Detection equipment with self-adaptive replacement particulate matter detection cutting head

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of particulate matter detection cutting heads, and particularly relates to detection equipment with a self-adaptive replacement particulate matter detection cutting head, the detection equipment comprises a beta-ray absorption method measuring assembly, a plurality of cutting head assemblies, a rotary assembly and the like, the beta-ray absorption method measuring assembly is used for detecting particles collected from air, and the rotary assembly is used for rotating the cutting head assemblies; the cutting head assembly is used for cutting and separating particles in air, and the rotating assembly is used for installing the cutting head assembly and rotating and replacing the cutting head assembly at the top stretching-out opening of the cylindrical shell. The cutting head assembly is matched with the cleaning assembly arranged in the cylindrical shell so that reverse self-cleaning of the first filter cloth and the second filter cloth in which many large particles are accumulated can be completed, dust generated by cleaning the cutting head assembly is collected without diffusion, and it is guaranteed that air in the surrounding environment of the cutting head assembly is not polluted; and therefore, the real reliability of air detection of the working cutting head assembly on the corresponding area is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of particle detection cutting heads, and in particular relates to a detection device with an adaptively replaceable particle detection cutting head. Background Art

[0002] Air quality monitoring station, also known as air station. The function of the air station is to sample, measure and analyze pollutants in the atmosphere and air at fixed points, continuously or regularly. In order to monitor the air, several air stations are generally set up in a key environmental protection city. Multi-parameter automatic monitoring instruments are installed in the station for continuous automatic monitoring. The monitoring results are stored in real time and analyzed to obtain relevant data. The air quality monitoring station is the basic platform for air quality control and reasonable evaluation of air quality, and is an infrastructure for urban air environment protection.

[0003] Particle cutters are used in air quality monitoring stations to cut and separate particles in the air by size. Particle cutting refers to the process of separating particles in a mixture by size using specific equipment or technology. In environmental monitoring and materials science, this process usually involves the use of cutters or sifters to remove or classify particles of different sizes. Cutters use physical principles such as inertial force, centrifugal force or diffusion effect to effectively cut particles, ensuring that only particles within a specific size range are collected for further analysis or application.

[0004] For the technology of using β-rays to measure the concentration of particulate matter, the cutting head is first used to filter out large particles. The filtered air carries small particles and impacts the filter membrane. The small particles stay on the filter membrane and increase the thickness of the filter membrane. The concentration of small particles can be obtained through β-ray measurement. In this measurement technology, the filter cloth in the cutting head needs to be cleaned after use before it can be reused. For the measurement terminal, the cutting head can only be used once continuously. When large particles accumulate on the filter cloth in the cutting head, they need to be collected manually and returned to the factory for cleaning before they can be reused.

[0005] With the improvement of the automation level of air station particle cutting equipment, the cutting head also needs to be automatically replaced. For example, patent application number 2024113115168 discloses a device for automatically replacing the cutting head. Although a large number of cutting heads can be replaced, the structure is relatively complex and the cost is high. At the same time, the structure is not easy to install and automatically clean the device.

[0006] The present invention designs a detection device with an adaptively replaceable particle detection cutting head to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0007] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a detection device with an adaptive replacement particulate matter detection cutting head for the problems existing in the current detection device where the particulate matter detection cutting head is located. In the present invention, the cutting head assembly can complete the reverse self-cleaning of the first filter cloth and the second filter cloth that have accumulated a lot of large particles inside through its cooperation with the cleaning assembly arranged in the cylindrical shell. Moreover, the dust generated by cleaning the cutting head assembly is collected without diffusion, ensuring that the air in the environment around the cutting head assembly is not polluted. Furthermore, it ensures the true reliability of the air detection of the corresponding area by the working cutting head assembly. The cleaning assembly participating in the self-cleaning function of the cutting head assembly does not require special manual collection to return the cutting head assembly to the factory for cleaning and reuse, thereby effectively improving the cleaning efficiency and reuse efficiency of the cutting head assembly. At the same time, the cleaning cost is effectively reduced. The rotation assembly arranged in the cylindrical shell in the present invention can realize pre-installing multiple cutting head assemblies in the cylindrical shell and realizing the automatic rotation replacement of multiple cutting head assemblies. And the installation of the cutting head assembly on the rotation assembly is a simple and convenient plug-in installation. Its structure is simple, the cost is low, and it is convenient for the installation and operation of the cleaning assembly used as a cleaning device. The connection and top-feeding assembly used in the present invention to establish the connection between the collection and discharge pipe in the β-ray absorption method measurement assembly and the cutting head assembly on the rotation assembly can push out the cutting head assembly connected to the collection and discharge pipe in the β-ray absorption method measurement assembly from the extension outlet at the top of the cylindrical shell for air detection work, further improving the automation degree of the replacement operation of the cutting head assembly. At the same time, the shielding assembly located at the extension outlet can close and shield the extension outlet whether the cutting head assembly is working outside the cylindrical shell assembly or not, preventing dust or other sundries in the external air from entering the cylindrical shell and polluting the internal cutting head assembly.

[0008] The above object is achieved by the following technical solutions: A detection device with an adaptive replacement particulate matter detection cutting head, used for cutting, separating, and detecting particles in the air, includes: A β-ray absorption method measurement assembly arranged in a cylindrical shell, used for detecting the particles collected from the air, mainly including a filter membrane, a β-ray emitter, a β-ray receiver, and a collection and discharge pipe for collecting and transporting air to the filter membrane.

[0009] A number of cutting head assemblies for cutting and separating particles in the air. The cutting head assembly includes a first air duct, the upper end of the first air duct is connected to a third air duct through a drying assembly, the upper end of the third air duct is connected to a cutting cylinder through a tapered part, the cutting cylinder is internally provided with a first filter cloth and a second filter cloth distributed up and down, a top rod is arranged in the middle of the second filter cloth and passes upward through the first filter cloth, a tapered plug for opening and closing the upper annular plate is arranged at the upper end of the top rod, the tapered plug is connected to a second ring sleeve for opening and closing the dust discharge port on the wall of the cutting cylinder through a number of second connecting rods, the upper end of the cutting cylinder is threadedly connected to a third ring sleeve, a rain shield is arranged at the upper end of the third ring sleeve and forms an annular rain-proof channel with the first rain-proof edge at the upper end of the cutting cylinder, and a number of ventilation holes opposite to the annular rain-proof channel are densely arranged on the third ring sleeve.

