Tunnel fire non-equilibrium control-smoke exhaust automatic adjustment control system and tunnel fire non-equilibrium control-smoke exhaust automatic adjustment control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a tunnel fire non-equilibrium control-smoke exhaust automatic adjustment control system and method, and belongs to the field of frequency conversion fan technology and tunnel fire control-smoke exhaust ventilation. The system comprises a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing and control algorithm module, a fan driving module and an emergency disposal module. The system dynamically and automatically controls the operation state of the smoke exhaust fan according to real-time fire smoke in the tunnel, and the exhaust air rate is reasonably adjusted. The abnormal environment parameters of the tunnel ceiling are collected through the sensing equipment, so that the approximate position of a fire in the tunnel and the real-time dynamic state of fire smoke spreading are obtained. And parameters such as the smoke front spreading speed and the smoke exhaust efficiency of the fan at the smoke exhaust port are obtained by applying an algorithm program to automatically control the start, stop and operation frequency of the fan. The interlocking arrangement of the emergency disposal module ensures that the other combinations are started under the condition that the exhaust air rate of one set of smoke exhaust port-smoke exhaust fan combination of the system is insufficient, fire smoke spreading is effectively controlled, and it is generally ensured that smoke is efficiently exhausted while the fire smoke is controlled within a safe range by the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of variable-frequency fan technology and tunnel fire control, exhaust and ventilation, and particularly to a non-uniform control-smoke exhaust automatic regulation control system and method for tunnel fires. Background Technique

[0002] With the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous acceleration of the urbanization process, as an important hub connecting urban areas, tunnel projects, especially extra-long tunnels, long tunnels, and cross-sea (river) tunnels, have achieved unprecedented development. The longer the tunnel and the greater the traffic density, the greater the probability of accidents and fires. For the above-mentioned tunnels, due to their long and narrow characteristics and special structural features, once a fire occurs, the smoke will accumulate and spread on the tunnel ceiling, and the strategy of longitudinally ventilating the smoke on one side of the clear height of the medium and short-range tunnel fires and exhausting the smoke from the other side cannot be adopted for ventilation and smoke exhaust. Therefore, for such tunnels, a smoke prevention and exhaust method - point smoke exhaust - has been developed, in which a smoke exhaust duct is separately arranged above the tunnel driving space, and smoke exhaust openings are arranged at a certain interval in the smoke exhaust duct. When a fire occurs in the driving lane space, two smoke exhaust openings near the fire source position are immediately opened, and at the same time, the smoke exhaust fans on both sides of the smoke exhaust duct are started, and the mechanical wind generated by the fans is used to suck the high-temperature and toxic smoke into the smoke exhaust duct and discharge it from the tunnel.

[0003] According to the provisions of Article 12.3 of the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GB50016-2014), tunnels with a length greater than 3000 meters should preferably adopt the longitudinal sectional smoke exhaust method or the key smoke exhaust method. As a form of key smoke exhaust, although many scholars have conducted extensive research on the calculation method of the smoke exhaust volume of the involved fans, no effective control method for the operating conditions of the smoke exhaust fans has been proposed for the actual control and smoke exhaust task requirements in engineering practice.

[0004] In the practice of smoke exhaust for tunnel fires, the location of the accident and the vehicle on fire is often random, and the scale of the fire varies. When the distance between the fire source and the two smoke exhaust outlets at both ends is the same and the speed of smoke spreading to both ends is also the same, the strategy of balanced smoke exhaust (that is, the smoke exhaust fans at the smoke exhaust outlets on both sides adjacent to the fire source provide the same exhaust air volume) can be adopted. However, its applicable conditions are too idealized and do not have good robustness. In actual situations, it often occurs that the fire source is very close to one of the smoke exhaust outlets or the tunnel has a certain slope. In the former case, if the fan on the other side is turned on in advance and only sucks air before the smoke spreads to this smoke exhaust outlet, it will instead lead to a deterioration in the stability of the smoke exhaust system and is not conducive to the smoke exhaust task. In the latter case, the smoke has a tendency to spread uphill. In specific situations such as too large a slope, the smoke may even stagnate before it can spread to the smoke exhaust outlet on the downhill side. In addition, if the scale of the fire is small, the heat release rate of the fire source is low, and the amount of smoke generated is small, if the smoke exhaust fans are blindly set to operate at full frequency all the time, there will be an over-smoke exhaust situation. The excessive exhaust air volume of the fans will cause disorders and suction-through phenomena in the smoke layer in the smoke exhaust environment and at the smoke exhaust outlets, resulting in a reduction in the smoke exhaust efficiency.

[0005] To address the above problems, for tunnel fires in different situations, it has become an urgent problem to be solved when and whether to turn on the specified smoke exhaust fans during the smoke exhaust process, how to adjust the exhaust air volume of the smoke exhaust fans according to the actual smoke situation during the smoke exhaust process, how to reasonably distribute the exhaust air volume of the smoke exhaust fan combination and further effectively control the trend of smoke spreading, and efficiently discharge the toxic smoke from the tunnel. Therefore, a non-equilibrium control-smoke exhaust automatic adjustment control system and method for tunnel fires is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention follows the basic principle of first controlling the trend of fire smoke spreading and then ensuring the high-efficiency smoke exhaust of the system. When a tunnel fire occurs, the smoke spreads along the tunnel ceiling and has a tendency to pass through several smoke exhaust outlets in sequence. Under the technical solution provided by the present invention, each smoke exhaust outlet-smoke exhaust fan combination in the system will play the roles of smoke control and smoke exhaust according to the specific dynamic of the fire smoke: by selecting an appropriate safe spreading length outside the smoke exhaust outlet as the signal for successful smoke control, the system sets the smoke exhaust outlet-smoke exhaust fan combination that cannot control the smoke to the full-frequency operation state, and sets the smoke exhaust outlet-smoke exhaust fan combination that has successfully controlled the smoke to the smoke exhaust fan operation state under the best smoke exhaust efficiency.

