Pre-splitting blasting charging equipment, pre-splitting blasting device and pre-splitting blasting method

Abstract

The invention discloses pre-splitting blasting charging equipment, a pre-splitting blasting device and a pre-splitting blasting method, which can enhance energy distribution in the direction of a pre-splitting surface, improve the energy utilization rate of stress waves generated by blasting and reduce damage to reserved rock mass during pre-splitting blasting. The presplitting blasting charging equipment comprises an outer sleeve and an inner core structural body. And the other end of the outer sleeve forms an opening. The inner core structural body comprises an inner pipe and two energy gathering plates; the inner tube is arranged in the center of the outer sleeve and is used for filling a detonating cord; the two energy gathering plates are arranged on the two opposite sides of the inner pipe in a back-to-back mode, the energy gathering plates are symmetrical, the symmetrical planes of the energy gathering plates are the presplitting faces of the presplitting blast holes, and each energy gathering plate and the inner side wall of the outer sleeve form an energy gathering cavity in a surrounding mode and used for containing finished cartridges. The finished product cartridge is fixed in the two energy gathering cavities, so that stress waves generated when the finished product cartridge explodes can be spread in the direction of the pre-splitting face of the pre-splitting blast hole under the energy gathering reflection effect of the energy gathering cavities.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of blasting engineering, and particularly relates to a presplitting blasting charging device, a presplitting blasting device and a presplitting blasting method. Background Art

[0002] Presplitting blasting is a commonly used controlled blasting method for the excavation construction of the boundary slopes of open-pit mines. Its basic principle is to arrange a row of closely spaced blast holes with a smaller hole spacing along the designed contour line as presplitting blast holes, and adopt the weak charging and decoupling charging methods. The explosive detonates before the blast holes in the main blasting area, forming a penetrating presplitting crack or a micro-fractured zone with a certain width and depth, so as to separate the blasted rock mass (the rock mass in the main blasting area) from the reserved rock mass. At present, presplitting blasting is widely used in blasting construction under complex geological conditions, such as blasting construction of the boundary slopes of open-pit mines, hydraulic structures, traffic cuttings and dockyards.

[0003] However, in the traditional presplitting blasting construction method, the stress waves generated by blasting propagate randomly in all directions of the blast holes. The energy distribution for forming the presplitting crack or the micro-fractured zone is less, the energy utilization rate of the stress waves generated by blasting is low, and the stress waves propagating to the reserved rock mass will also cause a certain degree of damage to the reserved rock mass. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a presplitting blasting charging device, a presplitting blasting device and a presplitting blasting method aiming at the above-mentioned deficiencies existing in the prior art, which can enhance the energy distribution in the direction of the presplitting surface, improve the energy utilization rate of the stress waves generated by blasting, so as to reduce the damage to the reserved rock mass during presplitting blasting.

[0005] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a presplitting blasting charging device, which includes an outer sleeve and an inner core structure. One end of the outer sleeve is blocked, and the other end forms an opening. The inner core structure is arranged inside the outer sleeve and extends longitudinally along the outer sleeve; the inner core structure includes an inner tube and two shaped charges. The inner tube is arranged at the center of the outer sleeve and is used for loading detonating cord; the two shaped charges are arranged back to back on the opposite sides of the inner tube, the shaped charge is of a symmetric shape, and its symmetric plane is the presplitting surface of the presplitting blast hole. Each shaped charge forms a shaped charge cavity with the inner side wall of the outer sleeve for accommodating finished cartridges. By fixing the finished cartridges in the two shaped charge cavities, the stress waves generated when the finished cartridges explode can propagate along the direction of the presplitting surface of the presplitting blast hole under the shaped charge reflection effect of the shaped charge cavity, so as to improve the energy distribution in the direction of the presplitting surface.

[0006] In some embodiments, a space within the outer sleeve, between the two energy concentrating plates and on the side close to the reserved rock mass, forms a buffer cavity, which is used to fill buffer material so that the buffer material buffers and absorbs the stress waves transmitted to the buffer cavity.

[0007] In some embodiments, the inner core structure further includes a retaining wall curved panel and a buffer cavity sealing plate. The retaining wall curved panel is located on the side of the inner tube of the outer sleeve close to the reserved rock mass and fits on the inner side wall of the outer sleeve; in the cross-section of the pre-splitting blasting charging device, both ends of the retaining wall curved panel are respectively and hermetically connected to one end of each of the two energy concentrating plates, and together with the two energy concentrating plates, they enclose the buffer cavity. The buffer cavity sealing plate is arranged at the bottom of the buffer cavity and is used to seal the bottom of the buffer cavity. The remaining space inside the outer sleeve except the buffer cavity is used to fill Newtonian fluid.

[0008] In some embodiments, the inner core structure is slidably arranged inside the outer sleeve; multiple pairs of arc-shaped ear grooves are arranged along the length direction of the outer side of the inner tube, and each pair of arc-shaped ear grooves is arranged at the same height of the inner tube. The pre-splitting blasting charging device further includes a cartridge clamping assembly, and the cartridge clamping assembly includes two columns of cartridge clamping structural members arranged in parallel. Each column of cartridge clamping structural members includes multiple cartridge clamping structural members arranged along the length direction of the inner tube, and the two columns of cartridge clamping structural members are respectively arranged in the two energy concentrating cavities; each cartridge clamping structural member is clamped in a pair of arc-shaped ear grooves and is used to fix the finished cartridge in the corresponding energy concentrating cavity.

[0009] In some embodiments, the cartridge clamping structural member includes a hanging ear connecting bridge, hanging ears, and an elastic cartridge hoop. The hanging ears are fixedly arranged in pairs on one side of the hanging ear connecting bridge; the hanging ears are adapted to the arc-shaped ear grooves, and each pair of hanging ears is clamped in a pair of arc-shaped ear grooves to fix the hanging ear connecting bridge in the energy concentrating cavity outside the inner tube. The elastic cartridge hoop is fixed on the side of the hanging ear connecting bridge opposite to the hanging ears; the cross-section of the elastic cartridge hoop is arc-shaped and is used to clamp and fix the finished cartridge through the opening of the elastic cartridge hoop so as to fix the finished cartridge in the energy concentrating cavity.

[0010] In some embodiments, a plurality of inner tube windows are opened on the inner wall of the inner tube, and the positions of the plurality of inner tube windows correspond to the positions of the plurality of finished cartridges, so that the explosion energy of the detonating cord is transmitted to the finished cartridges through the inner tube windows to detonate the finished cartridges.

[0011] Accordingly, the pre-splitting blasting charging device provided by the embodiments of the present invention is provided with an outer sleeve, with one end of the outer sleeve blocked and the other end formed with an opening, which facilitates loading the inner core structure body and the finished explosive cartridges into the outer sleeve. By providing an inner tube, the inner tube can be used to load detonating cords to detonate the finished explosive cartridges; by providing two shaped charge plates on opposite sides of the inner tube, each shaped charge plate can enclose a shaped charge cavity with the inner side wall of the outer sleeve to accommodate the finished explosive cartridges; at the same time, by making the shaped charge plates symmetric in shape and the symmetry plane thereof be the pre-splitting surface of the pre-splitting blast hole, when the energy of the stress wave generated by the explosion of the finished explosive cartridges fixed in the shaped charge cavity propagates to the arc-shaped shaped charge plates, the energy will be reflected by the shaped charge plates and propagate in the direction of the opening of the shaped charge plates, that is, along the pre-splitting surface direction, and merge with the stress wave generated directly in the direction of the opening of the shaped charge plates after the detonation of the finished explosive cartridges, playing a good role in directional energy propagation, enhancing the energy distribution in the pre-splitting surface direction, thereby forming a pre-splitting crack with better quality near the pre-splitting surface, achieving a better pre-splitting blasting effect, and improving the energy utilization rate of the stress wave generated by the blasting. Moreover, since the energy of the stress wave generated by the detonation of the finished explosive cartridges and propagating in the directions on both sides of the pre-splitting surface is reduced after being reflected by the shaped charge plates, the damage to the reserved rock mass during pre-splitting blasting can be reduced.

