Photovoltaic charging management system of field scientific observation station

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power management, and discloses a photovoltaic charging management system of a field scientific observation station, which comprises a single chip microcomputer, a battery charging and discharging management module, a switching circuit and a sampling circuit, the battery charging and discharging management module manages charging and discharging of the battery and outputs the real-time state of the battery to the single-chip microcomputer. The sampling circuit samples the discharging condition of the photovoltaic panel output circuit or the battery and transmits sampling information to the single chip microcomputer; the single-chip microcomputer comprises a monitoring module and a switching module. The monitoring module judges whether the battery or the battery charging and discharging management module works abnormally according to sampling information. And the switching module carries out automatic charging management of photovoltaic charging or battery charging on the to-be-charged equipment. By intelligently switching the power supply mode, the service life of the battery is prolonged, the stability of power supply in a low-power-consumption mode is ensured, the power supply efficiency is improved, and remote real-time data monitoring and analysis are provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power management, and particularly relates to a photovoltaic charging management system for a field scientific observation station. Background Art

[0002] A field scientific observation station refers to an observation station established in the wild environment for scientific research purposes. The wild environment refers to the natural environment far from cities and human settlements, including areas such as forests, mountains, grasslands, deserts, and wetlands that are undeveloped or have less human intervention. The wild is an important part of the natural ecosystem, with the characteristics of being primitive, pure, and diverse. Some research objects of some disciplines are in the wild environment, such as zoology and botany. For some disciplines, higher signal-to-noise ratios can be obtained when observing research objects in the wild, such as astronomy and seismology. These observation stations in the wild environment are difficult to access the public power grid. Field scientific observation stations in various disciplines all use solar or wind energy to generate electricity. The rotation of the wind turbine blades will cause vibrations and attract the attention of wild animals and other problems. Solar energy does not have such problems.

[0003] Solar energy is a clean and renewable energy source. Solar photovoltaic power generation is a technology that uses photovoltaic panels to directly convert the light energy of sunlight into electrical energy, and then transports the electrical energy to electrical appliances or stores it in energy storage batteries. This technology can provide electrical energy for areas and equipment that are not easily connected to the power grid, and is particularly suitable for field scientific observation stations. In this technology, the storage and management of the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic panels rely on the battery management system BMS (Battery Management System). This system can play roles such as improving the efficiency of the solar energy system, extending the battery life, and ensuring the safe operation of the system.

[0004] In the existing literature: Gong Ruikun, Deng Penghao, Zhang Kanao. Research on the multi-power supply design of WSN nodes based on solar energy technology [J]. Power Technology, 2021, 45(12): 1616-1619., the traditional independent solar charging controller adopts pulse width modulation PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) or linear control mode based on the CN3722 chip, lacking an efficient maximum power point tracking MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) function, which limits the utilization efficiency of solar energy.

[0005] 1. Lack of intelligent charging management function

[0006] Although CN3722 supports the basic constant current / constant voltage charging mode, it does not integrate more advanced intelligent charging management functions, such as dynamically adjusting the charging current, adaptive charging strategies, or intelligent management algorithms based on the battery status. These functions are very important in some applications, especially in terms of the service life and safety of lithium batteries. For example, some high-end devices may need to dynamically adjust the charging strategy according to the real-time status of the battery (such as temperature, voltage, internal resistance, etc.) to extend the battery life or improve the charging efficiency. However, the charging algorithm of CN3722 is relatively fixed and lacks this advanced intelligent management function, which may not meet the requirements in some high-end applications.

[0007] 2. Lack of communication interface

[0008] The CN3722 chip itself does not have a communication interface and cannot interact with external systems for data. In applications that require real-time monitoring of the battery status (such as voltage, current, temperature, etc.) or dynamically adjusting the charging strategy, the lack of a communication interface may limit the flexibility and scalability of the system. For example, when running a field scientific observation station, it may be necessary to exchange data with the main control system through a communication interface to achieve more intelligent management.

[0009] Secondly, the solar controller integrated with the MPPT function improves the solar energy utilization rate, but there may be problems of unbalanced energy scheduling under complex load conditions.

[0010] Thirdly, the distributed battery management system manages different battery packs through multiple modules respectively, which is suitable for large-scale energy storage systems, but the design and maintenance costs are relatively high and it is not suitable for field scientific observation stations.