[0007] The present invention provides a non-equilibrium control-smoke exhaust automatic adjustment control system and method for tunnel fires. The invention can independently and automatically control the start-stop and operation frequency of each smoke exhaust fan according to the real-time dynamic of the fire smoke in the tunnel for tunnel fires with different occurrence locations and fire source scales, further control its exhaust air volume and effectively control the spread of smoke.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a non-equilibrium control-smoke exhaust automatic adjustment control system for tunnel fires, the system comprising a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing and control algorithm module, a fan drive module, and an emergency handling module; The data acquisition module includes a temperature data acquisition module, a concentration data acquisition module, and a coordinate data storage module; the data acquisition module is responsible for collecting real-time fire parameters at the tunnel ceiling and the smoke exhaust outlet when a tunnel fire occurs; The data transmission module includes data signal transmission between the data acquisition module and the data processing and control algorithm module, and data signal transmission between the data processing and control algorithm module and the fan drive module; The data processing and control algorithm module includes a data reading module, a data operation module, a logic judgment module, a data cache module, and a control drive module; the data reading module reads and preprocesses the data obtained by the data acquisition module; the data operation module obtains dynamic information of fire smoke and operating conditions data of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan through algorithm formulas; the logic judgment module makes logical judgments on the smoke spread direction, spread trend, and smoke exhaust efficiency at the smoke exhaust outlet at each frequency by judging and comparing the change trends of the data collected by each sensor and device; the data cache module temporarily stores the data that needs to be logically judged during the operation of the system; the control drive module further calculates the required operating frequency of the frequency converter from the operating conditions data of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan obtained by the data operation module, and at the same time generates a message instruction for controlling the frequency converter and uses this to perform opening, closing, and frequency adjustment operations on the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan; the control drive module is also responsible for controlling the opening operation of the smoke exhaust outlet; After receiving the message instruction transmission signal generated by the data processing and control algorithm module, the fan drive module controls the operating frequency of the frequency converter and further drives the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan to operate; When the emergency handling module meets the startup conditions, it opens another set of smoke exhaust outlet-smoke exhaust fan combinations downstream of the smoke spread direction.

[0009] Further, the temperature data acquisition module arranges temperature sensors at equal intervals along the tunnel ceiling; the concentration data acquisition module selects characteristic points at the tunnel smoke exhaust outlet section according to the specific smoke exhaust method and arranges a number of corresponding fire smoke concentration measuring devices; the coordinate data storage module stores the position coordinates of all sensors, devices, and smoke exhaust outlets arranged longitudinally along the tunnel.

[0010] Further, the dynamic information of the fire smoke includes the real-time smoke front spread speed and the real-time smoke exhaust efficiency at the smoke exhaust outlet, and the operating conditions data of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan includes the relative start-stop time and the exhaust air volume of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan.

[0011] Further, the startup condition of the emergency response module: The data acquisition module obtains a signal that a current set of smoke exhaust outlets - smoke exhaust fans cannot control the smoke, and the fire smoke continues to spread and the spread distance exceeds the specified safe spread length.

[0012] Further, the dynamic information of the fire smoke and the operating conditions of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fans are obtained and generated by the algorithm program in the data processing and control algorithm module.

[0013] Further, the data acquisition module sets a time step, and in each time step, it monitors the environmental parameters at the tunnel ceiling and the smoke exhaust outlets in real time; The data processing and control algorithm module executes program tasks related to parameter calculation, logical judgment, and hardware control.

[0014] Further, the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan startup control algorithm program in the data processing and control algorithm module is as follows: S1. When the temperature data acquisition module in the data acquisition module obtains abnormal parameters at the tunnel ceiling, the initial abnormal data coordinate is judged as the approximate fire source location; S2. When the smoke spreads along the tunnel ceiling, the average movement speed of the smoke front is calculated by dividing the layout distance between two sensors by the time interval of the abnormal parameters they collect; S3. The time for the smoke to spread to the smoke exhaust outlet at the above average movement speed of the smoke front is measured by dividing the distance between the sensor and the smoke exhaust outlet by the average movement speed of the smoke front obtained at this sensor; S4. Considering the time required for the fan to reach the full-frequency stable operation state, a system judgment startup countdown is obtained for each judgment, so that the corresponding variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan is in the full-frequency stable operation state when the smoke spreads to this smoke exhaust outlet, and then subsequent frequency reduction operations are performed to ensure that the smoke exhaust control function of each smoke exhaust outlet in the system is maximized at the initial moment of starting the smoke exhaust task.

[0015] The variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan shutdown control algorithm program in the data processing and control algorithm module is: When the smoke exhaust fan operates at full frequency and no abnormal signal is detected by the sensors on the smoke spread path, the fan is shut down.

[0016] Further, the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan startup and shutdown control algorithm program in the data processing and control algorithm module is as follows: S1. When a fire occurs in the tunnel, the smoke generated by the fire source accumulates and spreads on the ceiling of the tunnel driving space; the temperature data acquisition module arranged at equal intervals along the tunnel ceiling in the data acquisition module collects abnormal environmental parameters at the tunnel ceiling; S2. The logical judgment module in the data processing and control algorithm module judges that the initial abnormal data coordinate is the approximate fire source location , at the same time, the control driving module controls to open the two smoke exhaust outlets closest to this position; S3. Under the coordinated action of the data processing and control algorithm module and the fan driving module, when there are less than 3 sensors at the smoke exhaust outlet with the shortest distance, immediately turn on the smoke exhaust fan at this smoke exhaust outlet at full frequency; S4. When the distance from the smoke exhaust outlet is relatively far, and during the process of smoke spreading but not yet reaching the smoke exhaust outlet, multiple sensors successively detect abnormal environmental parameters, let , where , N is the number of sensors between the two side smoke exhaust outlets; S5. Calculate the average moving speed of the smoke front between two adjacent sensors , where are the position coordinates of each sensor, t is the time interval for detecting abnormal parameters between two sensors. For the smoke spreading to both sides, take and respectively; S6. The data operation module calculates separately from both sides with as the starting point, , …, and , , …, . When obtaining the average spreading speed of the smoke between it and the previous sensor, the data operation module further calculates , where is the distance between the sensor and the smoke exhaust outlet, is the average spreading speed of the smoke calculated between the sensor and , where or ; use the formula to calculate the time for the smoke to spread to the smoke exhaust outlet at this speed; S7. At this time, the system is set to turn on the smoke exhaust fan at this smoke exhaust outlet at full frequency after , where is the time required for the smoke exhaust fan to reach a stable full frequency operation; S8. When the smoke exhaust fan is running at full frequency, and the sensors , … on the smoke spreading path do not detect abnormal signals, turn off the fan, but still execute the above dynamic monitoring program for fire smoke spreading; S9. If ( ) or ( ), the flue gas spreads at a uniform speed or the spreading speed slows down; at this time, the data processing and control algorithm module obtains multiple values and judges their magnitudes. When , then is assigned the newly calculated value until when this update process ends; S10. If ( ) or ( ), the spreading speed of the flue gas increases; when the flue gas spreads to a certain sensor, the data processing and control algorithm module calculates , that is, when , immediately start the exhaust fan at the exhaust opening at full frequency.

