Low-carbon power generation system optimization operation method and system considering multi-element extreme scene

Abstract

According to the method, multi-aspect and multi-time-scale extreme scenes are integrated and considered, carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies are combined, and an optimized operation model of the low-carbon power generation system is constructed with the purpose of minimizing the comprehensive cost of the power generation system. The extreme scenes comprise a flood season / drought season scene, a low-sunlight scene and a high-temperature scene in a climate level, a coal supply shortage scene in an operation mode level, and a thermal power generating unit shutdown maintenance scene and a load transfer scene in a fault maintenance level; and solving the optimized operation model of the low-carbon power generation system to obtain an optimized operation scheme of the low-carbon power generation system. According to the method, extreme scenes of multiple aspects and multiple time scales are integrated and considered, the operation strategy of the power generation system is optimized based on more real natural conditions, carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies are combined for application, power in the load valley period is fully utilized, and the comprehensive cost of the power generation system is minimized on the premise of meeting the power utilization requirement of the load side.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of power generation operation optimization, and specifically relates to an optimized operation method and system for a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios. Background Art

[0002] With the accelerating advancement of energy transformation, various new energy elements have emerged in the new power system, including a high proportion of renewable energy, distributed energy, and diversified load energy demands. The introduction of these elements not only brings diversity to power supply but also increases the complexity of the operation of the power generation system. Driven by the carbon neutrality goal, while taking into account traditional economic requirements, the power system also needs to meet carbon emission constraints, optimize energy utilization from the source, and comprehensively upgrade the technology, management, and regulation of the power system to ensure the coordinated realization of the goals of power supply safety, economy, and greenness.

[0003] As the core of the power system, the accuracy of the dispatching scheme on the power generation side is crucial for the optimized operation of the entire power system. However, the dispatching on the power generation side often faces various extreme situations, such as power gaps during peak loads, uncertainties brought by the fluctuations in photovoltaic power output, and the impacts of extreme weather events on equipment operation. These extreme situations break the traditional steady-state operation mode of the power system, requiring the power generation side to consider them together with normal operating conditions when formulating the dispatching scheme to minimize the comprehensive power generation cost. In this context, the power generation side needs to optimize its dispatching strategy based on more realistic scenarios to cope with the increasingly complex operating environment of the power system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an optimized operation method and system for a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios in view of the above problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention proposes an optimized operation method for a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios, including:

[0007] S1. Integrate and consider extreme scenarios in multiple aspects and multiple time scales, combine carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, and construct an optimized operation model for the low-carbon power generation system with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive cost of the power generation system. The extreme scenarios include flood / drought scenarios, low sunshine scenarios, high temperature scenarios at the climate level, insufficient coal supply scenarios at the operation mode level, thermal power unit shutdown and maintenance scenarios, and load transfer scenarios at the fault maintenance level;

[0008] S2. Solve the optimized operation model of the low-carbon power generation system to obtain an optimized operation plan for the low-carbon power generation system.

[0009] In the above S1, the objective function for optimizing the operation model includes:

[0010] min C G +C S +C E +C D -I C ;

[0011]

[0012] In the above formula, C G is the coal cost of the thermal power plant, C S is the cycle loss cost of the electrochemical energy storage, C E is the external power purchase cost in case of power shortage in the supply area, C D is the water evaporation cost of water-side cooling adopted by the data center, I C is the income of carbon sink and natural gas generated by carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical daily period, T U is the unit time, M CO is the amount of coal consumed per unit of electric energy output by the thermal power plant, PR CO is the unit price of coal, are the discharge power and charge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the d-th typical daily period respectively, PR S is the cycle loss cost caused by storing or outputting unit energy of the electrochemical energy storage, is the power support provided externally by the power generation system at time t in the d-th typical daily period, PR E is the unit cost of external power purchase, is the cooling capacity obtained by water-side cooling at time t in the d-th typical daily period, λ W is the amount of water evaporated per unit of cooling capacity generated by water-side cooling in the data center, PR W is the cost of evaporating unit amount of water, is the mass of carbon dioxide captured at time t in the d-th typical daily period, PR C is the economic benefit generated per unit of carbon sink, is the mass of natural gas generated by power-to-gas at time t in the d-th typical daily period, PR G is the economic benefit generated per unit of natural gas.

[0013] In the above S1, the constraint conditions for optimizing the operation model include operation constraints under multiple extreme scenarios;

[0014] The operating constraints under the multiple extreme scenarios include the operating constraints in flood / drought periods, low sunshine scenarios, high temperature scenarios, insufficient coal supply scenarios, thermal power unit shutdown and maintenance scenarios, and load transfer scenarios;

[0015] The operating constraints in flood / drought periods have a daily time scale and include:

[0016]

[0017] The operating constraints in low sunshine scenarios have a daily time scale and include:

[0018]

[0019] The operating constraints in high temperature scenarios have an hourly time scale and include:

[0020]

[0021] The operating constraints in insufficient coal supply scenarios have a daily time scale and include:

[0022]

[0023] The operating constraints in thermal power unit shutdown and maintenance scenarios have a daily time scale and include:

[0024]

[0025] The operating constraints in load transfer scenarios have an hourly time scale and include:

[0026]

[0027] In the above formula, are the energy output and stored by the pumped-storage power station at time t in a typical day during the flood period, respectively, and E FW is the potential energy corresponding to the minimum net drainage volume in a typical day during the flood period, and d FW is a typical day during the flood period, are the energy stored and output by the pumped-storage power station at time t in a typical day during the drought period, respectively, and E DW is the potential energy corresponding to the minimum net water storage volume in a typical day during the drought period, and d DW is a typical day during the drought period; is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in a typical day in the low sunshine scenario, and P DM is the upper limit of the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, and β SL is the high output coefficient of the energy storage system under the low sunshine scenario, and d SL is a typical day in the low sunshine scenario, is the operating power of the pumped - storage power station at the typical intra - day time t in the low - sunlight scenario, P WM is the upper limit of the operating power of the pumped - storage power station; is the d - th typical intra - day time t HT is the operating power of direct air carbon capture at time t HT is the duration of the high - temperature scenario, P DP is the minimum operating power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station when it is in the high - output state, is the d - th typical intra - day time t HT is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t, P WP is the minimum operating power of the pumped - storage power station when it is in the high - output state, is the d - th typical intra - day time t HT is the operating power of the pumped - storage power station at time t; is the air - conditioning cooling load at the typical intra - day time t in the scenario of insufficient coal supply, d P is the typical day in the scenario of insufficient coal supply, t FD is the peak period of electricity consumption load, P is the peak period of electricity consumption load, is the typical intra - day time t in the scenario of insufficient coal supply P is the operating power of direct air carbon capture at time t, is the typical intra - day time t in the scenario of insufficient coal supply P is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t, is the typical intra - day time t in the scenario of insufficient coal supply P is the operating power of the pumped - storage power station at time t; G H is the upper limit of the output of a single thermal power generating unit, N G is the number of thermal power generating units configured in the thermal power plant, is the output power of the centralized photovoltaic power station at the typical intra - day time t during shutdown for maintenance, is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at the typical intra - day time t during shutdown for maintenance, is the charging power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at the typical intra - day time t during shutdown for maintenance, is the operating power of the pumped - storage power station at the typical intra - day time t during shutdown for maintenance, is the power support provided externally to the power generation system at the typical intra - day time t during shutdown for maintenance, is the total load of the data center at the typical intra - day time t during shutdown for maintenance, are respectively the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at the typical intra - day time t during shutdown for maintenance, is the power of the power - to - gas system at the typical intra - day time t during shutdown for maintenance, is the base load at time t during a typical day for shutdown maintenance, dx is an auxiliary integer variable, d OM is the start day variable for shutdown maintenance, Δd OM is the duration of shutdown maintenance; is the air-conditioning cooling load at time t during the d-th typical day LD t LD is the duration of the temporary power supply load scenario transferred from other supply areas, is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t during the d-th typical day LD t is the operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t during the d-th typical day LD t is the operating power of the direct air carbon capture at time t during the d-th typical day LD t

[0028] In the above S1, the constraint conditions of the optimal operation model also include carbon capture and power-to-gas constraints;

[0029] The carbon capture and power-to-gas constraints include:

[0030]

[0031]

[0032] In the above formula, are the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at time t during the d-th typical day, respectively, IC GC 、IC AC are the installed capacities of the flue gas carbon capture system and the direct air carbon capture system, respectively, T U is the unit time, τ GC is the flue gas carbon capture coefficient, is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t during the d-th typical day, τ G is the carbon emission coefficient of thermal power generation, is the power of the power-to-gas system at time t during the d-th typical day, IC PG is the installed capacity of the power-to-gas system, τ PG is the power-to-gas conversion coefficient, τ AC is the direct air capture coefficient, is the mass of carbon dioxide captured at time t during the d-th typical day, is the mass of natural gas generated by power-to-gas at time t during the d-th typical day.