[0012] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present invention further provide a pre-splitting blasting device, which includes the pre-splitting blasting charging device, detonating cords and finished explosive cartridges in the first aspect. The detonating cords are arranged in the inner tube of the pre-splitting blasting charging device. The number of the finished explosive cartridges is multiple, and the multiple finished explosive cartridges are located in the two shaped charge cavities.

[0013] In some embodiments, the pre-splitting blasting charging device is a pre-splitting blasting charging device provided with a buffer cavity. The buffer cavity is filled with buffer materials.

[0014] In some embodiments, the pre-splitting blasting charging device is a pre-splitting blasting charging device provided with arc-shaped ear grooves and cartridge clamping structural members 3. In each shaped charge cavity, multiple finished explosive cartridges close to the blocked end of the outer sleeve are in contact in sequence, and multiple finished explosive cartridges close to the opening of the outer sleeve are arranged at intervals in sequence.

[0015] In some embodiments, multiple finished explosive cartridges arranged at intervals in the two shaped charge cavities are arranged alternately in the two shaped charge cavities, and the interval positions in one shaped charge cavity correspond to the positions of the finished explosive cartridges in the other shaped charge cavity.

[0016] In some embodiments, in each shaped charge cavity, in the direction from the blocked end of the outer sleeve to the opening of the outer sleeve, the distance between two adjacent finished explosive cartridges gradually increases.

[0017] Thirdly, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a pre-splitting blasting method, which uses the pre-splitting blasting device in the second aspect. The method includes steps S1 - S2. S1. Place the pre-splitting blasting device in a pre-splitting blast hole preset in the main blasting area, so that the symmetry plane of each shaped charge plate is the pre-splitting surface of the pre-splitting blast hole, and make the opening of the outer sleeve pipe face the outside of the pre-splitting blast hole; lead the detonating cord out of the pre-splitting blast hole; S2. Detonate the detonating cord to detonate the finished cartridge in the shaped charge cavity.

[0018] In some embodiments, the number of the pre-splitting blast holes preset in the main blasting area is multiple, and the centers of the multiple pre-splitting blast holes are located on the same pre-splitting surface; the number of the pre-splitting blasting charging devices is the same as the number of the pre-splitting blast holes, and one pre-splitting blasting charging device is arranged in each pre-splitting blast hole. After step S1 and before step S2, the method further includes: step S11: Repeat step S1 until all the pre-splitting blasting devices are placed in all the pre-splitting blast holes and all the detonating cords are led out of the corresponding pre-splitting blast holes. Step S2 specifically includes: Connect all the detonating cords together; Detonate all the detonating cords to detonate the finished cartridges in all the pre-splitting blast holes.

[0019] The pre-splitting blasting device and the pre-splitting blasting method provided by the embodiment of the present invention have the same beneficial effects as the above-mentioned pre-splitting blasting charging device, which will not be elaborated here. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 : A structural diagram of a pre-splitting blasting charging device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 : A structural diagram of an inner core structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 : A structural diagram of a pre-splitting blasting device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 : A schematic diagram of shaped charge focusing principle of a shaped charge plate provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 5 : A structural diagram of an arc-shaped ear groove on an inner pipe provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 : A structural diagram of a cartridge clamping structure member on an inner pipe provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 : A top view of a cartridge clamping structure member provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 8: The front view of a cartridge clamping structural member provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 9 : The side view of a cartridge clamping structural member provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 10 : The schematic diagram of an elastic cartridge hoop provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 11 : The layout diagram of a finished cartridge provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Wherein, 1 - outer sleeve; 2 - inner core structure; 3 - cartridge clamping structural member; 4 - finished cartridge; 5 - detonating cord; 6 - buffer material; 7 - pre-splitting blast hole; 8 - Newtonian fluid; 9 - plugging device; 10 - plugging material; 21 - inner tube; 22 - shaped charge plate; 23 - retaining wall curved panel; 24 - buffer cavity;

[0032] 25 - arc ear groove; 26 - inner tube orifice; 27 - inner tube wall; 28 - inner tube window; 31 - hanging ear; 32 - hanging ear connecting bridge; 33 - elastic cartridge hoop. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0034] Embodiment 1:

[0035] As Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a pre-splitting blasting charging device, which is applied to pre-splitting blasting and is used to load and fix explosives in the pre-splitting blast holes of pre-splitting blasting, so that under the action of stress waves generated after the explosives in the pre-splitting blast holes explode, the rock mass on the side of the blasted rock mass is separated from the rock mass on the side of the reserved rock mass.

[0036] The pre-splitting surface of the pre-splitting blast hole is a preset plane when the rock mass on the side of the blasted rock mass and the rock mass on the side of the reserved rock mass are separated. Generally, the center line of the explosive in the pre-splitting blast hole coincides with the center line of the pre-splitting blast hole, and the center line of the pre-splitting blast hole is located on the pre-splitting surface of the pre-splitting blast hole. In the case where multiple pre-splitting blast holes need to be set in pre-splitting blasting, the center lines of multiple pre-splitting blast holes are all located on the pre-splitting surface of the pre-splitting blast holes, so that under the action of stress waves generated after the explosives in multiple pre-splitting blast holes explode, the rock mass on the side of the blasted rock mass is separated from the rock mass on the side of the reserved rock mass along the pre-splitting surface. Therefore, it can be understood that the position of the pre-splitting surface of the pre-splitting blast hole needs to be set according to the positions of the rock mass on the side of the blasted rock mass and the rock mass on the side of the reserved rock mass at the site.

[0037] For the convenience of description, in the drawings and the specification of the present invention, the pre-splitting surface of the pre-splitting blast holes is used as a horizontal plane for illustration and description (such as the plane where the dashed line is located in Figure 1 ).

[0038] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the pre-splitting blasting charging device includes an outer sleeve 1 and an inner core structure 2. One end of the outer sleeve 1 is blocked, and the other end forms an opening.

[0039] Exemplarily, the outer shape of the outer sleeve 1 is cylindrical, and the central axis of the outer sleeve 1 is located on the pre-splitting surface of the pre-splitting blast hole 7.

[0040] It can be understood that the outer sleeve 1 is a blind tube. This is convenient for loading the inner core structure 2 and the finished cartridge 4 into the outer sleeve 1.

[0041] Exemplarily, the material of the outer sleeve 1 can be plastic, for example, ordinary PVC (polyvinyl chloride) material, which is convenient for realizing the integral molding of the outer sleeve 1, facilitating batch processing, and reducing the processing cost of the pre-splitting blasting charging device.

[0042] Combined with Figure 3 , the outer diameter of the outer sleeve 1 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the pre-splitting blast hole 7, so that the outer sleeve 1 can be smoothly inserted into the pre-splitting blast hole 7 and is convenient for positioning after the outer sleeve 1 is inserted into the pre-splitting blast hole 7, making the central axis of the outer sleeve 1 basically coincide with the central axis of the pre-splitting blast hole 7. The lengths of the outer sleeve 1 and the inner core structure 2 are approximately equal to the designed charging length in the pre-splitting blast hole 7.

[0043] Combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the inner core structure 2 is arranged inside the outer sleeve 1 and extends longitudinally along the outer sleeve 1. The inner core structure 2 includes an inner tube 21 and two shaped charges 22. The inner tube 21 is arranged at the center of the outer sleeve 1 and is used for loading the detonating cord 5. The two shaped charges 22 are arranged back to back on the opposite sides of the inner tube 21. The shaped charges 22 are of a symmetric shape, and their symmetric plane is the pre-splitting surface of the pre-splitting blast hole 7. Each shaped charge 22 and the inner side wall of the outer sleeve 1 enclose a shaped charge cavity for accommodating the finished cartridge 4. By fixing the finished cartridge 4 in the two shaped charge cavities, the stress wave generated when the finished cartridge 4 explodes can propagate along the pre-splitting surface direction of the pre-splitting blast hole 7 under the shaped charge reflection effect of the shaped charge cavity, improving the energy distribution in the pre-splitting surface direction.