[0017] Furthermore, a variable-frequency exhaust fan operating frequency adjustment algorithm program is set in the data processing and control algorithm module. After the exhaust fan is in a stable full-frequency operation state, as the variable-frequency operation of the exhaust fan frequency reduction operation proceeds, the exhaust efficiency levels at the exhaust openings at each frequency are obtained as the signal source for adjusting and determining the variable-frequency exhaust fan operating frequency; the specific steps are as follows: S1. For different tunnel structures and exhaust methods, calculate the real-time exhaust efficiency according to the weighted average of the real-time fire flue gas concentrations at different positions of the exhaust opening obtained by the concentration data acquisition module in the data acquisition module and the real-time exhaust air volume provided by the exhaust fan; S2. During the variable-frequency operation process of the exhaust fan frequency reduction operation, the system records the exhaust efficiency data at each frequency in the data cache module and inputs it to the logic judgment module for processing: set the number of steps for frequency reduction cutoff across the peak. When the exhaust efficiency data stored in the data cache module appears at the peak, the system will automatically control the exhaust fan to work at the operating frequency corresponding to this exhaust efficiency; S3. After the exhaust fan performs the frequency modulation operation, if the front of the flue gas appears to stagnate or the flue gas can be controlled within the specified safe spreading length, no further frequency modulation operation is required; if the front of the flue gas continues to spread downstream beyond the specified safe spreading length, the system controls the exhaust fan to perform an up-frequency operation to full frequency operation; at the same time, the system starts the emergency response module, that is, starts the exhaust task of the next set of exhaust opening - exhaust fan combinations in the flue gas spreading direction.

[0018] A working method for a non-equilibrium control - exhaust automatic adjustment control system for tunnel fires includes the following steps: S1. When a fire breaks out in the tunnel, the smoke generated by the fire source accumulates and spreads on the tunnel ceiling; the data acquisition module collects abnormal environmental parameters on the tunnel ceiling; it is judged that the approximate fire source position is at the initial abnormal data coordinates, and the two nearest smoke exhaust outlets are opened. S2. The data processing and control algorithm module judges the position of the smoke front by processing and analyzing the change trend of abnormal sensor data, and further obtains and updates its movement direction and speed. After logical operation and control, when the smoke front spreads to the smoke exhaust outlet, the smoke exhaust fan at this smoke exhaust outlet operates at a full frequency and is stable. S3. After the stable smoke exhaust task is started, the data acquisition module continuously collects the environmental parameters at the cross-section of the smoke exhaust outlet. According to the weighted average value of the real-time fire smoke concentration at different positions of the smoke exhaust outlet obtained by the data acquisition module and the real-time exhaust air volume provided by the smoke exhaust fan, the data processing and control algorithm module calculates the real-time smoke exhaust efficiency; the system controls the frequency reduction operation of the smoke exhaust fan. During the frequency reduction operation of the operating frequency of the smoke exhaust fan, the system records the smoke exhaust efficiency data at each frequency and automatically controls the smoke exhaust fan to operate at the operating frequency corresponding to the relative peak value of the smoke exhaust efficiency. S4. The data acquisition module continuously collects the environmental parameters on the tunnel ceiling downstream along the spreading direction of the smoke front; if the smoke front stagnates or the smoke is controlled within the specified safe spreading length, it is considered that the system has successfully controlled the smoke at this time; if the smoke front continues to spread downstream and exceeds the specified safe spreading length, the system adjusts the smoke exhaust fan to full frequency operation and starts the emergency disposal module, that is, opens the smoke exhaust task of the next group of smoke exhaust outlet - smoke exhaust fan combinations in the upper and lower directions of the smoke spreading direction according to the procedure.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Most of the existing automatic smoke exhaust technologies for tunnel fires adopt the method of simulating a huge database through supercomputing software. The relevant databases simulated for different situations include data such as the number of opened smoke exhaust outlets and the required exhaust air volume at each smoke exhaust outlet. When a tunnel fire occurs, the sensing device obtains the environmental parameters in the tunnel, and then selects the corresponding smoke exhaust strategy from the database according to the specific fire situation. However, since the number of fire situations caused by various accidents is countless, this method has the disadvantages of consuming huge computing resources and having poor generalization ability; if the database is not sufficient enough, it may lead to inaccurate selection of the system's smoke exhaust strategy. In addition, various situations in the actual fire scene are complex and changeable, and this method still has the problem of lacking robustness because the system cannot cope with the real-time mutation of the environment.

[0020] The system proposed by the present invention starts from the specific situation during an actual fire, can automatically control the operating state of the smoke exhaust fans according to the real-time dynamic of the spread of fire smoke in the tunnel, reasonably adjust the air volume exhausted by the smoke exhaust fans, and sequentially turn on a number of smoke exhaust port - smoke exhaust fan combinations on the smoke spread path according to a program. Each smoke exhaust port - smoke exhaust fan combination plays the role of either controlling smoke or exhausting smoke, and has good robustness.

