Aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid, battery and preparation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and particularly discloses an aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid, a battery and a preparation method of the battery. The electrolyte takes water as a solvent and comprises zinc salt and a maleamic acid additive. Maleamic acid forms a stable interface protection layer on the surface of zinc through selective adsorption of polar carboxyl functional groups of maleamic acid, so that the free water activity of an electrode / electrolyte interface is remarkably reduced, and hydrogen evolution and byproducts are inhibited; the nucleation overpotential of zinc deposition is improved, and uniform nucleation of zinc ions is promoted; and the zinc crystal face is induced to preferentially grow, and a compact and ordered deposition layer dominated by the (101) crystal face is formed, so that dendritic crystals are inhibited. A battery assembled by adopting the electrolyte shows excellent cycling stability. The electrolyte provided by the invention is simple in formula, low in cost and environment-friendly, provides a new solution for developing a water-based zinc ion battery with high safety and long service life, and has important application value in the field of large-scale energy storage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and particularly relates to an aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid, an aqueous zinc ion battery assembled using the electrolyte, and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the accelerating transformation of the global energy structure, the expansion of industrial production scale, the booming development of the new energy vehicle industry, and the rapid rise of information industries such as artificial intelligence, the demand for efficient energy storage technologies has shown an explosive growth. Among many energy storage technologies, electrochemical energy storage has become one of the core technologies supporting the modern energy system due to its significant advantages such as controllable cost, high energy conversion efficiency, and wide application scenarios. Secondary batteries represented by lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and zinc ion batteries play a key role in different fields as important carriers of electrochemical energy storage.

[0003] Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density and long cycle life and dominate in fields such as consumer electronics, new energy vehicles, and medical devices. However, lithium-ion batteries use organic electrolytes, which are flammable and explosive. Moreover, during the charge and discharge process, the lithium metal negative electrode is prone to generate sharp dendrites. When the dendrites pierce the separator and cause a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes, the large amount of heat instantaneously released inside the battery will cause the electrolyte to burn violently, greatly limiting the application expansion of lithium-ion batteries in the field of large-scale energy storage.

[0004] Aqueous zinc ion batteries use aqueous solutions as electrolytes, eliminating the safety hazards brought by organic electrolytes at the source, and having outstanding advantages such as high intrinsic safety and environmental friendliness. At the same time, zinc is rich in the earth's crust and relatively inexpensive. Aqueous zinc ion batteries are regarded as an important development direction for the next generation of energy storage technologies due to their multiple advantages such as rich resources, low cost, and easy recycling. However, the problem of dendrite growth on the zinc metal negative electrode has become the key bottleneck restricting the industrialization of aqueous zinc ion batteries.

[0005] Existing research has confirmed that achieving a single preferred orientation of zinc deposition crystal planes is the core strategy to inhibit dendrite growth. Currently, the mainstream solutions include modifying electrolyte additives, artificially constructing electrode protection layers, optimizing the structure of metallic zinc anodes, etc. Among them, electrolyte additives have become a research hotspot in academia and industry due to their simple operation and significant regulation effects. However, traditional additives generally have problems such as strong toxicity (such as fluorine-containing compounds), high corrosiveness (such as strongly acidic additives), and high economic costs. Moreover, under high current density (>5 mA / cm²) conditions, it is difficult to effectively extend the battery cycle life. Existing additives mostly focus on regulating the preferred orientation of the (002) crystal plane. Although this crystal plane has a low surface energy and a high packing density, lattice mismatch is extremely likely to occur during the deposition process, resulting in stress concentration in zinc crystals and uneven local electric field distribution, triggering secondary growth of dendrites during subsequent deposition processes. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the technical bottlenecks of uncontrollable dendrite growth and serious interfacial side reactions of zinc anodes in existing aqueous zinc-ion batteries, the present invention proposes an innovative solution to regulate the electrode / electrolyte interface through molecular design, aiming to achieve uniform deposition of zinc ions and inhibit side reactions, thereby improving the cycle stability and safety of the battery.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: An aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid, which includes a solvent, a zinc salt, and maleamic acid in terms of components. The mass ratio of maleamic acid to the solvent is (1-10):100, and the addition concentration of the zinc salt in the solvent is 1-3 mol / kg.

