length by 100mm, in mm, and the value should be an integer; Step 3.1.2: Design of the inner end face width A and outer end face width B of the standard arc starting brick: First, in the longitudinal design drawing of the lining of the converter melting area, accurately measure the inner arc radius r of the arc masonry in the longitudinal cross-section diagram. 内弧 and the central angle θ of the circular section of the arc-shaped masonry fan S , where r 内弧 Accurate to 0.01, unit is mm, θ S Accurate to 0.1, unit is °; in order to ensure the convenient production and construction of standard arc-starting bricks and controllable errors, the measured value and the length L of the standard arc-starting brick are substituted into formula 9 to calculate the optimal value range of the number of layers P of the standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry, and an integer value is selected from the range to assign P; then the P value and r 内弧 , L, θ S Substitute them into formula 7 and formula 8 to calculate the specific values ​​of the standard arc starting brick width A and B. The calculation result should be accurate to 0.1, and the unit is mm; Step 3.1.3: Design of thickness of standard arc-starting brick: According to the proportional characteristics of the standard symmetrical rotation body, the thickness of the inner and outer end faces of the standard arc-starting brick also presents the following proportional relationship: Where H 内大 The thickness of the inner end of the standard arc starting brick is H 内小 The thickness of the small end of the inner end face of the standard arc starting brick, H 外大 The thickness of the outer end of the standard arc starting brick is H 外小 The thickness of the small end of the outer end face of the standard arc starting brick, r 内弧 is the inner arc radius of the arc masonry, r 外弧 is the outer arc radius of the arc masonry, and L is the length of the standard arc-starting brick; From the above formula, we can see that as long as the H of the outer end face 外大 、H 外小 Determine the thickness value H corresponding to the inner end face 内大 、H 内小 It can be directly calculated by this formula; adopt the equal large end size strategy, that is, the large end thickness value of the outer end surface of the sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks H 外大锐 =H 外大钝 , and pre-assign a value to it from 130mm, 125mm, 120mm according to their actual situation; Step 3.1.3.1: Accurately measure the radius of gyration of the outer end faces of the first and last layers of standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry: Each layer of standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry has two end faces, inner and outer, and the top view of each end face is circular; according to the proportional characteristics of the gyration radius of the inner and outer end faces of standard symmetrical rotary curved masonry, only the large and small circle radii of the outer end faces of the first and last layers of standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry need to be measured in the longitudinal cross-section to obtain the large circle radius R of the outer end of the first layer. 标外大首 , the radius of the small circle at the outer end of the first floor R 标外小首 , the radius of the large circle at the outer end of the last layer R 标外大末 , the radius of the small circle at the outer end of the last layer R 标外小末 , the unit is mm, the value is accurate to 0.01; Step 3.1.3.2: Selection of the thickness of the outer end face of the standard arc-starting brick ΔH: Follow the basic principle of thickness selection and change the R of the first and last layers of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry obtained in step 3.1.3.1 to 标外大首 、R 标外小首 、R 标外大末 、R 标外小末 And the thickness H of the outer end face of the sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks selected in advance 外大锐 、H 外大钝 Substituting them into formula 13 and formula 14 together, we can calculate the basic conditions that the outer end thickness of sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks should meet. Then, we can select the value of the thickness closest to the basic conditions from the list shown in Table 1 to obtain the outer end thickness of sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks ΔH. 锐 , ΔH 钝 ; Table 1 Recommended list of thickness and standard degree of outer end of standard arc starting brick Step 3.1.3.3: Design of thickness of standard arc starting bricks; the above steps have completed the design of thickness of the outer end and the selection of the angle, so the thickness of the outer end can be directly obtained from Table 1, or calculated by subtracting the angle from the thickness of the outer end: H 外小锐 =H 外大锐 -ΔH 锐 (Equation 15) H 外小钝 =H 外大钝 -ΔH 钝 (Equation 16) According to the proportional characteristics of the inner and outer end faces of the standard arc-starting brick, the brick length L and the measured arc radius r of the arc masonry are respectively 内弧 Substitute the outer end thickness into formula 17 to formula 20 to calculate the inner end thickness of sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks: Step 3.2: Draw the standard arc-starting brick shape: according to the brick length L, width dimensions A, B, thickness dimension H 外大锐 、H 外小锐 、H 内大锐 、H 内小锐 、H 外大钝 、H 外小钝 、H 内大钝 、H 内小钝 , accurately draw the brick patterns of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks respectively, so as to provide accurate production for refractory brick manufacturers; Step 3.3: Calculation of brick matching for standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry and preparation of brick matching table; Step 3.3.1: Calculation of brick distribution for each layer of standard symmetrical rotary curved refractory masonry; Step 3.3.1.1: Accurately measure the radius of gyration of the outer end face of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry: In the longitudinal cross-section, according to the layer sequence i, measure the radius of the outer end face of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry converted from step 2 in turn. 标外大i 、R 标外小i Carry out precise measurement, with the measurement results accurate to 0.01, in mm; Step 3.3.1.2: Calculate the number of sharp standard arc-starting bricks and blunt standard arc-starting bricks required for each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry: calculate the thickness of the outer end face of the sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks designed in step 3.1.