[0021] The present invention acquires the approximate location of the fire occurrence in the tunnel and the real-time dynamic of the spread of fire smoke by collecting abnormal environmental parameters on the tunnel ceiling through sensing devices. An algorithm program is used to obtain smoke parameters such as the spread speed of the smoke front and the smoke exhaust efficiency of the fan at the smoke exhaust port, and automatically control the start, stop and operating frequency of the smoke exhaust fans, so as to control the fire smoke within a safe range. The interlock setting of the emergency disposal module ensures that the remaining combinations are started in case the air volume exhausted by a group of smoke exhaust port - smoke exhaust fan combinations in the system is insufficient, further effectively controlling the spread of fire smoke.

[0022] It should be noted that due to cost constraints in construction, the actual layout of sensors on the tunnel ceiling is often sparse. The approximate fire source location is not the precise location of the fire source, but the position coordinates of the abnormal parameter sensor first detected after the smoke has spread for a period of time. However, at present, many smoke exhaust methods use similar means to determine the fire source location and then adopt relevant smoke exhaust strategies, which has a certain impact on the accurate selection of smoke exhaust strategies. However, the present system and control method can be immune to this part of the error by real-time monitoring the dynamic of the smoke spread. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of the system module composition of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the system method construction of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the implementation step flow of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 It is a flow chart of the start and stop control of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 It is a flow chart of the adjustment control process of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan and the trigger operation process of the emergency disposal module in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the system method construction in the side smoke exhaust scenario of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure: 1. Data acquisition module, 11. Temperature data acquisition module, 12. Concentration data acquisition module, 13. Coordinate data storage module; Data transmission module, including data signal transmission between the data acquisition module, 21, and the data processing and control algorithm module, 22, and data signal transmission between the data processing and control algorithm module and the fan drive module; Data processing and control algorithm module, including a data reading module, 31, a data operation module, 32, a logical judgment module, 33, a data cache module, 34, and a control drive module, 35; 4. Fan drive module, 5. Emergency handling module. Specific implementation method

[0030] The object of the present invention is to provide a non-uniform control-smoke exhaust automatic adjustment control system and method for tunnel fires, which can independently and automatically control the start and stop and operating frequency of the smoke exhaust fans at each smoke exhaust port according to the real-time fire smoke dynamics in the tunnel for tunnel fires with different occurrence locations and fire source scales, further control their exhaust air volumes and effectively control the spread of smoke.

[0031] The following further describes the specific implementation method of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. The following embodiments or drawings are used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0032] A non-uniform control-smoke exhaust automatic adjustment control system and method for tunnel fires includes a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data processing and control algorithm module, a fan drive module, and an emergency handling module.

[0033] For the data acquisition module and the data processing and control algorithm module, the system sets a time step, and within each time step, it monitors the environmental parameters on the tunnel ceiling, in the smoke exhaust duct, and at the smoke exhaust port in real time; and executes program tasks such as relevant parameter operations, logical judgments, and hardware controls.

[0034] The data acquisition module includes a temperature data acquisition module, a concentration data acquisition module, and a coordinate data storage module; and is responsible for collecting the real-time fire parameters on the tunnel ceiling and at the smoke exhaust port when a tunnel fire occurs. The temperature data acquisition module arranges temperature sensors at equal intervals along the tunnel ceiling; the concentration data acquisition module arranges a number of corresponding fire smoke concentration measurement devices at characteristic points in the cross-section of the tunnel smoke exhaust port according to the specific smoke exhaust method; and the coordinate data storage module stores the position coordinates of all sensors, devices, and smoke exhaust ports arranged longitudinally along the tunnel.

[0035] The data transmission module includes data signal transmission between the data acquisition module and the data processing and control algorithm module, and between the data processing and control algorithm module and the fan drive module.

[0036] The data processing and control algorithm module includes a data reading module, a data calculation module, a logic judgment module, a data cache module and a control drive module. The data reading module reads and preprocesses the data obtained by the data acquisition module; the data calculation module obtains the real-time smoke front spreading speed, the real-time smoke exhaust efficiency at the smoke exhaust port and other fire smoke dynamic information and smoke exhaust fan operation condition data such as the relative time of smoke exhaust fan start and stop, exhaust volume, etc. through the algorithm formula; the logic judgment module makes a logical judgment on the smoke spreading direction, spreading trend and smoke exhaust efficiency at the smoke exhaust port at each frequency by judging and comparing the changing trend of the data collected by each sensor and device; the data cache module temporarily stores the data that needs to be logically judged during the operation of the system; the control drive module further calculates the required operating frequency of the frequency converter from the smoke exhaust fan operation condition data obtained by the data calculation module, and the system automatically generates a message instruction for controlling the frequency converter and uses it to start and stop the smoke exhaust fan and adjust the frequency; in addition, the control drive module is also responsible for controlling the opening operation of the smoke exhaust port.

[0037] The data processing and control algorithm module is provided with relevant algorithm programs. The abnormal parameters of the tunnel ceiling sensor (the temperature measured by the temperature sensor shows a significant increase in temperature) are obtained as a signal source for controlling the start and stop status of the smoke exhaust fan; the smoke exhaust efficiency at the smoke exhaust port at each frequency is obtained as a signal source for adjusting and determining the operating frequency of the variable frequency smoke exhaust fan.

[0038] Furthermore, according to the algorithm program design: when the temperature data acquisition module in the data acquisition module obtains the abnormal parameters of the tunnel ceiling, the initial abnormal data coordinates are judged as the approximate fire source location. When smoke spreads along the tunnel ceiling, the average movement speed of the smoke front is calculated by the quotient of the arrangement distance between the two sensors and the time interval for collecting the abnormal parameters; the time for the smoke to spread to the smoke exhaust port at the above average movement speed of the smoke front is calculated by the quotient of the distance between the sensor and the smoke exhaust port and the average movement speed of the smoke front obtained at the sensor; considering the time required for the fan to reach the full frequency stable operation state, each judgment obtains a system judgment countdown to start the fan, so that the corresponding smoke exhaust fan is in a full frequency stable operation state when the smoke spreads to this smoke exhaust port, and then performs subsequent frequency reduction operations to ensure that each smoke exhaust port of the system maintains the maximum smoke exhaust control function at the initial moment of starting the smoke exhaust task.