[0010] A rotating assembly for installing the cutting head assembly and rotating and replacing the cutting head assembly at the outlet at the top of the cylindrical shell.

[0011] A connecting and top-feeding assembly for connecting the collection and discharge pipe to the first air duct in the cutting head assembly at the outlet and driving the cutting head assembly to vertically enter and exit the outlet.

[0012] A cleaning assembly for cleaning the first filter cloth and the second filter cloth in the cutting head assembly.

[0013] In one embodiment, the top rod is sealed and slid in a second guide sleeve in the middle of the first filter cloth, a second guide rod is arranged at the top of the tapered plug, the second guide rod is slid in a third guide sleeve in the middle of the rain shield, a second limit ring for cooperating with the upper end of the cutting cylinder is arranged on the outer side of the third ring sleeve, a horizontal second rain-proof edge is arranged at the edge of the rain shield, and a twisting block is arranged at the top of the rain shield.

[0014] In one embodiment, the drying assembly includes a second air duct threadedly connected to the first air duct and the third air duct, a number of layers of drying rods are arranged in the second air duct, each layer of the drying rods is formed by a number of mutually parallel drying rods, each layer of the drying rods is parallel and perpendicular to the adjacent two layers of drying rods respectively, the gaps between the two mutually parallel layers of drying rods block each other, and the two ends of the drying rods are fixed in the clamping sleeves on the pipe wall of the second air duct.

[0015] In one embodiment, a spherical part is arranged on the collection and discharge pipe, the horizontal part of the filter membrane passes through the insertion slot on the spherical part, a three-way valve, a flow meter and a first air pump are arranged on the collection and discharge pipe, the three-way valve is located between the spherical part and the intake end of the collection and discharge pipe, the flow meter is located between the three-way valve and the spherical part, the first air pump is located between the spherical part and the exhaust end of the collection and discharge pipe, a seventh exhaust pipe for exhausting air outside the cylindrical shell is connected to the three-way valve, and a second air pump is arranged on the seventh exhaust pipe.

[0016] In one embodiment, the connecting and top-feeding assembly includes two vertically distributed pulleys. The two pulleys are arranged on a bracket inside the cylindrical shell through a wheel axle. The wheel axle where one pulley is located is in transmission connection with a first motor on the bracket. A synchronous belt is arranged on the two pulleys. The synchronous belt is connected with a sliding sleeve and a first ring sleeve through a first connecting rod. The sliding sleeve slides vertically on a first guide rod on the bracket. The lower end of the first ring sleeve is connected with a collecting and discharging pipe. Inside the upper end of the first ring sleeve, a connecting pipe that is in threaded fit with the lower end of a first air guide pipe is rotatably arranged. The connecting pipe slides and rotates inside a first guide sleeve on the bracket. The lower end of the first guide sleeve is rotatably provided with a rotating sleeve that axially slides in cooperation with the connecting pipe. Two guide blocks that are circumferentially spaced 180 degrees are arranged on the inner wall of the rotating sleeve. The guide blocks slide in guide grooves on the outside of the connecting pipe. A first gear is arranged on the rotating sleeve. The first gear meshes with a second gear. The second gear is arranged on the output shaft of a second motor on the bracket.

[0017] In one embodiment, the rotating assembly includes a rotating shaft that is coaxial with the cylindrical shell. The rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in a fourth ring sleeve on a bracket inside the cylindrical shell and is driven to rotate by a third motor on the bracket. A connecting frame is arranged on the rotating shaft. A plurality of first sockets that are circumferentially and evenly distributed around the axis of the rotating shaft and are used for inserting a cutting head assembly are arranged on the connecting frame. An annular groove that is opposite to the dust exhaust port on the cutting cylinder in the cutting head assembly is arranged on the inner wall of the first socket. A second exhaust pipe that communicates with the wall surface of the annular groove is arranged on the annular groove.

[0018] In one embodiment, a third gear is arranged on the rotating shaft. The third gear meshes with a fourth gear on the output shaft of the third motor.

[0019] In one embodiment, a rubber cushion layer that is in threaded fit with the outer thread at the upper end of the connecting pipe is arranged on the upper spiral surface of the internal thread at the lower end of the first air guide pipe. A first limiting ring for limiting the connecting pipe is arranged inside the first air guide pipe.

[0020] In one embodiment, the cleaning assembly includes a third air pump arranged on a bracket inside the cylindrical shell and a collecting cylinder arranged inside a second socket in the middle of the connecting frame. An air suction pipe for sucking air from outside the cylindrical shell is arranged at the air inlet of the third air pump. A third exhaust pipe that is in butt joint and cooperation with the lower end of the first socket is arranged at the air outlet of the third air pump. A second sealing washer that is in cooperation with the first sealing washer at the lower end of the first socket is arranged at the upper end of the third exhaust pipe. An exhaust port is arranged at the top of the collecting cylinder. The exhaust port is in rotating fit with a fourth exhaust pipe for exhausting air to the outside of the cylindrical shell. A plurality of inlet pipes that correspond to the second exhaust pipes one by one and guide air to the inner bottom of the collecting cylinder are arranged on the barrel wall of the collecting cylinder. The air guide pipes are connected with the corresponding second exhaust pipes through hoses. Filter dust materials are filled inside the collecting cylinder.

[0021] In one embodiment, an occlusion component for opening and closing is provided at the outlet on the top of the cylindrical shell. The occlusion component includes a fourth motor disposed at the top end of the cylindrical shell. The output shaft of the fourth motor is rotatably disposed in a shaft seat at the top end of the cylindrical shell. A fifth gear is provided on the output shaft of the fourth motor. The fifth gear meshes with two racks that slide in opposite directions in a fourth guide sleeve at the top end of the cylindrical shell. The ends of the two racks are each connected to a fifth guide sleeve through a third connecting rod. A third guide rod parallel to the rack is slidably disposed in each of the fifth guide sleeves. A top block is provided at the end of the third guide rod. A first spring is connected between the top block and the fifth guide sleeve. A first limiting block for preventing the third guide rod from detaching from the fifth guide sleeve is provided on the third guide rod. A baffle and a strip are respectively provided on the two top blocks. The strip is slidably disposed in a sixth guide sleeve. A baffle is provided on the sixth guide sleeve. The baffle and the fifth guide sleeve respectively slide in limiting chute on the corresponding baffle. A semi-circular hole that cooperates with the connecting pipe and is opened and closed by the strip is provided on the side end of the baffle. The third connecting rod corresponding to the baffle where the strip is located is connected to a fixed block on the corresponding baffle through a second spring. A clamping groove that cooperates with a second limiting block at the top end of the cylindrical shell when the two baffles close the outlet is provided on the end side of the baffle. A stepped groove for enabling the two baffles to be hermetically closed is provided on the end side of the baffle.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The cutting head assembly in the present invention can complete the reverse self-cleaning of the first filter cloth and the second filter cloth that have accumulated a lot of large particles inside through its cooperation with the cleaning assembly disposed in the cylindrical shell. Moreover, the dust generated by cleaning the cutting head assembly is collected without diffusion, ensuring that the air in the environment around the cutting head assembly is not polluted. Furthermore, it ensures the true reliability of the air detection in the corresponding area by the working cutting head assembly. The cleaning assembly participating in the self-cleaning function of the cutting head assembly does not require special manual collection to return the cutting head assembly to the factory for cleaning and reuse. Thus, it effectively improves the cleaning efficiency and reuse efficiency of the cutting head assembly, and at the same time, effectively reduces its cleaning cost.