[0011] In addition, the solar energy management system based on artificial intelligence and optimization algorithms can dynamically adjust the charge and discharge strategies and improve the degree of intelligence, but the complexity and computational resource requirements are relatively large.

[0012] These solutions still have deficiencies in terms of energy utilization rate, battery life management, and cost control, and there is an urgent need for a comprehensive optimization solution to improve the performance and reliability of the solar energy system. Summary of the Invention

[0013] To overcome or alleviate one or more of the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic charging management system for a field scientific observation station. By adopting a solution with a single-chip microcomputer as the main control, and through the programmable algorithms of the single-chip microcomputer and the advantages of rich peripherals, the technical problems are solved. Specifically, by an external detection circuit and introducing a dynamic adjustment of the charging current, an adaptive charging strategy, and an intelligent management algorithm based on the battery state, the battery life is extended and the charging efficiency is improved; the communication interface of the single-chip microcomputer, such as UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter), is led out, so that the charging management system can perform data interaction with an external system, realizing real-time monitoring of the battery state and dynamic adjustment of the charging strategy.

[0014] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0015] The present invention provides a photovoltaic charging management system for a field scientific observation station,

[0016] which includes a single-chip microcomputer, a battery charge and discharge management module, a switching circuit, and a sampling circuit. The single-chip microcomputer is respectively connected to the battery charge and discharge management module, the switching circuit, and the sampling circuit. The switching circuit is used to switch the photovoltaic panel output circuit to charge the device to be charged or the battery output to charge the device to be charged. The battery charge and discharge management module manages the charge and discharge of the battery and outputs real-time battery state information to the single-chip microcomputer; the sampling circuit samples the discharge condition of the photovoltaic panel output circuit or the battery and transmits the sampling information to the single-chip microcomputer;

[0017] The single-chip microcomputer includes a monitoring module and a switching module. The monitoring module receives the sampling information of the sampling circuit according to the battery power and the charge and discharge state returned by the battery charge and discharge management module, and judges whether the battery or the battery charge and discharge management module is working abnormally according to the sampling information; the switching module outputs a control signal for switching between photovoltaic power supply and battery pack power supply to the switching circuit according to whether the sampling data of the photovoltaic panel output circuit exceeds a preset threshold and whether the battery power exceeds the threshold, so as to automatically manage the charging of the device to be charged by photovoltaic charging or battery charging.

[0018] According to some embodiments, the single-chip microcomputer obtains battery power information and charge and discharge status in real time through the battery charge and discharge management module; the single-chip microcomputer continuously detects whether the sampling information of the sampling module is an abnormal signal. If so, the monitoring module controls the battery charge and discharge management module to turn off the battery power supply and issue a warning; if not, the monitoring module compares the sampling information with a preset threshold. When it is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the monitoring module switches to the photovoltaic panel power supply through the switching circuit; when it is lower than the preset threshold and the battery power is higher than the power threshold, the single-chip microcomputer switches to the battery power supply through the switching circuit.

[0019] According to some embodiments, the sampling circuit samples any information or a combination of any information of the output voltage, output current, battery temperature, or battery internal resistance of the battery.

[0020] According to some embodiments, the model of the single-chip microcomputer is selected from CH32 or STM32; the model of the battery charge and discharge management module is selected from the IP5305_T or BQ2407X series.

[0021] According to some embodiments, when the model of the single-chip microcomputer is selected from CH32 and the model of the battery charge and discharge management module is IP5305_T, the single-chip microcomputer converts the analog signal transmitted by the sampling circuit into a digital signal through the built-in analog-to-digital converter; the GPIO pin of the single-chip microcomputer is electrically connected to the LED indicator output pin of the power management chip IP5305_T.

[0022] According to some embodiments, the single-chip microcomputer sends the sampling information obtained from the sampling circuit and the battery charge and discharge management module to the outside after analog-to-digital conversion through the embedded UART communication module. The obtained sampling information includes the real-time voltage of the battery, charging current, discharging current, battery status, and output power of the photovoltaic panel output circuit.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. Prolong the battery life

[0025] The present invention can intelligently switch between the photovoltaic panel output and the battery output modes through the single-chip microcomputer and the battery charge and discharge management module, which can reduce the working time of the battery pack. Specifically, when the output of the photovoltaic panel is sufficient, the system automatically switches to the photovoltaic panel output mode, reducing the charge and discharge times of the battery pack, thereby prolonging the service life of the battery.