[0008] As a further improvement of the aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid: Preferably, the zinc salt is ZnSO4 or Zn(ClO4)2.

[0009] Preferably, the solvent is deionized water.

[0010] The second object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of the above aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid, which includes the following steps: adding maleamic acid to deionized water, heating and dissolving to form a homogeneous solution, and after cooling to room temperature, adding the zinc salt and stirring until completely dissolved.

[0011] As a further improvement of the preparation method of the above aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid: Preferably, the temperature for heating and dissolving maleamic acid in deionized water is 60-80 °C.

[0012] The third object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous zinc-ion battery assembled with the electrolyte containing maleamic acid.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above aqueous zinc-ion battery: Preferably, the aqueous zinc-ion battery is assembled by sequentially stacking a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode, a gasket, and a shrapnel, and then injecting an electrolyte.

[0014] Preferably, the material of the positive electrode is NH4V4O 10 or Cu.

[0015] Preferably, the negative electrode is a zinc sheet.

[0016] Preferably, the separator is glass fiber or filter paper.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows: (1) The present invention provides an electrolyte for an aqueous zinc-ion battery, which uses deionized water as a solvent and contains a zinc salt solute and a maleamic acid functional additive. As an endogenous metabolite of animals and plants, maleamic acid can be prepared at low cost by a biological fermentation method, and has the characteristics of non-toxic, harmless, environmentally friendly, and low cost, avoiding the toxicity and corrosiveness problems of traditional fluorine-containing and cyanide-containing additives; The unique molecular structure of maleamic acid realizes multi-dimensional regulation of the microenvironment at the zinc negative electrode interface: the carboxyl functional group of maleamic acid anchors on the surface of the zinc negative electrode through strong chemical adsorption (adsorption energy < -2.3 eV), constructs a molecular barrier at the electrode / electrolyte interface, can reduce the water content at the electrode / electrolyte interface to reduce the hydrogen evolution side reaction, and the Coulomb efficiency is increased to 99.3%; at the same time, the nucleation overpotential of zinc atoms is increased by 15 mV through molecular-metal interaction to promote uniform nucleation; through the selective adsorption of maleamic acid on different crystal planes of zinc, the zinc deposition process can be accurately regulated, inducing a highly preferred orientation of crystal planes, realizing dense and ordered zinc deposition dominated by the (101) crystal plane, effectively improving the cycle stability of the aqueous zinc-ion battery at high current density, and providing a new technical path for breaking through the industrialization bottleneck of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. In contrast, the lattice mismatch degree of the (101) crystal plane is only 1 / 3 of that of the (002) crystal plane, which is more conducive to realizing a uniform and dense zinc deposition layer, forming a dense deposition with the diffraction intensity ratio of the (101) crystal plane accounting for more than 80%, and the performance of inhibiting dendrites is significantly higher than that of conventional electrolyte systems.

[0018] (2) The present invention provides a preparation method for an electrolyte, which adopts a "gradient dissolution-room temperature mixing" process. The gradient dissolution process can ensure the uniform dispersion of additive molecules and avoid agglomeration phenomena. There is no need for complex conditions such as an inert atmosphere, high temperature, and high pressure, and the preparation cost is lower than that of the "water-in-salt" system; the electrolyte formula can be engineered to meet the requirements of large-scale production.

