The invention relates to a preparation method of a shell mold for investment casting of a TiAl based alloy, and belongs to the technical field of precision casting. The preparation method comprises the following steps that: firstly, ZrO2 and zirconia sol are prepared into a slurry; after the slurry is coated with a wax pattern, ZrO2 sand with a particle degree of 120 to 180 meshes is spread; Al2O3 and ethyl silicate hydrolyzate are prepared into a slurry, and then after the slurry is coated with a mold shell, Al2O3 sand with a particle degree of 60 to 90 meshes is spread, the slurry coating and the sand spreading are repeated for several times, the sand is Al2O3 sand with the particle degree of 40 to 50, 20 to 30, and 6 to 10 meshes sequentially, and drying is carried out; and dewaxing and roasting are carried out. The preparation method has the advantages that: the strength of the mold shell is sufficient, the production cycle is short, the quality of the inner surface of the mold shell is good, the reaction between TiAl based alloy castings and the mold shell is small after casting, and the castings have high surface quality.