Packaging structure of perovskite solar cell module and application thereof
By adopting an alternate stacking structure of inorganic and organic barrier layers in perovskite solar cells, the problem of water and oxygen intrusion is solved, the stability and life of the battery are improved, and the packaging effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410025731.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-18
AI Technical Summary
The existing perovskite solar cell packaging technology cannot effectively block water and oxygen, resulting in poor battery stability and affecting life and performance.
An alternately stacked inorganic and organic barrier layer structure is adopted, where the area of the inorganic barrier layer is larger than that of the organic barrier layer, forming an inorganic layer stacking area to reduce the water oxygen intrusion path, and blocking the transverse penetration of water oxygen through the gap between the organic/inorganic barrier layer.
It improves the water-oxygen barrier capacity of perovskite solar cells, extends the battery life and improves reliability, and the packaging effect is significantly better than traditional methods.
Smart Images
Figure CN120344080A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and relates to a packaging structure and application of a perovskite solar cell module. Background Art
[0002] Perovskite solar cells have attracted great attention in the academic community due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost, easy processing, and rich resources. Although the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has been continuously improved, compared with traditional crystalline silicon or thin-film solar cells, existing perovskite solar cells often have poor stability against moisture and oxygen. In an atmospheric environment, the perovskite layer is extremely easy to decompose or the organic hole transport layer fails, resulting in a rapid decline in the performance of the solar cell. Therefore, the packaging technology has an important impact on the battery life during the use of solar cells.
[0003] For traditional perovskite solar cell packaging technology, the waterproof property cannot meet the requirements of perovskite solar cells; high-temperature operations are often required during the packaging process, which will affect the performance of perovskite solar cells. This poses higher technical requirements for perovskite solar cell packaging technology, and it is necessary to design a packaging structure suitable for perovskite solar cell modules to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, and provide a packaging structure and application of a perovskite solar cell module, so as to maximize the barrier against water and oxygen in the air, and thus improve the stability of perovskite batteries.
[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a packaging structure for a perovskite solar cell module, including:
[0007] A substrate for supporting the perovskite solar cell module;
[0008] A perovskite solar cell module formed above the substrate;
[0009] A packaging structure formed on the perovskite solar cell module and including at least one inorganic barrier layer; or, a packaging structure formed on the perovskite solar cell module and including multiple alternately stacked inorganic barrier layers and organic barrier layers, where the area of the inorganic barrier layer adjacent to the organic barrier layer is larger than the area of the current organic barrier layer; the innermost and outermost layers of the packaging structure are both inorganic barrier layers;
[0010] The packaging structure covers the upper surface and side surfaces of the perovskite solar cell module.
[0011] Among them, along the thickness direction of the perovskite solar cell module, there is an overlapping area in the orthographic projection between the organic barrier layers; and at least part of two adjacent inorganic barrier layers are in contact with each other, and the inorganic barrier layers are stacked together to form an inorganic layer stacking area.
[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of the organic barrier layer is 10 nm to 100 μm; the thickness of the inorganic barrier layer is 5 nm to 10 μm.
[0013] It should be noted that the thickness of the organic barrier layer can also be adaptively prepared according to actual encapsulation requirements, such as 10 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 300 nm, 600 nm, 800 nm, 1000 nm, 2 μm, 10 μm, 30 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 80 μm or 100 μm, etc., which will not be listed one by one; the thickness of the inorganic barrier layer can be adaptively prepared according to actual encapsulation requirements, and the optional thicknesses are 5 nm, 20 nm, 40 nm, 80 nm, 100 nm, 300 nm, 500 nm, 700 nm, 900 nm, 1000 nm, 2 μm, 4 μm, 6 μm, 8 μm, 10 μm, etc., which will not be listed one by one.
[0014] Furthermore, the total number of layers of the encapsulation structure is an odd number N, and 1 ≤ N ≤ 21. Specifically, the encapsulation structure includes any number of organic barrier layers and inorganic barrier layers within the above range. The combination of organic barrier layers and inorganic barrier layers can vary according to the degree of resistance to oxygen, moisture, water vapor, and / or chemicals. For example, the total number of organic barrier layers and inorganic barrier layers can be 21 layers or less, such as 1 layer (only an inorganic barrier layer), 3 layers, 5 layers, 7 layers, 9 layers, 11 layers, 13 layers, 15 layers, 17 layers, 19 layers, 21 layers. Specifically, a 5-layer encapsulation structure can be alternately arranged from the inside to the outside as the first inorganic barrier layer / the first organic barrier layer / the second inorganic barrier layer / the second organic barrier layer / the third inorganic barrier layer.