[0026] 2. Better power supply stability in the low-power mode

[0027] The present invention overcomes the problem that the traditional power management scheme in the low power consumption mode easily leads to power supply interruption. Through the low power consumption automatic output shutdown function of the IP5305_T power management chip, it can continuously output in the low power consumption mode, ensuring the continuity of power supply.

[0028] 3. Improve system efficiency

[0029] The present invention detects the battery status in real time through the analog-to-digital converter function built into the CH32 single-chip microcomputer. The system can intelligently switch the power supply mode according to actual needs, avoiding unnecessary energy waste.

[0030] 4. Real-time data monitoring and analysis

[0031] The present invention uses the UART interface of the CH32 microcontroller to transmit data such as battery voltage, charging current, and discharge current in real time. These data can be used for real-time monitoring and analysis of external systems to help users better manage energy resources.

[0032] Therefore, the present invention extends the battery life and ensures the stability of power supply in low power consumption mode by intelligently switching power supply modes, improves power supply efficiency, and provides remote real-time data monitoring and analysis, thereby significantly improving the overall performance of photovoltaic and battery power supply in field scientific observation stations.

[0033] Some abbreviations and key terms of the present invention are defined as follows:

[0034] PWM: Pulse Width Modulation

[0035] MPPT: Maximum Power Point Tracking

[0036] BMS: Battery Management System

[0037] ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter

[0038] UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter)

[0039] LED (Light Emitting Diobe). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the photovoltaic charging management system of the field scientific observation station provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 Flowchart of battery state detection of the photovoltaic charging management system of the field scientific observation station provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 Flowchart of power supply mode switching of the photovoltaic charging management system of the field scientific observation station provided by the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation mode

[0043] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. However, it should be understood that the embodiments and drawings are only used for exemplary description of the present invention, and do not constitute any limitation to the protection scope of the present invention. All reasonable transformations and combinations within the scope of the inventive concept of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0044] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] As Figure 1 , the photovoltaic charging management system of the field scientific observation station provided in this embodiment includes a single-chip microcomputer CH32 and a chip IP5305_T of a battery charge and discharge management module, as well as a switching circuit, a photovoltaic panel output circuit, an output circuit, and a protection and sampling circuit connected thereto. The single-chip microcomputer CH32 is embedded with a UART communication module. Among them, the switching circuit, the photovoltaic panel output circuit, the output circuit, and the protection and sampling circuit are all prior arts. See Guo Qiang, Zhang Fanyun, Li Haixiao, etc. Multi-mode control strategy of high-efficiency four-switch Buck-Boost converter [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2024, 45(11): 101-116. DOI: 10.19650 / j.cnki.cjsi.J2413199. This embodiment will not be elaborated further.

[0047] As Figure 1 , the single-chip microcomputer CH32 outputs a control signal to the switching circuit, the switching circuit transmits a control signal to the photovoltaic panel output circuit, the photovoltaic panel output circuit outputs a photovoltaic voltage to the output circuit and protection, the output circuit and protection output a sampling signal to the sampling circuit through a feedback circuit, and the sampling circuit is based on the voltage sampling of the photovoltaic panel passing through the output circuit. This sampling will provide a feedback signal for CH32 to control the output circuit. The sampling signal includes voltage and current. The chip IP5305_T receives the control signal for detecting the switching circuit and controls the battery pack to output a battery voltage to the output circuit and protection. The single-chip microcomputer CH32 collects information about the relevant battery pack from the chip IP5305_T for storage or external transmission.

[0048] The single-chip microcomputer CH32 includes a monitoring module and a switching module. The monitoring module of the single-chip microcomputer CH32 monitors the battery status in real time, and the switching module realizes efficient power management in combination with the working mode of the chip IP5305_T. Among them, the chip IP5305_T is an improved version of IP5306, which optimizes the problem of automatic shutdown of the output in the low-power state of IP5306, and can continuously and stably output in the low-power mode, ensuring the continuity and reliability of battery power supply under low-load conditions. The switching module outputs a control signal for whether to switch between photovoltaic power supply and battery pack power supply to the switching circuit, and automatically manages the charging of the observation equipment in the field scientific observation station.

