A broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on dielectric interface reflection principle

Abstract

The present invention discloses a broadband, high-gain, low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on the dielectric interface reflection principle, which solves the technical problems of high profile and narrow bandwidth of traditional Fabry-Perot antennas. It includes a stepped dielectric component, a dielectric substrate, a rectangular opening slot, and a rectangular transmission line based on a dielectric integrated waveguide. Metal layers are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate, and the rectangular opening slot is etched on the upper surface. The rectangular transmission line is composed of regularly arranged metal through-holes in the dielectric substrate and is excited by a feeding port. The stepped dielectric component adopts a multi-layer collimator structure, and its interface with the air serves as a partial reflection surface to form a Fabry-Perot cavity, thereby realizing multiple reflections and superimposed radiation of electromagnetic waves. The present invention forms a Fabry-Perot cavity based on the stepped dielectric component, and at the same time uses the interface with the air as a partial reflection surface to achieve broadband, high-gain radiation with a stable radiation pattern.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency communications, and in particular relates to a broadband, high-gain, low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on the dielectric interface reflection principle. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G communications, satellite communications, and millimeter-wave technologies, modern wireless communication systems are placing higher demands on antenna performance, particularly broadband, high gain, low profile, and stable radiation characteristics. While traditional Fabry-Perot (FP) antennas offer the advantages of high gain, their structure typically utilizes a metal partially reflecting surface (PRS) and an air cavity, resulting in a high profile and narrow bandwidth, making them difficult to meet the requirements of compact communication equipment.

[0003] Some existing research attempts to shorten the wavelength and reduce antenna height by using high-dielectric-constant dielectric materials. However, these efforts still present challenges such as limited bandwidth, high sidelobe levels, or unstable radiation patterns. For example, while FP antennas using uniform dielectric layers can reduce size, they struggle to achieve a balanced impedance matching and radiation efficiency across a wide bandwidth. Multilayer dielectric structures, on the other hand, are complex to design and lack optimized phase matching, impacting antenna gain and bandwidth performance. Furthermore, traditional FP antenna feeding methods (such as microstrip or coaxial feeds) are prone to introducing additional losses, further limiting the antenna's overall efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of broadband, high-gain, low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna that can broaden the operating bandwidth, improve radiation efficiency, and maintain stable directional pattern characteristics while reducing the size to meet the application requirements of future high-frequency communication systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a broadband, high-gain, low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on the dielectric interface reflection principle, so as to solve the technical problems of high profile and narrow bandwidth existing in traditional Fabry-Perot antennas.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a broadband, high-gain, low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on the dielectric interface reflection principle, comprising: a stepped dielectric component, a dielectric substrate, a rectangular opening slot, and a rectangular transmission line based on a dielectric integrated waveguide. The dielectric substrate has metal layers printed on both its upper and lower surfaces and is disposed immediately below the stepped dielectric component. The rectangular opening slot is etched into the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. The rectangular transmission line based on the dielectric integrated waveguide comprises metal through-holes arranged at preset intervals within the dielectric substrate. A feeding port is provided at one end of the dielectric substrate, which is connected to the rectangular transmission line. Electromagnetic waves are fed from the feeding port, transmitted through the rectangular transmission line to the rectangular opening slot, and then to the stepped dielectric component. The interface between the stepped dielectric component and air serves as a partial reflection surface, and the interior of the stepped dielectric component serves as a Fabry-Perot cavity, thereby achieving high-gain, broadband radiation with a stable radiation pattern and low sidelobes.

[0008] Furthermore, the stepped dielectric component is made of a ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 6.7 and has a total height of 11.6 mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the stepped dielectric component is composed of 6 layers of ceramic material, the thickness and radius of each layer are different, the radius of each layer increases from top to bottom, and the shape is a direct curve.

[0010] Furthermore, the thickness of each layer of the stepped dielectric assembly from top to bottom is 2.1mm, 2mm, 0.9mm, 2.2mm, 2.6mm, and 1.8mm; the radius of each layer from top to bottom is 5.5mm, 6mm, 9mm, 12.8mm, 16.8mm, and 21mm. Furthermore, the dielectric substrate has a dielectric constant of 6.15 and a thickness of 0.762mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the rectangular transmission line extends from one end of the dielectric substrate toward the center of the antenna to the rectangular opening gap.

[0012] Furthermore, the spacing between the metal through holes in the rectangular transmission line is 0.1 mm, and the width of the rectangular transmission line is 5 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the characteristic impedance of the feeding port is 50 ohms.

