A proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of proton exchange membrane electrolytic water hydrogen production systems based on solar power generation, solar heat collecting device is electrically connected with anode gas reaction layer and cathode gas reaction layer respectively;The input of first water vapor separation device is connected with the water outlet pipe of anode gas reaction layer, the input of second water vapor separation device is connected with the water outlet pipe of cathode gas reaction layer, and the water outlet of first water vapor separation device and second water vapor separation device is connected with the water inlet of solar heat collecting device;A plurality of grooves are arranged in each U-shaped flow channel, a plurality of first hollow ribs are arranged between adjacent U-shaped flow channels, and a plurality of second hollow ribs are arranged in each U-shaped flow channel.The application changes the distribution and flow state of electrolytic water, realizes the uniform distribution of electrolytic water and reaction gas in the flow channel, and improves the efficiency and stability of electrolytic reaction.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of industrial hydrogen production, and in particular to a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing emphasis on environmental protection and sustainable energy development worldwide, hydrogen energy, as a highly potential clean energy carrier, has become a research hotspot. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers have unique advantages and play an important role in the field of renewable energy hydrogen production, and are widely considered as one of the key technologies for realizing large-scale green hydrogen production.

[0003] At present, the traditional proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer takes a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) as the core inside, the assembly has a "sandwich" structure, is composed of a proton exchange membrane (such as a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane, which conducts protons and separates gases), two catalyst layers (an anode loaded with iridium-based catalyst to catalyze water decomposition to produce oxygen, and a cathode loaded with platinum-based catalyst to catalyze proton reduction to produce hydrogen) on the two sides and a peripheral gas diffusion layer (porous carbon material, which is conductive and uniformly distributes fluid), the MEA is attached to a bipolar plate on the two sides, and the surface flow channel is used for introducing pure water (anode) and discharging hydrogen and oxygen, and simultaneously has the functions of electric conduction, current collection and mechanical support. Due to the complex internal structure, the flow of liquid water in the flow channel is relatively stable, which leads to that the liquid water in a certain area of the flow channel stays for too long, while another area cannot be fully supplied with water, and the uneven distribution will affect the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis reaction. SUMMARY

[0004] The application aims to provide a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation, which realizes uniform distribution of electrolysis water and reaction gas in the flow channel, and improves the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis reaction.

[0005] The application is implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0006] A proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation comprises:

[0007] a solar heat collecting device, a PEM electrolyzer, a first water-vapor separation device and a second water-vapor separation device.

[0008] The PEM electrolyzer comprises an anode flow channel, an anode gas reaction layer, a proton exchange membrane, a cathode gas reaction layer and a cathode flow channel; the solar heat collecting device is electrically connected with the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel respectively; the water outlet of the solar heat collecting device is connected with the water inlet of the anode flow channel by a pipeline; the input of the first water-vapor separation device is connected with the water outlet of the anode flow channel by a pipeline, the input of the second water-vapor separation device is connected with the water outlet of the cathode flow channel by a pipeline, and the first water-vapor separation device is connected with the oxygen user by a pipeline; the gas outlet of the second water-vapor separation device is connected with the hydrogen user by a pipeline, and the water outlets of the first water-vapor separation device and the second water-vapor separation device are connected with the water inlet of the solar heat collecting device; the solar heat collecting device is electrically connected with the oxygen user and the hydrogen user respectively;

[0009] The anode gas reaction layer is located on one side of the anode flow channel, the proton exchange membrane is located on the side of the anode gas reaction layer away from the anode flow channel, the cathode gas reaction layer is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane away from the proton exchange membrane, and the cathode flow channel is located on the side of the cathode gas reaction layer away from the proton exchange membrane; the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are in direct correspondence; the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel each comprise a plurality of U-shaped flow channels arranged in sequence along a second direction; adjacent U-shaped flow channels are connected, each U-shaped flow channel is provided with a plurality of grooves, a plurality of first hollow ribs are arranged between adjacent U-shaped flow channels, and a plurality of second hollow ribs are arranged in each U-shaped flow channel; the first hollow ribs are in communication with two adjacent U-shaped flow channels; the second hollow ribs are in communication with two sub-flow channels of the U-shaped flow channel respectively; the grooves are used for changing the flow state of liquid water, and the first hollow ribs and the second hollow ribs are used for transmitting electrolytic water.

[0010] The first direction is a direction in which the anode flow channel points to the cathode flow channel, and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction.

[0011] Further, each U-shaped flow channel comprises a first sub-flow channel, a second sub-flow channel and a third sub-flow channel; the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel are connected with the second sub-flow channel respectively; a plurality of grooves are arranged in the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel along a third direction respectively, and a plurality of second hollow ribs are arranged between the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel along the third direction; the first end of the second hollow rib is in communication with the first sub-flow channel, and the second end of the second hollow rib is in communication with the third sub-flow channel.