[0033] In the above S1, the constraint conditions of the optimal operation model also include the general operation constraints of the power generation system;

[0034] The general operation constraints of the power generation system include the operation constraints of thermal power plants, centralized photovoltaic power stations, centralized electrochemical energy storage power stations, pumped-storage power stations, data centers, and power balance constraints;

[0035] The operation constraints of the thermal power plant include:

[0036]

[0037] In the above formula, is the binary variable of the start-up operation of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day. When there is a start-up operation, and when there is no start-up operation. δ M is the large M constant, is the binary variable of the operation state of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day. When the unit is in the full operation state, and when the unit is in the shutdown state, is the binary variable of the shutdown operation of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day. When there is a shutdown operation, and when there is no shutdown operation. A M and B M are the upper limits of the start-up and shutdown operation times of the thermal power plant in a typical day respectively. TA d，t is the cumulative duration of the units in the thermal power plant continuously in the full operation state in the d-th typical day. tx1 and tx2 are both local time variables. T LA is the minimum duration for the units in the thermal power plant to be continuously in the full operation state. TB d，t is the cumulative duration of the thermal power plant continuously in the state of having units out of service at time t in the d-th typical day. T LB is the minimum duration for the thermal power plant to be continuously in the state of having units out of service. G L and G H are the lower and upper limits of the output power of a single thermal power generating unit respectively. N G is the number of thermal power generating units configured in the thermal power plant, is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day. ΔG L and ΔG H are the upper limits of the lower and upper ramping rates of the output power of the thermal power generating unit respectively;

[0038] The operation constraints of the centralized photovoltaic power station are:

[0039]

[0040] In the above formula, is the output power of the centralized photovoltaic power station at time t in the dth typical day, IC S is the installed capacity of the photovoltaic system in the centralized photovoltaic power station, is the hourly power generation coefficient of the photovoltaic system at time period t, is the daily power generation coefficient of the photovoltaic system in the dth typical day;

[0041] The operation constraints of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station include:

[0042]

[0043] In the above formula, are the discharge power and charging power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the dth typical day, is the binary operating state variable of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the dth typical day, δ M is a large M constant, P CM , P DM are the upper limits of charging and discharging power of centralized electrochemical energy storage power stations, EC L ,EC H are the lower and upper limits of the power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, EC O is the initial capacity of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, T U is the unit time, tx is any time period in a typical day, and tn is the last time period in a typical day;

[0044] The pumped storage power station operation constraints include:

[0045]

[0046] In the above formula, is the operating power of the pumped storage power station at time t in the dth typical day, are the energy output and stored by the pumped storage power station at time t in the dth typical day, P WM is the upper limit of the operating power of the pumped storage power station. is the binary operation state variable of the pumped storage power station at time t in the d-th typical day, is the potential energy stored in the pumped storage power station at time t in the dth typical day, ME W The upper limit of energy stored for pumped storage plants;

[0047] The data center operation constraints include:

[0048]

[0049] In the above formula, is the total load of the data center at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day; is the operating load of the data center at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day; is the air-conditioning cooling load at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day, ζ C is the cooling demand coefficient generated by the data center load; are the cooling capacities obtained by using air-conditioning cooling and water-side cooling respectively at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day, η A is the energy efficiency ratio of the air-conditioning system, IC A is the installed capacity of the air-conditioning cooling system configured in the data center;

[0050] The power balance constraint is:

[0051]

[0052] In the above formula, is the power support provided externally by the power generation system at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day; are the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture respectively at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day; is the power of the power-to-gas system at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day; is the base load at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day.

[0053] In the second aspect, the present invention proposes an optimized operation system of a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios, including a model construction module and a model solution module;

[0054] The model construction module is used to integrate and consider extreme scenarios in multiple aspects and multiple time scales, combine carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, and construct an optimized operation model of the low-carbon power generation system with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive cost of the power generation system. The extreme scenarios include flood / drought scenarios, low sunshine scenarios, high temperature scenarios at the climate level, insufficient coal supply scenarios at the operation mode level, thermal power unit shutdown and maintenance scenarios and load transfer scenarios at the fault maintenance level;

[0055] The model solution module is used to solve the optimized operation model of the low-carbon power generation system to obtain an optimized operation plan of the low-carbon power generation system.

[0056] The model construction module includes an objective function construction unit;

[0057] The objective function construction unit is used to construct the objective function of the following optimized operation model:

[0058] min G C +C S +C E +C D -I C ;

[0059]

[0060] In the above formula, C G is the coal cost of the thermal power plant, and C S is the cycle loss cost of the electrochemical energy storage, and C E is the external power purchase cost in case of power shortage in the supply area, and C D is the water evaporation cost of water-side cooling adopted by the data center, and I C is the income of carbon sink and natural gas generated by carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day period, and T U is the unit time, and M CO is the amount of coal consumed to output unit electric energy by the thermal power plant, and PR CO is the unit price of coal, are respectively the discharge power and charging power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the d-th typical day period, and PR S is the cycle loss cost caused by storing or outputting unit energy of the electrochemical energy storage, is the power support provided externally by the power generation system at time t in the d-th typical day period, and PR E is the unit cost of external power purchase, is the cooling capacity obtained by water-side cooling at time t in the d-th typical day period, and λ W is the amount of water evaporated to generate unit cooling capacity when the data center adopts water-side cooling, and PR W is the cost of evaporating unit amount of water, is the mass of carbon dioxide captured at time t in the d-th typical day period, and PR C is the economic benefit generated by unit carbon sink, is the mass of natural gas generated by power-to-gas at time t in the d-th typical day period, and PR G is the economic benefit generated by unit natural gas.

[0061] The model construction module further includes an operation constraint construction unit under multiple extreme scenarios;

[0062] The operation constraint construction unit under multiple extreme scenarios includes a flood / drought scenario operation constraint construction subunit, a low sunshine scenario operation constraint construction subunit, a high temperature scenario operation constraint construction subunit, a coal supply shortage scenario operation constraint construction subunit, a thermal power unit shutdown and maintenance scenario operation constraint construction subunit, and a load transfer scenario operation constraint construction subunit;

[0063] The flood / drought scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following flood / drought scenario operation constraints:

[0064]

[0065] The low sunlight scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following low sunlight scenario operation constraints:

[0066]

[0067] The high temperature scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following high temperature scenario operation constraints:

[0068]

[0069] The insufficient coal supply scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following insufficient coal supply scenario operation constraints:

[0070]

[0071] The thermal power unit shutdown for maintenance scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following thermal power unit shutdown for maintenance scenario operation constraints:

[0072]

[0073] The load transfer scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following load transfer scenario operation constraints:

[0074]

[0075] In the above formula, are the energy output and stored by the pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day in the flood season, respectively. E FW is the potential energy corresponding to the minimum net drainage volume during a typical day in the flood season, d FW is a typical day in the flood season, are the energy stored and output by the pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day in the dry season, respectively. E DW is the potential energy corresponding to the minimum net water storage volume during a typical day in the dry season, d DW is a typical day in the dry season; is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t during a typical day in the low sunlight scenario, P DM is the upper limit of the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, β SL is the high output coefficient of the energy storage system under the low sunlight scenario, d SL is a typical day in the low sunlight scenario, is the operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day in the low sunlight scenario, P WM is the upper limit of the operating power of the pumped-storage power station; is the d-th typical day, time t HTOperating power of direct air carbon capture at time t HT Duration of the high-temperature scenario, P DP Minimum operating power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station when it is in the high-output state Time period t in the d-th typical day HT Discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t WP Minimum operating power of the pumped-storage power station when it is in the high-output state Time period T in the d-th typical day HT Operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time T Air-conditioning cooling load at time t in the typical day with insufficient coal supply P d FD Typical day in the scenario of insufficient coal supply, t P Peak period of electricity load Time period t in the typical day with insufficient coal supply P Operating power of direct air carbon capture at time t Time period t in the typical day with insufficient coal supply P Discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t Time period t in the typical day with insufficient coal supply P Operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t; G H Output power limit of a single thermal power generating unit, N G Number of thermal power generating units configured in the thermal power plant Output power of the centralized photovoltaic power station at time t in the typical day of shutdown for maintenance Discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the typical day of shutdown for maintenance Charging power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the typical day of shutdown for maintenance Operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t in the typical day of shutdown for maintenance Power support provided externally to the power generation system at time t in the typical day of shutdown for maintenance Total load of the data center at time t in the typical day of shutdown for maintenance Operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at time t in the typical day of shutdown for maintenance respectively Power of the power-to-gas system at time t in the typical day of shutdown for maintenance Base load at time t in the typical day of shutdown for maintenance, dx is an auxiliary integer variable, d OM Start-day variable of shutdown for maintenance, Δd OM Duration of shutdown for maintenance Time period t in the d-th typical day LDAir conditioning cooling load at time t LD is the duration of the temporary power supply load scenario for other supply areas is the time period t within the d-th typical day LD Discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t is the time period t within the d-th typical day LD Operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t is the time period t within the d-th typical day LD Operating power of the direct air carbon capture at time t