[0015] It should be noted that in this encapsulation structure, the organic barrier layers and the inorganic barrier layers can be alternately deposited to supplement or strengthen the encapsulation effect of the perovskite solar cell module.
[0016] Furthermore, the inorganic barrier layer covers the perovskite solar cell module and at least part of the substrate.
[0017] Furthermore, the organic barrier layer is a flat structure that can provide buffering, and its material can be a polymer or a resin material.
[0018] Further, the material of the inorganic barrier layer is selected from one or more of Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, MgO, HfO2, Ta2O5, Si3N4, AlN, SiNx, SiNO, SiO, SiO2, SiOx, SiC or ITO.
[0019] On the other hand, the perovskite solar cell module provided by the present invention includes a conductive substrate (substrate), an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and an electrode.
[0020] In some specific embodiments, the conductive substrate may include an ITO glass substrate, but is not limited thereto.
[0021] In some specific embodiments, the material of the electron transport layer may be selected from any one or more than two of TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, NiOx, PEDOT:PSS, PTAA, but is not limited thereto.
[0022] In some specific embodiments, the structural formula of the perovskite layer may be MAPbI3, FAPbI3, FA0.8Cs0.1MA 0.1 PbI 2.9 Br 0.1 (The structural formula of MA is CH3NH 3+ , and the structural formula of FA is CH4N 2+ ), but is not limited thereto.
[0023] In some specific embodiments, the hole transport layer is any one or more than two of a layered structure prepared from nickel oxide, doped nickel oxide, cuprous iodide, cuprous thiocyanate, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), PEDOT:PSS or Spiro-OMeTAD, but is not limited thereto.
[0024] In some specific embodiments, the electrode is one or more metals of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), but is not limited thereto.
[0025] In some preferred embodiments, the perovskite solar cell is a normal structure (n-i-p type) or a reverse structure (p-i-n type).
[0026] In addition, the present invention also provides the application of the above packaging structure in solar cells, especially perovskite solar cells.
[0027] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0028] The encapsulation structure provided by the present invention reduces the probability of water and oxygen invading the organic barrier layer by increasing the path for water and oxygen to invade the organic barrier layer from the side, avoiding the failure of the perovskite solar cell module. At the same time, by setting the area of the inorganic barrier layer to be larger than that of the organic barrier layer, the purpose of blocking the invasion of water and oxygen into the organic barrier layer can be achieved, thereby improving the water and oxygen barrier ability of the perovskite solar cell module, extending the service life of the perovskite solar cell module, and being beneficial to improving the reliability of the perovskite solar cell module during storage and use.
[0029] In addition, in the encapsulation structure provided by the present invention, the gaps between adjacent organic / inorganic barrier layers are not completely exposed to the external environment, effectively blocking the lateral penetration of water and oxygen, and having a good encapsulation effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated into the specification and form a part of the specification, and are used together with the specification to explain the principles of the present invention.
[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.
[0032] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module provided by the present invention;
[0033] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;
[0034] Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
[0035] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Comparative Example 1;
[0036] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module provided in Comparative Example 2;
[0037] Figure 6 It is a curve showing the change of the normalized efficiency of the perovskite solar cell modules provided in Embodiment 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 with time;
[0038] Figure 7 It is a curve showing the change of the normalized efficiency of the perovskite solar cell modules provided in Embodiments 1 to 4 with time.
[0039] Wherein: 10, substrate; 20, perovskite solar cell module; 31, first inorganic barrier layer; 32, first organic barrier layer; 40, second inorganic barrier layer; 50, sealant; 60, glass cover plate; 301, inorganic layer stacking region. Detailed implementation manners
[0040] Here, the exemplary embodiments will be described in detail, and the examples are shown in the drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The implementation manners described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementation manners consistent with the present invention. On the contrary, they are only examples consistent with some aspects of the present invention detailed in the appended claims.
[0041] The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module provided by the present invention includes:
[0042] A substrate 10 for supporting the perovskite solar cell module 20;
[0043] A perovskite solar cell module 20 formed above the substrate 10;
[0044] An encapsulation structure formed on the perovskite solar cell module 20 and including at least one layer of inorganic barrier layer; or, an encapsulation structure formed on the perovskite solar cell module 20 and including a plurality of alternately stacked inorganic barrier layers and organic barrier layers, wherein the area of the inorganic barrier layer adjacent to the organic barrier layer is larger than the area of the current organic barrier layer (i.e., the area of the inorganic barrier layer is larger than the area of the organic barrier layer adjacent thereto); the innermost layer and the outermost layer of the encapsulation structure are both inorganic barrier layers;
[0045] The encapsulation structure covers the upper surface and the side surface of the perovskite solar cell module 20.