3. H 外大锐 、H 外大钝 、H 外小锐 、H 外小钝 , The radius of gyration R of the outer end face of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry measured in step 3.3.1.1 标外小i 、R 标外大i Substituting into equations 21 and 22 respectively, we can calculate the number K of sharp and blunt standard arc-starting bricks required for the i-th layer of masonry. 锐i , K 钝i , use rounding method to make the calculation result accurate to integer value; Step 3.3.2: Preparation of brick matching table for standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry: The number of sharp and blunt standard arc starting bricks K required for each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry calculated in step 3.3.1 锐i , K 钝i List them in the brick matching table according to the layer sequence i for quick reference by masonry construction workers.

3. The method for designing brick arrangement of non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry for steelmaking converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method of step 4: the basic brick unit for constructing the increased diameter masonry is the increased diameter brick, and only one brick type is required; the brick design of the increased diameter masonry includes two parts: the design of the increased diameter brick type and the calculation of the number of increased diameter bricks required for each layer of increased diameter masonry; Step 4.1: Design the size of the bricks with increased diameter; Step 4.1.1: Design of the length, inner and outer widths of the increasing-diameter bricks: The increasing-diameter bricks serve as the basic structural units for achieving synchronous diameter increase of the inner and outer end surfaces of each layer of standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry. To maintain the smooth and flat appearance of the masonry, the length, inner and outer widths of the increasing-diameter bricks are designed to be consistent with the length and width of the standard arc-starting bricks designed in Steps 3.1.1 and 3.1.2, respectively. Step 4.1.2: Increase the brick thickness H Z Design and the number of bricks with increased diameter required for each layer of masonry K Z Calculation of Step 4.1.2.1: Calculate the synchronous increase in the circumference of each layer of arc masonry ΔC: In the longitudinal cross-section of the converter melting zone, accurately measure the offset distance L between the rotation axis l0 and the furnace centerline l during the equivalent transformation process described in step 2 偏移 , and this offset distance is the radius increase value ΔR generated in the synchronous diameter increase process, from which the synchronous increase value of the circumference of each layer of curved masonry is calculated as ΔC=2π·L 偏移 , the calculation result is accurate to 0.01; Step 4.1.2.2: Increase the brick thickness H Z Design: The corresponding thickness values ​​of the inner and outer end faces of the increased diameter brick are the thickness of the increased diameter brick H Z , the thickness is 0, and you can choose one of 75mm, 100mm, and 125mm to assign it; Step 4.1.2.3: Number of bricks with increased diameter required for each layer of masonry K Z Calculation: Since the synchronous increase in the perimeter of each layer of curved masonry ΔC is actually the total thickness of the increased diameter bricks after stacking, the thickness of the increased diameter bricks Hz and the synchronous increase in the perimeter of each layer of curved masonry ΔC are substituted into formula 23 to calculate the number of increased diameter bricks K required for each layer of masonry. Z , K Z The final calculated value is rounded to an integer: Step 4.2: Accurately draw the brick shape of the increased diameter brick: According to the brick length L, width dimensions A and B, the designed increased diameter brick thickness H Z , accurately draw the brick shape of the increased diameter brick so that the refractory brick manufacturer can make it accurately.

4. The method for designing bricks for non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry for a steelmaking converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The zero-slightly increased diameter principle in step 2 and step 4 means that under the condition of uniformly mixed zero-slightly brick masonry, the wedge-shaped bricks can effectively increase the circumference of each layer of arc-shaped masonry formed by the wedge-shaped bricks by a value ΔC and a radius by a value ΔR, and the increase increases with the increase in the number of zero-slightly bricks and the increase in width, that is, ΔC = 2π·ΔR = K Z W Z , K Z W is the number of bricks with increased diameter required for each layer of masonry. Z The width of the bricks increases; the wedge-shaped bricks are the fundamental reason why the masonry remains circular. Therefore, no matter how the radius of the circle increases, the number of wedge-shaped bricks required for the entire circle remains unchanged, that is, it is always 2π / θ, where θ is the angle between the wedge-shaped bricks.

5. The method for designing brick arrangement of non-standard symmetrical rotary arc-shaped refractory masonry for steelmaking converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The geometric characteristics of the masonry construction in step 2 refer to: for each layer of non-standard symmetrical rotary arc refractory masonry, it can be regarded as a synchronous diameter-increasing transformation of zero-slight bricks with the same number and width on the circular rings of the inner and outer end faces based on the corresponding standard symmetrical rotary body.

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