[0012] The size of the groove along the second direction is equal to the size of the first sub-flow channel along the second direction; the size of the groove along the third direction is greater than 0 and less than 1 mm, and the depth of the groove is greater than 0 and less than 1 mm.

[0013] The size of the first hollow rib along the second direction is equal to the distance between two adjacent U-shaped flow channels along the second direction; the size of the second hollow rib along the second direction is equal to the distance between the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel along the second direction; the size of the first hollow rib and the second hollow rib along the third direction is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm, and the height of the first hollow rib and the second hollow rib is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

[0014] Further, the number of grooves in the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3; the number of the first hollow rib and the second hollow rib is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.

[0015] Further, the shape of the groove includes one of a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a semicircular shape, and a triangular shape; the shape of the first hollow rib and the second hollow rib includes one of a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a semicircular shape, a triangular shape, and a wave shape.

[0016] Further, the solar heat collecting device includes a power tracking controller, a rotating support, a photovoltaic heat collector, a storage battery, and a water storage tank.

[0017] The photovoltaic heat collector is located on the rotating support, the power tracking controller is electrically connected with the photovoltaic heat collector, the storage battery, and the rotating support respectively, the positive electrode of the storage battery is electrically connected with the anode flow channel, and the negative electrode of the storage battery is electrically connected with the cathode flow channel; the water outlet of the water storage tank is connected with the water inlet of the photovoltaic heat collector in a pipeline manner, and the water inlet of the water storage tank is connected with the water outlets of the first water-vapor separation device and the second water-vapor separation device in a pipeline manner.

[0018] The photovoltaic heat collector is used for converting solar energy into electric energy, the storage battery is used for storing the electric energy transmitted by the photovoltaic heat collector and providing electric energy for the PEM electrolytic cell; the power tracking controller is used for collecting the voltage and current at k1 time, k2 time, k3 time, …, k n time, and calculating the power at k1 time, k2 time, k3 time, …, k n time according to the collected voltage and current at k1 time, k2 time, k3 time, …, k n time; the power tracking controller is further used for comparing the power at two adjacent times in the calculated power at k1 time, k2 time, k3 time, …, k n time to determine the maximum power generation of the photovoltaic heat collector, and controlling the photovoltaic heat collector to output the maximum power generation according to the maximum power generation of the photovoltaic heat collector and a preset power generation threshold range;

[0019] wherein the preset power generation threshold range is 300 W-345 W, and n is 1, 2, 3, ….

[0020] Power point tracking controller is used in k n+1 The power generation at time k is greater than or equal to k n When comparing the power generation at time k, continue to compare k. n+2 Power generation at time and k n+1 Power generation at any given time; power point tracking controller is used to measure power output at k... n+1 The power generation at time k is less than or equal to k n The power generation power at any given time determines the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic collector, and the power tracking controller is also used to control the maximum output power of the photovoltaic collector based on the power generation power of the photovoltaic collector and the preset power range.

[0021] Furthermore, the power point tracking controller is used to control the photovoltaic collector to output the maximum power when the maximum power output of the photovoltaic collector is within the preset power output threshold range; the power point tracking controller is used to control the rotating bracket to move a preset distance along the fourth direction when the maximum power output of the photovoltaic collector is outside the preset power output threshold range.

[0022] The fourth direction is parallel to the direction of the sun's movement, with a preset spacing of greater than or equal to 0.5m and less than or equal to 1.2m.

[0023] Furthermore, the first water vapor separation device includes a water-oxygen separator and an oxygen storage tank; the second water vapor separation device includes a water-hydrogen separator and a hydrogen storage tank.

[0024] The inlet of the water-oxygen separator is connected to the outlet of the anode flow channel, and the outlet of the water-oxygen separator is connected to the inlet of the water storage tank; the outlet of the water-oxygen separator is connected to the inlet of the oxygen storage tank, and the outlet of the oxygen storage tank is connected to the oxygen user; the inlet of the water-hydrogen separator is connected to the outlet of the cathode flow channel, the outlet of the water-hydrogen separator is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, the outlet of the water-hydrogen separator is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, and the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen user.

[0025] Furthermore, the anode gas reaction layer includes an anode gas diffusion layer and an anode catalyst layer, and the cathode gas reaction layer includes a cathode gas diffusion layer and a cathode catalyst layer;

[0026] The anode catalyst layer is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane closest to the anode flow channel, and the anode gas diffusion layer is located on the side of the anode catalyst layer closest to the anode flow channel; the cathode catalyst layer is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane closest to the cathode flow channel, and the cathode gas diffusion layer is located on the side of the cathode catalyst layer closest to the cathode flow channel.