[0044] Exemplarily, the inner core structure 2 can be fixed inside the outer casing 1 and integrally formed with the outer casing 1. At this time, the material of the inner core structure 2 is the same as that of the outer casing 1. For example, the materials of both the inner core structure 2 and the outer casing 1 are PVC; alternatively, the inner core structure 2 can also be movably arranged inside the outer casing 1. At this time, the material of the inner core structure 2 can be the same as or different from that of the outer casing 1. For the convenience of manufacturing and reducing production costs, the material of the inner core structure 2 in this embodiment is PVC.

[0045] Exemplarily, the cross-sectional shape of the inner tube 21 can be annular, figure-eight-shaped, etc., as long as it can meet the requirement of loading the detonating cord 5. In order to save the internal space of the outer casing 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional shape of the inner tube 21 is annular.

[0046] Exemplarily, the inner diameter of the inner tube 21 is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the detonating cord 5 so that the detonating cord 5 can be smoothly loaded into the inner tube 21.

[0047] Exemplarily, both of the two shaped charges 22 are arranged on the inner tube wall 27 of the inner tube 21.

[0048] Exemplarily, the extending directions of both of the two shaped charges 22 are the same as the extending direction of the outer casing 1. For example, both of the two shaped charges 22 extend from the open end of the outer casing 1 to the sealing end of the outer casing 1.

[0049] Exemplarily, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the shapes of both of the two shaped charges 22 can be arc-shaped, V-shaped, etc. In the embodiment of the present invention, the shapes of both of the two shaped charges 22 are arc-shaped.

[0050] Exemplarily, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the concave surfaces of both of the two shaped charges 22 face the outside of the outer casing 1.

[0051] Combined with Figure 4 , the curvature of the shaped charge 22 satisfies that when the stress wave generated by the explosion of the finished cartridge 4 is reflected by the shaped charge 22, the propagation direction of the stress wave is parallel to the direction of the pre-splitting surface.

[0052] Exemplarily, the finished cartridge 4 can be placed and fixed in the two shaped charge cavities through auxiliary tools (such as bundling it to a thin bamboo strip or fixing it on the inner tube 21).

[0053] The working principle of the pre-splitting blasting charging device is: combined with Figure 1 and Figure 4, after the detonating cord 5 and the finished cartridges 4 are loaded into the presplitting blasting charging device, the finished cartridges 4 are detonated by the detonating cord 5. After the finished cartridges 4 are detonated, the energy of the stress wave propagates in all directions. The energy of the stress wave propagating to the arc-shaped shaped charge plate 22 will be reflected by the shaped charge plate 22 under the reflection effect and then propagate in the opening direction of the shaped charge plate 22 (i.e., along the presplitting surface direction), and merge with the stress wave directly propagating in the opening direction of the shaped charge plate 22 after the detonation of the finished cartridges 4, playing a good role in directional energy propagation and enhancing the energy distribution in the presplitting surface direction. At this time, the shaped charge plates 22 of multiple presplitting blast holes 7 face each other in pairs. The converging compressive stress wave energy meets in the rock mass between the holes and will form a strong tensile stress along both sides of the presplitting surface, and then form a presplitting crack with better quality near the presplitting surface, thus achieving a better presplitting blasting effect and improving the energy utilization rate of the stress wave generated by the blasting. And, as Figure 4 shown, because the energy of the stress wave propagating to both sides of the presplitting surface after the detonation of the finished cartridges 4 is reduced after being reflected by the shaped charge plate 22, the damage to the reserved rock mass during presplitting blasting is reduced.

[0054] Therefore, the presplitting blasting charging device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is provided with an outer sleeve 1, and one end of the outer sleeve 1 is blocked and the other end forms an opening, which is convenient for loading the inner core structure 2 and the finished cartridges 4 into the outer sleeve 1. By providing the inner tube 21, the inner tube 21 can be used to load the detonating cord 5 to detonate the finished cartridges 4; by providing two shaped charge plates 22 on opposite sides of the inner tube 21, each shaped charge plate 22 can form a shaped charge cavity with the inner side wall of the outer sleeve 1 to accommodate the finished cartridges 4; at the same time, by making the shaped charge plate 22 be a symmetric shape and making its symmetric plane be the presplitting surface of the presplitting blast hole 7, when the energy of the stress wave generated by the explosion of the finished cartridges 4 fixed in the shaped charge cavity propagates to the arc-shaped shaped charge plate 22, the energy will be reflected by the shaped charge plate 22 and propagate in the opening direction of the shaped charge plate 22 (i.e., along the presplitting surface direction), and merge with the stress wave directly propagating in the opening direction of the shaped charge plate 22 after the detonation of the finished cartridges 4, playing a good role in directional energy propagation and enhancing the energy distribution in the presplitting surface direction, so as to form a presplitting crack with better quality near the presplitting surface, achieve a better presplitting blasting effect, and improve the energy utilization rate of the stress wave generated by the blasting. And, because the energy of the stress wave propagating to both sides of the presplitting surface after the detonation of the finished cartridges 4 is reduced after being reflected by the shaped charge plate 22, the damage to the reserved rock mass during presplitting blasting can be reduced.

[0055] In some embodiments, in combination with Figures 1-4, the space within the outer sleeve 1, which is between the two energy concentrating plates 22 and close to the side of the reserved rock mass, forms a buffer cavity 24. The buffer cavity 24 is used to fill with buffer material 6 so that the buffer material 6 buffers and absorbs the stress waves propagating to the buffer cavity 24.

[0056] Exemplarily, as Figure 1 shown, in the cross-section of the pre-splitting blasting charging device, the shape of the buffer cavity 24 is approximately fan-shaped.

[0057] Exemplarily, the buffer material 6 is a material that can buffer and absorb the stress waves generated after the initiation of the finished explosive cartridge 4. For example, it can be rock cuttings, fine sand, etc.

[0058] Through the above settings, combined with Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the buffer material 6 can buffer and absorb the stress waves propagating to the buffer cavity 24, thereby reducing the energy of the stress waves propagating through the buffer cavity 24 to the side of the reserved rock mass, and further reducing the damage to the reserved rock mass caused by the stress waves propagating to the side of the reserved rock mass.

[0059] In some embodiments, combined with Figures 2-4 , the inner core structure 2 further includes a retaining wall curved panel 23 and a buffer cavity sealing plate. The retaining wall curved panel 23 is located on the side of the inner tube 21 in the outer sleeve 1 close to the reserved rock mass and fits on the inner side wall of the outer sleeve 1. In the cross-section of the pre-splitting blasting charging device, the two ends of the retaining wall curved panel 23 are respectively sealed and connected to one end of each of the two energy concentrating plates 22, and together with the two energy concentrating plates 22, enclose the above-mentioned buffer cavity 24. The buffer cavity sealing plate is arranged at the bottom of the buffer cavity 24 and is used to block the bottom of the buffer cavity 24. The remaining space inside the outer sleeve 1 except for the buffer cavity 24 is used to fill with Newtonian fluid 8.

[0060] Exemplarily, the retaining wall curved panel 23 and the buffer cavity sealing plate can be integrally formed with the two energy concentrating plates 22.

[0061] Exemplarily, the retaining wall curved panel 23 can be an arc-shaped panel, and the length of the retaining wall curved panel 23 is the same as the length of the energy concentrating plate 22, both extending from the open end of the outer sleeve 1 to the blocked end of the outer sleeve 1.

[0062] Exemplarily, the radius of curvature of the retaining wall curved panel 23 is slightly smaller than the radius of the inner side wall of the outer sleeve 1.