[0039] Furthermore, according to the algorithm program design: Taking into account the changeable trend of smoke spread in tunnel fires, and the situations in which the average movement speed of the smoke front obtained at each sensor increases, slows down, and remains unchanged, a corresponding precise fan start-up countdown update and iteration mechanism is set to enhance the stability and robustness of the system.

[0040] Further, according to the algorithm program design: when the smoke exhaust fan operates at full frequency and sensors on the smoke spread path do not detect abnormal signals, considering that the smoke is stagnant at this time, the fan is turned off, but the above-mentioned dynamic monitoring program for fire smoke spread is still executed to prevent the smoke from spreading further.

[0041] Further, according to the algorithm program design: for different tunnel structures and smoke exhaust methods, the real-time smoke exhaust efficiency is calculated based on the weighted average of the real-time fire smoke concentrations at different positions of the smoke exhaust outlets obtained by the concentration data acquisition module in the data acquisition module and the real-time air volume exhausted by the smoke exhaust fan. During the process of reducing the operating frequency of the smoke exhaust fan, the system records the smoke exhaust efficiency data at each frequency in the data cache module and inputs it to the logic judgment module for processing: on the premise of setting appropriate step numbers for reducing the frequency across the peak, when the smoke exhaust efficiency data stored in the data cache module reaches a peak, the system will automatically control the smoke exhaust fan to operate at its corresponding operating frequency.

[0042] Further, according to the algorithm program design: after the smoke exhaust fan performs a frequency modulation operation, if the smoke front stagnates or the smoke can be controlled within the specified safe spread length, considering that the system has successfully controlled the smoke at this time and no further frequency modulation operation is required; if the smoke front continues to spread downstream beyond the specified safe spread length, the system controls the smoke exhaust fan to increase its frequency to full frequency operation. At the same time, the system starts the emergency disposal module, that is, it activates the smoke exhaust task of the next set of smoke exhaust outlets - smoke exhaust fan combinations in the smoke spread direction.

[0043] Further, each step of the control process of the smoke exhaust fan in the above algorithm program automatically generates a message instruction for controlling the frequency converter and uses this to control the frequency of the frequency converter.

[0044] The described fan drive module, after receiving the message transmission signal, controls the operating frequency of the frequency converter and further drives the smoke exhaust fan to operate.

[0045] Further, for different combinations of smoke exhaust fans and frequency converters, the relationship between the air volume exhausted and the frequency needs to be linearly fitted. The system provides a variable frequency control system that can directly control the air volume exhausted by the smoke exhaust fan. In addition to being automatically controlled by the system, the operating conditions of the smoke exhaust fan can also be manually controlled.

[0046] For the described emergency response module, when all of the above control processes are executed but the data acquisition module and the data processing and control algorithm module obtain a signal that the smoke front continues to spread downstream and exceeds the specified safe spread length, it is determined that the set of smoke exhaust outlets - smoke exhaust fans in this smoke spread direction cannot control the trend of smoke spread. At this time, the above-mentioned dynamic monitoring process of fire smoke spread is repeated, the emergency response module is activated, and the smoke exhaust task of the next set of smoke exhaust outlets - smoke exhaust fans in the smoke spread direction is started according to the procedure. The relevant dynamic information of fire smoke and the operating conditions of the smoke exhaust fans are obtained and generated by the algorithm program in the data processing and control algorithm module.

[0047] Specifically, for the described control - smoke exhaust automatic control system and method, its working steps are as follows: S1. When a fire occurs in the tunnel, a large amount of toxic smoke is generated by the fire source and accumulates and spreads on the tunnel ceiling. The data acquisition module collects abnormal environmental parameters on the tunnel ceiling (the measured temperature of the temperature sensor shows a significant increase); it is judged that the approximate fire source position is at the initial abnormal data coordinate, and the two nearest smoke exhaust outlets are opened.

[0048] S2. The data processing and control algorithm module judges the position of the smoke front by processing and analyzing the change trend of abnormal sensor data, and further obtains and updates its movement direction and speed. Through logical operations, when the smoke front spreads to the smoke exhaust outlet, the smoke exhaust fan at this smoke exhaust outlet is in a full - frequency stable operation state.

[0049] S3. After the stable smoke exhaust task is started, the data acquisition module continuously collects the environmental parameters at the cross - section of the smoke exhaust outlet. According to the weighted average value of the real - time fire smoke concentration at different positions of the smoke exhaust outlet obtained by the data acquisition module and the real - time exhaust air volume provided by the smoke exhaust fan, the data processing and control algorithm module calculates the real - time smoke exhaust efficiency. The system controls the smoke exhaust fan to perform a frequency - reduction operation. During the frequency - reduction operation process of the operating frequency of the smoke exhaust fan, the system records the smoke exhaust efficiency data at each frequency and automatically controls the smoke exhaust fan to work at the operating frequency corresponding to the relative peak value of the smoke exhaust efficiency.

[0050] S4. The data acquisition module continuously collects the environmental parameters of the tunnel ceiling downstream along the smoke front spread direction. If the smoke front stalls or the smoke can be controlled within the specified safe spread length, it is considered that the system has successfully controlled the smoke at this time; when the heat release rate of the fire source is large enough and enough smoke is generated, if the smoke front continues to spread downstream and exceeds the specified safe spread length, the system adjusts the smoke exhaust fan to the full - frequency operation state and activates the emergency response module, that is, starts the smoke exhaust task of the next set of smoke exhaust outlets - smoke exhaust fans in the smoke spread direction according to the procedure. Embodiment 1

[0051] As Figure 2 、 Figure 3As shown in the figure, the smoke exhaust scenario in this embodiment is a one-way two-lane tunnel. The smoke exhaust ducts are arranged above the driving space and smoke exhaust outlets are arranged at a certain interval. Smoke exhaust fans that can be independently controlled by the system are respectively arranged inside each smoke exhaust outlet. Temperature sensors are arranged at equal intervals along the central axis of the tunnel driving space ceiling, and a fire smoke concentration measuring device with 3 rows and 3 columns is evenly arranged at the cross-section of the tunnel smoke exhaust outlet.