[0023] 2. The rotating assembly disposed in the cylindrical shell of the present invention can realize pre-installing multiple cutting head assemblies in the cylindrical shell and achieving automatic rotating replacement of the multiple cutting head assemblies. Moreover, the installation of the cutting head assembly on the rotating assembly is a simple and convenient plug-in installation. Its structure is simple, the cost is low, and it is convenient for the installation and operation of the cleaning assembly serving as a cleaning device.

[0024] 3. In the present invention, the connecting and pushing component used to establish the connection between the collecting and discharging pipe in the β-ray absorption method measurement component and the cutting head component on the rotating assembly can push out the cutting head component connected to the collecting and discharging pipe in the β-ray absorption method measurement component from the outlet at the top of the cylindrical shell for air detection work, further improving the automation degree of the replacement operation of the cutting head component. At the same time, the shielding component located at the outlet can close and shield the outlet whether the cutting head component is working outside the cylindrical shell assembly, preventing dust or other sundries in the external air from entering the cylindrical shell and contaminating the internal cutting head component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is the overall schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is the schematic diagram of the cylindrical shell; Figure 3 is the sectional view showing the cooperation of the β-ray absorption method measurement component, the connecting and pushing component and the cutting head component; Figure 4 is the sectional view showing the cooperation of the β-ray absorption method measurement component and the connecting and pushing component; Figure 5 is the sectional view showing the cooperation of the connecting and pushing component, the cutting head component and the rotating assembly; Figure 6 is the partial sectional view showing the cooperation of the cutting head component and the rotating assembly; Figure 7 is the schematic diagram of the screw sleeve in the connecting and pushing component; Figure 8 is the schematic diagram of the connecting pipe in the connecting and pushing component; Figure 9 is the sectional view showing the cooperation of the cleaning component in the cylindrical shell with the cutting head component and the rotating assembly; Figure 10 is the partial sectional view showing the cooperation of the cleaning component and the rotating assembly; Figure 11 is the rotating assembly and its sectional view; Figure 12 is the cutting head component and its sectional view; Figure 13 is the sectional view of the first air duct in the cutting head component; Figure 14 is the sectional view of the drying component in the cutting head component; Figure 15 is the sectional view of the internal structure in the cutting cylinder of the cutting head component; Figure 16 is the schematic diagram of the cutting cylinder structure in the cutting head component; Figure 17 is the schematic diagram of two states of the cutting head component; Figure 18are two state sectional views of the threaded connection structure between the first air duct and the connecting pipe; Figure 19 are two state schematic diagrams of the shielding assembly; Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the shielding assembly and the connecting pipe; Figure 21 are two schematic diagrams of the baffle structure; Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the cutting head assembly in the cylindrical shell; Figure 23 is a sectional view of the spherical part structure on the collection and discharge pipe in the β-ray absorption method measurement assembly; Figure 24 is a sectional view of the cooperation between the slot on the spherical part of the collection and discharge pipe and the filter membrane; Names of the reference numerals in the figure: 101, cylindrical shell; 102, outlet; 200, β-ray absorption method measurement assembly; 201, filter membrane; 202, β-ray emitter; 203, β-ray receiver; 204, collection and discharge pipe; 205, spherical part; 206, slot; 207, first air pump; 208, three-way valve; 209, flowmeter; 210, first exhaust pipe; 211, second air pump; 300, connecting and top-feeding assembly; 301, first guide rod; 302, sliding sleeve; 303, first connecting rod; 304, first ring sleeve; 305, pulley; 306, synchronous belt; 307, first motor; 308, connecting pipe; 309, guide groove; 310, first guide sleeve; 311, rotating sleeve; 312, guide block; 313, first gear; 314, second gear; 315, second motor; 400, cutting head assembly; 401, first air duct; 402, first limiting ring; 403, rubber cushion layer; 404, drying assembly; 405, second air duct; 406, drying rod; 407, ferrule; 408, third air duct; 409, conical part; 410, cutting cylinder; 411, dust discharge port; 412, first rain shield; 413, second filter cloth; 414, first filter cloth; 415, second guide sleeve; 416, ejector rod; 417, conical plug; 418, second guide rod; 419, second connecting rod; 420, second ring sleeve; 421, ring plate; 422, third ring sleeve; 423, second limiting ring; 424, vent hole; 425, rain cap; 426, second rain shield; 427, third guide sleeve; 428, knob block; 500, rotating assembly; 501, fourth ring sleeve; 502, rotating shaft; 503, third gear; 504, fourth gear; 505, third motor; 506, connecting frame; 507, first socket; 508, annular groove; 509, first sealing washer; 510, second exhaust pipe; 511, second socket; 600. Cleaning component; 601. Third air pump; 602. Suction pipe; 603. Third exhaust pipe; 604. Collection cylinder; 605. Exhaust port; 606. Inlet pipe; 607. Hose; 608. Fourth exhaust pipe; 609. Second sealing washer; 700. Shielding component; 701. Fourth motor; 702. Axle seat; 703. Fifth gear; 704. Rack; 705. Fourth guide sleeve; 706. Third connecting rod; 707. Fifth guide sleeve; 708. Third guide rod; 709. First limit block; 710. First spring; 711. Top block; 712. Baffle; 713. Limit chute; 714. Semi-circular hole; 715. Card slot; 716. Step groove; 717. Slat; 718. Sixth guide sleeve; 719. Fixed block; 720. Second spring; 721. Second limit block. Detailed implementation manners

[0026] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0027] The serial numbers assigned to the components herein, such as "first", "second", etc., are only used to distinguish the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meanings. The "connection" and "coupling" mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specifically stated, both include direct and indirect connections (couplings). In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

[0028] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "under" the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0029] Such as Figures 1-24As shown, a detection device with an adaptive replaceable particulate detection cutting head is used for cutting, separating and detecting particles in the air, including: A β-ray absorption method measurement component 200 arranged in a cylindrical shell 101 for detecting particles collected from the air, mainly including a filter membrane 201, a β-ray emitter 202, a β-ray receiver 203, and an air collection and discharge pipe 204 for collecting and transporting air to the filter membrane 201.