[0049] In this embodiment, CH32 converts the analog signal into a digital signal by detecting the LED (Light Emitting Diode) power indication output pin of IP5305_T and the battery sampling circuit, and combining its built-in analog-to-digital converter function to monitor the voltage and discharge capacity of the battery in real time. At the same time, the system intelligently switches between the two modes of photovoltaic panel power supply and battery power supply by collecting analog signals such as the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic panel, avoiding the battery pack from being in the working state for a long time, thereby effectively extending the service life of the battery. In addition, the system can also communicate and transmit the analog data such as the real-time voltage, charging current, and discharging current of the battery collected through the interface of the UART communication module to an external system to achieve real-time monitoring and interaction.

[0050] Specifically, this embodiment mainly includes the following three parts:

[0051] 1. Monitoring module, used for battery status monitoring

[0052] The single-chip microcomputer CH32 detects the analog signal of the battery sampling circuit through its built-in analog-to-digital converter function to judge the real-time status of the battery.

[0053] Detecting the IP5305_T power management chip: The single-chip microcomputer obtains the working mode information of the battery by detecting its LED light indication output pin.

[0054] 2. Switching module, used for power supply mode switching, and there are two power supply modes:

[0055] Photovoltaic panel output mode: When the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic panel meet the system requirements, the single-chip microcomputer transmits a control instruction to the switching circuit, and the power supply switches to the photovoltaic panel output mode, reducing the working time of the battery pack.

[0056] Battery output mode: When the output of the photovoltaic panel is insufficient, the system automatically switches to the battery output mode to ensure uninterrupted power supply.

[0057] 3. Communication module

[0058] UART interface: Through the UART interface, analog quantities such as the real-time voltage, charging current, and discharging current of the battery collected are transmitted to an external system to achieve real-time monitoring and analysis of data.

[0059] Such as Figure 1 , the CH32 single-chip microcomputer can obtain the output circuit voltage obtained by the sampling circuit at this time through its built-in analog-to-digital converter to detect the battery state. The IP5305_T power management chip obtains the working mode information through the LED indicator output pin, and the UART interface is used for data transmission.

[0060] Such as Figure 2 , the monitoring module of the CH32 single-chip microcomputer detects the sampling circuit through its built-in analog-to-digital converter function, including initialization, sampling, judgment, and output of results.

[0061] Such as Figure 3 , the switching module of the CH32 single-chip microcomputer intelligently switches the power supply mode according to the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic panel, including detection, judgment, switching, and output.

[0062] The specific implementation manners of the operation of the above three main modules are as follows:

[0063] 1. Battery state detection

[0064] Through the IP5305_T chip or the sampling circuit, continuously and precisely detect the voltage and current of the battery state to ensure the safe and stable operation of the battery pack in different working modes and achieve the detection of the battery pack state. The sampling circuit and the single-chip microcomputer are arranged on the same circuit board, and battery sampling is performed through the on-board sampling circuit. The IP5305_T chip feeds back the displayed power information processed by the IP5305_T chip to the single-chip microcomputer, and the on-board battery sampling of the CH32 performs a self-calibration process on the real-time voltage and discharge amount of the battery through an algorithm. If the indication of the IP5305_T chip differs greatly from the actual on-board sampling, the misreport of the information of the IP5305_T chip can be effectively prevented.

[0065] In the sampling mode of the sampling circuit, first, the built-in analog-to-digital converter module of the single-chip microcomputer CH32 monitoring module is connected to the sampling circuit. Through circuit design, the LED indicator output pin of the power management chip IP5305_T is connected to the GPIO pin of the single-chip microcomputer CH32 to obtain information about the working modes such as battery charging, discharging, and full charge. Then, when the system starts up, the built-in analog-to-digital converter and GPIO pins are initialized to ensure normal hardware connection. Finally, the analog-to-digital converter module of the single-chip microcomputer CH32 reads the analog signal of the sampling circuit at a relatively high sampling frequency. To ensure the accuracy of the data, the sampled data is digitally filtered to eliminate noise interference and obtain a relatively stable voltage value, and then the current state of the battery can be judged based on the real-time voltage value: when the battery voltage is lower than the set threshold, the system determines it is in the charging state; when the battery voltage is within the set range, the system determines it is in the discharging state; when the battery voltage reaches the set upper limit, the system determines it is in the full charge state. The purpose of the threshold judgment is that the single-chip microcomputer CH32 presets certain voltage and current thresholds to judge whether the output of the photovoltaic panel is sufficient. When the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic panel exceed the preset thresholds, it is judged that the output of the photovoltaic panel is sufficient; otherwise, it is judged that the output of the photovoltaic panel is insufficient.