[0063] Exemplarily, the Newtonian fluid 8 can be water or other solutions. The finished explosive cartridge 4 is submerged in the Newtonian fluid 8.

[0064] The Newtonian fluid 8 is incompressible and can transmit the energy of stress waves better than air. The inventor has verified that the Newtonian fluid 8 can prolong the action time of the stress wave energy generated by the finished explosive roll 4 after detonation in the pre-splitting blasthole 7, reduce the peak pressure of the detonation wave in the pre-splitting blasthole 7, and thus reduce the blasting vibration intensity caused by the pre-splitting blasting, and reduce the impact of the harmful effects of the pre-splitting blasting vibration on the surrounding environment.

[0065] By providing a wall protection curved panel 23 and a buffer cavity sealing plate, the side and bottom of the buffer cavity 24 can be sealed, so that when the Newtonian fluid 8 is filled inside the outer sleeve 1, the Newtonian fluid 8 can be prevented from flowing into the buffer cavity 24, so as to prevent the Newtonian fluid 8 from mixing with the buffer material 6 in the buffer cavity 24 and affecting the buffer material 6's function of buffering and absorbing stress waves.

[0066] In the traditional pre-splitting blasting construction process, according to the designed charge and the distribution of the explosive rolls, tape is usually used to bundle the explosive rolls together with the detonating cord to thin bamboo strips or PVC pipes. After the bundling is complete, the processed explosive rolls are placed in the pre-splitting blasthole as a whole. This process requires the cooperation of multiple people to complete. When using bamboo pieces to process or lower the explosive rolls into the hole, it is easy to injure your hands with the burrs on the bamboo pieces; at the same time, when using PVC pipes to bundle the explosive rolls, the smooth surface of the PVC pipe makes it easy for the explosive rolls to slip. If you need to extend the bamboo pieces or PVC pipes, you need to use wire to tie and extend them, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In summary, the traditional pre-splitting blasting charging method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, occupies a large number of people, has poor safety, and is of low quality.

[0067] Based on this, in some embodiments, the inner core structure 2 is slidably disposed in the outer sleeve 1. Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the outer side of the inner tube 21 is provided with a plurality of pairs of arc-shaped ear grooves 25 along the length direction of the inner tube, and each pair of arc-shaped ear grooves 25 is provided at the same height of the inner tube 21. Figure 6 The pre-splitting blasting charging equipment also includes a medicine roll clamping assembly, which includes two rows of medicine roll clamping structural members 3 arranged in parallel, each row of medicine roll clamping structural members 3 includes a plurality of medicine roll clamping structural members 3 arranged along the length direction of the inner tube 21, and the two rows of medicine roll clamping structural members 3 are respectively arranged in two energy-gathering cavities; each medicine roll clamping structural member 3 is clamped in a pair of arc-shaped ear grooves 25, so as to fix the finished medicine roll 4 in the corresponding energy-gathering cavity.

[0068] Exemplarily, the maximum dimension of the inner core structure 2 is slightly smaller than the dimension of the inner wall of the outer sleeve 1 , so that the inner core structure 2 can be easily slid into the inner part of the outer sleeve 1 .

[0069] Exemplarily, the arc-shaped ear grooves 25 are arranged along the outer side wall of the inner tube 21. The positions of each pair of arc-shaped ear grooves 25 on the inner tube 21 are determined according to the positions of the finished cartridges 4. The arc-shaped ear grooves 25 can fix the positions of the cartridge clamping structural members 3, so as to fix the positions of the finished cartridges 4 through the cartridge clamping structural members 3.

[0070] Exemplarily, the arc-shaped ear grooves 25 are integrally formed with the inner tube 21.

[0071] In this case, the using method of the pre-splitting blasting charging device is as follows: First, pull out the inner core structure body 2 from the outer sleeve 1, load the detonating cord 5 into the inner tube 21, fix the finished cartridge 4 through the cartridge clamping structural member 3, and connect all the cartridge clamping structural members 3 to the arc-shaped ear grooves 25 to fix the finished cartridge 4 on the inner tube 21 of the inner core structure body 2. Slide the inner core structure body 2 into the outer sleeve 1, so that the finished cartridge 4 is fixed in the corresponding shaped charge cavity.

[0072] By connecting each cartridge clamping structural member 3 to a pair of arc-shaped ear grooves 25, the convenience of fixing the cartridge clamping structural member 3 on the arc-shaped ear grooves 25 can be improved, and the slipping of the finished cartridge 4 can be avoided.

[0073] Furthermore, the inner tube 21, the shaped charge plate 22, the wall protection curved plate 23, and the arc-shaped ear grooves 25 in the inner core structure body 2 are of an integrally formed structure to simplify the manufacturing process of the inner core structure body 2.

[0074] In some embodiments, as Figure 7 、 Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown, the cartridge clamping structural member 3 includes a hanging ear connecting bridge 32, hanging ears 31, and an elastic cartridge hoop 33. The hanging ears 31 are fixedly arranged in pairs on one side of the hanging ear connecting bridge 32; the hanging ears 31 are adapted to the arc-shaped ear grooves 25, and each pair of hanging ears 31 is connected to a pair of arc-shaped ear grooves 25 to fix the hanging ear connecting bridge 32 in the shaped charge cavity outside the inner tube 21. The elastic cartridge hoop 33 is fixed on the side of the hanging ear connecting bridge 32 opposite to the hanging ears 31; the cross-sectional shape of the elastic cartridge hoop 33 is arc-shaped, and is used to clamp and fix the finished cartridge 4 through the opening of the elastic cartridge hoop 33 to fix the finished cartridge 4 in the shaped charge cavity.

[0075] Exemplarily, the hanging ear connecting bridge 32 is strip-shaped and is used to connect the hanging ears 31 and the elastic cartridge hoop 33.

[0076] Exemplarily, the shape and size of the hanging ears 31 are adapted to the shape and size of the arc-shaped ear grooves 25, so that the hanging ears 31 can be connected to the arc-shaped ear grooves 25.

[0077] Exemplarily, the length of the hanging ear 31 (the dimension in the extending direction of the inner tube 21, the same below) is approximately one-sixth of the length of the finished cartridge 4, so that the hanging ear 31 has sufficient strength to support the finished cartridge 4 fixed on the elastic cartridge hoop 33.

[0078] Exemplarily, the material of the elastic cartridge hoop 33 can be PU (polyurethane) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride).

[0079] As Figure 7 shown, when it is necessary to fix the finished cartridge 4, use an external force to separate the two ends of the elastic cartridge hoop 33, place the finished cartridge 4 into the opening of the elastic cartridge hoop 33, and remove the external force. At this time, the two ends of the elastic cartridge hoop 33 clamp and fix the finished cartridge 4 due to the recovery of its own elastic force.

[0080] Exemplarily, the length of the elastic cartridge hoop 33 is approximately equal to one-third of the length of the finished cartridge 4 to increase the contact area with the finished cartridge 4 and improve the firmness when fixing the finished cartridge 4.

[0081] Exemplarily, in combination with Figure 5 and Figure 10 , in each shaped charge cavity, when two adjacent finished cartridges 4 are in contact with each other, the distance between the centers of two adjacent elastic cartridge hoops 33 is equal to the length of the finished cartridge 4.

[0082] Through the above settings, in combination with Figure 10 , the finished cartridge 4 can be fixed on the elastic cartridge hoop 33, and the finished cartridge 4 can be fixed on the inner tube 21 through the hanging ear 31 and the arc-shaped ear groove 25. That is, the finished cartridge 4 can be fixed in the shaped charge cavity surrounded by the shaped charge plates 22, improving the convenience when fixing the finished cartridge 4.