[0030] A plurality of cutting head assemblies 400 for cutting and separating particles in the air. The cutting head assembly 400 includes a first air duct 401. The upper end of the first air duct 401 is connected to a third air duct 408 through a drying component 404. The upper end of the third air duct 408 is connected to a cutting cylinder 410 through a conical part 409. A first filter cloth 414 and a second filter cloth 413 are arranged up and down in the cutting cylinder 410. A top rod 416 passes upward through the first filter cloth 414 in the middle of the second filter cloth 413. A conical plug 417 for opening and closing the upper annular plate 421 is arranged at the upper end of the top rod 416. The conical plug 417 is connected to a second ring sleeve 420 for opening and closing the dust discharge port 411 on the wall of the cutting cylinder 410 through a plurality of second connecting rods 419. The upper end of the cutting cylinder 410 is threadedly connected to a third ring sleeve 422. A rain shield 425 forming an annular rainproof channel with the first rainproof edge 412 at the upper end of the cutting cylinder 410 is arranged at the upper end of the third ring sleeve 422. A plurality of ventilation holes 424 opposite to the annular rainproof channel are densely arranged on the third ring sleeve 422.

[0031] A rotating assembly 500 for installing the cutting head assembly 400 and rotatingly replacing the cutting head assembly 400 at the outlet 102 at the top of the cylindrical shell 101.

[0032] A connecting and top-feeding assembly 300 for connecting the air collection and discharge pipe 204 to the first air duct 401 in the cutting head assembly 400 at the outlet 102 and driving the cutting head assembly 400 to vertically enter and exit the outlet 102.

[0033] A cleaning assembly 600 for cleaning the first filter cloth 414 and the second filter cloth 413 in the cutting head assembly 400.

[0034] In a further embodiment, as Figure 12 、 15 shown, the top rod 416 slides in a sealed manner in a second guide sleeve 415 in the middle of the first filter cloth 414. A second guide rod 418 is arranged at the top of the conical plug 417. The second guide rod 418 slides in a third guide sleeve 427 in the middle of the rain shield 425. A second limiting ring 423 for cooperating with the upper end of the cutting cylinder 410 is arranged on the outer side of the third ring sleeve 422. A horizontal second rainproof edge 426 is arranged at the edge of the rain shield 425. A twist block 428 is arranged at the top end of the rain shield 425.

[0035] In a further embodiment, as Figure 12 , 14 shown, the drying assembly 404 includes a second air duct 405 threadedly connected to the first air duct 401 and the third air duct 408. A plurality of layers of drying rods 406 are arranged in the second air duct 405. Each layer of the drying rods 406 is formed by a plurality of drying rods 406 parallel to each other. Each layer of the drying rods 406 is parallel and perpendicular to the adjacent two layers of drying rods 406 respectively. The gaps of the two layers of drying rods 406 parallel to each other shield each other. Both ends of the drying rod 406 are fixed in the socket 407 on the pipe wall of the second air duct 405.

[0036] In a further embodiment, as Figure 3 , 4 , 19, 20 shown, a spherical portion 205 is provided on the collection and discharge pipe 204. The horizontal portion of the filter membrane 201 passes through the insertion slot 206 on the spherical portion 205. A three-way valve 208, a flow meter 209 and a first air pump 207 are provided on the collection and discharge pipe 204. The three-way valve 208 is located between the spherical portion 205 and the intake end of the collection and discharge pipe 204. The flow meter 209 is located between the three-way valve 208 and the spherical portion 205. The first air pump 207 is located between the spherical portion 205 and the exhaust end of the collection and discharge pipe 204. A seventh exhaust pipe for exhausting to the outside of the cylindrical shell 101 is connected to the three-way valve 208. A second air pump 211 is provided on the seventh exhaust pipe.

[0037] In a further embodiment, as Figure 3 , 4As shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, the connecting and top-feeding assembly 300 includes two vertically distributed pulleys 305. The two pulleys 305 are arranged on a bracket inside the cylindrical shell 101 through a wheel axle. The wheel axle where one pulley 305 is located is in transmission connection with a first motor 307 on the bracket. A synchronous belt 306 is arranged on the two pulleys 305. The synchronous belt 306 is connected with a sliding sleeve 302 and a first ring sleeve 304 through a first connecting rod 303. The sliding sleeve 302 slides vertically on a first guide rod 301 on the bracket. The lower end of the first ring sleeve 304 is connected with a collecting and discharging pipe 204. The upper end of the first ring sleeve 304 rotatably arranges a connecting pipe 308 which is in threaded fit with the lower end of the first air guide pipe 401. The connecting pipe 308 slides and rotates in a first guide sleeve 310 on the bracket. The lower end of the first guide sleeve 310 rotatably arranges a rotating sleeve 311 which is axially slidably matched with the connecting pipe 308. The inner wall of the rotating sleeve 311 is provided with two guide blocks 312 which are circumferentially spaced 180 degrees apart. The guide blocks 312 slide in a guide groove 309 outside the connecting pipe 308. A first gear 313 is arranged on the rotating sleeve 311. The first gear 313 meshes with a second gear 314. The second gear 314 is arranged on the output shaft of a second motor 315 on the bracket.