[0066] At the same time, by detecting the high and low levels of the LED indicator output pin of the IP5305_T chip, the working mode information of the battery is obtained. When the monitoring module detects an abnormal state, the monitoring module triggers an alarm mechanism and issues an alarm through LED flashing or a buzzer.

[0067] 2. Power supply mode switching

[0068] Power supply mode switching is a core function of the system's intelligent management, aiming to optimize energy utilization and ensure the stability and continuity of power supply. Based on the sampling circuit, by real-time monitoring of the output voltage and current data of the photovoltaic panel and the battery, the voltage sensor and current sensor in the sampling circuit respectively obtain the voltage value and current value of the photovoltaic panel, calculate the real-time power of the photovoltaic panel, and compare it with the set power threshold. When the output power of the photovoltaic panel is greater than the set threshold, the switching module of the single-chip microcomputer CH32 transmits a control signal to the switching circuit, controls the switch to the photovoltaic panel output mode, directly uses the electric energy of the photovoltaic panel to supply power to the load, and at the same time controls the battery to stop discharging and charges the battery pack through IP5305_T, entering the standby state, reducing the charging frequency and working time of the battery pack. When the output power of the photovoltaic panel is lower than the set threshold and the battery power is sufficient, the switching module transmits a control signal to the switching circuit, controls the switch to the battery output mode, and the battery pack supplies power to the load, ensuring that the power supply is not affected in the case of insufficient photovoltaic panel output and guaranteeing the stability of the system. The relay switch in the switching circuit is controlled by the GPIO pin of the single-chip microcomputer CH32 to achieve seamless switching between the photovoltaic panel output and the battery output. The switching module will have a 1-millisecond delay during the switching process to avoid interference with the entire system caused by frequent switching.

[0069] 3. Communication Transmission

[0070] The communication module is used to transmit key data inside the system to an external system to achieve remote monitoring and data analysis. The UART module of the single-chip microcomputer CH32 is used to configure parameters such as baud rate, data bits, stop bits, and parity bits. When the system starts up, the UART module is initialized to ensure the normal communication link. Transmitted from the sampling circuit to the monitoring module, the following data is collected: the real-time voltage of the battery, charging current, discharging current, output power of the photovoltaic panel, and battery status, and the collected data is packed into a data frame in a fixed format. The data frame is transmitted to the external system through the UART interface. After receiving the data, the external system displays the battery status, power information, etc. in real time and can store and analyze the data. If the communication link is interrupted, the system will automatically record the data in local storage and re-transmit it after the communication is restored. The external system can send control commands through the UART interface to achieve remote control of the system. For example, users can set parameters such as battery charging threshold, discharging threshold, or switching power supply mode through the host computer. The external system monitors the status of the battery in real time, such as voltage, current, temperature, etc., and conducts data analysis and recording. Through data analysis, information such as the health status and remaining power of the battery can be understood in a timely manner, so as to take corresponding maintenance measures.

[0071] In this embodiment, the battery status detection process based on CH32 and IP5305_T is a combined detection that detects the battery voltage through the analog-to-digital converter function of the single-chip microcomputer CH32 and obtains the battery operating mode information through the LED indication output pin of IP5305_T.

[0072] The control logic implementation method for intelligent switching of the power supply mode in this embodiment: According to the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic panel, the power supply mode is intelligently switched. And through the real-time transmission and monitoring system of battery status data:

[0073] Implementation method: Transmit the real-time data of the battery to the external system through the UART interface to realize real-time monitoring and analysis of the data.

[0074] Specific steps:

[0075] 1. Data acquisition:

[0076] The CH32 microcontroller regularly acquires data such as the battery voltage, charging current, and discharging current through its built-in analog-to-digital converter module.

[0077] 2. Data transmission:

[0078] Through the UART module of the CH32 microcontroller, the acquired data is packed into a standard format and transmitted to the external system through the UART interface.

[0079] 3. Data monitoring:

[0080] The external system receives the data through the UART interface and parses it. The external system can monitor the status of the battery in real time, such as voltage, current, temperature, etc., and perform data analysis and recording. Through data analysis, information such as the health status and remaining power of the battery can be understood in a timely manner, so as to take corresponding maintenance measures.

[0081] Embodiment 2

[0082] In this embodiment, other types of single-chip microcomputers and power management chips are used:

[0083] Alternative devices: Other models of single-chip microcomputers (such as the STM32 series) and power management chips (such as the BQ2407X series) can be used to replace the CH32 microcontroller and the IP5305_T power management chip.