[0027] Furthermore, the proton exchange membrane electrolysis water production hydrogen production system based on solar power generation also includes: a first shut-off valve, a second shut-off valve, and a water pump; the first shut-off valve is located between the photovoltaic collector and the water storage tank, the second shut-off valve is located between the oxygen storage tank and the water storage tank, and the water pump is located between the water storage tank and the first shut-off valve.

[0028] Advantages of this invention:

[0029] In this embodiment of the invention, both the anode and cathode channels include multiple U-shaped channels arranged sequentially along a second direction. This increases the path of the electrolyzed water in the anode and cathode channels, facilitating full contact between the fluid and the electrode surface. Multiple grooves are provided within each U-shaped channel, disrupting the stable flow of the electrolyzed water without grooves. The electrolyzed water experiences vortices and turbulence as it passes through the grooves, increasing its velocity and reducing the time it takes to pass through the anode channel. Simultaneously, multiple first hollow ribs are provided between adjacent U-shaped channels, and multiple second hollow ribs are provided within each U-shaped channel. This allows the electrolyzed water to flow through the first hollow ribs to adjacent U-shaped channels, and through the second hollow ribs to transport the electrolyzed water between the two sub-channels within each U-shaped channel. This alters the distribution of the electrolyzed water, helping to reduce dead zones within the channels and preventing the uneven distribution and flow state of the electrolyzed water between the anode and cathode channels from affecting the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis reaction. Attached image description:

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a proton exchange membrane electrolysis water production hydrogen production system based on solar power generation, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the electrolytic cell;

[0033] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Front view of the electrolytic cell. Detailed implementation method:

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the electrolytic cell; see [link / reference] Figure 1 and Figure 2The proton exchange membrane electrolysis water production system based on solar power generation includes: a solar collector 1, a PEM electrolyzer 2, a first water vapor separator 3, and a second water vapor separator 4. The PEM electrolyzer 2 includes an anode channel 20, an anode gas reaction layer 23, a proton exchange membrane 24, a cathode gas reaction layer 25, and a cathode channel 26. The solar collector 1 is electrically connected to the anode channel 20 and the cathode channel 26, respectively. The outlet of the solar collector 1 is connected to the inlet 27 of the anode channel, and the inlet of the first water vapor separator 3 is connected to... The outlet 28 of the anode flow channel is connected to the pipeline; the inlet of the second water vapor separator 4 is connected to the outlet 29 of the cathode flow channel 26; the first water vapor separator 3 is connected to the oxygen user 5; the outlet of the second water vapor separator 4 is connected to the hydrogen user 9; the outlets of the first and second water vapor separators 3 and 4 are connected to the inlet of the solar collector 1; the solar collector 1 is electrically connected to both the oxygen user 5 and the hydrogen user 9; the anode gas reaction layer 23 is located on one side of the anode flow channel 20, and the proton exchange membrane 24 is positioned... The anode gas reaction layer 23 is located on the side away from the anode flow channel 20, the cathode gas reaction layer 25 is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane 24 away from the anode gas reaction layer 23, and the cathode flow channel 26 is located on the side of the cathode gas reaction layer 25 away from the proton exchange membrane 24; the anode flow channel 20 and the cathode flow channel 26 are directly opposite each other; both the anode flow channel 20 and the cathode flow channel 26 include multiple U-shaped flow channels 201, which are arranged sequentially along the second direction; adjacent U-shaped flow channels 201 are connected, and each U-shaped flow channel 201 is provided with multiple grooves 21. Multiple first hollow ribs 32 are provided between the U-shaped flow channels 201 and multiple second hollow ribs 22 are provided in each U-shaped flow channel 201. The first hollow ribs 32 are connected to two adjacent U-shaped flow channels 201; the second hollow ribs 22 are connected to two sub-flow channels of the U-shaped flow channel 201 respectively; the groove 21 is used to change the flow state of liquid water, and the first hollow ribs 32 and the second hollow ribs 22 are both used to transport electrolyzed water; wherein, the first direction X is the direction from the anode flow channel 20 to the cathode flow channel 26, and the second direction Y is the direction perpendicular to the first direction X.

[0036] The solar collector 1 supplies power to the PEM electrolyzer 2 and also heats the electrolyzed water flowing into it. The PEM electrolyzer 2 produces hydrogen and oxygen through water electrolysis. The anode gas reaction layer 23 transports oxygen and electrolyzed water, and also accelerates the electrolysis reaction at the anode. The proton exchange membrane 24 conducts protons generated from water decomposition at the anode to the cathode to achieve charge balance and a reaction pathway. Simultaneously, the proton exchange membrane 24 prevents the mixing of oxygen generated at the anode and hydrogen generated at the cathode, ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the PEM electrolyzer 2. The cathode gas reaction layer 25 transports hydrogen and electrolyzed water, and also accelerates the electrolysis reaction at the cathode. Both the anode flow channel 20 and the cathode flow channel 26 transport electrolyzed water. The first water vapor separator 3 separates oxygen and water, and the second water vapor separator 4 separates hydrogen and water.