[0038] In a further embodiment, as Figure 5 、 11 shown, the rotating assembly 500 includes a rotating shaft 502 coaxial with the cylindrical shell 101. The rotating shaft 502 is rotatably arranged in a fourth ring sleeve 501 on a bracket inside the cylindrical shell 101 and is driven to rotate by a third motor 505 on the bracket. A connecting frame 506 is arranged on the rotating shaft 502. A plurality of first sockets 507 which are circumferentially evenly distributed around the axis of the rotating shaft 502 and are used for inserting the cutting head assembly 400 are arranged on the connecting frame 506. An annular groove 508 opposite to a dust exhaust port 411 on a cutting cylinder 410 in the cutting head assembly 400 is arranged on the inner wall of the first socket 507. A second exhaust pipe 510 communicated with the annular groove 508 is arranged on the wall surface of the annular groove 508.

[0039] In a further embodiment, as Figure 5 shown, a third gear 503 is arranged on the rotating shaft 502. The third gear 503 meshes with a fourth gear 504 on the output shaft of the third motor 505.

[0040] In a further embodiment, as Figure 10 、 12 、13, and 18 shown, a rubber cushion layer 403 which is in threaded fit with the upper external thread of the connecting pipe 308 is arranged on the upper spiral surface of the internal thread at the lower end of the first air guide pipe 401. A first limiting ring 402 for limiting the connecting pipe 308 is arranged inside the first air guide pipe 401.

[0041] In a further embodiment, as Figure 5 , 9 , as shown in Figures 10 and 11, the cleaning assembly 600 includes a third air pump 601 disposed on the inner bracket of the cylindrical shell 101 and a collection cylinder 604 disposed in the second socket 511 in the middle of the connecting frame 506. An air suction pipe 602 for sucking air from outside the cylindrical shell 101 is provided at the air inlet of the third air pump 601. A third exhaust pipe 603 mating with the lower end of the first socket 507 is provided at the air outlet of the third air pump 601. A second sealing washer 609 mating with the first sealing washer 509 at the lower end of the first socket 507 is provided at the upper end of the third exhaust pipe 603. An exhaust port 605 is provided at the top of the collection cylinder 604. The exhaust port 605 is rotatably mated with a fourth exhaust pipe 608 for exhausting air to the outside of the cylindrical shell 101. A plurality of introduction pipes 606 corresponding to the second exhaust pipes 510 one by one and guiding air to the inner bottom of the collection cylinder 604 are provided on the cylinder wall of the collection cylinder 604. The guide pipes are connected to the corresponding second exhaust pipes 510 through hoses 607. The collection cylinder 604 is filled with dust filtering materials.

[0042] In a further embodiment, as Figure 1 , 2As shown in FIGS. 19, 20, and 21, a shielding assembly 700 for opening and closing is provided at the outlet 102 at the top of the cylindrical shell 101. The shielding assembly 700 includes a fourth motor 701 provided at the top end of the cylindrical shell 101. The output shaft of the fourth motor 701 is rotatably provided in a shaft seat 702 at the top end of the cylindrical shell 101. A fifth gear 703 is provided on the output shaft of the fourth motor 701. The fifth gear 703 meshes with two racks 704 that slide in opposite directions in a fourth guide sleeve 705 at the top end of the cylindrical shell 101. The ends of both racks 704 are connected to a fifth guide sleeve 707 through a third connecting rod 706. A third guide rod 708 parallel to the rack 704 is slidably provided in each fifth guide sleeve 707. A top block 711 is provided at the end of the third guide rod 708. A first spring 710 is connected between the top block 711 and the fifth guide sleeve 707. A first limit block 709 is provided on the third guide rod 708 to prevent it from detaching from the fifth guide sleeve 707. A baffle 712 and a slat 717 are respectively provided on the two top blocks 711. The slat 717 is slidably provided in a sixth guide sleeve 718. A baffle 712 is provided on the sixth guide sleeve 718. The baffle 712 and the fifth guide sleeve 707 respectively slide in a limit chute 713 on the corresponding baffle 712. A semi-circular hole 714 that cooperates with the connecting pipe 308 and is opened and closed by the slat 717 is provided on the side end of the baffle 712. The third connecting rod 706 corresponding to the baffle 712 where the slat 717 is located is connected to a fixed block 719 on the corresponding baffle 712 through a second spring 720. A card slot 715 that cooperates with a second limit block 721 at the top end of the cylindrical shell 101 when the two baffles 712 close the outlet 102 is provided on the end side of the baffle 712. A stepped groove 716 for the two baffles 712 to be hermetically closed is provided on the end side of the baffle 712.

[0043] In the present invention, the cutting head assembly 400 can complete the reverse self-cleaning of the first filter cloth 414 and the second filter cloth 413 that have accumulated a lot of large particles inside it through its cooperation with the cleaning assembly 600 disposed within the cylindrical shell 101. Moreover, the dust generated during the cleaning of the cutting head assembly 400 is collected without diffusion, ensuring that the air in the environment around the cutting head assembly 400 is not polluted. Thus, the true reliability of the air detection of the corresponding area by the working cutting head assembly 400 is guaranteed. The cleaning assembly 600 participating in the self-cleaning function of the cutting head assembly 400 does not require special manual collection to return the cutting head assembly 400 to the factory for cleaning and reuse. Thereby, the cleaning efficiency and the reuse efficiency of the cutting head assembly 400 are effectively improved. At the same time, the cleaning cost is effectively reduced. In the present invention, the rotating assembly 500 disposed within the cylindrical shell 101 can achieve pre-installation of multiple cutting head assemblies 400 within the cylindrical shell 101 and realize the automatic rotating replacement of the multiple cutting head assemblies 400. Moreover, the installation of the cutting head assembly 400 onto the rotating assembly 500 is a simple and convenient plug-in installation. Its structure is simple, the cost is low, and it is convenient for the installation and operation of the cleaning assembly 600 serving as the cleaning device. In the present invention, the connection and pushing assembly 300 for establishing the connection between the collection and discharge pipe 204 in the β-ray absorption method measurement assembly 200 and the cutting head assembly 400 on the rotating assembly 500 can push out the cutting head assembly 400 connected to the collection and discharge pipe 204 in the β-ray absorption method measurement assembly 200 from the outlet 102 at the top of the cylindrical shell 101 for air detection work, further improving the degree of automation of the replacement operation of the cutting head assembly 400. At the same time, the shielding assembly 700 located at the outlet 102 can close and shield the outlet 102 whether the cutting head assembly 400 is working outside the cylindrical shell 101 assembly or not, preventing dust or other sundries in the external air from entering the cylindrical shell 101 and contaminating the internal cutting head assembly 400.