[0076] The model construction module further includes a carbon capture and power-to-gas constraint construction unit;

[0077] The carbon capture and power-to-gas constraint construction unit is used to construct the following carbon capture and power-to-gas constraints:

[0078]

[0079] In the above formula, are respectively the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at time t within the d-th typical day, IC GC 、IC AC are respectively the installed capacities of the flue gas carbon capture system and the direct air carbon capture system, T U is the unit time, τ GC is the flue gas carbon capture coefficient is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t within the d-th typical day, τ G is the carbon emission coefficient of thermal power generation is the power of the power-to-gas system at time t within the d-th typical day, IC PG is the installed capacity of the power-to-gas system, τ PG is the power-to-gas conversion coefficient, τ AC is the direct air capture coefficient is the mass of carbon dioxide captured at time t within the d-th typical day is the mass of natural gas generated through power-to-gas at time t within the d-th typical day

[0080] The model construction module further includes a general operating constraint construction unit for the power generation system;

[0081] The general operating constraint construction unit for the power generation system includes a thermal power plant operating constraint construction subunit, a centralized photovoltaic power station operating constraint construction subunit, a centralized electrochemical energy storage power station operating constraint construction subunit, a pumped-storage power station operating constraint construction subunit, a data center operating constraint construction subunit, and a power balance constraint construction subunit;

[0082] The operating constraint construction subunit of the thermal power plant is used to construct the following operating constraints of the thermal power plant:

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] In the above formula, is the binary variable of the start-up operation of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day. When there is a start-up operation, and when there is no start-up operation. δ M is a large M constant. is the binary variable of the operating state of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day. When the unit is in the full operating state, and when the unit is in the shutdown state. is the binary variable of the shutdown operation of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day. When there is a shutdown operation, and when there is no shutdown operation. A M and B M are the upper limits of the number of start-up and shutdown operations of the thermal power plant in a typical day respectively. TA d，t is the cumulative duration of the units in the thermal power plant being in the full operating state continuously in the d-th typical day. tx1 and tx2 are both local time variables. T LA is the minimum duration for the units in the thermal power plant to be in the full operating state continuously. TB d，t is the cumulative duration of the thermal power plant having units in the shutdown state continuously at time t in the d-th typical day. T LB is the minimum duration for the thermal power plant to have units in the shutdown state continuously. N L and N H are the lower and upper limits of the output of a single thermal power generation unit respectively. N G is the number of thermal power generation units configured in the thermal power plant. is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day. ΔG L and ΔG H are the lower and upper limits of the down-ramp rate and up-ramp rate of the output of the thermal power generation unit respectively;

[0086] The operating constraint construction subunit of the centralized photovoltaic power station is used to construct the following operating constraints of the centralized photovoltaic power station:

[0087]

[0088] In the above formula, is the output power of the centralized PV power station at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day, IC S is the installed capacity of the PV system in the centralized PV power station, is the hourly power generation coefficient of the PV system at time period t, is the daily power generation coefficient of the PV system on the d-th typical day;

[0089] The operation constraint construction subunit of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station is used to construct the following operation constraints of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station:

[0090]

[0091] In the above formula, are respectively the discharge power and charge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day, is the binary operation state variable of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day, δ M is the large M constant, P CM 、P DM are respectively the upper limits of the charge and discharge powers of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, EC L 、EC H are respectively the lower limit and upper limit of the electricity quantity of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, EC O is the initial electricity quantity of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, T U is the unit time, tx is any time period within a typical day, and tn is the last time period of a typical day;

[0092] The operation constraint construction subunit of the pumped-storage power station is used to construct the following operation constraints of the pumped-storage power station:

[0093]

[0094] In the above formula, is the operation power of the pumped-storage power station at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day, are respectively the energy output and stored by the pumped-storage power station at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day, P WM is the upper limit of the operation power of the pumped-storage power station, is the binary operation state variable of the pumped-storage power station at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day, is the potential energy stored by the pumped-storage power station at the t-th time period of the d-th typical day, ME W is the upper limit of the energy stored by the pumped-storage power station;

[0095] The operation constraint construction subunit of the data center is used to construct the following operation constraints of the data center:

[0096]

[0097] In the above formula, is the total load of the data center at time t in the d-th typical daily period, is the operating load of the data center at time t in the d-th typical daily period, is the air-conditioning cooling load at time t in the d-th typical daily period, ζ C is the cooling demand coefficient generated by the data center load, are the cooling capacities obtained by using air-conditioning cooling and water-side cooling at time t in the d-th typical daily period, respectively, η A is the energy efficiency ratio of the air-conditioning system, IC A is the installed capacity of the air-conditioning cooling system configured in the data center;

[0098] The power balance constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following power balance constraint:

[0099]

[0100] In the above formula, is the power support provided externally by the power generation system at time t in the d-th typical daily period, are the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at time t in the d-th typical daily period, respectively, is the power of the power-to-gas system at time t in the d-th typical daily period, is the base load at time t in the d-th typical daily period.

[0101] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0102] The present invention proposes an optimized operation method and system for a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios. This method comprehensively considers various aspects and multiple time-scale extreme scenarios, combines carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, and aims to minimize the comprehensive cost of the power generation system. An optimized operation model of the low-carbon power generation system is constructed. The extreme scenarios include flood / drought scenarios, low sunshine scenarios, high temperature scenarios at the climate level, insufficient coal supply scenarios at the operation mode level, unit outage maintenance scenarios and load transfer scenarios of thermal power units at the fault maintenance level. By solving the optimized operation model of the low-carbon power generation system, an optimized operation plan for the low-carbon power generation system is obtained. On the one hand, this method comprehensively considers various aspects and multiple time-scale extreme scenarios, optimizes the operation strategy of the power generation system based on a more realistic natural situation, improves the ability of the power system to cope with the increasingly complex operation environment, takes into account both traditional economic indicators and carbon emission constraints, and optimizes energy utilization from the source. On the other hand, this method jointly applies carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, fully utilizes the power during low load periods, obtains additional profits through carbon sinks and converted natural gas while suppressing load fluctuations, and minimizes the comprehensive cost of the power generation system on the premise of meeting the power consumption demand on the load side. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0103] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the power generation system described in Embodiment 1.

[0104] Figure 2 It is a daily characteristic diagram of PV / load described in Embodiment 1.

[0105] Figure 3 It is an annual characteristic diagram of PV / load described in Embodiment 1.

[0106] Figure 4 It is a cooling demand characteristic diagram of the data center described in Embodiment 1.

[0107] Figure 5 It is an overall flow chart of the method described in the present invention.

[0108] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the system described in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0109] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0110] The present invention provides an optimized operation method and system for a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios, which integrates and considers the time scales and occurrence frequencies of various types of extreme scenarios at the climate level, operation mode level, and fault maintenance level, and considers a variety of carbon dioxide capture technologies, including traditional post-combustion capture, direct air capture, and the combined application of power-to-gas technology. At the same time, it considers the super-large load, that is, the load superposition of the data center. The power generation operation plan is optimized with a natural year as the macro time interval. On the premise of meeting the electricity demand on the load side, the comprehensive cost of the power generation system is minimized.