[0052] When a fire occurs in the tunnel, a large amount of toxic smoke generated by the fire source accumulates and spreads on the ceiling of the tunnel driving space. The temperature data acquisition module 11 arranged at equal intervals along the tunnel ceiling in the data acquisition module 1 acquires abnormal environmental parameters on the tunnel ceiling (the measured temperature of the temperature sensor shows a significant increase); the logic judgment module 33 in the data processing and control algorithm module 3 judges that the position at the initial abnormal data coordinate is approximately the fire source position. At the same time, the control driving module 35 is controlled to open the two nearest smoke exhaust outlets to this position. Under the coordinated action of the data processing and control algorithm module 3 and the fan driving module 4, when the number of sensors near the nearest smoke exhaust outlet is less than 3, the smoke exhaust fan at this smoke exhaust outlet is immediately turned on at full frequency; when the distance from the smoke exhaust outlet is relatively far, and during the process of smoke spreading but not reaching the smoke exhaust outlet, multiple sensors successively detect abnormal environmental parameters, let where and N is the number of sensors between the two side smoke exhaust outlets. Calculate the average moving speed of the smoke front between two adjacent sensors where is the position coordinate of each sensor, t is the time interval between detecting abnormal parameters between two sensors, and for the smoke spreading to both sides, and are respectively taken.

[0053] The data operation module 32 calculates from both sides with as the starting point, , …, and , , …, , taking one side ( , , …, ) of the smoke spreading direction as an example, for the sensors at the positions of , , …, , when obtaining the average spreading movement speed of the smoke between it and the previous sensor, the data operation module 32 further calculates where is the distance between the sensor and the smoke exhaust outlet. To calculate the average spread speed of the flue gas between the sensors and calculate the time for the flue gas to spread to the smoke exhaust outlet at this speed . Use equation to calculate the time for the flue gas to spread to the smoke exhaust outlet at this speed . At this time, the system setting will fully open the smoke exhaust fan at the smoke exhaust outlet after , where is the time required for the smoke exhaust fan to reach a stable full-frequency operation. When the smoke exhaust fan operates at full frequency and the sensors on the flue gas spread path , ... do not detect abnormal signals, it is considered that the flue gas has stagnated at this time, the fan is turned off, but the above dynamic monitoring program for the spread of fire flue gas is still executed to prevent the continuous spread of the flue gas

[0054] If , the flue gas spreads at a uniform speed or the spread speed slows down. At this time, the data processing and control algorithm module 3 calculates multiple values and judges the size of. When , then is assigned the newly calculated value until when this update process ends

[0055] If , the flue gas spread speed increases. When the flue gas spreads to a certain sensor, the data processing and control algorithm module 3 calculates , that is , immediately fully open the smoke exhaust fan at this smoke exhaust outlet. The start-stop control flow chart of the above variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan is as shown in Figure 4 shown

[0056] After the smoke exhaust fan operates at full frequency, the smoke exhaust task starts. The concentration data acquisition module 12 evenly arranged in the tunnel smoke exhaust outlet section in the data acquisition module 1 continuously acquires the environmental parameters at the smoke exhaust outlet section, and calculates the real-time smoke exhaust efficiency according to the weighted average value of the real-time fire flue gas concentration at different positions of the smoke exhaust outlet and the real-time exhaust air volume provided by the smoke exhaust fan. The system control performs a frequency reduction operation on the smoke exhaust fan. During the frequency reduction operation of the smoke exhaust fan operation frequency, the system records the smoke exhaust efficiency data at each frequency in the data cache module 34 and inputs it to the logic judgment module 33 for processing: on the premise of setting appropriate step numbers for crossing the peak frequency reduction cut-off, when the smoke exhaust efficiency data stored in the data cache module 34 appears at a peak, the system will automatically control the smoke exhaust fan to work at its corresponding operation frequency

[0057] After the exhaust fan performs a frequency reduction operation, the tunnel ceiling temperature data acquisition module 11 continuously acquires the environmental parameters of the downstream tunnel ceiling along the direction of the smoke front spread. After being judged by the data processing and control algorithm module 3: If the smoke front stagnates or the smoke can be controlled within the specified safe spread length, considering that the system has successfully controlled the smoke at this time and no further frequency modulation operation is required; if the smoke front continues to spread downstream beyond the maximum countercurrent length (4 H )(where H is the tunnel height), under the combined action of the data processing and control algorithm module 3 and the fan drive module 4, the system adjusts the exhaust fan to full frequency operation. At the same time, the system repeats the above-mentioned dynamic monitoring process of fire smoke spread and activates the emergency response module 5, that is, it starts the smoke exhaust task of the next set of smoke exhaust outlets - exhaust fan combinations in the direction of smoke spread according to the procedure. The above-mentioned variable frequency exhaust fan adjustment control process and the emergency response module trigger operation flow chart are as Figure 5 shown. Embodiment 2

[0058] As Figure 6 shown, the smoke exhaust scenario described in this embodiment is a one-way two-lane tunnel. The difference from the application scenario of Embodiment 1 is that the smoke exhaust duct is arranged on the side of the driving space and smoke exhaust outlets are arranged at a certain interval on the side wall. This application scenario is also more suitable for the structural characteristics of today's cross-sea (river) tunnels such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao undersea tunnel. Exhaust fans that can be independently controlled by the system are respectively arranged inside each smoke exhaust outlet; temperature sensors are arranged at equal intervals along the central axis of the tunnel driving space ceiling, and fire smoke concentration measuring devices are arranged in a 3-row and 3-column pattern evenly at the cross-section of the tunnel smoke exhaust outlet.