[0044] The operation process of the present invention is as follows: In the initial state, such as Figure 19As shown, the two baffles 712 of the shielding component 700 close the outlet 102 at the top of the cylindrical shell 101. The second limiting block 721 is located in the clamping grooves 715 on the two baffles 712. The two first springs 710 are in a compressed state, the second spring 720 is in a stretched state, and the slat 717 closes the semi-circular holes 714 on the two baffles 712. The collection cylinder 604 is inserted into the second socket 511, and the cutting head assembly 400 is inserted into each first socket 507. The upper end of the connecting pipe 308 shrinks into the first guide sleeve 310. The cutting head assembly 400 in one of the first sockets 507 faces the outlet 102 and the connecting pipe 308. The lower end of one of the first sockets 507 faces the third exhaust pipe 603 of the cleaning component 600, and the second sealing washer 609 at the upper end of the third exhaust pipe 603 fits tightly with the first sealing washer 509 at the lower end of the corresponding first socket 507. The first filter cloth 414 and the second filter cloth 413 in the cutting head assembly 400 are both in a concave state. The tapered plug 417 opens the corresponding ring plate 421, and the second ring sleeve 420 closes the dust discharge port 411.

[0045] When it is necessary to use the cutting head assembly 400 to cut and separate particles from the air, first start the fourth motor 701 to drive the two baffles 712 to open the outlet 102. After the two baffles 712 are fully opened, the two first springs 710 release energy and remain in a compressed state. The two fifth guide sleeves 707 reach the extreme ends of the upper limit sliding grooves 713 on the corresponding baffles 712 under the action of the corresponding second springs 720. The second spring 720 releases energy and remains in a stretched state. The slat 717 opens the semi-circular holes 714 on the two baffles 712.

[0046] Then, start the first motor 307 and the second motor 315. The first motor 307 drives the first ring sleeve 304 to move upward. The lower end of the first ring sleeve 304 drives the intake end of the collection and exhaust pipe 204 to move accordingly. The collection and exhaust pipe 204 drives the connecting pipe 308 to move upward. At the same time, the second motor 315 drives the rotating sleeve 311 to rotate. The rotating sleeve 311 drives the connecting pipe 308 to rotate. Finally, the connecting pipe 308 enters the corresponding first socket 507 and completes a threaded connection with the first air guide pipe 401 in the corresponding cutting head assembly 400. And the external thread at the upper end of the connecting pipe 308 interacts with the lower helical surface of the internal thread of the first air guide pipe 401 and has a gap with the upper helical surface of the internal thread of the first air guide pipe 401. After the connecting pipe 308 and the first air guide pipe 401 are connected, the connecting pipe 308 contacts the first limiting ring 402 in the first air guide pipe 401.

[0047] As Figure 17 described, then, the connecting pipe 308 drives the cutting head connected to it to move completely upward outside the cylindrical shell 101 under the drive of the first motor 307, and a part of the connecting pipe 308 reaches outside the cylindrical shell 101.

[0048] Next, start the fourth motor 701 to drive the two baffles 712 to close the outlet 102. The connecting pipe 308 is located in the semi-circular holes 714 on the two baffles 712 and is in close contact with the inner wall of the semi-circular holes 714 to form a seal.

[0049] After the cutting head assembly 400 reaches outside the cylindrical shell 101 through the outlet 102, the cutting head assembly 400 starts to work. First, adjust the three-way valve 208 to the side of the second air pump 211 and start the second air pump 211, so that the air intake at the intake end of the air collection and discharge pipe 204 does not reach the spherical part 205 through the flow meter 209. The second air pump 211 generates negative pressure in the cutting head assembly 400 outside the cylindrical shell 101 through the first exhaust pipe 210, the air collection and discharge pipe 204, the first annular sleeve 304, and the connecting pipe 308. The particulate-containing air originally stored in the cutting head assembly 400, the connecting pipe 308, and the air collection and discharge pipe 204 and isolated from the outside air is exhausted, thereby preventing the particulate-containing air originally stored in the cutting head assembly 400, the connecting pipe 308, and the air collection and discharge pipe 204 and isolated from the outside air from contaminating the air in the corresponding area to be detected when entering the cutting head assembly 400, the connecting pipe 308, and the air collection and discharge pipe 204, and ensuring the authenticity of the air detection data.

[0050] After the particulate-containing air originally stored in the cutting head assembly 400, the connecting pipe 308, and the air collection and discharge pipe 204 and isolated from the outside air is exhausted, adjust the three-way valve 208 to the side of the β-ray absorption method measurement group again to block the side of the second air pump 211 and start the first air pump 207. The first air pump 207 generates negative pressure in the air collection and discharge pipe 204 again. The outside air enters the cutting cylinder 410 through the annular rainproof channel formed by the rain shield 425 and the first rain shield edge 412 in the cutting head assembly 400, the ventilation holes 424 on the wall of the third annular sleeve 422, and the annular plate 421. The second rain shield edge 426 at the edge of the rain shield 425 will reduce the water vapor entering the annular rainproof channel with the air, ensuring that the air entering the cutting cylinder 410 is kept as dry as possible.

[0051] The air entering the cutting cylinder 410 passes through the filtration of the first filter cloth 414 and the second filter cloth 413 in sequence and then enters the third air duct 408. The first filter cloth 414 and the second filter cloth 413 separate and block large particles in the air. The PM2.5 particles in the air enter the third air duct 408 along with the air. The air entering the third air duct 408 continues to undergo drying treatment by the drying assembly 404 and reaches the first air duct 401. During the process that the air mainly containing PM2.5 particles passes through the drying assembly 404, the multi-layer drying rods 406 in the drying assembly 404 effectively dry the air containing PM2.5 particles. Since each layer of drying rods 406 is parallel to its adjacent layer of drying rods 406 and forms a block for the gaps between each other, the air will bypass each layer of drying rods 406 during the process of passing through the drying assembly 404 and then reach the gaps of the next layer of drying rods 406. Therefore, several layers of drying rods 406 in the drying assembly 404 can effectively dry the air.