[0014] Based on the above technical solution, the embodiments of the present invention can produce at least the following technical effects:

[0015] The broadband, high-gain, low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna provided by the present invention, based on the dielectric interface reflection principle, effectively shortens the wavelength and, therefore, reduces the antenna size compared to traditional Fabry-Perot antennas by placing the Fabry-Perot cavity within a high-permittivity dielectric. Furthermore, compared to traditional Fabry-Perot antennas, this antenna eliminates some of the reflective surfaces, using the dielectric interface as a partial reflective surface, further reducing the antenna size. Furthermore, to achieve the advantages of high gain and broadband, the stepped dielectric component of the present invention has a direct curvature profile, effectively increasing antenna gain and widening antenna bandwidth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 is a side view of the broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 1. It is a structural perspective diagram of the broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 1. A top view of a dielectric substrate of a broadband, high-gain, low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 1. A top view of the broadband, high-gain, low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the feed structure size parameters of the broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the dimension parameters of each layer height of the broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the dimensional parameters of the radius of each layer of the broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 The S parameters and gain variation of the broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna of the present invention with frequency;

[0025] Figure 9 This is the radiation pattern of the broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna at 26 GHz of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10 This is the radiation pattern of the broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna at 28 GHz of the present invention.

[0027] In the figure: 1. Stepped dielectric component; 2. Dielectric substrate; 3. Rectangular opening gap; 4. Rectangular transmission line; 5. Metal layer; 6. Feed port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Exemplary diagrams of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, where elements labeled with the same reference numerals indicate that they are identical or similar elements. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms used to indicate orientation, such as "bottom", "top", "above", "below", "length", "width" and the like, are only used to qualitatively describe the position of the component according to the image shown in the figure, and do not mean that the component must be in a specific position. Therefore, it should not be understood as a limitation of the present invention.

[0030] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, terms such as "connection" and "support" are to be understood broadly. For example, connection can be achieved through welding, screw fastening, or detachable fastening. Support can be achieved through support columns made of various materials, such as foam or resin, to support the dielectric plate. Specific operations can be handled in different ways depending on the processing design.

[0031] This embodiment provides a broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on the dielectric interface reflection principle, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, the device comprises: a stepped dielectric component 1, a dielectric substrate 2, a rectangular opening slot 3, a rectangular transmission line 4 based on a dielectric integrated waveguide (SIW), and a feed port 6. The stepped dielectric component 1 has a height of 11.6 mm and a dielectric constant of 6.7. The thickness of each layer varies with the radius, and is used to radiate a high-gain beam. The dielectric substrate 2 has a thickness of 0.762 mm and a dielectric constant of 6.15. Metal layers 5 are printed on both its upper and lower surfaces, with the lower metal layer serving as the antenna floor. The rectangular opening slot 3 is etched on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 2 for coupling electromagnetic waves to the stepped dielectric component 1. A rectangular transmission line 4 based on the SIW is constructed inside the dielectric substrate, consisting of a series of metal through-holes arranged at regular intervals. The feed port 6 is located at one end of the dielectric substrate 2, has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms, and is connected to the rectangular transmission line 4 for inputting electromagnetic wave signals.

[0032] Electromagnetic wave transmission path: An electromagnetic wave is input from feed port 6 and transmitted via rectangular transmission line 4 to rectangular slot 3. Rectangular slot 3 couples the electromagnetic wave into the interior of stepped dielectric component 1. The interface between stepped dielectric component 1 and air acts as a partial reflector, forming a Fabry-Pérot cavity. The electromagnetic wave reflects multiple times within the cavity and superimposes, ultimately radiating through the interface into free space. This achieves high-gain, broadband radiation with a stable radiation pattern and low sidelobes.

[0033] In this embodiment, the radius and thickness of the stepped dielectric component 1 are related to the radiation waveform and gain of the antenna. In order to achieve a stable radiation pattern and a high-gain frequency band, the stepped dielectric component 1 of the present invention uses a ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 6.7. The stepped dielectric component 1 has a total of 6 layers, and the thickness of each layer of material from top to bottom is 2.1mm, 2mm, 0.9mm, 2.2mm, 2.6mm, and 1.8mm; the radius of each layer of material from top to bottom is 5.5mm, 6mm, 9mm, 12.8mm, 16.8mm, and 21mm. The shape of the stepped dielectric component 1 is set to a directrix curve. The directrix curve structure optimizes the phase matching of electromagnetic waves, broadens the antenna bandwidth, and improves the gain through the gradient dielectric constant distribution.

[0034] In this embodiment, the radius of the dielectric substrate 2 is related to the dielectric constant and the operating frequency band of the antenna. To achieve both low profile and broadband characteristics, the dielectric substrate of the present invention uses a plate with a dielectric constant of 6.15. The high dielectric constant dielectric substrate shortens the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave and reduces the antenna profile height.

[0035] The SIW-based rectangular transmission line consists of a series of metal through-holes arranged at regular intervals and constructed within the dielectric substrate. Using the dielectric interface as a partially reflective surface, a Fabry-Perot cavity is implemented within the dielectric to increase gain and reduce antenna size.