[0046] Further, along the thickness direction of the perovskite solar cell module 20, there is an overlapping area in the orthographic projection between the organic barrier layers.
[0047] Further, at least part of two adjacent inorganic barrier layers are in contact with each other, and the inorganic barrier layers are stacked together to form an inorganic layer stacking region.
[0048] Further, the total number of layers of the encapsulation structure is an odd number N, and 1 ≤ N ≤ 21. Preferably, the total number of layers of the encapsulation structure is 21 layers, as shown in Figure 1 shown.
[0049] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
[0050] Example 1
[0051] See Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a packaging structure for a perovskite solar cell module. See Figure 2 As shown, the packaging structure covers the upper surface and the side surface of the perovskite solar cell module 20, and the packaging structure is a three-layer structure: formed by stacking, from the inside to the outside, a first inorganic barrier layer 31, a first organic barrier layer 32, and a second inorganic barrier layer 40.
[0052] Among them, the areas of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 and the second inorganic barrier layer 40 adjacent to the first organic barrier layer 32 are both larger than the area of the middle first organic barrier layer 32. Preferably, the thickness of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 is 50 nm, the thickness of the second inorganic barrier layer 40 is 70 nm, and the thickness of the first organic barrier layer 32 is 20 μm.
[0053] Moreover, the first inorganic barrier layer 31 and the second inorganic barrier layer 40 are at least partially in contact with each other, and the in-contact part of the inorganic barrier layers is stacked together to form an inorganic layer stacking area 301.
[0054] Among them, the orthographic projection of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 on the substrate 10 (rectangle A) and the orthographic projection of the first organic barrier layer 32 located above and adjacent to the first inorganic barrier layer 31 on the substrate 10 (rectangle B) form a first "hui"-shaped structure, and the distance between the inner circle and the outer circle of the first "hui"-shaped structure is x;
[0055] The orthographic projection of the second inorganic barrier layer 40 on the substrate 10 (rectangle C) and the orthographic projection of the first organic barrier layer 32 located below and adjacent to the second inorganic barrier layer 40 on the substrate 10 (rectangle B) form a second "hui"-shaped structure, and the distance between the inner circle and the outer circle of the second "hui"-shaped structure is y;
[0056] Among them, both x and y are greater than 0.
[0057] Furthermore, the material of the first organic barrier layer 32 is a polymer or a resin material.
[0058] Furthermore, the materials of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 and the second inorganic barrier layer 40 are each selected from one or more of Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, MgO, HfO2, Ta2O5, Si3N4, AlN, SiNx, SiNO, SiO, SiO2, SiOx, SiC, or ITO.
[0059] Example 2
[0060] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that the encapsulation structure in this example is only the first inorganic barrier layer 31 disposed above the perovskite solar cell module 20, as shown in Figure 3 shown, and its thickness is 200 nm.
[0061] Example 3
[0062] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that the encapsulation structure in this example is a 5-layer structure: from the inside to the outside, it is formed by stacking the first inorganic barrier layer 31, the first organic barrier layer 32, the second inorganic barrier layer 40, the second organic barrier layer, and the third inorganic barrier layer.
[0063] Preferably, the thickness of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 is 40 nm, the thickness of the second inorganic barrier layer 40 is 70 nm, the thickness of the third inorganic barrier layer is 20 nm, the thickness of the first organic barrier layer 32 is 15 μm, and the thickness of the second organic barrier layer is 30 μm.
[0064] Specifically, along the thickness direction of the perovskite solar cell module 20, there is an overlapping area in the orthographic projection between the first organic barrier layer 32 and the second organic barrier layer.
[0065] Specifically, at least part of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 is in contact with at least part of the second inorganic barrier layer 40, at least part of the second inorganic barrier layer 40 is in contact with at least part of the third inorganic barrier layer, and the first inorganic barrier layer 31, the second inorganic barrier layer 40, and the third inorganic barrier layer are stacked together to form an inorganic layer stacking area 301.
[0066] Example 4
[0067] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that the encapsulation structure in this example is a 7-layer structure: from the inside to the outside, it is formed by stacking the first inorganic barrier layer 31, the first organic barrier layer 32, the second inorganic barrier layer 40, the second organic barrier layer, the third inorganic barrier layer, the third organic barrier layer, and the fourth inorganic barrier layer.