[0083] In some embodiments, as Figure 5 shown, a plurality of inner tube windows 28 are provided on the inner tube wall 27 of the inner tube 21, and the positions of the plurality of inner tube windows 28 correspond to the positions of the plurality of finished cartridges 4, so that the explosion energy of the detonating cord 5 is transmitted to the finished cartridges 4 through the inner tube windows 28 to detonate the finished cartridges 4.

[0084] Exemplarily, in combination with Figure 5 and Figure 6 , in a shaped charge cavity, the number of inner tube windows 28 is one more than the number of cartridge mounting structure members 3. In combination with Figure 10 , the elastic cartridge hoop 33 is fixed at the middle position of the finished cartridge 4, so that both ends of the finished cartridge 4 are directly opposite to two inner tube windows 28. In this way, the energy of the detonating cord 5 in the inner tube 21 can be transmitted to the finished cartridges 4 from the two inner tube windows 28 simultaneously to detonate the finished cartridges 4, improving the detonation effect of the detonating cord 5 on the finished cartridges 4. And in this case, the distance between the centers of the two inner tube windows 28 is equal to the length of the finished cartridge 4.

[0085] Exemplarily, in combination with Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 10 , when two adjacent finished explosive cartridges 4 come into contact, the length of the inner tube wall 27 between two inner tube windows 28 is equal to the length of the elastic cartridge hoop 33. When the elastic cartridge hoop 33 is fixed on the inner tube 21, the elastic cartridge hoop 33 coincides with the inner tube wall 27 between two inner tube windows 28 in the transverse direction, so as to prevent the part of the elastic cartridge hoop 33 exceeding the inner tube wall 27 between two inner tube windows 28 from blocking the energy of the detonating cord 5 transmitted through the inner tube windows 28.

[0086] Through the above settings, the detonation efficiency of the detonating cord 5 in the inner tube 21 for the finished explosive cartridges 4 is improved.

[0087] Embodiment 2:

[0088] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a presplitting blasting device which can be loaded into a presplitting blast hole 7 for presplitting blasting. The presplitting blasting device includes the presplitting blasting charging equipment, the detonating cord 5 and the finished explosive cartridges 4 in Embodiment 1. The detonating cord 5 is arranged in the inner tube 21 of the presplitting blasting charging equipment. The number of the finished explosive cartridges 4 is multiple, and the multiple finished explosive cartridges 4 are located in two shaped charge cavities.

[0089] Exemplarily, the inner tube 21 on the inner core structure body is integrally formed with two shaped charge plates 22.

[0090] Exemplarily, the maximum lateral dimension of the detonating cord 5 is smaller than the dimension of the inner side wall of the inner tube 21, so that the detonating cord 5 can be loaded into the inner tube 21.

[0091] Through the above settings, when blasting is required, the presplitting blasting device is loaded into the presplitting blast hole 7, the finished explosive cartridges 4 in the two shaped charge cavities are detonated through the detonating cord 5, and the stress waves generated after the explosion of the finished explosive cartridges 4 propagate towards the opening direction of the shaped charge plate 22 (i.e., along the presplitting surface direction) under the reflection action of the shaped charge plate 22, and are merged and converged with the stress waves directly propagating towards the opening direction of the shaped charge plate 22 generated after the explosion of the finished explosive cartridges 4, playing a good role in directional energy propagation, enhancing the energy distribution in the presplitting surface direction, and thus achieving a good presplitting blasting effect and improving the energy utilization rate of the stress waves generated by blasting. The shaped charge plate 22 can also reduce the energy of the stress waves propagating towards both sides of the presplitting surface generated after the explosion of the finished explosive cartridges 4, so the damage to the reserved rock mass during presplitting blasting can also be reduced.

[0092] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 shown, the presplitting blasting charging equipment is a presplitting blasting charging equipment provided with a buffer cavity. The buffer cavity 24 is filled with a buffer material 6.

[0093] Exemplarily, the buffer material 6 is a material capable of buffering and absorbing the stress wave generated after the finished cartridge 4 detonates. For example, it can be rock cuttings, fine sand, etc.

[0094] Through the above settings, the buffer material 6 can buffer and absorb the stress wave transmitted to the buffer cavity 24 after the finished cartridge 4 detonates, thereby reducing the energy of the stress wave propagating through the buffer cavity 24 to the side of the remaining rock mass, and further reducing the damage to the remaining rock mass caused by the stress wave propagating to the side of the remaining rock mass.

[0095] In some embodiments, the presplitting blasting charging device is a presplitting blasting charging device provided with an arc-shaped ear groove 25 and a cartridge clamping structural member 3. As Figure 11 shown, in each shaped charge cavity, a plurality of finished cartridges 4 close to the sealing end of the outer sleeve 1 are in contact in sequence, and a plurality of finished cartridges 4 close to the opening of the outer sleeve 1 are arranged at intervals in sequence.

[0096] Exemplarily, the arc-shaped ear groove 25 is integrally formed with the inner tube 21.

[0097] Those skilled in the art can understand that because the rock mass close to the sealing end of the outer sleeve 1 is restricted (clamped) by the surrounding rock mass, more energy is required for fragmentation. The rock mass close to the opening of the outer sleeve 1 is close to the free surface, and the stress wave during blasting is more likely to be reflected to form tensile failure, and a small amount of charge can meet the fragmentation requirement.

[0098] Exemplarily, as Figure 11 shown, in the direction from the bottom to the opening of the presplitting blast hole 7, the charging section in the presplitting blast hole 7 is divided into a strengthened charging section, a normal charging section, and a weakened charging section. A plurality of finished cartridges 4 in the strengthened charging section are in contact in sequence, and a plurality of finished cartridges 4 in the normal charging section and the weakened charging section are arranged at intervals in sequence.

[0099] Through the above settings, the energy generated by a plurality of finished cartridges 4 can be distributed in a gradient in the presplitting blast hole 7, so that a plurality of finished cartridges 4 close to the sealing end of the outer sleeve 1 concentrate energy to break the hard rock formation, and a plurality of finished cartridges 4 close to the opening of the outer sleeve 1 control the peak explosion pressure by using interval charging, avoiding excessive pulverization of the rock mass at the hole mouth, and at the same time extending the action time of the explosion-generated gas to expand the crack. Such a setting can also reduce the consumption of the finished cartridges 4 on the basis of ensuring the presplitting blasting effect, thereby reducing the cost.

[0100] In some embodiments, as Figure 11 shown, a plurality of finished cartridges 4 arranged at intervals in sequence in two shaped charge cavities are arranged alternately in the two shaped charge cavities, and the interval position in one shaped charge cavity corresponds to the position of the finished cartridge in the other shaped charge cavity.

[0101] Exemplarily, as Figure 11As shown, among the two shaped charge cavities, the multiple finished cartridges 4 in the normal charge section and the reduced charge section do not overlap horizontally in the pre-splitting blast hole 7.

[0102] Through the above settings, the charge amounts in the normal charge section and the reduced charge section of the two shaped charge cavities can be reduced, thereby reducing the energy generated by the explosion of the finished cartridges 4 in the normal charge section and the reduced charge section of the two shaped charge cavities, enabling the finished cartridges 4 in the normal charge section and the reduced charge section of the two shaped charge cavities to meet the requirement of fragmenting the corresponding section of the rock mass while reducing the consumption of the finished cartridges 4.

[0103] In some embodiments, as Figure 11 shown, in each shaped charge cavity, in the direction from the sealed end of the outer sleeve 1 to the opening of the outer sleeve 1, the distance between adjacent two finished cartridges 4 increases from small to large.

[0104] Exemplarily, as Figure 11 shown, in the normal charge section, the distance between adjacent two finished cartridges 4 in each shaped charge cavity is the length of one finished cartridge 4; in the reduced charge section, the distance between adjacent two finished cartridges 4 in each shaped charge cavity is the length of two finished cartridges 4.

[0105] As described above, the closer to the opening of the pre-splitting blast hole 7, the less energy is required to fragment the rock mass. Through the above settings, the consumption of the finished cartridges 4 can be reduced on the basis of meeting the fragmentation requirements for the corresponding rock mass in the normal charge section and the reduced charge section.