[0019] (3) For the battery assembled with the aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid of the present invention, the capacity of the battery can reach 420 mAh g -1Above, and the cycle life is significantly increased. Zn / / NH4V4O 10 After the full cell is cycled 900 times at a current density of 5 Ag -1 , the discharge specific capacity still remains at 350 mA hg -1 , and the capacity retention rate reaches 95%. However, the control group using the conventional electrolyte fails due to short circuit after 300 cycles. The Zn / / Zn symmetric cell can stably operate for more than 80 hours under the condition of 20 mA cm -2 - 20 mAh cm -2 . This is 5 times higher than the control group without additives (<16 hours). Moreover, the deposition height of the negative electrode always remains below 35 μm, eliminating the risk of dendrite piercing the separator, demonstrating excellent interfacial stability and safety, and providing an innovative solution for the field of large-scale energy storage. The synergistic effect of zinc salt and maleamic acid can in-situ form a mechanically flexible composite interface layer on the surface of the zinc negative electrode, effectively blocking side reactions and buffering the stress of volume change, prolonging the cycle life of the aqueous zinc-ion battery, and promoting the industrial application of the aqueous zinc-ion battery. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 At a current density of 20 mA cm -2 XRD comparison diagrams of zinc sheets deposited for 0.5 hours in the electrolytes prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3, respectively.

[0021] Figure 2 For Zn / / Zn symmetric cells assembled with the electrolytes prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3, at 20 mA cm -2 -20 mAh cm -2 Comparison diagram of cycle performance under the test conditions.

[0022] Figure 3 For the Zn / / Zn symmetric cell assembled with the electrolytes prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Example 2, at 20 mA cm -2 -20 mAh cm -2 Three-dimensional confocal images of the surface after cycling under the test conditions.

[0023] Figure 4 For the Zn / / Zn symmetric cell assembled with the electrolytes prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Example 2, at 20 mA cm -2 -20 mAh cm -2 DMT modulus of the surface after cycling under the test conditions.

[0024] Figure 5 For Zn / / Cu half cells assembled with the electrolytes prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3, at 0.2 mA cm -2 -0.2 mAh cm-2 Coulombic efficiency under test conditions.

[0025] Figure 6 For the Zn / / NH4V4O all - battery assembled with the electrolytes prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1 - 3 10 at a current density of 5 Ag -1 Comparison chart of cycling performance.

[0026] Figure 7 For the Zn / / NH4V4O all - battery assembled with the electrolytes prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 10 at a current density of 1 Ag -1 Capacity - voltage curve.

[0027] Figure 8 For the Zn / / Zn symmetric battery assembled with the electrolytes prepared in Comparative Example 2 and Examples 4 - 6, at 20 mA cm -2 - 20 mAh cm -2 Comparison chart of cycling performance under test conditions.

[0028] Figure 9 For the Zn / / Cu half - battery assembled with the electrolytes prepared in Comparative Example 2 and Examples 4 - 6, at 0.2 mA cm -2 - 0.2 mAh cm -2 Coulombic efficiency under test conditions. Detailed implementation mode

[0029] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further elaborates on the present invention in combination with examples. Based on the examples in the present invention, all other examples obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides an aqueous zinc - ion battery electrolyte, and its preparation method includes the following steps: Add 0.3 mol of zinc perchlorate to 100 g of deionized water, with an added concentration of 3 mol / kg, to obtain ordinary aqueous zinc - ion battery electrolyte 1.

[0031] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides an aqueous zinc - ion battery electrolyte, and its preparation method includes the following steps: Add 0.2 mol of zinc sulfate to 100 g of deionized water, with an added concentration of 2 mol / kg, to obtain ordinary aqueous zinc - ion battery electrolyte 2.

[0032] Example 1 This embodiment provides an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte capable of suppressing dendrites and by-products, and its preparation method includes the following steps: Add 1 g of maleamic acid to 100 g of deionized water, with a mass ratio of 1:100, heat to 70 °C and ultrasonically dissolve to form a homogeneous solution; after cooling to room temperature, add 0.3 mol of zinc perchlorate and stir until completely dissolved. The addition concentration of zinc perchlorate in the solvent is 3 mol / kg to obtain an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte 1 containing maleamic acid.

[0033] Example 2 This embodiment provides an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte capable of suppressing dendrites and by-products, and its preparation method includes the following steps: Add 5 g of maleamic acid to 100 g of deionized water, with a mass ratio of 5:100, heat to 70 °C and ultrasonically dissolve to form a homogeneous solution; after cooling to room temperature, add 0.3 mol of zinc perchlorate and stir until completely dissolved. The addition concentration of zinc perchlorate in the solvent is 3 mol / kg to obtain an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte 2 containing maleamic acid.