[0037] Specifically, the solar collector 1 transmits electrical energy to the PEM electrolyzer 2 to power the electrolysis of water. After being heated by the solar collector 1, the electrolyzed water flows to the anode channel 20. The anode channel 20 includes multiple U-shaped channels 201, each with multiple grooves 21. This disrupts the smooth flow of the electrolyzed water that would otherwise be present without grooves 21. The water passing through the grooves 21 generates vortices and turbulence, increasing its speed and reducing the time it takes to pass through the anode channel 20. The water flows along the anode channel 20, ensuring full contact with the anode gas reaction layer 23. Multiple first hollow ribs 32 are provided between adjacent U-shaped channels 201, and multiple second hollow ribs 22 are provided within each U-shaped channel 201, allowing the water to pass through the first hollow ribs 32. The water flows to the adjacent U-shaped channels, and the second hollow rib 22 allows the electrolyzed water to be transported between the two sub-channels within each U-shaped channel 201, changing the distribution of the electrolyzed water. This helps reduce dead zones within the channels and avoids the impact of uneven electrolyzed water distribution between the anode channel 20 and the cathode channel 26 on the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis reaction. Under the action of electrical energy, the electrolyzed water is electrolyzed into oxygen and protons. After the oxygen and part of the electrolyzed water are separated by the first water vapor separator 3, part of the electrolyzed water flows to the anode channel 20 through the solar collector 1, and the oxygen flows to the oxygen user 5. The protons and electrolyzed water diffuse through the proton exchange membrane 24 to the cathode gas reaction layer 25. The protons combine with electrons in the cathode gas reaction layer 25 to generate hydrogen. The remaining electrolyzed water flows to the solar collector 1 after passing through the second water vapor separator 4, and the hydrogen flows to the hydrogen user 9.

[0038] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A front view of the electrolytic cell, see [link / reference]. Figures 1-3Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, each U-shaped flow channel 201 includes a first sub-flow channel 2011, a second sub-flow channel 2013, and a third sub-flow channel 2012; the first sub-flow channel 2011 and the third sub-flow channel 2012 are respectively connected to the second sub-flow channel 2013; multiple grooves 21 are respectively provided in the first sub-flow channel 2011 and the third sub-flow channel 2012 along a third direction, and multiple second hollow ribs 22 are provided between the first sub-flow channel 2011 and the third sub-flow channel 2012 along a third direction; the first end of the second hollow rib 22 communicates with the first sub-flow channel 2011, and the second end of the second hollow rib 22 communicates with the third sub-flow channel 2012; the groove 21 is sized along the second direction Y. The dimensions of the first sub-channel 2011 along the second direction Y are equal; the dimensions of the groove 21 along the third direction Z are greater than 0 and less than 1 mm, and the depth of the groove 21 is greater than 0 and less than 1.0 mm; the dimensions of the first hollow 22 along the second direction Y are equal to the distances between the two adjacent U-shaped channels along the second direction Y; the dimensions of the second hollow rib 22 along the second direction Y are equal to the distances between the first sub-channel 2011 and the third sub-channel 2012 along the second direction; the dimensions of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 along the third direction Z are greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm, and the heights of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 are both greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

[0039] Specifically, if the dimension of the groove 21 along the third direction Z is too large, the electrolyzed water will not be able to generate vortices and turbulence when passing through the groove 21, and the flow of the electrolyzed water will be relatively stable. Therefore, the dimension of the groove 21 along the third direction Z is set to be greater than 0 and less than 2 mm, so that the electrolyzed water will generate vortices and turbulence at the groove 21, creating a pressure difference on both sides, increasing the fluid velocity, and reducing the time the fluid takes to pass through the bend. If the depth of the groove 21 is too large, it will damage the anode gas reaction layer 23. Therefore, the depth of the groove 21 is set to be greater than 0 and less than 2.0 mm to avoid damage to the anode gas reaction layer 23 and the cathode gas reaction layer 25.

[0040] If the dimensions of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 along the third direction Z are too large, the flow rate of electrolyzed water in the anode channel 20 and the cathode channel 26 will be slow, making it difficult for oxygen to be discharged from the anode channel 20 and for hydrogen to be discharged from the cathode channel 26. Therefore, the dimensions of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 along the third direction Z are set to be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm. This avoids the problem of slow flow rate of electrolyzed water causing oxygen to be discharged from the anode channel 20 and hydrogen to be discharged from the cathode channel 26, and prevents oxygen from accumulating in the anode channel 20 and hydrogen from accumulating in the cathode channel 26, thus hindering the electrolysis reaction. If the height of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 is too high, it will increase the cost and make it difficult to process and produce. Therefore, the height of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 is set to be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm, reducing the cost and facilitating processing and production.