[0084] Implementation method: These alternative devices also have the functions of analog-to-digital conversion and power management, and can realize battery status detection and power supply mode switching. For example, the STM32 series microcontroller can detect the battery voltage through its analog-to-digital converter module, while the BQ2407X series power management chip can realize power supply management in the low-power mode.

[0085] Advantages: These alternative devices are widely used in the market, with high compatibility and reliability, and can achieve the same technical effects as the present invention.

[0086] Alternative method steps: Use different detection and switching logics

[0087] Alternative method: Different detection and switching logics can be used to achieve the detection of the battery state and the switching of the power supply mode. For example, the state of the battery can be judged by detecting the temperature and internal resistance of the battery, rather than relying solely on voltage sampling.

[0088] Implementation method: When detecting the battery state, in addition to using the analog-to-digital converter function to detect the voltage, a temperature sensor and / or an internal resistance detection circuit can also be combined to obtain more comprehensive battery state information. When switching the power supply mode, the switching strategy can be determined according to the output power of the photovoltaic panel and the remaining capacity of the battery.

[0089] Advantages: This method can provide more comprehensive battery state information, further improving the reliability and intelligence of the system.

[0090] The above embodiments are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements and refinements made without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic charging management system for a field scientific observation station, characterized in that: It includes a single-chip microcomputer, a battery charge and discharge management module, a switching circuit, and a sampling circuit. The single-chip microcomputer is respectively connected to the battery charge and discharge management module, the switching circuit, and the sampling circuit. The switching circuit is used to switch the photovoltaic panel output circuit to charge the device to be charged or the battery output to charge the device to be charged. The battery charge and discharge management module manages the charge and discharge of the battery and outputs the real-time state information of the battery to the single-chip microcomputer; the sampling circuit samples the discharge situation of the photovoltaic panel output circuit or the battery and transmits the sampling information to the single-chip microcomputer; The single-chip microcomputer includes a monitoring module and a switching module. The monitoring module receives the sampling information of the sampling circuit according to the battery power and charge and discharge status returned by the battery charge and discharge management module, and judges whether the battery or the battery charge and discharge management module works abnormally according to the sampling information; The switching module outputs a control signal for switching photovoltaic power supply and battery pack power supply to the switching circuit according to whether the sampling data of the photovoltaic panel output circuit exceeds a preset threshold and whether the battery power exceeds the threshold, and automatically manages the charging of the device to be charged by photovoltaic charging or battery charging.

2. The photovoltaic charging management system of the field scientific observation station according to claim 1, wherein: The single-chip microcomputer obtains the battery power information and charge and discharge status in real time through the battery charge and discharge management module; the single-chip microcomputer continuously detects whether the sampling information of the sampling module is an abnormal signal. If so, the monitoring module controls the battery charge and discharge management module to turn off the battery power supply and gives an alarm; if not, the monitoring module compares the sampling information with a preset threshold. When it is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, the monitoring module switches to the photovoltaic panel power supply through the switching circuit; When it is lower than the preset threshold and the battery power is higher than the power threshold, the single-chip microcomputer switches to the battery power supply through the switching circuit.

3. The photovoltaic charging management system of the field scientific observation station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling circuit samples any information or a combination of any information of the output voltage, output current, battery temperature, or battery internal resistance of the battery.

4. The photovoltaic charging management system of the field scientific observation station according to claim 2, wherein: The model of the single-chip microcomputer is selected from CH32 or STM32; the model of the battery charge and discharge management module is selected from the IP5305_T or BQ2407X series.

5. The photovoltaic charging management system of the field scientific observation station according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the model of the single-chip microcomputer is selected from CH32 and the model of the battery charge and discharge management module is IP5305_T, the single-chip microcomputer converts the analog signal transmitted by the sampling circuit into a digital signal through the built-in analog-to-digital converter; the GPIO pin of the single-chip microcomputer is electrically connected to the LED light indication output pin of the power management chip IP5305_T.

6. The photovoltaic charging management system of the field scientific observation station according to claim 5, characterized in that: The single-chip microcomputer sends the sampling information obtained from the sampling circuit and the battery charge and discharge management module to the outside after analog-to-digital conversion through the embedded UART communication module. The obtained sampling information includes the real-time battery voltage, charging current, discharging current, battery status, and the output power of the photovoltaic panel output circuit.

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