[0034] Example 3 This embodiment provides an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte capable of suppressing dendrites and by-products, and its preparation method includes the following steps: Add 10 g of maleamic acid to 100 g of deionized water, with a mass ratio of 10:100, heat to 70 °C and ultrasonically dissolve to form a homogeneous solution; after cooling to room temperature, add 0.3 mol of zinc perchlorate and stir until completely dissolved. The addition concentration of zinc perchlorate in the solvent is 3 mol / kg to obtain an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte 3 containing maleamic acid.

[0035] Example 4 This embodiment provides an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte capable of suppressing dendrites and by-products, and its preparation method includes the following steps: Add 5 g of maleamic acid to 100 g of deionized water, with a mass ratio of 5:100, heat to 60 °C and ultrasonically dissolve to form a homogeneous solution; after cooling to room temperature, add 0.1 mol of zinc sulfate and stir until completely dissolved. The addition concentration of zinc sulfate in the solvent is 1 mol / kg to obtain an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte 4 containing maleamic acid.

[0036] Example 5 This embodiment provides an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte capable of suppressing dendrites and by-products, and its preparation method includes the following steps: Add 5 g of maleamic acid to 100 g of deionized water. The mass ratio of the addition is 5:100. Heat it to 80 °C and dissolve it by ultrasonic treatment to form a homogeneous solution. After cooling to room temperature, add 0.2 mol of zinc sulfate and stir until completely dissolved. The added concentration of zinc sulfate in the solvent is 2 mol / kg to obtain an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte 5 containing maleamic acid.

[0037] Example 6 This example provides an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte capable of suppressing dendrites and by-products. Its preparation method includes the following steps: Add 5 g of maleamic acid to 100 g of deionized water. The mass ratio of the addition is 5:100. Heat it to 80 °C and dissolve it by ultrasonic treatment to form a homogeneous solution. After cooling to room temperature, add 0.3 mol of zinc sulfate and stir until completely dissolved. The added concentration of zinc sulfate in the solvent is 3 mol / kg to obtain an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte 6 containing maleamic acid.

[0038] Take the ordinary aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte of Comparative Example 1 and the aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolytes 1-3 containing maleamic acid prepared in Examples 1-3. Deposit zinc sheets in these electrolytes in sequence. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are both zinc sheets. The specific test steps are as follows: 10 mA cm -2 Under the current density, perform XRD testing on the positive zinc sheet after discharging for 0.5 hours, as Figure 1 shown. It can be seen from Figure 1 that compared with the pure zinc perchlorate electrolyte, the aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid shows obvious orientation growth dominated by the (101) crystal plane. RTC （101） represents the proportion of the (101) crystal plane texture. It can be seen from Figure 1 that adding different contents of maleamic acid can significantly increase the RTC （101） value. Among them, when the content of maleamic acid is 5%, the RTC （101） value is the largest at 85.1%, indicating that adding 5% of maleamic acid induces the growth of the (101) crystal plane texture and has the best effect of suppressing dendrites.

[0039] Take the ordinary aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte of Comparative Example 1 and the aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolytes 1-3 containing maleamic acid prepared in Examples 1-3. Assemble them into a Zn / / Zn symmetric battery with the positive electrode (zinc sheet), separator (glass fiber), negative electrode (zinc sheet), gasket and spring piece in sequence. Figure 2 Compare the cyclic stability performance of the Zn / / Zn symmetric battery. The specific test steps are as follows: Apply a current of 20 mA cm -2 to the symmetric battery and record the change curve of the polarization voltage with time. At 20 mA cm -2- 20 mAh cm -2 Under the test conditions of -2 , compared with the pure zinc perchlorate electrolyte, the cycle stability performance of the battery containing maleamic acid additive is significantly improved. With the increase of the content of maleamic acid, the nucleation overpotential of the Zn / / Zn battery becomes larger and larger. When 5% maleamic acid is added, the nucleation overpotential increases by 15 mV (compared with the pure zinc perchlorate solution), and the stable cycle time of the battery is the longest (80 hours). With the further increase of the content, the nucleation overpotential also increases, but the stable cycle time of the Zn / / Zn battery decreases. Figure 2 It shows that only by adding an appropriate concentration of maleamic acid (5%), the stable cycle time of the Zn / / Zn battery can reach the maximum.