[0041] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 Furthermore, based on the technology of the above embodiments, the number of grooves 21 in the first sub-flow channel 2011 and the third sub-flow channel 2012 is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3; the number of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 is both greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3.

[0042] Specifically, if the number of grooves 21 is too large, the bottom of the anode channel 20 will become too flat, and the speed of electrolyzed water in the anode channel 20 will slow down, resulting in uneven distribution of electrolyzed water inside the anode channel 20 and the cathode channel 26, which reduces the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis reaction. Therefore, the number of grooves 21 is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, which increases the speed of electrolyzed water in the anode channel 20, achieves uniform distribution of electrolyzed water and reaction gas in the channel, and improves the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis reaction.

[0043] If the number of the first hollow ribs 32 and the second hollow ribs 22 is too large, the flow rate of electrolyzed water in the adjacent anode channel 20 and cathode channel 26 will be slow, reducing the distribution of oxygen in the anode channel 20 and the distribution of hydrogen in the cathode channel 26. This makes it difficult for oxygen and hydrogen to be discharged from the anode channel 20 and the cathode channel 26. Therefore, the number of the first hollow ribs 32 and the second hollow ribs 22 is set to be greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3, which improves the distribution of oxygen in the anode channel 20 and the distribution of hydrogen in the cathode channel 26, making it easier for oxygen and hydrogen to be discharged from the anode channel 20 and the cathode channel 26.

[0044] See Figure 2 and Figure 3Furthermore, based on the technology of the above embodiments, the shape of the groove 21 includes one of cylindrical, elliptical, semi-circular and triangular; the shapes of the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 both include one of cylindrical, elliptical, semi-circular, triangular and wavy.

[0045] In this invention, the groove 21 is shaped as a cylinder, ellipse, semicircle or triangle, and the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 are shaped as cylinder, ellipse, semicircle, triangle or wave, so that the groove 21 and the first hollow rib 32 and the second hollow rib 22 have simple structures, are easy to process and have low production costs.

[0046] In conventional proton exchange membrane electrolysis water production hydrogen systems based on solar power generation, photovoltaic panels cannot fully utilize solar energy. A large amount of solar energy is dissipated as heat, and the power output is unstable and below the optimal level, resulting in low energy efficiency of water electrolysis hydrogen production and a small amount of hydrogen produced.

[0047] See Figure 1 Furthermore, based on the technology of the above embodiments, the solar thermal collector 1 includes a power point tracking controller 10, a rotating support 11, a photovoltaic collector 12, a battery 13, and a water storage tank 14; the photovoltaic collector 12 is located on the rotating support 11, the power point tracking controller 10 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic collector 12, the battery 13, and the rotating support 11 respectively, the positive terminal of the battery 13 is electrically connected to the anode channel 20, and the negative terminal of the battery 13 is electrically connected to the cathode channel 26; the outlet of the water storage tank 14 is connected to the photovoltaic collector 12. The inlet pipe of water tank 14 is connected to the outlet pipes of the first water vapor separator 3 and the second water vapor separator 4; the photovoltaic collector 12 is used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and the battery 13 is used to store the electrical energy transmitted by the photovoltaic collector and to provide electrical energy to the PEM electrolyzer; the power tracking controller 10 is used to collect the voltage and current of the photovoltaic collector 12 at times k1, k2, k3...kn, and according to the collected k1, k2, k3...kn times ... n The voltage and current at time points k1, k2, k3...k are calculated. n The power generation at time k1, k2, k3...k is calculated. The power tracking controller 10 is also used to measure the generated power at time k1, k2, k3...k. n The maximum power output of the photovoltaic collector 12 is determined by comparing the power output of two adjacent moments at a given moment, and the maximum power output of the photovoltaic collector 12 is controlled according to the maximum power output of the photovoltaic collector 12 and the preset power output threshold range; wherein, the preset power output threshold range is 300W-345W, and n is 1, 2, 3...

[0048] Specifically, at the beginning, just as the sun rises, the photovoltaic collector 12 is directly facing the sun, and the solar power tracking controller 10 collects data from the photovoltaic collector 12 at times k1, k2, k3...k... n The voltage and current at time k1, k2, k3...k n The voltage and current at time points k1, k2, k3, ... k are calculated accordingly. n The power generation at each time point (k1, k2, k3...k) is calculated by the power point tracking controller 10. n The power generation power of two adjacent moments is compared to determine the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic collector 12, and the output of the photovoltaic collector 12 is controlled to the maximum power generation power based on the maximum power generation power of the photovoltaic collector 12 and the preset power generation power threshold range.