[0111] Embodiment 1:

[0112] This embodiment takes the Figure 1 shown power generation system as the research object, including seven important parts: pumped storage power station, centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, centralized photovoltaic power station, thermal power plant, carbon capture and power-to-gas system, base load, and data center. The daily characteristics of photovoltaic / load used in the system are as Figure 2 shown, the annual characteristics of photovoltaic / load are as Figure 3 shown, and the cooling demand characteristics of the data center are as Figure 4 shown. The parameter settings used in the system are as follows: the unit price of coal is 0.6 yuan per kilogram, the amount of coal consumed by the thermal power plant to output unit electric energy is 0.9 kilograms, the cycle loss cost caused by the electrochemical energy storage to store or output unit energy is 0.5 yuan per kilowatt-hour, the unit cost of external power purchase is 1.2 yuan per kilowatt-hour, the amount of water evaporated per kilowatt-hour of unit cooling generated when the data center uses water-side cooling is 1.6 kilograms, and the cost of evaporating unit water volume is 2×10 -3Yuan per kilowatt-hour, the economic benefits generated by unit carbon sink and natural gas are 0.1 yuan per kilogram and 3 yuan per cubic meter respectively. The upper limit of the number of start-up and shutdown operations of a thermal power plant within a typical day is 2 times. The minimum continuous full-operation duration of the units in the thermal power plant is 4 hours. The minimum continuous unit-outage duration of the thermal power plant is 4 hours. The number of thermal power generating units configured in the thermal power plant is 2 units. The lower and upper limits of the output of a single thermal power generating unit are 300 MW and 90 MW respectively. The upper limits of the lower and upper ramping rates of the output of the thermal power generating unit are both 30 MW per hour. The installed capacity of the photovoltaic system in the centralized photovoltaic power station is 300 MW. The installed capacity of the electrochemical energy storage power station is 400 MWh, with an initial power of 200 MWh. The maximum charge and discharge power are both 100 MW. The lower and upper limits of the power are 40 MWh and 360 MWh respectively. The upper limit of the operating power of the pumped-storage power station is 200 MW. The upper limit of the stored energy of the pumped-storage power station is 1000 MWh. The cooling demand coefficient generated by the data center load is 0.5. The energy efficiency ratio of the air-conditioning system is 4. The installed capacity of the air-conditioning cooling system configured in the data center is 20 MW. The installed capacities of the flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture systems are 40 MW and 20 MW respectively. The installed capacity of the power-to-gas system is 40 MW. The flue gas carbon capture coefficient is 10 kg per kilowatt-hour. The direct air capture coefficient is 2.5 kg per kilowatt-hour. The carbon emission coefficient of thermal power generation is 2.1 kg per kilowatt-hour. The power-to-gas conversion coefficient is 0.25 cubic meters per kilowatt-hour. The potential energy corresponding to the minimum net drainage volume within a typical day during the flood season is 200 MWh. The potential energy corresponding to the minimum net water storage volume within a typical day during the dry season is 200 MWh. The minimum operating powers of the electrochemical energy storage power station and the pumped-storage power station when in the high-output state are 80 MW and 160 MW respectively. The duration of shutdown for maintenance is 10 days. The high-output coefficient of the energy storage system under low sunshine scenarios is 1.1.

[0113] As Figure 5 shown, the optimized operation method of the low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios is carried out in the following steps in sequence:

[0114] 1. Integrate and consider extreme scenarios in multiple aspects and multiple time scales, combine carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, and build an optimized operation model of the low-carbon power generation system with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive cost of the power generation system;

[0115] The structure of the power generation system includes seven important parts: pumped-storage power station, centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, centralized photovoltaic power station, thermal power plant, carbon capture and power-to-gas system, base load, and data center. Among them, the pumped-storage power station and the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station serve as flexible energy storage facilities, the centralized photovoltaic power station and the thermal power plant serve as the main power sources, the carbon capture and power-to-gas system is responsible for capturing carbon dioxide from the gases discharged from the thermal power plant and the air and converting it into natural gas via power-to-gas facilities, the base load refers to the essential load for maintaining normal residents' lives, and the data center includes two types of load demands: operating load and cooling load;

[0116] The objective function of the low-carbon power generation system optimization operation model includes:

[0117] min C G +C S +C E +C D -I C ;

[0118]

[0119] In the above formula, C G is the coal cost of the thermal power plant, C S is the cycle loss cost of the electrochemical energy storage, C E is the external power purchase cost in case of power shortage in the supply area, C D is the water evaporation cost of using water-side cooling in the data center, I C is the income from carbon sink and natural gas generated by carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day period, T U is the unit time, M CO is the amount of coal consumed by the thermal power plant to output unit electric energy, PR CO is the unit price of coal, are the discharge power and charge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the d-th typical day period respectively, PR S is the cycle loss cost caused by storing or outputting unit energy of the electrochemical energy storage, is the power support provided externally by the power generation system at time t in the d-th typical day period, PR E is the unit cost of external power purchase, is the cooling capacity obtained by using water-side cooling at time t in the d-th typical day period, λ W is the amount of water evaporated per unit of cooling capacity generated when the data center uses water-side cooling, PR W is the cost of evaporating unit amount of water, is the mass of carbon dioxide captured at time t in the d-th typical day period, PR CThe economic benefits generated per unit of carbon sink is the mass of natural gas generated by power-to-gas at time t during the d-th typical day, PR G is the economic benefit generated per unit of natural gas;

[0120] The constraint conditions of the low-carbon power generation system optimization operation model include operation constraints under multiple extreme scenarios, carbon capture and power-to-gas constraints, and general operation constraints of the power generation system. Among them, the operation constraints under multiple extreme scenarios include operation constraints under flood / drought scenarios, low sunlight scenarios, high temperature scenarios, insufficient coal supply scenarios, thermal power unit shutdown and maintenance scenarios, and load transfer scenarios. The general operation constraints of the power generation system include operation constraints of thermal power plants, centralized photovoltaic power stations, centralized electrochemical energy storage power stations, pumped-storage power stations, data centers, and power balance constraints;

[0121] For multiple extreme scenarios, at the climate level: the impact of the wet season and dry season caused by large-scale precipitation and drought on pumped-storage power stations is considered, and the time scale is daily; the low power output of photovoltaics due to weather such as precipitation and cloudiness during the overall peak photovoltaic season, such as in summer, is considered, and the time scale is daily; the impact of short-term extreme temperatures on electricity loads is considered, and the time scale is hourly; at the operation mode level: the impact of limited coal supply on thermal power output is considered, and the time scale is daily; at the fault maintenance level: the impact of the outage of thermal power generation units on power generation output is considered, and the time scale is daily; the impact of temporarily transferred loads from other supply areas is considered, and the time scale is hourly;

[0122] In the flood season scenario, the pumped-storage power station needs to play a certain role in flood discharge, while in the dry season scenario, the pumped-storage power station needs to play a certain role in water storage. The time scale is daily. Therefore, the operation constraints for flood / drought scenarios include:

[0123]

[0124] In the low sunlight scenario, the photovoltaic output is lower than expected. To ensure power supply, the upper limit of the electrochemical energy storage output should be relaxed during the expected high photovoltaic output period, and its power support capacity should be enhanced without causing destructive damage to the energy storage system. At the same time, the output power of the pumped-storage power station is relaxed. The time scale is daily. Therefore, the operation constraints for low sunlight scenarios include:

[0125]

[0126] In high-temperature scenarios, the cooling demand on the user side increases, leading to a sharp increase in the base load and the cooling demand of the data center. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring dual-mode cooling in the data center, the direct air capture system needs to be shut down, and the operating constraints of energy storage need to be relaxed. The time scale is hourly. Therefore, the operating constraints in high-temperature scenarios include:

[0127]

[0128] In scenarios of insufficient coal supply, the direct air capture system needs to be shut down during peak electricity consumption periods, and the high-output states of pumped-storage power stations and centralized electrochemical energy storage power stations need to be ensured. External power purchases should be minimized to avoid bottlenecks in the power supply channels. The time scale is daily. Therefore, the operating constraints in scenarios of insufficient coal supply include:

[0129]

[0130] In scenarios where thermal power units are shut down for maintenance, it is necessary to select a time period that can ensure that the remaining power sources can meet the power supply demand. The time scale is daily. Therefore, the operating constraints in scenarios where thermal power units are shut down for maintenance include:

[0131]

[0132] In scenarios of temporary transfer of load to other supply areas, the electricity demand on the load side increases. The source side needs to relax the operating constraints of energy storage in a short period of time. At the same time, the cooling of the data center on the load side is changed to full water-side cooling to avoid bottlenecks in the power supply channels. The time scale is hourly. Therefore, the operating constraints in load transfer scenarios include:

[0133]