[0040] Take the electrolyte of the ordinary aqueous zinc-ion battery in Comparative Example 1 and the aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolytes 1-3 containing maleamic acid prepared in Examples 1-3, and assemble them into a Zn / / Zn battery with a positive electrode (zinc sheet), a separator (glass fiber), a negative electrode (zinc sheet), a gasket and a spring piece in turn. Figure 3 The surface morphology of the Zn / / Zn battery after cycling was compared. Compared with the pure zinc perchlorate electrolyte, the deposition height of the battery containing maleamic acid additive after cycling is only 35 μm, which is much smaller than the deposition height of 85 μm in the pure zinc perchlorate electrolyte. Figure 3 It shows that adding maleamic acid can significantly inhibit dendrite growth and obtain uniform and dense zinc deposition.

[0041] Take the electrolyte of the ordinary aqueous zinc-ion battery in Comparative Example 1 and the aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte 2 containing maleamic acid prepared in Example 2, and assemble them into a Zn / / Zn battery with a positive electrode (zinc sheet), a separator (glass fiber), a negative electrode (zinc sheet), a gasket and a spring piece in turn. Figure 4 The DMT modulus of the surface of the Zn / / Zn battery after cycling was compared. Compared with the pure zinc perchlorate electrolyte, the surface of the battery containing maleamic acid additive after cycling is basically covered by high-modulus white areas, while the surface after cycling in the pure zinc perchlorate electrolyte is basically covered by low-modulus black areas. This shows that the added maleamic acid and zinc salt act synergistically, and a solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI) with high modulus is formed in-situ during the cycling of the battery, which can effectively block side reactions and buffer the volume change stress. The formed SEI helps to improve the cycle life and Coulomb efficiency of the battery.

[0042] Take the electrolyte of the ordinary aqueous zinc-ion battery in Comparative Example 1 and the aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolytes 1-3 containing maleamic acid prepared in Examples 1-3, and assemble them into a Zn / / Cu half-cell with a positive electrode (Cu sheet), a separator (glass fiber), a negative electrode (zinc sheet), a gasket and a spring piece in turn. Figure 5 The Coulomb efficiencies of the Zn / / Cu half-cells assembled with different electrolytes were compared at 0.2 mA cm-2 -0.2 mAh cm -2 Under the test conditions, the change trend of the Coulomb efficiency with the number of cycles was recorded. As Figure 5 can be seen, the average Coulomb efficiency of the Zn / / Cu half-cell containing 5% maleamic acid additive was 99.3%, which was significantly higher than that of the pure zinc perchlorate electrolyte.

[0043] The aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte of Comparative Example 1 and the aqueous zinc ion battery electrolytes 1-3 containing maleamic acid prepared in Examples 1-3 were successively assembled with the positive electrode (NH4V4O 10 ), separator (glass fiber), negative electrode (zinc sheet), gasket and spring sheet to form a Zn / / NH4V4O 10 full cell. Figure 6 The cycle stability of the full cells assembled with different electrolytes was compared. The specific test steps were as follows: when the current density was 5 Ag -1 , the change trend of the specific capacity of the Zn / / NH4V4O 10 full cell with the number of cycles was recorded. As Figure 6 shown, the initial specific capacity of the electrolyte containing 5% maleamic acid additive was as high as 353 mAh g -1 , and it still had a retention rate of 95% after 900 cycles, indicating that its capacity decay was slow and the cycle stability was significantly higher than that of the pure zinc perchlorate electrolyte.