[0059] The monitoring of the dynamic smoke on the tunnel ceiling, the start-stop control of the variable frequency exhaust fan, the adjustment control process of the variable frequency exhaust fan, and the trigger operation method of the emergency response module described in Embodiment 1 are also applicable to the side smoke exhaust process where the smoke exhaust duct is arranged on the side of the driving space in this embodiment.

[0060] Obviously, the above embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic control and smoke exhaust adjustment control system for tunnel fires, characterized in that: The system includes a data acquisition module (1), a data transmission module (2), a data processing and control algorithm module (3), a fan drive module (4), and an emergency handling module (5); The data acquisition module (1) includes a temperature data acquisition module (11), a concentration data acquisition module (12), and a coordinate data storage module (13); the data acquisition module (1) is responsible for collecting real-time fire parameters at the tunnel ceiling and the smoke exhaust outlet when a tunnel fire occurs; The data transmission module (2) includes a data signal transmission (21) between the data acquisition module (1) and the data processing and control algorithm module (3), and a data signal transmission (22) between the data processing and control algorithm module (3) and the fan drive module (4); The data processing and control algorithm module (3) includes a data reading module (31), a data operation module (32), a logical judgment module (33), a data cache module (34), and a control drive module (35); the data reading module (31) reads and preprocesses the data obtained by the data acquisition module (1); the data operation module (32) obtains dynamic information of fire smoke and operating condition data of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan through algorithm formulas; The logical judgment module (33) makes logical judgments on the smoke spread direction, spread trend, and the smoke exhaust efficiency at the smoke exhaust outlet at each frequency by judging and comparing the change trends of the data collected by each sensor and device; the data cache module (34) temporarily stores the data that needs to be logically judged during the operation of the system; the control drive module (35) further calculates the required operating frequency of the frequency converter from the operating condition data of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan obtained by the data operation module (32), and at the same time generates a message instruction for controlling the frequency converter and uses this to perform opening, closing, and frequency adjustment operations on the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan; the control drive module (35) is also responsible for controlling the opening operation of the smoke exhaust outlet; After receiving the message instruction transmission signal generated by the data processing and control algorithm module (3), the fan drive module (4) controls the operating frequency of the frequency converter and further drives the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan to operate; When the emergency handling module (5) meets the start condition, it opens another set of smoke exhaust outlet - smoke exhaust fan combinations downstream of the smoke spread direction.

2. The non-equilibrium control - smoke exhaust automatic adjustment control system for tunnel fires according to claim 1, wherein: The temperature data acquisition module (11) arranges temperature sensors at equal intervals along the tunnel ceiling; the concentration data acquisition module (12) arranges a number of corresponding fire smoke concentration measuring devices at characteristic points in the cross-section of the tunnel smoke exhaust outlet according to the specific smoke exhaust method; the coordinate data storage module (13) stores the position coordinates of all sensors, devices, and smoke exhaust outlets arranged longitudinally along the tunnel.

3. The non-equilibrium control - smoke exhaust automatic adjustment control system for tunnel fires according to claim 1, wherein: The dynamic information of the fire smoke includes the real-time spread speed of the smoke front and the real-time smoke exhaust efficiency at the smoke exhaust outlet, and the operating condition data of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan includes the start-stop relative time and the exhaust air volume of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan.

4. The automatic control and smoke exhaust adjustment control system for tunnel fires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The startup condition of the emergency response module (5): The data acquisition module (1) obtains a signal that a current set of smoke exhaust outlets - smoke exhaust fans cannot control the smoke, and the fire smoke continues to spread and the spread distance exceeds the specified safe spread length.

5. The automatic regulation and control system for unbalanced smoke control and exhaust in a tunnel fire according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dynamic information of the fire smoke and the operating conditions of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fans are obtained and generated by the algorithm program in the data processing and control algorithm module (3).

6. The automatic regulation and control system for unbalanced smoke control and exhaust in a tunnel fire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition module (1) sets a time step, and monitors the environmental parameters at the tunnel ceiling and the smoke exhaust outlets in real time within each time step; The data processing and control algorithm module (3) executes program tasks such as relevant parameter operations, logical judgments, and hardware control.

7. An automatic control and smoke exhaust self - adjusting control system for tunnel fires according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan startup control algorithm program in the data processing and control algorithm module (3) is as follows: S1. When the temperature data acquisition module (11) in the data acquisition module (1) obtains abnormal parameters at the tunnel ceiling, the initial abnormal data coordinate is judged as the approximate fire source position; S2. When the smoke spreads along the tunnel ceiling, the average movement speed of the smoke front is calculated by dividing the layout distance between two sensors by the time interval of the abnormal parameters they collect; S3. The time for the smoke to spread to the smoke exhaust outlet at the above average movement speed of the smoke front is measured by dividing the distance between the sensor and the smoke exhaust outlet by the average movement speed of the smoke front obtained at this sensor; S4. Considering the time required for the fan to reach the full-frequency stable operation state, a system judgment startup countdown is obtained for each judgment, so that the corresponding variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan is in the full-frequency stable operation state when the smoke spreads to this smoke exhaust outlet, and then subsequent frequency reduction operations are performed to ensure that the smoke exhaust control function of each smoke exhaust outlet in the system is maximized at the initial moment of starting the smoke exhaust task; The variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan shutdown control algorithm program in the data processing and control algorithm module (3) is: When the smoke exhaust fan operates at full frequency and no abnormal signal is detected by the sensors on the smoke spread path, the fan is shut down.