[0134] In the above formula, are the energy output and stored by the pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day in the flood season, respectively. E FW is the potential energy corresponding to the minimum net drainage volume during a typical day in the flood season, d FW is a typical day in the flood season, are the energy stored and output by the pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day in the dry season, respectively. E DW is the potential energy corresponding to the minimum net water storage volume during a typical day in the dry season, d DW is a typical day in the dry season; is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t during a typical day in the low-sunshine scenario, P DM is the upper limit of the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, β SL is the high-output coefficient of the energy storage system in the low-sunshine scenario, d SL is a typical day in the low-sunshine scenario, is the operating power of the pumped - storage power station at the typical intraday time t in the low - sunlight scenario, P WM is the upper limit of the operating power of the pumped - storage power station; is the d - th typical intraday time t HT is the operating power of direct air carbon capture at time t HT is the duration of the high - temperature scenario, P DP is the minimum operating power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station when it is in the high - output state, is the d - th typical intraday time t HT is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t, P WP is the minimum operating power of the pumped - storage power station when it is in the high - output state, is the d - th typical intraday time t HT is the operating power of the pumped - storage power station at time t; is the air - conditioning cooling load at the typical intraday time t in the scenario of insufficient coal supply, d P is the typical day in the scenario of insufficient coal supply, t FD is the peak period of electricity consumption load, P is the peak period of electricity consumption load, is the typical intraday time t in the scenario of insufficient coal supply P is the operating power of direct air carbon capture at time t, is the typical intraday time t in the scenario of insufficient coal supply P is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t, is the typical intraday time t in the scenario of insufficient coal supply P is the operating power of the pumped - storage power station at time t; G H is the output upper limit of a single thermal power generating unit, H G is the number of thermal power generating units configured in the thermal power plant, is the output power of the centralized photovoltaic power station at the typical intraday time t during shutdown and maintenance, is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at the typical intraday time t during shutdown and maintenance, is the charging power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at the typical intraday time t during shutdown and maintenance, is the operating power of the pumped - storage power station at the typical intraday time t during shutdown and maintenance, is the power support provided externally to the power generation system at the typical intraday time t during shutdown and maintenance, is the total load of the data center at the typical intraday time t during shutdown and maintenance, are respectively the operating powers of flue - gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at the typical intraday time t during shutdown and maintenance, is the power of the power - to - gas system at the typical intraday time t during shutdown and maintenance, is the base load at time t during a typical day for shutdown maintenance, dx is an auxiliary integer variable, d OM is the start day variable for shutdown maintenance, Δd OM is the duration of shutdown maintenance; is the air-conditioning cooling load at time t during the d-th typical day LD t LD is the duration of the scenario of temporary power supply transfer from other supply areas, is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t during the d-th typical day LD is the operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t during the d-th typical day LD is the operating power of direct air carbon capture at time t during the d-th typical day LD ;

[0135] Considering the combined application of two carbon capture methods in thermal power plants, namely flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture, and power-to-gas technology, making full use of the electricity during the low load period, while suppressing the load fluctuation, obtaining additional profits through carbon sinks and converted natural gas, the carbon capture and power-to-gas constraints include:

[0136] Operating constraints of the two carbon capture methods:

[0137]

[0138] Operating constraints of the power-to-gas system:

[0139]

[0140] Mass constraint of the captured carbon dioxide:

[0141]

[0142] Mass constraint of the natural gas generated by power-to-gas:

[0143]

[0144] In the above formula, are the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at time t during the d-th typical day respectively, IC GC and IC AC are the installed capacities of the flue gas carbon capture system and the direct air carbon capture system respectively, T U is the unit time, τ GC is the flue gas carbon capture coefficient, that is, the amount of carbon dioxide that can be captured from the air by consuming unit energy, is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t during the d-th typical day, τ G ​​is the carbon emission coefficient of thermal power generation, that is, the amount of carbon dioxide discharged from flue gas per unit of energy generated, is the power of the power-to-gas system at time t in the d-th typical day, IC PG is the installed capacity of the power-to-gas system, τ PG is the power-to-gas conversion coefficient, that is, the amount of natural gas that can be generated per unit of energy consumed, τ AC is the direct air capture coefficient, is the mass of carbon dioxide captured at time t in the d-th typical day, is the mass of natural gas generated by power-to-gas at time t in the d-th typical day;

[0145] To ensure sufficient power supply capacity, the thermal power plant is equipped with no less than 2 thermal power generating units, and at most 1 unit is in the shutdown state in each period. The operating constraints of the thermal power plant include:

[0146] Constraints on the start-up and shutdown operation state switching of the thermal power plant:

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] Constraints on the minimum continuous full-operation duration of the units in the thermal power plant:

[0150]

[0151] Constraints on the minimum continuous shutdown duration of the units in the thermal power plant:

[0152]

[0153] Output power constraints of the thermal power plant:

[0154]

[0155] Constraints on the ramp rate of the output power after the operation state of the units in the thermal power plant changes:

[0156]

[0157] In the above formula, is the binary variable of the start-up operation of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day. When there is a start-up operation, and when there is no start-up operation, δ M is the large M constant, is the binary variable of the operation state of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day. When the unit is in the full-operation state, and when Sometimes the unit is in a shutdown state. is a binary variable for the shutdown operation of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day period. When there is a shutdown operation, and when there is no shutdown operation, A M , B M are respectively the upper limits of the start-up and shutdown operation times of the thermal power plant within a typical day. TA d，t is the cumulative duration of the units in the thermal power plant being in a full operation state continuously in the d-th typical day. tx1 and tx2 are both local time variables. T LA is the minimum duration for the units in the thermal power plant to be in a full operation state continuously. TB d，t is the cumulative duration of the thermal power plant being in a state with units out of operation continuously at time t in the d-th typical day period. T LB is the minimum duration for the thermal power plant to be in a state with units out of operation continuously. G L , G H are respectively the lower limit and upper limit of the output of a single thermal power generating unit. N G is the number of thermal power generating units configured in the thermal power plant. is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day period. ΔG L , ΔG H are respectively the upper limit of the lower ramping rate and the upper limit of the upper ramping rate of the output of the thermal power generating unit;

[0158] The operating constraints of the centralized photovoltaic power station are as follows:

[0159] Actual output power constraint of the centralized photovoltaic power station:

[0160]

[0161] In the above formula, is the output power of the centralized photovoltaic power station at time t in the d-th typical day period. IC S is the installed capacity of the photovoltaic system in the centralized photovoltaic power station. is the hourly power generation coefficient of the photovoltaic system at time t. is the daily power generation coefficient of the photovoltaic system in the d-th typical day;

[0162] The operating constraints of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station include:

[0163] The operating state constraint of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station restricts that the energy storage system can only operate in one of the charging or discharging states at the same time:

[0164]

[0165] Output power constraint of a centralized electrochemical energy storage power station:

[0166]

[0167] State of charge constraint of a centralized electrochemical energy storage power station:

[0168]

[0169] In the above formula, are the discharge power and charge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the d-th typical day, respectively, is the binary operation state variable of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the d-th typical day. When the energy storage system operates in the discharge state, and when the energy storage system operates in the charge state, δ M is a large M constant, PC M 、P DM are the upper limits of the charge and discharge powers of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, respectively, EC L 、EC H are the lower and upper limits of the state of charge of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, respectively, EC O is the initial state of charge of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, T U is the unit time, tx is any time period in a typical day, and tn is the last time period of a typical day;

[0170] The operation constraints of the pumped-storage power station include:

[0171] Output and energy storage power constraint of the pumped-storage power station:

[0172]

[0173] The operation state constraint of the pumped-storage power station limits it to only be in one of the pumping and discharging states at any time period:

[0174]

[0175] Energy storage constraint of the pumped-storage power station:

[0176]

[0177] In the above formula, is the operation power of the pumped-storage power station at time t in the d-th typical day. When the pumped-storage power station is in the state of outputting electric energy, and when the pumped-storage power station is in the state of storing energy, The energy output and stored by the pumped - storage power station at time t during the d - th typical day are \(P_{d,t}\) and \(E_{d,t}\) respectively. WM \(P^{max}\) is the upper limit of the operating power of the pumped - storage power station. \(u_{d,t}\) is the binary operating state variable of the pumped - storage power station at time t during the d - th typical day. When \(u_{d,t}=1\), the pumped - storage power station is in the state of discharging electricity, and when \(u_{d,t}=0\), the pumped - storage power station is in the state of pumping water to store potential energy. \(ME_{d,t}\) is the potential energy stored by the pumped - storage power station at time t during the d - th typical day. W \(ME^{max}\) is the upper limit of the energy stored by the pumped - storage power station.