[0106] The steps for using the pre-splitting blasting device in this embodiment are as follows:

[0107] Step 1: Design the charge length according to the pre-splitting blast hole 7 to process the outer sleeve 1 and the inner core structure 2, transport the shaped charge device to the blasting area, and distribute it to the side of each pre-splitting blast hole 7 as required. Prepare all the buffer materials (fine sand, rock debris, etc.) required in the buffer cavity 24, and the buffer cavity 24 can be filled uniformly later.

[0108] Step 2: Withdraw the inner core structure 2 from the outer sleeve 1. Prepare a sufficient number of cartridge mounting structure members 3, and insert the central part of the finished cartridge 4 into the elastic cartridge hoop 33 for fixation. According to the designed charge amount and charging height, sequentially assemble the cartridge mounting structure members 3 with the fixed finished cartridges 4 onto the arc-shaped ear grooves 25 of the inner tube 21 from the bottom upwards, ensuring that the hanging ears 31 of the cartridge mounting structure members 3 are fully embedded in the ear grooves 25 on the inner tube 21. While ensuring that the charge amount in the shaped charge device meets the design requirements, the distribution of the finished cartridges 4 within the two shaped charge plates 22 should be as uniform as possible. According to the design requirements of pre-splitting blasting in open-pit mines, usually during the installation of the finished cartridges 4 (charging), the charging section in the pre-splitting blast hole 7 is divided into three sections. Among them, the bottom section is the enhanced charging section, and when charging, 1 cartridge (one finished cartridge 4) is continuously charged in each of the two shaped charge plates 22 on the left and right sides; the middle section is the normal charging section, and when charging, 1 cartridge is alternately and continuously charged in each of the two shaped charge plates 22 on the left and right sides; the top section is the weakened charging section, and when charging, 1 cartridge is alternately and intermittently charged in each of the two shaped charge plates 22 on the left and right sides. Then, insert a detonating cord 5 with sufficient length into the inner tube 21 through the inner tube orifice 26 of the inner tube 21, ensuring that the entire section of the inner tube 21 is filled with the detonating cord 5, and leaving enough length of the detonating cord 5 outside the inner tube 21.

[0109] Step 3: Carefully insert the inner core structure 2 with the inserted detonating cord 5 and the fixed finished cartridges 4 into the outer sleeve 1, and slowly send the assembled pre-splitting blasting device into the pre-splitting blast hole 7, ensuring the stability of the pre-splitting blasting device during the process of entering the hole, and ensuring that the opening directions of the two shaped charge plates 22 are along the pre-splitting surface direction, with the symmetry plane being the pre-splitting surface, and the buffer cavity 24 is close to the side of the reserved rock mass.

[0110] Step 4: After the assembled pre-splitting blasting device is placed in place, use an injection device to inject Newtonian fluid 8 (water medium) into the outer sleeve 1 through a hose, and inject buffer materials (fine sand, rock cuttings, etc.) into the buffer cavity 24 until it is full, and ensure that the Newtonian fluid 8 (water medium) in the outer sleeve 1 does not enter the buffer cavity 24. Extend the reserved detonating cord 5 outside the opening of the pre-splitting blast hole 7 for convenient connection of the detonator for initiation in the later stage.

[0111] Step 5: According to the designed stemming length, insert a stemmer 9 (ordinary woven bag, etc.) above the pre-splitting blasting device in the pre-splitting blast hole 7, ensuring that the stemmer 9 is in close contact with the top interface of the pre-splitting blasting device. At this time, the stemmer 9 is equivalent to completely closing the top interface of the pre-splitting blasting device in the pre-splitting blast hole 7, which can prevent gravel and sundries from falling into the outer sleeve 1. Then immediately fill the space above the stemmer 9 in the pre-splitting blast hole 7 with stemming material 10 (crushed stone, rock cuttings, or stemming clay, etc.). During this process, ensure that the detonating cord 5 extends outside the pre-splitting blast hole 7 and prevent the detonating cord 5 from being damaged, affecting the detonation quality.

[0112] Step 6: Repeat the above steps to successively load the remaining presplitting blast holes 7. Connect the detonating cord 5 to the detonator, wire it up and initiate the detonation to complete the presplitting blasting.

[0113] The beneficial effects that the presplitting blasting device in this embodiment can produce are as follows: ① Through the arc-shaped shaped charge plate 22, combined with the characteristics of efficient energy transfer of the water medium, the direction of explosion energy transfer can be effectively controlled, the effective utilization rate of explosive energy can be improved, the superposition intensity and effect of explosion stress waves between adjacent presplitting blast holes 7 can be enhanced, and the quality of rock mass presplitting and fissuring between adjacent presplitting blast holes 7 can be improved; ② By filling buffer materials 6 such as fine sand or rock debris in the buffer cavity 24 of the presplitting blasting device, the propagation of explosion energy to the side of the reserved rock mass can be effectively blocked or weakened, thereby effectively reducing the damage to the reserved rock mass caused by the explosion energy and improving the overall presplitting blasting quality; ③ The arc-shaped shaped charge plate 22 is integrally and fixedly connected to the inner tube 21; an arc-shaped ear groove 25 is arranged on the outer side of the inner tube 21, and the arc-shaped ear groove 25 matches the hanging ear 31 on the cartridge clamping structural member 3. By clamping the finished cartridge 4 on the elastic cartridge hoop 33 and then embedding the hanging ear 31 on the hanging ear connecting bridge 32 into the arc-shaped ear groove 25, the fixation of the finished cartridge 4 can be realized, which can significantly improve the charging efficiency of the finished cartridge 4, and make the distribution of the finished cartridges 4 in the shaped charge cavity more balanced by adjusting the fixation position of the finished cartridge 4, so that the explosive energy distribution in the presplitting blast hole 7 is more uniform; ④ Based on the characteristics of incompressibility and efficient energy transfer of the water medium, compared with the traditional air decoupling charge, the presplitting blasting device in this embodiment adopts the form of water decoupling charge, which can significantly extend the action time of explosive energy in the presplitting blast hole 7, reduce the peak pressure of the detonation wave in the presplitting blast hole 7, and further reduce the blasting vibration intensity caused by the presplitting blasting itself, and reduce the harmful effects of presplitting blasting vibration on the surrounding environment.

[0114] Example 3:

[0115] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a presplitting blasting method for use in the presplitting blasting process. This method uses the presplitting blasting device in Example 2 and includes steps S1 - S2.

[0116] S1: Place the presplitting blasting device in the presplitting blast hole 7 preset in the main blasting area, make the symmetry plane of each shaped charge plate 22 be the presplitting surface of the presplitting blast hole 7, and make the opening of the outer sleeve 1 face the outside of the presplitting blast hole 7; lead the detonating cord 5 out of the presplitting blast hole 7.

[0117] It should be noted that before step S1, the presplitting blast holes 7 need to be prepared in advance. The center of the presplitting blast holes 7 is located on the preset presplitting surface. The length and inclination angle of the presplitting blast holes 7 need to be reasonably determined according to the on-site engineering conditions. The hole spacing, charge amount, charge length, and stemming length of the presplitting blast holes 7 all need to be reasonably determined according to the on-site engineering geological conditions and lithology. The stemming length of the presplitting blast holes 7 needs to ensure that after the presplitting blasting device is placed in the presplitting blast holes 7, a stemming device 9 and stemming material 10 can be set above the presplitting blasting device.

[0118] Exemplarily, after the above step S1, the method further includes: loading the stemming device 9 onto the top interface of the presplitting blasting device in the presplitting blast holes 7, and loading the stemming material 10 above the stemming device 9.

[0119] Exemplarily, the stemming device 9 can be an ordinary woven bag, etc., and the stemming material 10 can be crushed stones, rock chips, or stemming clay, etc.