[0052] The air reaching the first air duct 401 is exhausted from the cylindrical shell 101 through the connecting pipe 308, the first collar 304, the collection and discharge pipe 204, the three-way valve 208, the flowmeter 209, the spherical part 205, and the first air pump 207. When the air in the collection and discharge pipe 204 passes through the filter membrane 201 passing through the slot 206 on the spherical part 205, the PM2.5 particles in the air stay on the filter membrane 201 with a certain thickness. When the thickness of the particles on the filter membrane 201 reaches the requirement, the β-ray absorption method measurement group drives the filter membrane 201 to move a certain distance. The PM2.5 particles with a certain thickness collected on the filter membrane 201 reach between the β-ray emitter 202 and the β-ray receiver 203 for detection. The new position on the filter membrane 201 reaches the inside of the spherical part 205 and is opposite to the collection and discharge pipe 204. At the same time, start the fourth motor 701 to drive the two baffles 712 to open the outlet 102. After the outlet 102 is opened, start the first motor 307 to drive the connecting pipe 308 to enter the cylindrical shell 101 downward to reset and drive the corresponding cutting head assembly 400 to enter the cylindrical shell 101. After the cutting head assembly 400 enters the cylindrical shell 101, start the fourth motor 701 to drive the two baffles 712 to close the outlet 102, and the slat 717 closes the semi-circular holes 714 on the two baffles 712.

[0053] After the work is completed and the cutting head assembly 400 returning to the cylindrical shell 101 is reset, start the first motor 307 and the second motor 315. The first motor 307 and the second motor 315 jointly drive the first air duct 401 connected to the cutting head assembly 400 to disconnect and reset. Start the third motor 505 to drive the rotating shaft 502 to drive the connecting frame 506 to rotate. The connecting frame 506 drives all the cutting head assemblies 400 to rotate by one working position, and the adjacent new cutting head assembly 400 reaches below the outlet 102 and is opposite to the connecting pipe 308.

[0054] After the new cutting head assembly 400 reaches outside the cylindrical shell 101 under the extension port 102 to complete the work, enters the cylindrical shell 101 to complete the reset and disconnects from the connecting pipe 308, the third motor 505 is started to drive all the cutting head assemblies 400 to rotate another station, so that the first air duct 401 of the cutting head assembly 400 that has completed the work first is opposite to the third exhaust pipe 603 in the cleaning assembly 600. The second sealing gasket 609 at the upper end of the third exhaust pipe 603 is squeezed and butted against the first sealing gasket 509 at the lower end of the first air duct 401 of the cutting head assembly 400, so that the first air duct 401 in the cutting head assembly 400 that has completed the work first is hermetically connected to the third exhaust pipe 603. Then, the third air pump 601 is started to send clean air into the third exhaust pipe 603 through the suction pipe 602. The air entering the third exhaust pipe 603 moves upward, passes through the drying assembly 404, and pushes up the second filter cloth 413 and the first filter cloth 414. The second filter cloth 413 drives the tapered plug 417 to close the ring plate 421 through the ejector rod 416. The tapered plug 417 drives the second ring sleeve 420 to open the dust discharge port 411 through the second connecting rod 419. The air pushed up to the first filter cloth 414 and the second filter cloth 413 by the drying assembly 404 successively passes through the second filter cloth 413, the first filter cloth 414 and the dust discharge port 411 and reaches the annular groove 508 on the corresponding first socket 507. The air carries the particles on the first filter cloth 414 and the second filter cloth 413 and reaches the annular groove 508 on the corresponding first socket 507. The air carrying the particles on the first filter cloth 414 and the second filter cloth 413 enters the bottom of the collection cylinder 604 through the corresponding second exhaust pipe 510, the hose 607 and the inlet pipe 606. The particles in the air entering the bottom of the collection cylinder 604 are retained at the bottom of the collection cylinder 604 under the blockage of the dust filtering material and will not reach outside the cylindrical shell 101 with the air. The air filtered by the dust filtering material reaches outside the cylindrical shell 101 through the exhaust port 605 and the fourth exhaust pipe 608 without causing pollution to the outside world, thus completing the reverse self-cleaning of the first filter cloth 414 and the second filter cloth 413 in the cutting head assembly 400.

[0055] As Figure 18 shown, during the process of the cutting head assembly 400 working outside the cylindrical shell 101, since the connecting pipe 308 supports the cutting head assembly 400, the upper helical surface of the internal thread of the first air duct 401 of the cutting head assembly 400 abuts against the external thread of the connecting pipe 308. The rubber cushion layer 403 forms shock absorption and buffering between the connecting pipe 308 and the first air duct 401 of the cutting head assembly 400, avoiding the formation of a large mutual force between the cutting head assembly 400 and the connecting pipe 308 and jamming under the action of the wind, and facilitating the reset and disengagement of the connecting pipe 308 and the cutting head assembly 400.

Claims

1. A detection device with an adaptive replaceable particulate matter detection cutting head, which is used for cutting, separating and detecting particles in the air, and is characterized in that, Including: A β-ray absorption method measurement component disposed inside a cylindrical shell, used for detecting particles collected from the air, mainly including a filter membrane, a β-ray emitter, a β-ray receiver, and an air collection and discharge pipe for transporting air to the filter membrane; A plurality of cutting head components for cutting and separating particles in the air. The cutting head component includes a first air duct. The upper end of the first air duct is connected to a third air duct through a drying component. The upper end of the third air duct is connected to a cutting cylinder through a conical part. The cutting cylinder is provided with a first filter cloth and a second filter cloth distributed vertically. A top rod passes upward through the first filter cloth in the middle of the second filter cloth. A conical plug for opening and closing the upper ring plate is provided at the upper end of the top rod. The conical plug is connected to a second ring sleeve for opening and closing the dust discharge port on the wall of the cutting cylinder through a plurality of second connecting rods. The upper end of the cutting cylinder is threadedly connected to a third ring sleeve. A rain shield is provided at the upper end of the third ring sleeve, forming an annular rainproof channel with the first rain shield at the upper end of the cutting cylinder. The third ring sleeve is densely provided with ventilation holes opposite to the annular rainproof channel; A rotating component for installing the cutting head component and rotating and replacing the cutting head component at the outlet at the top of the cylindrical shell; A connecting and top-feeding component for connecting the air collection and discharge pipe to the first air duct in the cutting head component at the outlet and driving the cutting head component to vertically enter and exit the outlet; A cleaning component for cleaning the first filter cloth and the second filter cloth in the cutting head component.

2. The detection device with an adaptive particulate matter detection cutting head replacement according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top rod is sealed and slid in a second guide sleeve in the middle of the first filter cloth. A second guide rod is provided at the top of the conical plug. The second guide rod slides in a third guide sleeve in the middle of the rain shield. A second limiting ring for cooperating with the upper end of the cutting cylinder is provided on the outer side of the third ring sleeve. A horizontal second rain shield is provided at the edge of the rain shield. A twisting block is provided at the top of the rain shield.