[0178] Due to the large operating load and cooling load of the data center, and the cooling demand of the data center being affected by the external air temperature, two typical data - center cooling methods, namely air - conditioning cooling and ice - storage cooling, are used. Considering the superposition of their operating load and cooling load on the base load, the data - center operation constraints include:

[0179] Total load constraint of the data center:

[0180]

[0181] Cooling capacity balance constraint of the data center:

[0182]

[0183] Air - conditioning cooling constraint:

[0184]

[0185] In the above formula, \(L_{d,t}\) is the total load of the data center at time t during the d - th typical day. \(L_{op,d,t}\) is the operating load of the data center at time t during the d - th typical day. \(L_{ac,d,t}\) is the air - conditioning cooling load of the data center at time t during the d - th typical day, \(\zeta_{d,t}\) C \(\zeta\) is the cooling - demand coefficient generated by the data - center load. \(Q_{ac,d,t}\) and \(Q_{ws,d,t}\) are the cooling capacities obtained by air - conditioning cooling and water - side cooling at time t during the d - th typical day respectively, \(\eta_{d,t}\) A \(COP\) is the energy - efficiency ratio of the air - conditioning system, \(IC\) A \(IC\) is the installed capacity of the air - conditioning cooling system configured in the data center.

[0186] The main power sources, energy storage, and loads in the power generation system include thermal power plants, centralized photovoltaic power stations, centralized electrochemical energy storage power stations, pumped - storage power stations, carbon capture systems, power - to - gas systems, data - center operation and air - conditioning cooling loads, and base loads. Therefore, the power - balance constraint of the power generation system is:

[0187]

[0188] In the above formula, is the power support provided externally by the power generation system at time t in the d-th typical daily period, are respectively the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at time t in the d-th typical daily period, is the power of the power-to-gas system at time t in the d-th typical daily period, is the base load at time t in the d-th typical daily period.

[0189] 2. Conduct simulation runs based on the MATLAB / CPLEX platform, solve the optimal operation model of the low-carbon power generation system, and obtain the optimal operation plan of the low-carbon power generation system;

[0190] The parameter settings of the simulation platform hardware equipment are: Intel Core i7-9750H, 32G RAM, 2.6GHz.

[0191] To verify the effectiveness of this plan, the conventional operation method of the power generation system is introduced as Method 2 and compared with the method proposed in this plan as Method 1. Among them, Method 2 does not consider the application of carbon capture facilities and power-to-gas facilities, nor does it consider special operation plans for extreme scenarios. It only uses the method of purchasing electricity from the outside to meet the electricity demand gap in all scenarios. The economic comparison results are shown in Table 1:

[0192] Table 1 Economic results of the two methods

[0193]

[0194] Table 1 lists the power generation side cost, energy storage cost, load side revenue, and comprehensive cost when using the two methods. Among them, the power generation side cost includes the coal cost of the thermal power plant and the external power purchase cost in the case of power shortage in the supply area. The energy storage cost is the cycle loss cost of the electrochemical energy storage. The load side revenue is the revenue of carbon sinks and natural gas generated by the carbon capture and power-to-gas systems minus the revenue of the evaporation cost of the water side cooling water volume; it can be seen from Table 1 that although the energy storage cost is slightly increased when using Method 1 compared with using Method 2, the power generation side cost of Method 1 is reduced by 20.26% compared with Method 2, and an additional load side revenue of 2.33×10 8 yuan is generated; from the perspective of the comprehensive cost, when using Method 1, it is reduced by 22.54% compared with using Method 2; the above results show that the optimal operation method of the low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios proposed in this plan achieves the effect of meeting the electricity demand on the load side while reducing the comprehensive cost of the power generation system.

[0195] Example 2:

[0196] Such asFigure 6 As shown, the optimized operation system of a low-carbon power generation system considering multi-variate extreme scenarios includes a model construction module and a model solution module;

[0197] The model construction module is used to integrate and consider multi-faceted and multi-time-scale extreme scenarios, combine carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, and construct an optimized operation model of a low-carbon power generation system with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive cost of the power generation system. The extreme scenarios include flood / drought scenarios, low sunshine scenarios, high temperature scenarios at the climate level, insufficient coal supply scenarios at the operation mode level, power generation unit shutdown and maintenance scenarios, and load transfer scenarios at the fault maintenance level;

[0198] The model solution module is used to solve the optimized operation model of the low-carbon power generation system to obtain an optimized operation plan for the low-carbon power generation system.

[0199] The model construction module includes an objective function construction unit, an operation constraint construction unit under multi-variate extreme scenarios, a carbon capture and power-to-gas constraint construction unit, and a general operation constraint construction unit for the power generation system;

[0200] The objective function construction unit is used to construct the objective function of the optimized operation model of the low-carbon power generation system as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0201] The operation constraint construction unit under multi-variate extreme scenarios includes a flood / drought scenario operation constraint construction subunit, a low sunshine scenario operation constraint construction subunit, a high temperature scenario operation constraint construction subunit, an insufficient coal supply scenario operation constraint construction subunit, a power generation unit shutdown and maintenance scenario operation constraint construction subunit, and a load transfer scenario operation constraint construction subunit;

[0202] The flood / drought scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the flood / drought scenario operation constraints as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0203] The low sunshine scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the low sunshine scenario operation constraints as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0204] The high temperature scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the high temperature scenario operation constraints as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0205] The insufficient coal supply scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the insufficient coal supply scenario operation constraints as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0206] The power generation unit shutdown and maintenance scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the power generation unit shutdown and maintenance scenario operation constraints as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0207] The load transfer scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the load transfer scenario operation constraints as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0208] The carbon capture and power-to-gas constraint construction unit is used to construct the carbon capture and power-to-gas constraints as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0209] The general operation constraint construction unit of the power generation system includes a thermal power plant operation constraint construction subunit, a centralized photovoltaic power generation station operation constraint construction subunit, a centralized electrochemical energy storage power station operation constraint construction subunit, a pumped-storage power station operation constraint construction subunit, a data center operation constraint construction subunit, and a power balance constraint construction subunit;

[0210] The thermal power plant operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the thermal power plant operation constraints as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0211] The centralized photovoltaic power generation station operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the centralized photovoltaic power generation station operation constraints as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0212] The centralized electrochemical energy storage power station operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station operation constraints as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0213] The pumped-storage power station operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the pumped-storage power station operation constraints as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0214] The data center operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the data center operation constraints as shown in Embodiment 1;

[0215] The power balance constraint construction subunit is used to construct the power balance constraints as shown in Embodiment 1.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the operation of a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios, characterized in that: The method includes: S1. Integrate and consider extreme scenarios in multiple aspects and multiple time scales, combine carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, and build an optimization operation model of a low-carbon power generation system with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive cost of the power generation system. The extreme scenarios include flood / drought scenarios, low sunshine scenarios, high temperature scenarios at the climate level, insufficient coal supply scenarios at the operation mode level, thermal power unit shutdown and maintenance scenarios, and load transfer scenarios at the fault maintenance level; S2. Solve the optimization operation model of the low-carbon power generation system to obtain an optimization operation plan for the low-carbon power generation system.

2. The method for optimizing the operation of a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above S1, the objective function of the optimization operation model includes: min C G +C S +C E +C D -I C ; In the above formula, C G is the coal cost of the thermal power plant, C S is the cycle loss cost of the electrochemical energy storage, C E is the external power purchase cost under the power shortage in the supply area, C D is the water evaporation cost of water-side cooling adopted by the data center, I C is the income of carbon sink and natural gas generated by carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day, T U is the unit time, M CO is the coal consumption per unit of electric energy output by the thermal power plant, PR CO is the unit price of coal, are the discharge power and charging power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the d-th typical day respectively, PR S is the cycle loss cost caused by the storage or output of unit energy of the electrochemical energy storage, is the power support provided externally by the power generation system at time t in the d-th typical day, PR E is the unit cost of external power purchase, is the cooling capacity obtained by water-side cooling at time t in the d-th typical day, λ W is the amount of water evaporated per unit of cooling capacity generated by water-side cooling in the data center, PR W is the cost of evaporating unit water volume, is the mass of carbon dioxide captured at time t in the d-th typical day, PR C is the economic benefit generated by unit carbon sink, is the mass of natural gas generated by power-to-gas at time t in the d-th typical day, PR G is the economic benefit generated by unit natural gas.