[0120] The stemming device 9 can prevent external crushed stones and sundries from falling into the outer sleeve 1. The stemming material 10 can block the energy waves generated by the explosion of the presplitting blasting device, reduce the energy dissipated to the outside through the presplitting blast holes 7, and improve the utilization rate of the energy generated by the explosion.

[0121] S2. Detonate the detonating cord 5 to detonate the finished cartridge 4 in the shaped charge cavity.

[0122] Exemplarily, by connecting the detonating cord 5 with a detonator, after detonating the detonator, the detonating cord 5 is detonated, and then the finished cartridge 4 is detonated.

[0123] Thus, the stress waves generated by the explosion of the finished cartridge 4 can converge and propagate in the direction of the opening of the shaped charge plate 22 (i.e., along the presplitting surface) under the reflection of the shaped charge plate 22, playing a good role in directional energy propagation, thereby achieving a good presplitting blasting effect and improving the energy utilization rate of the stress waves generated by the blasting. And because the stress waves propagating in the directions on both sides of the presplitting surface generated after the initiation of the finished cartridge 4 are reduced in energy after being reflected by the shaped charge plate 22, the damage to the remaining rock mass on one side of the presplitting surface during presplitting blasting is also reduced.

[0124] In some embodiments, the number of the presplitting blast holes 7 preset in the main blasting area is multiple, and the centers of the multiple presplitting blast holes 7 are located on the same presplitting surface; the number of the presplitting blasting charging devices is the same as the number of the presplitting blast holes 7, and one presplitting blasting charging device is arranged in each presplitting blast hole 7. After step S1 and before step S2, the method further includes: step S11: repeating step S1 until all the presplitting blasting devices are placed in all the presplitting blast holes 7 and all the detonating cords 5 are led out of the corresponding presplitting blast holes 7. Step S2 specifically includes: connecting all the detonating cords 5 together; detonating all the detonating cords 5 to detonate the finished cartridges 4 in all the presplitting blast holes 7.

[0125] Exemplarily, the longer the length of the rock mass that needs to be pre-split in the main blasting area, the more pre-split blast holes 7 need to be set to improve the blasting effect of pre-splitting blasting.

[0126] For example, if the length of the rock mass that needs to be pre-split in the main blasting area is 100 meters and the spacing between adjacent pre-split blast holes 7 is 2 meters, then 51 pre-split blast holes 7 need to be set.

[0127] It can be understood that by setting multiple pre-split blast holes 7, a longer pre-split surface can be formed during a single detonation process, improving the efficiency of pre-splitting blasting.

[0128] Example 4:

[0129] The effect of the pre-splitting blasting charging equipment will be described below in combination with a specific application scenario:

[0130] In an open-pit coal mine, according to the actual production conditions on site, the specific construction parameters for the pre-splitting blasting of the final slope are determined as follows: the diameter of the pre-split blast hole 7 is 152 mm, the inclination angle of the pre-split blast hole 7 is 65°, a total of 40 pre-split blast holes are constructed on the pre-split surface, and the spacing between the pre-split blast holes 7 is 1.5 m. The construction length (depth) of the pre-split blast hole 7 is 18 m, the linear charge density is 1.0 kg / m, so the charge amount in a single pre-split blast hole is 18 kg, the stemming length of the pre-split blast hole 7 is 1.5 m, so the charging length is 16.5 m, and the finished explosive cartridges 4 are selected as emulsion explosive cartridges with a diameter of 32 mm and are detonated in series with detonating cords. The specific construction method adopts the following steps:

[0131] Step 10: Process the outer sleeve 1 and the inner core structure 2 according to the designed charging length of the pre-split blast hole 7. The lengths of both the outer sleeve 1 and the inner core structure 2 are 16.5 m. Transport the complete set of pre-splitting blasting devices to the blasting area and distribute them to the side of each pre-split blast hole 7 as required. Prepare all the buffer materials 6 (fine sand) required in the buffer chambers 24 and later fill the buffer chambers 24 uniformly through a rubber hose.

[0132] Step 20: Pull out the inner core structure 2 from the outer sleeve 1, prepare a sufficient amount of cartridge clamping structural members 3, and clamp the central part of the finished explosive cartridge 4 into the cartridge hoop 33. As Figure 11As shown in the figure, according to the designed charge amount and charge height, the pre-splitting blasting charge section is divided into three parts from bottom to top. The first part is the enhanced charge section, with a length of 0.2 times the length of the pre-splitting blast hole 7, that is, 3.6 m. The charge amount in the enhanced charge section is usually 0.5 times the total charge amount in the hole, that is, 9 kg. The second part is the normal charge section, with a length of 0.5 times the length of the pre-splitting blast hole, that is, 9.0 m. The charge amount in the normal charge section is usually 0.3 times the total charge amount in the hole, that is, 5.4 kg. The third part is the weakened charge section. The sum of its length and the stemming section length is 0.3 times the length of the pre-splitting blast hole. Therefore, after subtracting the 1.5 m stemming section length, the length of the weakened charge section is 3.9 m. The charge amount in the weakened charge section is usually 0.2 times the total charge amount in the hole, that is, 3.6 kg. According to the designed charge length and charge amount of each section, for the enhanced charge section, since the required charge amount is relatively large, the cartridge clamping structural member 3 with the finished cartridge 4 fixed can be successively assembled upward from the bottom to the inner pipe wall 27 of the inner pipe 21 in two shaped charge cavities. For the normal charge section, after the enhanced charge section is charged according to the design, the cartridge clamping structural member 3 with the finished cartridge 4 fixed is successively assembled upward to the inner pipe wall 27 of the inner pipe 21 in two shaped charge cavities, with one finished cartridge 4 alternately installed left and right after the enhanced charge section. For the weakened charge section, after the normal charge section is charged according to the design, the cartridge clamping structural member 3 with the finished cartridge 4 fixed is successively assembled upward to the inner pipe wall 27 of the inner pipe 21 in two shaped charge cavities, alternately installed left and right after the normal charge section and spaced by the distance of one finished cartridge 4. During the installation of the finished cartridge 4, ensure that the lugs 31 of the cartridge clamping structural member 3 are completely embedded in the arc-shaped ear grooves 25 on the inner pipe 21. While ensuring that the charge amount of each charge section meets the design requirements, the distribution of the finished cartridges 4 in the two arc-shaped shaped charge plates 22 should be as uniform as possible. Then, a detonating cord 5 with sufficient length is inserted into the inner pipe 21 from the inner pipe orifice 26, ensuring that the detonating cord 5 is fully inserted into the inner pipe 21 and a sufficient length is reserved outside the inner pipe 21.

[0133] Step 30: Carefully insert the inner core structure body 2 with the detonating cord 5 inserted and the cartridges 4 clamped into the outer sleeve 1. After insertion, slowly send the assembled pre-splitting blasting device into the pre-splitting blast hole 7, ensuring the stability of the pre-splitting blasting device during the hole entry process, and ensuring that the opening directions of the two shaped charge plates 22 are along the pre-splitting surface direction, and the buffer cavity 24 is close to the retained rock mass side.

[0134] Step 40: After the assembled pre-splitting blasting device is placed in place, use an injection device to inject Newtonian fluid 8 (water) into the outer sleeve 1 and buffer material 6 (fine sand) into the buffer cavity 24 until full, and ensure that the Newtonian fluid 8 in the outer sleeve 1 does not enter the buffer cavity 24. Extend the reserved detonating cord 5 at least 1 m outside the pre-splitting blast hole 7 for convenient connection to the detonator for initiation later.