[0049] In this embodiment of the invention, the power tracking controller 10 can determine the maximum power output of the photovoltaic collector 12, and is also used to control the output of the photovoltaic collector 12 to the maximum power output based on the maximum power output of the photovoltaic collector 12 and the preset power output threshold range, thereby ensuring the stable output of electrical energy and improving the energy efficiency of water electrolysis for hydrogen production and the production of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0050] See Figure 1 Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the power point tracking controller 10 is used to... n+1 The power generation at time k is greater than k n When comparing the power generation at time k, continue to compare k. n+2 Power generation at time and k n+1 Power generation at any given time; Power tracking controller 10 is used to measure power generation at k... n+1 The power generation at time k is less than k n The maximum power generation of the photovoltaic collector 12 is determined by the power generation at a given time.

[0051] Specifically, when k n+1 The power generation at time k is greater than k n When the power generation at time k is measured, the power point tracking controller 10 continues to compare k. n+2 Power generation at time and k n+ The power generation at time 1, when k n+1 The power generation at time k is less than k n When the power generation is measured at a given time, the power point tracking controller 10 determines the maximum power generation of the photovoltaic collector 12 as k. n Power generation at any given moment.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the power tracking controller 10 ensures stable power output, thereby improving the energy efficiency of hydrogen production from water electrolysis and the yield of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0053] See also Figure 1 Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the power tracking controller 10 is used to control the photovoltaic collector 12 to output the maximum power when the maximum power output of the photovoltaic collector 12 is within the preset power output threshold range; the power tracking controller 10 is used to control the rotating bracket 11 to move along the fourth direction by a preset distance when the maximum power output of the photovoltaic collector 12 is outside the preset power output threshold range; wherein, the fourth direction is a direction parallel to the direction of solar movement, and the preset distance is greater than or equal to 0.5m and less than or equal to 1.2m.

[0054] Specifically, when the maximum power output of the photovoltaic collector 12 is within the preset power output threshold range, the power tracking controller 10 controls the photovoltaic collector 12 to output the maximum power output. When the maximum power output of the photovoltaic collector 12 is outside the preset power output threshold range, the power tracking controller 10 controls the rotating bracket 11 to move along the fourth direction by a preset distance. Then, the power tracking controller 10 continues to collect the current and voltage of the photovoltaic collector 12.

[0055] See Figure 1 Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the first water vapor separation device 3 includes a water-oxygen separator 30 and an oxygen storage tank 31; the second water vapor separation device 4 includes a water-hydrogen separator 40 and a hydrogen storage tank 41; the inlet of the water-oxygen separator 30 is connected to the outlet of the anode flow channel 20, and the outlet of the water-oxygen separator 30 is connected to the inlet of the water storage tank 14; the outlet of the water-oxygen separator 30 is connected to the inlet of the oxygen storage tank 31, and the outlet of the oxygen storage tank 31 is connected to the user 5; the inlet of the water-hydrogen separator 40 is connected to the outlet of the cathode flow channel 26, the outlet of the water-hydrogen separator 40 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 41, the outlet of the water-hydrogen separator 40 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 41, and the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 41 is connected to the user 5.

[0056] Specifically, after the oxygen and some of the electrolyzed water in the anode flow channel 20 are separated by the water-oxygen separator 30, the oxygen enters the oxygen storage tank 31 for storage, and some of the electrolyzed water flows to the water storage tank 14. After the hydrogen and some of the electrolyzed water in the cathode flow channel 26 are separated by the water-hydrogen separator 40, the hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank 41 for storage, and some of the electrolyzed water flows to the water storage tank 14. The oxygen storage tank 31 and the hydrogen storage tank 41 provide oxygen and hydrogen to user 5.

[0057] See Figure 1Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the anode gas reaction layer 23 includes an anode gas diffusion layer 230 and an anode catalyst layer 231, and the cathode gas reaction layer 25 includes a cathode gas diffusion layer 250 and a cathode catalyst layer 251; the anode catalyst layer 231 is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane 24 near the anode flow channel 20, and the anode gas diffusion layer 230 is located on the side of the anode catalyst layer 231 near the anode flow channel 20; the cathode catalyst layer 251 is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane 24 near the cathode flow channel 26, and the cathode gas diffusion layer 250 is located on the side of the cathode catalyst layer 251 near the cathode flow channel 26.

[0058] The anode gas diffusion layer 230 is used to transport oxygen, the anode catalyst layer 231 and the cathode catalyst layer 251 are both used to reduce the activation energy of the electrolysis reaction, and the cathode gas diffusion layer 250 is used to transport hydrogen.