3. The method for optimizing the operation of a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above S1, the constraint conditions of the optimization operation model include operation constraints under multiple extreme scenarios; The operation constraints under multiple extreme scenarios include flood / drought scenario operation constraints, low sunshine scenario operation constraints, high temperature scenario operation constraints, insufficient coal supply scenario operation constraints, thermal power unit shutdown and maintenance scenario operation constraints, and load transfer scenario operation constraints; The flood / drought scenario operation constraints, with a time scale of daily level, include: The low sunshine scenario operation constraints, with a time scale of daily level, include: The high temperature scenario operation constraints, with a time scale of hourly level, include: The insufficient coal supply scenario operation constraints, with a time scale of daily level, include: The thermal power unit shutdown and maintenance scenario operation constraints, with a time scale of daily level, include: The load transfer scenario operation constraints, with a time scale of hourly level, include: In the above formula, are the energy output and stored by the pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day in the flood season, and E FW is the potential energy corresponding to the minimum net drainage volume during a typical day in the flood season, and d FW is a typical day in the flood season, are the energy stored and output by the pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day in the dry season, and E DW is the potential energy corresponding to the minimum net water storage volume during a typical day in the dry season, and d DW is a typical day in the dry season; is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t during a typical day in the low sunlight scenario, and P DM is the upper limit of the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, and β SL is the high output coefficient of the energy storage system in the low sunlight scenario, and d SL is a typical day in the low sunlight scenario, is the operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day in the low sunlight scenario, and P WM is the upper limit of the operating power of the pumped-storage power station; is the time t in the d-th typical day HT when the operating power of direct air carbon capture is, and t HT is the duration of the high temperature scenario, and P DP is the minimum operating power when the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station is in the high output state, is the time t in the d-th typical day HT when the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station is, and P WP is the minimum operating power when the pumped-storage power station is in the high output state, is the time t in the d-th typical day HT when the operating power of the pumped-storage power station is; is the air conditioning cooling load at time t during a typical day with insufficient coal supply, and d P is a typical day in the scenario of insufficient coal supply, and t FD is the peak period of electricity consumption load, P is the peak period of electricity consumption load, is the time t in the typical day with insufficient coal supply P when the operating power of direct air carbon capture is, is the time t in the typical day with insufficient coal supply P when the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station is, is the time t in the typical day with insufficient coal supply P when the operating power of the pumped-storage power station is; G H is the upper limit of the output of a single thermal power generating unit, and N G is the number of thermal power generating units configured in a thermal power plant, is the output power of the centralized photovoltaic power station at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the charging power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the power support provided externally to the power generation system at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the total load of the data center at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, are the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the power of the power-to-gas system at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the base load at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, dx is an auxiliary integer variable, d OM is the start day variable of the shutdown for maintenance, Δd OM is the duration of the shutdown for maintenance; is the time t during the dth typical day LD of the air-conditioning cooling load, t LD is the duration of the temporary power supply load scenario transferred from other supply areas, is the time t during the dth typical day LD of the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, is the time t during the dth typical day LD of the operating power of the pumped-storage power station, is the time t during the dth typical day LD of the operating power of direct air carbon capture.

4. The method for optimizing the operation of a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above S1, the constraint conditions of the optimization operation model also include carbon capture and power-to-gas constraints; The carbon capture and power-to-gas constraints include: In the above formula, are the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at time t during the d-th typical day, respectively, IC GC and IC AC are the installed capacities of the flue gas carbon capture system and the direct air carbon capture system, respectively, T U is the unit time, τ GC is the flue gas carbon capture coefficient, is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t during the d-th typical day, τ G is the carbon emission coefficient of thermal power generation, is the power of the power-to-gas system at time t during the d-th typical day, IC PG is the installed capacity of the power-to-gas system, τ PG is the power-to-gas conversion coefficient, τ AC is the direct air capture coefficient, is the mass of carbon dioxide captured at time t during the d-th typical day, is the mass of natural gas produced by power-to-gas at time t during the d-th typical day.

5. The method for optimizing the operation of a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above S1, the constraint conditions of the optimization operation model also include general operation constraints of the power generation system; The general operation constraints of the power generation system include thermal power plant operation constraints, centralized photovoltaic power generation station operation constraints, centralized electrochemical energy storage power station operation constraints, pumped storage power station operation constraints, data center operation constraints, and power balance constraints; The thermal power plant operation constraints include: In the above formula, is a binary variable for the start-up operation of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day period. When there is a start-up operation, and when there is no start-up operation. δ M is a large M constant. is a binary variable for the operating state of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day period. When the unit is in the full operating state, and when the unit is in the shutdown state. is a binary variable for the shutdown operation of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day period. When there is a shutdown operation, and when there is no shutdown operation. A M and B M are the upper limits of the start-up and shutdown operation times of a thermal power plant in a typical day respectively. TA d，t is the cumulative duration of the units in the thermal power plant being continuously in the full operating state in the d-th typical day. tx1 and tx2 are both local time variables. T LA is the minimum duration for the units in the thermal power plant to be continuously in the full operating state. TB d，t is the cumulative duration of the thermal power plant having units in the shutdown state continuously at time t in the d-th typical day. T LB is the minimum duration for the thermal power plant to have units in the shutdown state continuously. G L and G H are the lower and upper limits of the output of a single thermal power generating unit respectively. N G is the number of thermal power generating units configured in the thermal power plant. is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day. ΔG L and ΔG H are the upper limits of the lower and upper ramping rates of the output of the thermal power generating unit respectively. The centralized photovoltaic power generation station operation constraints are: In the above formula, is the output power of the centralized PV power station at time t in the d-th typical day, IC S is the installed capacity of the PV system in the centralized PV power station, is the hourly power generation coefficient of the PV system at time t, is the daily power generation coefficient of the PV system in the d-th typical day; The centralized electrochemical energy storage power station operation constraints include: In the above formula, are the discharge power and charging power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the d-th typical intra-day period respectively, is the binary operation state variable of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the d-th typical intra-day period, δ M is the large M constant, P CM 、P DM are the upper limits of the charging and discharging powers of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station respectively, EC L 、EC H are the lower and upper limits of the electricity quantity of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station respectively, EC O is the initial electricity quantity of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, T U is the unit time, tw is any time period within a typical intra-day period, and tn is the last time period of a typical day; The pumped storage power station operation constraints include: In the above formula, is the operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t in the d-th typical daily period, are the energy output and stored by the pumped-storage power station at time t in the d-th typical daily period, respectively. P WM is the upper limit of the operating power of the pumped-storage power station, is the binary operating state variable of the pumped-storage power station at time t in the d-th typical daily period, is the potential energy stored by the pumped-storage power station at time t in the d-th typical daily period. ME W is the upper limit of the energy stored by the pumped-storage power station; The data center operation constraints include: In the above formula, is the total load of the data center at time t in the d-th typical day period, is the operating load of the data center at time t in the d-th typical day period, is the air-conditioning cooling load of the data center at time t in the d-th typical day period, and ζC is the cooling demand coefficient generated by the data center load. are the cooling capacities obtained by using air-conditioning cooling and water-side cooling respectively at time t in the d-th typical day period, and η A is the energy efficiency ratio of the air-conditioning system, and IC A is the installed capacity of the air-conditioning cooling system configured in the data center. The power balance constraint is: In the above formula, is the power support provided externally by the power generation system at time t in the d-th typical daily period, are the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at time t in the d-th typical daily period, respectively, is the power of the power-to-gas system at time t in the d-th typical daily period, is the base load at time t in the d-th typical daily period.

6. A low-carbon power generation system optimization operation system considering multiple extreme scenarios, characterized in that: The system includes a model construction module and a model solution module; The model construction module is used to integrally consider extreme scenarios in multiple aspects and multiple time scales, combine carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, and construct an optimal operation model of a low-carbon power generation system with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive cost of the power generation system. The extreme scenarios include flood / drought scenarios, low sunshine scenarios, high temperature scenarios at the climate level, insufficient coal supply scenarios at the operation mode level, power generation unit shutdown and maintenance scenarios, and load transfer scenarios at the fault maintenance level. The model solution module is used to solve the optimal operation model of the low-carbon power generation system to obtain an optimal operation plan for the low-carbon power generation system.

7. The optimal operation system of a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios according to claim 6, characterized in that the model construction module includes an objective function construction unit; the objective function construction unit is used to construct the objective function of the following optimal operation model: minC G +C S +C E +C D -I C ; In the above formula, C G is the coal cost of the thermal power plant, C S is the cycle loss cost of the electrochemical energy storage, C E is the external power purchase cost in case of power shortage in the supply area, C D is the water evaporation cost of water-side cooling adopted by the data center, I C is the income of carbon sink and natural gas generated by carbon capture and power-to-gas technologies, is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day, T U is the unit time, M CO is the coal consumption for the thermal power plant to output unit electric energy, PR CO is the unit price of coal, are the discharge power and charge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the d-th typical day respectively, PR S is the cycle loss cost caused by the electrochemical energy storage storing or outputting unit energy, is the power support provided externally to the power generation system at time t in the d-th typical day, PR E is the unit cost of external power purchase, is the cooling capacity obtained by water-side cooling at time t in the d-th typical day, λ W is the water evaporation amount per unit cooling capacity generated by water-side cooling in the data center, PR W is the cost of evaporating unit water amount, is the mass of carbon dioxide captured at time t in the d-th typical day, PR C is the economic benefit generated by unit carbon sink, is the mass of natural gas generated by power-to-gas at time t in the d-th typical day, PR G is the economic benefit generated by unit natural gas.

