The invention discloses a C-C-SiC-ZrC ceramic matrix composite and a preparation method thereof. The C-C-SiC-ZrC ceramic matrix composite comprises C fiber, a C matrix, an SiC matrix and a ZrC matrix, and is characterized in that the SiC matrix exists between a C/C framework and the ZrC matrix. The preparation method comprises the steps as follows: the C fiber is woven or laminated to form an enhancement structure, pyrolytic carbon is deposited with a chemical vapor infiltration method, then the synthesized C/C framework is subjected to high-temperature graphitization, an SiC densified composite is introduced through liquid-phase infiltration and pyrolysis of polycarbosilane, boron-containing phenolic resin is soaked, C is formed through pyrolysis, metal Zr is infiltrated with an infiltration method, and high-temperature heat treatment is performed to obtain the C-C-SiC-ZrC ceramic matrix composite. The C-C-SiC-ZrC ceramic matrix composite has excellent performance including high strength, superhigh temperature resistance, antioxidation, thermal shock resistance and the like.