[0036] Combined with the experiment, the matching and radiation characteristics of the above-mentioned broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on the dielectric interface reflection principle are further explained:

[0037] See also Figure 5-Figure 7 , Figure 5 In the figure, L0 is the width of the rectangular transmission line, W1 is the width of the rectangular opening gap, W2 is the spacing of the metal through holes in the rectangular transmission line, and W0 is the length of the feed port; Figure 6, from bottom to top, H0 is the thickness of the dielectric substrate, H1 is the distance from the upper surface of the first layer of material of the stepped dielectric assembly to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, H2 is the distance from the upper surface of the second layer of material of the stepped dielectric assembly to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, H3 is the distance from the upper surface of the third layer of material of the stepped dielectric assembly to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, H4 is the distance from the upper surface of the fourth layer of material of the stepped dielectric assembly to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, H5 is the distance from the upper surface of the fifth layer of material of the stepped dielectric assembly to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and H6 is the distance from the upper surface of the sixth layer of material of the stepped dielectric assembly to the upper surface of the dielectric substrate; Figure 7 , from outside to inside, D_r is the radius of the dielectric substrate, R1 is the radius of the first layer of material of the stepped dielectric component, R2 is the radius of the second layer of material of the stepped dielectric component, R3 is the radius of the third layer of material of the stepped dielectric component, R4 is the radius of the fourth layer of material of the stepped dielectric component, R5 is the radius of the fifth layer of material of the stepped dielectric component, and R6 is the radius of the sixth layer of material of the stepped dielectric component.

[0038] The specific dimensions of the antenna are shown in Table 1.

[0039] Table 1 Antenna dimensions (unit: mm)

[0040]

[0041] Reference Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the S parameters and realized gain obtained by simulation using HFSS simulation software are shown. It can be seen from the figure that the operating frequency band of the antenna (S11<-10dB) is 25.08Ghz-32.44Ghz, and the 3dB gain bandwidth is 25.31Ghz-32.16Ghz (24.6%), which basically covers the impedance matching frequency band. The maximum gain in the band is 18.75dbi and the minimum gain is 15.05dbi.

[0042] Reference Figure 9-10 As shown in FIG, this figure shows the radiation pattern of this embodiment at 28.5 GHz and 30.5 GHz. As can be seen from the figure, the radiation waveform of the antenna is very stable, and the side lobes meet industrial standards.

[0043] From the above test results, it can be seen that the broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna proposed in the present invention based on the dielectric interface reflection principle achieves stable radiation pattern and high-gain broadband radiation.

[0044] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on the dielectric interface reflection principle, characterized in that: include: A stepped dielectric component (1), a dielectric substrate (2), a rectangular opening gap (3), and a rectangular transmission line (4) based on a dielectric integrated waveguide; the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate (2) are both printed with a metal layer (5), and are arranged close to the bottom of the stepped dielectric component (1); the rectangular opening gap (3) is etched on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (2); the rectangular transmission line (4) based on the dielectric integrated waveguide is composed of metal through holes arranged at preset intervals inside the dielectric substrate (2); one end of the dielectric substrate (2) is provided with a feeding port (6), the feeding port (6) is connected to the rectangular transmission line (4), and electromagnetic waves are fed from the feeding port (6), transmitted to the rectangular opening gap (3) through the rectangular transmission line (4), and then transmitted to the stepped dielectric component (1); the interface between the stepped dielectric component (1) and the air is used as a partial reflection surface, and the interior of the stepped dielectric component (1) is used as a Fabry-Perot cavity; The stepped dielectric component (1) is made of a ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 6.7 and a total height of 11.6 mm; the stepped dielectric component (1) is composed of 6 layers of ceramic material, the thickness and radius of each layer are different, the radius of each layer increases from top to bottom, and the shape is a direct curve.

2. The broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on the dielectric interface reflection principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of each layer of material of the stepped dielectric component (1) from top to bottom is 2.1 mm, 2 mm, 0.9 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.6 mm, and 1.8 mm; the radius of each layer of material from top to bottom is 5.5 mm, 6 mm, 9 mm, 12.8 mm, 16.8 mm, and 21 mm.

3. The broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on the dielectric interface reflection principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate (2) is 6.15 and the thickness is 0.762 mm.

4. The broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on the dielectric interface reflection principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectangular transmission line (4) extends from one end of the dielectric substrate (2) toward the center of the antenna to the rectangular opening gap (3).

5. The broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on the dielectric interface reflection principle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spacing between the metal through holes in the rectangular transmission line (4) is 0.1 mm, and the width of the rectangular transmission line (4) is 5 mm.

6. The broadband high-gain low-profile Fabry-Perot antenna based on the dielectric interface reflection principle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The characteristic impedance of the feeding port (6) is 50 ohms.

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