8. The optimal operation system of a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios according to claim 6, characterized in that the model construction module further includes an operation constraint construction unit under multiple extreme scenarios; the operation constraint construction unit under multiple extreme scenarios includes a flood / drought scenario operation constraint construction subunit, a low sunshine scenario operation constraint construction subunit, a high temperature scenario operation constraint construction subunit, an insufficient coal supply scenario operation constraint construction subunit, a power generation unit shutdown and maintenance scenario operation constraint construction subunit, and a load transfer scenario operation constraint construction subunit; the flood / drought scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following flood / drought scenario operation constraints: the low sunshine scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following low sunshine scenario operation constraints: the high temperature scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following high temperature scenario operation constraints: the insufficient coal supply scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following insufficient coal supply scenario operation constraints: the power generation unit shutdown and maintenance scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following power generation unit shutdown and maintenance scenario operation constraints: the load transfer scenario operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following load transfer scenario operation constraints: In the above formula, are the energy output and stored by the pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day in the flood season, E FW is the potential energy corresponding to the minimum net drainage volume during a typical day in the flood season, d FW is a typical day in the flood season, are the energy stored and output by the pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day in the dry season, E DW is the potential energy corresponding to the minimum net water storage volume during a typical day in the dry season, d DW is a typical day in the dry season; is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t during a typical day in the low sunlight scenario, P DM is the upper limit of the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, β SL is the high-output coefficient of the energy storage system in the low sunlight scenario, d SL is a typical day in the low sunlight scenario, is the operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day in the low sunlight scenario, P WM is the upper limit of the operating power of the pumped-storage power station; is the time t in the d-th typical day HT is the operating power of direct air carbon capture at time t, t HT is the duration of the high temperature scenario, P DP is the minimum operating power when the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station is in the high-output state, is the time t in the d-th typical day HT is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t, P WP is the minimum operating power when the pumped-storage power station is in the high-output state, is the time t in the d-th typical day HT is the operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t; is the air-conditioning cooling load at time t during a typical day with insufficient coal supply, d P is a typical day in the scenario of insufficient coal supply, t FD is the peak period of the electricity load, P is the peak period of the electricity load, is the time t in a typical day with insufficient coal supply P is the operating power of direct air carbon capture at time t, is the time t in a typical day with insufficient coal supply P is the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t, is the time t in a typical day with insufficient coal supply P is the operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t; G H is the upper limit of the output of a single thermal power generating unit, N G is the number of thermal power generating units configured in a thermal power plant, is the output power of a centralized photovoltaic power station at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the discharge power of a centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the charging power of a centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the operating power of a pumped-storage power station at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the power support provided externally to the power generation system at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the total load of the data center at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, are the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, respectively, is the power of the power-to-gas system at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, is the base load at time t during a typical day of shutdown for maintenance, dx is an auxiliary integer variable, d OM is the start day variable of the shutdown for maintenance, Δd OM is the duration of the shutdown for maintenance; is the time t during the d-th typical day LD the air-conditioning cooling load at time t, t LD is the duration of the temporary transfer load scenario in other supply areas, is the time t during the d-th typical day LD the discharge power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t, is the time t during the d-th typical day LD the operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t, is the time t during the d-th typical day LD the operating power of direct air carbon capture at time t.

9. The optimal operation system of a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios according to claim 6, characterized in that the model construction module further includes a carbon capture and power-to-gas constraint construction unit; the carbon capture and power-to-gas constraint construction unit is used to construct the following carbon capture and power-to-gas constraints: In the above formula, are the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at time t in the d-th typical day, respectively, GC , AC are the installed capacities of the flue gas carbon capture system and the direct air carbon capture system, respectively, U is the unit time, GC is the flue gas carbon capture coefficient, is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day, G is the carbon emission coefficient of thermal power generation, is the power of the power-to-gas system at time t in the d-th typical day, PG is the installed capacity of the power-to-gas system, PG is the power-to-gas conversion coefficient, AC is the direct air capture coefficient, is the mass of carbon dioxide captured at time t in the d-th typical day, is the mass of natural gas generated through power-to-gas at time t in the d-th typical day.

10. The optimal operation system of a low-carbon power generation system considering multiple extreme scenarios according to claim 6, characterized in that the model construction module further includes a general operation constraint construction unit for the power generation system; the general operation constraint construction unit for the power generation system includes a thermal power plant operation constraint construction subunit, a centralized photovoltaic power generation station operation constraint construction subunit, a centralized electrochemical energy storage power station operation constraint construction subunit, a pumped storage power station operation constraint construction subunit, a data center operation constraint construction subunit, and a power balance constraint construction subunit; the thermal power plant operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following thermal power plant operation constraints: In the above formula, is a binary variable for the start-up operation of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day period. When there is a start-up operation, and when there is no start-up operation. δ M is a large M constant, is a binary variable for the operating state of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day period. When the unit is in a full operating state, and when the unit is in a shutdown state. is a binary variable for the shutdown operation of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day period. When there is a shutdown operation, and when there is no shutdown operation. A M and B M are the upper limits of the start-up and shutdown operation times of a thermal power plant in a typical day respectively. TA d，t is the cumulative duration for which the units in the thermal power plant in the d-th typical day are continuously in a full operating state. tx1 and tx2 are both local time variables. T LA is the minimum duration for which the units of the thermal power plant are continuously in a full operating state. TB d，t is the cumulative duration for which the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day is continuously in a state where there are units out of service. T LB is the minimum duration for which the thermal power plant is continuously in a state where there are units out of service. G L and G H are the lower and upper limits of the output of a single thermal power generating unit respectively. N G is the number of thermal power generating units configured in the thermal power plant. is the output power of the thermal power plant at time t in the d-th typical day. ΔG L and ΔG H are the upper limits of the lower and upper ramping rates of the output of the thermal power generating unit respectively; The centralized photovoltaic power station operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following centralized photovoltaic power station operation constraints: In the above formula, is the output power of the centralized PV power station at time t in the d-th typical day, and IC S is the installed capacity of the PV system in the centralized PV power station, is the hourly generation coefficient of the PV system at time t, is the daily generation coefficient of the PV system in the d-th typical day; The centralized electrochemical energy storage power station operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following centralized electrochemical energy storage power station operation constraints: In the above formula, are the discharge power and charging power of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the d-th typical intra-day period, respectively, is the binary operating state variable of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station at time t in the d-th typical intra-day period, δ M is the large M constant, P CM 、P DM are the upper limits of the charging and discharging powers of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, EC L 、EC H are the lower and upper limits of the electricity quantity of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, EC O is the initial electricity quantity of the centralized electrochemical energy storage power station, T U is the unit time, tw is any time period within a typical day, and tn is the last time period of a typical day; The pumped-storage power station operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following pumped-storage power station operation constraints: In the above formula, is the operating power of the pumped-storage power station at time t in the d-th typical day period, are the energy output and stored by the pumped-storage power station at time t in the d-th typical day period, respectively. P WM is the upper limit of the operating power of the pumped-storage power station, is the binary operating state variable of the pumped-storage power station at time t in the d-th typical day period, is the potential energy stored by the pumped-storage power station at time t in the d-th typical day period, ME W is the upper limit of the energy stored by the pumped-storage power station; The data center operation constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following data center operation constraints: In the above formula, is the total load of the data center at time t in the d-th typical day period, is the operating load of the data center at time t in the d-th typical day period, is the air-conditioning cooling load at time t in the d-th typical day period, and ζC is the coefficient of cold demand generated by the data center load. are the cold quantities obtained by using air-conditioning cooling and water-side cooling respectively at time t in the d-th typical day period, and η A is the energy efficiency ratio of the air-conditioning system, and IC A is the installed capacity of the air-conditioning cooling system configured in the data center. The power balance constraint construction subunit is used to construct the following power balance constraints: In the above formula, is the power support provided externally by the power generation system at time t in the d-th typical daily period, are the operating powers of flue gas carbon capture and direct air carbon capture at time t in the d-th typical daily period, respectively, is the power of the power-to-gas system at time t in the d-th typical daily period, is the base load at time t in the d-th typical daily period.

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