[0059] Electrolyzed water in the anode channel 20 passes through the anode gas diffusion layer 230 to the anode catalyst layer 231. Under the action of the anode catalyst layer, the electrolysis reaction is accelerated, generating oxygen and protons. The generated oxygen is discharged through the anode gas diffusion layer 230 to prevent oxygen from accumulating on the anode catalyst layer and hindering the reaction. At the same time, protons and electrolyzed water enter the cathode catalyst layer 251 through the proton exchange membrane 24. The protons gain electrons to generate hydrogen gas. The hydrogen gas is discharged through the cathode gas diffusion layer 250 to prevent hydrogen gas from accumulating on the surface of the cathode catalyst layer 251 and avoid affecting the reaction rate.

[0060] See Figure 1 Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the proton exchange membrane electrolysis water production hydrogen production system based on solar power generation also includes: a first shut-off valve 6, a second shut-off valve 8, and a water pump 7; the first shut-off valve 6 is located between the photovoltaic collector 12 and the water storage tank 14, the second shut-off valve 8 is located between the oxygen storage tank 31 and the water storage tank 14, and the water pump 7 is located between the water storage tank 14 and the first shut-off valve 6.

[0061] The first shut-off valve 6 and the second shut-off valve 8 are used to cut off or restore the electrolyzed water delivery in the relevant pipelines. At the same time, the first shut-off valve 6 and the second shut-off valve 8 are used to isolate specific component pipelines when the proton exchange membrane electrolyzed water hydrogen production system based on solar power generation fails.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A proton exchange membrane water electrolysis hydrogen production system based on solar power generation, characterized in that, The system comprises: a solar heat collector, a PEM electrolyzer, a first water-vapor separation device, and a second water-vapor separation device; the PEM electrolyzer comprises an anode flow channel, an anode gas reaction layer, a proton exchange membrane, a cathode gas reaction layer, and a cathode flow channel; the solar heat collector is electrically connected to the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel respectively; the water outlet of the solar heat collector is connected to the water inlet of the anode flow channel by a pipeline, the input of the first water-vapor separation device is connected to the water outlet of the anode flow channel by a pipeline, the input of the second water-vapor separation device is connected to the water outlet of the cathode flow channel by a pipeline, the first water-vapor separation device is connected to an oxygen user by a pipeline, and the gas outlet of the second water-vapor separation device is connected to a hydrogen user by a pipeline; the water outlets of the first water-vapor separation device and the second water-vapor separation device are connected to the water inlet of the solar heat collector; the solar heat collector is electrically connected to the oxygen user and the hydrogen user respectively; the anode gas reaction layer is located on one side of the anode flow channel, the proton exchange membrane is located on the side of the anode gas reaction layer away from the anode flow channel, the cathode gas reaction layer is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane away from the anode gas reaction layer, and the cathode flow channel is located on the side of the cathode gas reaction layer away from the proton exchange membrane; the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel are in direct correspondence; the anode flow channel and the cathode flow channel each comprise a plurality of U-shaped flow channels, and the plurality of U-shaped flow channels are arranged in sequence along a second direction; adjacent U-shaped flow channels are connected, each U-shaped flow channel is provided with a plurality of grooves, a plurality of first hollow ribs are arranged between adjacent U-shaped flow channels, and a plurality of second hollow ribs are arranged in each U-shaped flow channel; the first hollow ribs are in communication with two adjacent U-shaped flow channels; the second hollow ribs are in communication with two sub-flow channels of the U-shaped flow channel respectively; the grooves are used to change the flow state of liquid water, and the first hollow ribs and the second hollow ribs are used to transport electrolytic water; wherein the first direction is the direction in which the anode flow channel points to the cathode flow channel, and the second direction is the direction perpendicular to the first direction.

2. The solar-based PEM electrolytic water hydrogen production system according to claim 1, wherein each U-shaped flow channel comprises a first sub-flow channel, a second sub-flow channel, and a third sub-flow channel; the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel are connected to the second sub-flow channel respectively; a plurality of grooves are arranged in the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel along a third direction respectively, and a plurality of second hollow ribs are arranged between the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel along the third direction; the first end of the second hollow rib is in communication with the first sub-flow channel, and the second end of the second hollow rib is in communication with the third sub-flow channel; the size of the groove along the second direction is equal to the size of the first sub-flow channel along the second direction; the size of the groove along the third direction is greater than 0 and less than 1 mm, and the depth of the groove is greater than 0 and less than 1 mm; the size of the first hollow rib along the second direction is equal to the distance between two adjacent U-shaped flow channels along the second direction. The second hollow rib ridge has a dimension along the second direction equal to a distance between the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel along the second direction; The first hollow rib ridge and the second hollow rib ridge have a dimension along the third direction greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm, and a height greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5 mm. 3.The solar power-based hydrogen production system of claim 2, wherein The number of grooves in the first sub-flow channel and the third sub-flow channel is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3; and the number of the first hollow rib ridge and the second hollow rib ridge is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 3. 4.The solar power-based hydrogen production system of claim 3, wherein The shape of the groove comprises one of a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a semicircular shape, and a triangular shape; and the shape of the first hollow rib ridge and the second hollow rib ridge each comprises one of a cylindrical shape, an elliptical shape, a semicircular shape, a triangular shape, and a wave shape.