[0135] Step 50: According to the designed stemming length, insert a stemming device 9 (ordinary woven bag) into the pre-splitting blast hole 7 to ensure that the stemming device 9 is in close contact with the top interface of the pre-splitting blasting device in the pre-splitting blast hole 7. At this time, the stemming device 9 is equivalent to completely sealing the top interface of the pre-splitting blasting device in the pre-splitting blast hole 7, which can prevent debris such as broken stones from falling into the outer sleeve 1. Then, immediately fill the upper part of the stemming device 9 in the pre-splitting hole with stemming material 10 (broken stones). During this process, it is necessary to ensure that the detonating cord 5 extends at least 1 m outside the pre-splitting blast hole 7 and prevent the detonating cord 5 from being damaged, which may affect the transfer blasting quality.

[0136] Step 60: Repeat the above steps to load the remaining pre-splitting blast holes 7 and pre-splitting blasting devices in sequence. Connect all the detonating cords 5 to the detonators, wire them up for initiation, and complete the pre-splitting blasting. The specific charge design drawing is as Figure 11 shown.

[0137] It can be understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments adopted to illustrate the principle of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For those of ordinary skill in the art, various variations and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these variations and improvements are also regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A presplitting blasting charging device, characterized in that, Comprising: An outer sleeve (1), one end of which is sealed and the other end forms an opening; And, An inner core structure (2) is arranged inside the outer sleeve (1) and extends longitudinally along the outer sleeve (1); the inner core structure (2) includes an inner tube (21) and two shaped charge plates (22); the inner tube (21) is arranged at the center of the outer sleeve (1) for loading detonating cord (5); the two shaped charge plates (22) are arranged back to back on opposite sides of the inner tube (21), the shaped charge plates (22) are of symmetric shape, and their symmetric plane is the pre-splitting plane of the pre-splitting blast hole (7). Each shaped charge plate (22) and the inner side wall of the outer sleeve (1) enclose a shaped charge cavity for accommodating finished cartridge (4); By fixing the finished cartridge (4) in the two shaped charge cavities, the stress wave generated when the finished cartridge (4) explodes can propagate along the pre-splitting plane direction of the pre-splitting blast hole (7) under the shaped charge reflection action of the shaped charge cavity, improving the energy distribution in the pre-splitting plane direction.

2. The pre-splitting blasting charging device according to claim 1, wherein, The space inside the outer sleeve (1) between the two shaped charge plates (22) and close to the side of the reserved rock mass forms a buffer cavity (24), and the buffer cavity (24) is used for loading buffer material (6) so that the buffer material (6) buffers and absorbs the stress wave propagating to the buffer cavity (24).

3. The pre-splitting blasting charging device according to claim 2, wherein, The inner core structure (2) further includes: A retaining wall curved panel (23) is located on the side of the inner tube (21) of the outer sleeve (1) close to the reserved rock mass and fits on the inner side wall of the outer sleeve (1); in the cross-section of the pre-splitting blasting charging device, the two ends of the retaining wall curved panel (23) are respectively sealed and connected to one end of the two shaped charge plates (22), and enclose the buffer cavity (24) with the two shaped charge plates (22); and, A buffer cavity sealing plate is arranged at the bottom of the buffer cavity (24) for sealing the bottom of the buffer cavity (24); The remaining space inside the outer sleeve (1) except the buffer cavity (24) is used to fill Newtonian fluid (8).

4. The pre-splitting blasting charge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner core structure (2) is slidably arranged inside the outer sleeve (1); a plurality of pairs of arc-shaped ear grooves (25) are arranged along the length direction of the outer side of the inner tube (21), and each pair of arc-shaped ear grooves (25) is arranged at the same height of the inner tube (21); The pre-splitting blasting charging device further includes a cartridge clamping assembly, and the cartridge clamping assembly includes two rows of cartridge clamping structural members (3) arranged in parallel. Each row of cartridge clamping structural members (3) includes a plurality of cartridge clamping structural members (3) arranged along the length direction of the inner tube (21). The two rows of cartridge clamping structural members (3) are respectively arranged in the two shaped charge cavities; each cartridge clamping structural member (3) is clamped in a pair of arc-shaped ear grooves (25) for fixing the finished cartridge (4) in the corresponding shaped charge cavity.

5. The pre-splitting blasting charging device according to claim 4, wherein The cartridge clamping structural member (3) includes: A hanging ear connecting bridge (32); The hanging ears (31) are fixedly paired on one side of the hanging ear connecting bridge (32); the hanging ears (31) are adapted to the arc-shaped ear grooves (25), and each pair of the hanging ears (31) is clamped in a pair of the arc-shaped ear grooves (25) to fix the hanging ear connecting bridge (32) in the energy concentrating cavity outside the inner tube (21); and, The elastic cartridge hoop (33) is fixed on the side of the hanging ear connecting bridge (32) opposite to the hanging ears (31); the cross-section of the elastic cartridge hoop (33) is arc-shaped, and is used to clamp and fix the finished cartridge (4) through the opening of the elastic cartridge hoop (33) to fix the finished cartridge (4) in the energy concentrating cavity.

6. The pre-splitting blasting charge device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of inner tube windows (28) are formed on the inner tube wall (27) of the inner tube (21), and the positions of the plurality of inner tube windows (28) correspond to the positions of the plurality of finished cartridges (4), so that the explosion energy of the detonating cord (5) is transmitted to the finished cartridge (4) through the inner tube windows (28) to detonate the finished cartridge (4).

7. A presplitting blasting device, characterized in that, Comprising: The presplitting blasting charging device according to any one of claims 1-6; The detonating cord (5) is arranged in the inner tube (21) of the presplitting blasting charging device; The number of the finished cartridges (4) is multiple, and the multiple finished cartridges (4) are located in two energy concentrating cavities.

8. The pre-splitting blasting device according to claim 7, wherein The presplitting blasting charging device is the presplitting blasting charging device according to claim 2 or 3; The buffer cavity (24) is filled with a buffer material (6).

9. The pre-splitting blasting device according to claim 7, characterized in that The presplitting blasting charging device is the presplitting blasting charging device according to claim 4 or 5; In each of the energy concentrating cavities, the multiple finished cartridges (4) close to the plugging end of the outer sleeve (1) are in contact in sequence, and the multiple finished cartridges (4) close to the opening of the outer sleeve (1) are arranged at intervals in sequence.

10. The pre-splitting blasting device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The multiple finished cartridges (4) arranged at intervals in sequence in the two energy concentrating cavities are arranged alternately in the two energy concentrating cavities, and the interval position in one of the energy concentrating cavities corresponds to the position of the finished cartridge in the other energy concentrating cavity.

11. The pre-splitting blasting device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, In each of the energy concentrating cavities, in the direction from the plugging end of the outer sleeve (1) to the opening of the outer sleeve (1), the distance between two adjacent finished cartridges (4) increases from small to large.

12. A presplitting blasting method, characterized in that, Using the presplitting blasting device according to any one of claims 7-11, the method comprising: steps S1-S2; S1. Place the presplitting blasting device in a presplitting blast hole (7) preset in the main blasting area, so that the symmetry plane of each energy concentrating plate (22) is the presplitting surface of the presplitting blast hole (7), and the opening of the outer sleeve (1) faces the outside of the presplitting blast hole (7); lead the detonating cord (5) out of the presplitting blast hole (7); S2. Detonate the detonating cord (5) to detonate the finished cartridges (4) in the energy concentrating cavity.

13. The pre-splitting blasting method according to claim 12, wherein, The number of the presplitting blast holes (7) preset in the main blasting area is multiple, and the centers of the multiple presplitting blast holes (7) are located on the same presplitting surface; the number of the presplitting blasting charging devices is the same as the number of the presplitting blast holes (7), and one presplitting blasting charging device is arranged in each presplitting blast hole (7); After the step S1 and before the step S2, the method further includes: step S11: repeating the step S1 until all the pre-splitting blasting devices are placed in all the pre-splitting blast holes (7), and leading all the detonating cords (5) out of the corresponding pre-splitting blast holes (7); The step S2 specifically includes: connecting all the detonating cords (5) together; detonating all the detonating cords (5) to detonate the finished cartridges (4) in all the pre-splitting blast holes (7).

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