8. The automatic regulation and control system for unbalanced smoke control and exhaust in a tunnel fire according to claim 7, characterized in that: The variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan startup and shutdown control algorithm program in the data processing and control algorithm module (3) is: S1. When a fire occurs in the tunnel, the smoke generated by the fire source accumulates and spreads on the ceiling of the tunnel driving space; the temperature data acquisition module (11) arranged at equal intervals along the tunnel ceiling in the data acquisition module (1) collects abnormal environmental parameters of the tunnel ceiling; S2. In the data processing and control algorithm module (3), the logic judgment module (33) determines that the coordinates of the initial abnormal data are approximately the location of the fire source , and at the same time, the control drive module (35) controls the opening of the two smoke exhaust outlets closest to this location; S3. Under the coordinated action of the data processing and control algorithm module (3) and the fan drive module (4), when there are less than 3 sensors at the smoke exhaust outlet with the shortest distance, immediately start the smoke exhaust fan at this smoke exhaust outlet at full frequency; S4. When is far from the smoke exhaust outlet, and during the process of smoke spreading but not yet reaching the smoke exhaust outlet, multiple sensors successively detect abnormal environmental parameters, making , where , N is the number of sensors between the two smoke exhaust outlets; S5. Calculate the average moving speed of the flue gas front between adjacent sensors , where are the position coordinates of each sensor, t is the time interval between the detection of abnormal parameters between two sensors. For the flue gas spreading to both sides, take and ; S6. The data operation module (32) starts from and calculates separately towards both sides , , …, and , , …, . When obtaining the average spread movement speed of the flue gas between it and the previous sensor, the data operation module (32) further calculates , where is the distance between the sensor and the smoke exhaust port, is the average spread speed of the flue gas calculated between the sensor and . Among them, or ; Use the formula to calculate the time for the flue gas to spread to the smoke exhaust port at this speed; S7. At this time, the system setting will turn on the smoke exhaust fan at this smoke exhaust opening at full frequency after , where is the time required for the smoke exhaust fan to reach stable full-frequency operation. S8. When the smoke exhaust fan operates at full frequency and sensors on the smoke spread path , ... do not detect abnormal signals, turn off the fan, but still execute the above dynamic monitoring program for fire smoke spread; S9. When is satisfied or is satisfied , the flue gas spreads uniformly or the spreading speed slows down; at this time, the data processing and control algorithm module (3) obtains multiple values and judges their magnitudes. When is the case, then is assigned the newly calculated value until is reached to end this update process; S10. If ( ) or ( ), the smoke spread speed increases. When the smoke spreads to a certain sensor, the data processing and control algorithm module (3) calculates , that is, , immediately start the smoke exhaust fan at this smoke exhaust opening at full frequency.

9. The automatic control and smoke exhaust non-equilibrium automatic adjustment control system for tunnel fire according to claim 1, wherein The data processing and control algorithm module (3) sets a variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan operating frequency adjustment algorithm program. After the smoke exhaust fan is in the full-frequency stable operation state, as the frequency reduction operation of the smoke exhaust fan progresses, the exhaust efficiency levels at the smoke exhaust outlets at each frequency are obtained as the signal source for adjusting and determining the operating frequency of the variable-frequency smoke exhaust fan; the specific steps are as follows: S1. For different tunnel structures and smoke exhaust methods, calculate the real-time smoke exhaust efficiency according to the weighted average of the real-time fire smoke concentration at different positions of the smoke exhaust outlet obtained by the concentration data acquisition module (12) in the data acquisition module (1) and the real-time exhaust air volume provided by the smoke exhaust fan. S2. During the process of reducing the operating frequency of the smoke exhaust fan, the system records the smoke exhaust efficiency data at each frequency in the data cache module (34) and inputs it to the logic judgment module (33) for processing: set the number of steps for reducing the frequency to cross the peak. When the smoke exhaust efficiency data stored in the data cache module (34) appears at the peak, the system will automatically control the smoke exhaust fan to operate at the operating frequency corresponding to the smoke exhaust efficiency. S3. After the smoke exhaust fan performs the frequency modulation operation, if the smoke front stagnates or the smoke can be controlled within the specified safe spread length, there is no need for further frequency modulation operation; if the smoke front continues to spread downstream beyond the specified safe spread length, the system controls the smoke exhaust fan to increase the frequency to full frequency operation; at the same time, the system activates the emergency response module (5), that is, starts the smoke exhaust task of the next set of smoke exhaust outlets - smoke exhaust fan combinations in the direction of smoke spread.

10. The working method of an automatic control and smoke exhaust system for tunnel fire with non-uniform control, as claimed in claim 1, wherein It includes the following steps: S1. When a fire occurs in the tunnel, the smoke generated by the fire source accumulates and spreads on the tunnel ceiling; the data acquisition module (1) collects the abnormal environmental parameters on the tunnel ceiling; it is judged that the approximate fire source position is at the coordinate of the initial abnormal data, and the two nearest smoke exhaust outlets are opened. S2. The data processing and control algorithm module (3) judges the position of the smoke front by processing and analyzing the change trend of abnormal sensor data, and further obtains and updates its movement direction and speed. After logical operation, when the smoke front spreads to the smoke exhaust outlet, the smoke exhaust fan at this smoke exhaust outlet is in a stable full-frequency operation state. S3. After starting the stable smoke exhaust task, the data acquisition module (1) continuously collects the environmental parameters at the cross-section of the smoke exhaust outlet. According to the weighted average of the real-time fire smoke concentration at different positions of the smoke exhaust outlet obtained by the data acquisition module (1) and the real-time exhaust air volume provided by the smoke exhaust fan, the data processing and control algorithm module (3) calculates the real-time smoke exhaust efficiency; the system controls the smoke exhaust fan to perform a frequency reduction operation. During the process of reducing the operating frequency of the smoke exhaust fan, the system records the smoke exhaust efficiency data at each frequency and automatically controls the smoke exhaust fan to operate at the operating frequency corresponding to the relative peak of the smoke exhaust efficiency. S4. The data acquisition module (1) continuously collects the environmental parameters on the tunnel ceiling downstream along the direction of smoke front spread; if the smoke front stagnates or the smoke is controlled within the specified safe spread length, it is considered that the system has successfully controlled the smoke at this time; if the smoke front continues to spread downstream and exceeds the specified safe spread length, the system adjusts the smoke exhaust fan to full frequency operation and activates the emergency response module (5), that is, starts the smoke exhaust task of the next set of smoke exhaust outlets - smoke exhaust fan combinations in the direction of smoke spread according to the procedure.

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