5. The solar power based proton exchange membrane electrolysis system for hydrogen production according to claim 1, wherein, The solar power collector comprises a power tracking controller, a rotating support, a photovoltaic collector, a storage battery, and a water storage tank; The photovoltaic collector is located on the rotating support, the power tracking controller is electrically connected with the photovoltaic collector, the storage battery, and the rotating support respectively, the positive electrode of the storage battery is electrically connected with the anode flow channel, the negative electrode of the storage battery is electrically connected with the cathode flow channel, the water outlet of the water storage tank is connected with the water inlet of the photovoltaic collector in a pipeline manner, and the water inlet of the water storage tank is connected with the water outlets of the first water-vapor separation device and the second water-vapor separation device in a pipeline manner. The photovoltaic collector is used to convert solar energy into electric energy, the storage battery is used to store the electric energy transmitted by the photovoltaic collector and provide electric energy for the PEM electrolytic cell, the power tracking controller is used to collect the voltage and current of the photovoltaic collector at k1 time, k2 time, k3 time, …, kn time, calculate the power generation at k1 time, k2 time, k3 time, …, kn time according to the collected voltage and current, compare the power generation at adjacent two times to determine the maximum power generation of the photovoltaic collector, and control the photovoltaic collector to output the maximum power generation according to the maximum power generation of the photovoltaic collector and a preset power generation threshold range. The preset power generation threshold range is 300 W-345 W, and n is 1, 2, 3, …. 6.The solar power-based hydrogen production system of claim 5, wherein The power tracking controller is used to continue comparing the power generation at kn+2 time and the power generation at kn+1 time when the power generation at kn+1 time is greater than the power generation at kn time, and is used to determine the maximum power generation of the photovoltaic collector when the power generation at kn+1 time is less than the power generation at kn time. 7.The solar power generation based hydrogen production system of claim 5, wherein the power tracking controller is configured to control the photovoltaic collector to output the maximum power generation when the maximum power generation of the photovoltaic collector is within a preset power generation threshold range, and to control the rotating support to move a preset interval along a fourth direction when the maximum power generation of the photovoltaic collector is outside the preset power generation threshold range. The fourth direction is parallel to the direction of the sun, and the preset interval is greater than or equal to 0.5 m and less than or equal to 1.2 m. 8.The solar power generation based hydrogen production system of claim 5, wherein the first water-vapor separation device comprises a water-oxygen separator and an oxygen storage tank, and the second water-vapor separation device comprises a water-hydrogen separator and a hydrogen storage tank. The input port of the water-oxygen separator is connected to the water outlet of the anode flow channel, the water outlet of the water-oxygen separator is connected to the water inlet of the water storage tank, the gas outlet of the water-oxygen separator is connected to the input port of the oxygen storage tank, the output port of the oxygen storage tank is connected to the oxygen user, the input port of the water-hydrogen separator is connected to the water outlet of the cathode flow channel, the water outlet of the water-hydrogen separator is connected to the water inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, the gas outlet of the water-hydrogen separator is connected to the input port of the hydrogen storage tank, and the output port of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen user. 9.The solar power generation based hydrogen production system of claim 1, wherein the anode gas reaction layer comprises an anode gas diffusion layer and an anode catalyst layer, and the cathode gas reaction layer comprises a cathode gas diffusion layer and a cathode catalyst layer. The anode catalyst layer is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane close to the anode flow channel, the anode gas diffusion layer is located on the side of the anode catalyst layer close to the anode flow channel, the cathode catalyst layer is located on the side of the proton exchange membrane close to the cathode flow channel, and the cathode gas diffusion layer is located on the side of the cathode catalyst layer close to the cathode flow channel. Further comprising: a first stop valve, a second stop valve, and a water pump, wherein the first stop valve is located between the photovoltaic collector and the water storage tank, the second stop valve is located between the oxygen storage tank and the water storage tank, and the water pump is located between the water storage tank and the first stop valve. ​ 10. The solar power based proton exchange membrane electrolysis water splitting hydrogen generation system of claim 5, wherein, ​ ​

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