[0044] The aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte of Comparative Example 1 and the aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte 2 containing maleamic acid prepared in Example 2 were successively assembled with the positive electrode (NH4V4O 10 ), separator (glass fiber), negative electrode (zinc sheet), gasket and spring sheet to form a Zn / / NH4V4O 10 full cell. Figure 7 The capacity-voltage curves of the full cells assembled with different electrolytes were compared. The specific test steps were as follows: when the current density was 1 Ag -1 , the change of the specific capacity of the Zn / / NH4V4O 10 full cell with voltage after 30 cycles was recorded. As Figure 7 shown, the specific capacity of the electrolyte containing 5% maleamic acid additive exceeded 420 mAh g -1 .

[0045] The aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte of Comparative Example 2 and the aqueous zinc ion battery electrolytes 4-6 containing maleamic acid prepared in Examples 4-6 were successively assembled with the positive electrode (zinc sheet), separator (glass fiber), negative electrode (zinc sheet), gasket and spring sheet to form a Zn / / Zn symmetric cell. Figure 8 The cycle stability of the Zn / / Zn symmetric cell was compared. The specific test steps were as follows: applying 20 mA cm -2Current is applied to the battery, and the change curve of the polarization voltage over time is recorded at 20 mA cm -2 - 20 mAh cm -2 Under the test conditions of, the cycle stability of the battery containing the maleamic acid additive is significantly improved compared to the pure zinc sulfate battery. In the case of containing the maleamic acid additive, the battery assembled with the electrolyte of Example 5 with a zinc sulfate addition concentration of 2 mol / kg has the best cycle stability.

[0046] Take the electrolyte of the ordinary aqueous zinc-ion battery in Comparative Example 2 and the aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolytes 4-6 containing maleamic acid prepared in Examples 4-6, and assemble them into Zn / / Cu half-cells with the positive electrode (Cu sheet), separator (glass fiber), negative electrode (zinc sheet), gasket and spring piece in turn. Figure 9 The coulombic efficiency of the Zn / / Cu half-cells assembled with different electrolytes was compared. At 0.2 mA cm -2 -0.2 mAh cm -2 Under the test conditions, the change trend of the coulombic efficiency over the number of cycles was recorded. It can be seen from Figure 9 that in the case of containing the maleamic acid additive, the average coulombic efficiency of the battery is significantly improved. Among them, the battery assembled with the electrolyte of Example 5 with a zinc sulfate addition concentration of 2 mol / kg has the highest average coulombic efficiency, which is 99.2%.

[0047] Those skilled in the art should understand that the above are only several specific embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. It should be noted that many modifications and improvements can be made by those of ordinary skill in the art. All modifications or improvements that do not exceed the scope of the claims should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid, characterized in that, It comprises a solvent, a zinc salt and maleamic acid. The mass ratio of maleamic acid to the solvent is (1 - 10):100, and the addition concentration of the zinc salt in the solvent is 1 - 3 mol / kg.

2. The aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid according to claim 1, wherein The zinc salt is ZnSO4 or Zn(ClO4)2.

3. The aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid according to claim 1, wherein The solvent is deionized water.

4. A method for preparing an aqueous zinc-ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: adding maleamic acid into deionized water, heating and dissolving to form a homogeneous solution, and after cooling to room temperature, adding the zinc salt and stirring until completely dissolved.

5. The preparation method of the aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid according to claim 4, characterized in that, The temperature for heating and dissolving maleamic acid in deionized water is 60 - 80 °C.

6. An aqueous zinc ion battery assembled with the aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte containing maleamic acid according to any one of claims 1 - 3.

7. The aqueous zinc-ion battery according to claim 6, characterized in that, The aqueous zinc ion battery is assembled by sequentially stacking a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode, a gasket and a shrapnel and then injecting the aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte.

8. The aqueous zinc ion battery according to claim 7, wherein The positive electrode material is NH4V4O 10 or Cu.

9. The aqueous zinc ion battery according to claim 7, wherein The negative electrode is a zinc sheet.

10. The aqueous zinc ion battery according to claim 7, characterized in that, The separator is glass fiber or filter paper.

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