3. The detection device with an adaptive replacement particulate matter detection cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying component includes a second air duct threadedly connected to the first air duct and the third air duct. A plurality of layers of drying rods are provided inside the second air duct. Each layer of drying rods is formed by a plurality of mutually parallel drying rods. Each layer of drying rods is parallel and perpendicular to the adjacent two layers of drying rods respectively. The gaps between the two mutually parallel layers of drying rods block each other. The two ends of the drying rods are fixed in the clamping sleeves on the pipe wall of the second air duct.

4. The detection device with an adaptive particulate matter detection cutting head replacement according to claim 1, characterized in that, A spherical part is provided on the air collection and discharge pipe. The horizontal part of the filter membrane passes through the insertion slot on the spherical part. A three-way valve, a flow meter, and a first air pump are provided on the air collection and discharge pipe. The three-way valve is located between the spherical part and the intake end of the air collection and discharge pipe. The flow meter is located between the three-way valve and the spherical part. The first air pump is located between the spherical part and the exhaust end of the air collection and discharge pipe. The three-way valve is connected to a seventh exhaust pipe for exhausting outside the cylindrical shell. A second air pump is provided on the seventh exhaust pipe.

5. The detection device with an adaptive replaceable particulate matter detection cutting head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The described connecting and top-feeding assembly includes two vertically distributed pulleys. The two pulleys are arranged on a bracket inside the cylindrical shell through a wheel shaft. The wheel shaft where one pulley is located is in transmission connection with a first motor on the bracket. A synchronous belt is arranged on the two pulleys. The synchronous belt is connected with a sliding sleeve and a first ring sleeve through a first connecting rod. The sliding sleeve slides vertically on a first guide rod on the bracket. The lower end of the first ring sleeve is connected to a collecting and discharging pipe. Inside the upper end of the first ring sleeve, a connecting pipe in threaded fit with the lower end of a first air guide pipe is rotatably arranged. The connecting pipe slides and rotates in a first guide sleeve on the bracket. The lower end of the first guide sleeve is rotatably provided with a rotating sleeve that axially slides in cooperation with the connecting pipe. The inner wall of the rotating sleeve is provided with two guide blocks circumferentially spaced 180 degrees apart. The guide blocks slide in guide grooves outside the connecting pipe. A first gear is arranged on the rotating sleeve. The first gear meshes with a second gear. The second gear is arranged on the output shaft of a second motor on the bracket.

6. The detection device with an adaptive particulate matter detection cutting head replacement according to claim 1, wherein, The described rotating assembly includes a rotating shaft coaxial with the cylindrical shell. The rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in a fourth ring sleeve on a bracket inside the cylindrical shell and is driven to rotate by a third motor on the bracket. A connecting frame is arranged on the rotating shaft. A plurality of first sockets for inserting cutting head assemblies are arranged on the connecting frame and are circumferentially and evenly distributed around the axis of the rotating shaft. An annular groove opposite to the dust exhaust port on the cutting cylinder in the cutting head assembly is arranged on the inner wall of the first socket. A second exhaust pipe communicating with the wall surface of the annular groove is arranged on the wall surface of the annular groove.

7. The detection device with an adaptive particulate matter detection cutting head replacement according to claim 6, wherein, A third gear is arranged on the rotating shaft. The third gear meshes with a fourth gear on the output shaft of the third motor.

8. The detection device with an adaptive particle detection cutting head replacement according to claim 5, characterized in that, On the upper spiral surface of the internal thread at the lower end of the first air guide pipe, a rubber cushion layer in threaded fit with the external thread at the upper end of the connecting pipe is arranged. A first limiting ring for limiting the connecting pipe is arranged inside the first air guide pipe.

9. The detection device with an adaptive replaceable particulate matter detection cutting head according to claim 6, characterized in that, The described cleaning assembly includes a third air pump arranged on a bracket inside the cylindrical shell and a collecting cylinder arranged in a second socket in the middle of the connecting frame. An air suction pipe for sucking air from outside the cylindrical shell is arranged at the air inlet of the third air pump. A third exhaust pipe in butt joint and cooperation with the lower end of the first socket is arranged at the air outlet of the third air pump. A second sealing washer in cooperation with the first sealing washer at the lower end of the first socket is arranged at the upper end of the third exhaust pipe. An exhaust port is arranged at the top of the collecting cylinder. The exhaust port is in rotating fit with a fourth exhaust pipe for exhausting air to the outside of the cylindrical shell. A plurality of inlet pipes corresponding to the second exhaust pipes one by one and guiding air to the inner bottom of the collecting cylinder are arranged on the barrel wall of the collecting cylinder. The air guide pipe is connected to the corresponding second exhaust pipe through a hose. The collecting cylinder is filled with dust filtering materials.

10. The detection device with an adaptive particulate matter detection cutting head replacement according to claim 5, wherein At the outlet at the top of the cylindrical shell, there is a shielding component for opening and closing it. The shielding component includes a fourth motor arranged at the top end of the cylindrical shell. The output shaft of the fourth motor is rotatably arranged in a shaft seat at the top end of the cylindrical shell. A fifth gear is arranged on the output shaft of the fourth motor. The fifth gear meshes with two racks that slide in opposite directions in a fourth guide sleeve at the top end of the cylindrical shell. The ends of the two racks are both connected with fifth guide sleeves through third connecting rods. Third guide rods parallel to the racks are slidably arranged in the fifth guide sleeves. A top block is arranged at the end of the third guide rod. A first spring is connected between the top block and the fifth guide sleeve. A first limiting block for preventing the third guide rod from disengaging from the fifth guide sleeve is arranged on the third guide rod. A baffle plate and a strip are respectively arranged on the two top blocks. The strip is slidably arranged in a sixth guide sleeve. A baffle plate is arranged on the sixth guide sleeve. The baffle plate and the fifth guide sleeve respectively slide in limiting chute grooves on the corresponding baffle plates. A semi-circular hole that cooperates with the connecting pipe and is opened and closed by the strip is formed at the side end of the baffle plate. The third connecting rod corresponding to the baffle plate where the strip is located is connected with a fixed block on the corresponding baffle plate through a second spring. A clamping groove that cooperates with a second limiting block at the top end of the cylindrical shell when the two baffle plates close the outlet is formed at the end side of the baffle plate. A stepped groove for making the two baffle plates seal and close is formed at the end side of the baffle plate.

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