[0068] Preferably, the thickness of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 is 20 nm, the thickness of the second inorganic barrier layer 32 is 50 nm, the thickness of the third inorganic barrier layer is 30 nm, the thickness of the fourth inorganic barrier layer is 30 nm, the thickness of the first organic barrier layer 40 is 10 μm, the thickness of the second organic barrier layer is 30 μm, and the thickness of the third organic barrier layer is 40 μm.
[0069] Specifically, along the thickness direction of the perovskite solar cell module 20, there is an overlapping area in the orthographic projection among the first organic barrier layer 40, the second organic barrier layer, and the third organic barrier layer.
[0070] Specifically, at least a part of the first inorganic barrier layer 31 is in contact with the second inorganic barrier layer 40, at least a part of the second inorganic barrier layer 40 is in contact with the third inorganic barrier layer, and at least a part of the third inorganic barrier layer is in contact with the fourth inorganic barrier layer. The first inorganic barrier layer 31, the second inorganic barrier layer 40, the third inorganic barrier layer, and the fourth inorganic barrier layer are stacked together to form an inorganic layer stacking region 301.
[0071] Comparative Example 1
[0072] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that on the top of the perovskite solar cell module in this comparative example is a glass cover plate 60, and its side is sealed by a special sealant 50 for perovskite solar cells. See Figure 4 。
[0073] Among them, the sealant 50 uses a colorless and transparent epoxy resin AB glue, which is prepared according to the mass ratio of A:B = 2:1. A is the main agent of the epoxy resin, and B is the curing agent; the width of the sealant 50 is 1000 μm, and the thickness is 100 μm.
[0074] Comparative Example 2
[0075] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that on the top of the perovskite solar cell module in this comparative example is only an organic barrier layer with a thickness of 21 μm.
[0076] Comparative Example 3
[0077] Based on Example 1, the difference from Example 1 is that the encapsulation structure on the top of the perovskite solar cell module in this comparative example does not have an inorganic layer stacking region 301. See Figure 5 。
[0078] To verify the effectiveness of the technical solutions provided by the present invention, standard performance tests were carried out on the perovskite cell modules disclosed in Examples 1 to 4 and the perovskite cell modules provided in Comparative Examples 1 to 3. The specific test process is as follows:
[0079] (1) Draw a PCE-t curve (the curve of the normalized efficiency changing with time), which is measured using a solar simulator. The light intensity of the solar simulator is 100 mA / cm 2 , and the experimental conditions are illumination under atmospheric pressure, temperature 20 °C, and humidity 30%.
[0080] From Figure 6It can be seen that the perovskite solar cell module provided in Example 1 still has more than 88% of the initial energy conversion efficiency after being placed in air for 3600 h. However, the encapsulation structure of Comparative Example 1 drops to 64% of the initial energy conversion efficiency at about 3600 h, the encapsulation structure of Comparative Example 2 drops to 50% of the initial energy conversion efficiency at about 3600 h, and the encapsulation structure of Comparative Example 3 drops to 60% of the initial energy conversion efficiency at about 3600 h. This fully demonstrates that the encapsulation effect of Example 1 is superior to those of Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
[0081] See Figure 7 As shown, the perovskite solar cell modules prepared in Examples 1 to 4 all have more than 88% of the initial energy conversion efficiency after being placed in air for 3600 h.
[0082] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.
[0083] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-described content and can be variously modified and changed without departing from its scope. The scope of the present invention is only limited by the appended claims.
Claims
1. An encapsulation structure for a perovskite solar cell module, characterized in that, Comprising: A substrate (10) for supporting a perovskite solar cell module (20); A perovskite solar cell module (20) formed above the substrate (10); A packaging structure formed on the perovskite solar cell module (20) and including at least one inorganic barrier layer; or, a packaging structure formed on the perovskite solar cell module (20) and including a plurality of alternately stacked inorganic barrier layers and organic barrier layers, wherein the area of the inorganic barrier layer adjacent to the organic barrier layer is larger than the area of the current organic barrier layer; The packaging structure covers the upper surface and the side surfaces of the perovskite solar cell module (20); The perovskite solar cell module (20) includes an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, and an electrode, and the perovskite solar cell module (20) is a normal structure or an inverted structure.
2. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that The total number of layers of the packaging structure is an odd number N, and 1 ≤ N ≤ 21.
3. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that Both the innermost layer and the outermost layer of the packaging structure are inorganic barrier layers.
4. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the thickness direction of the perovskite solar cell module (20), there is an overlapping area in the orthographic projection between the organic barrier layers.
5. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein Two adjacent inorganic barrier layers are at least partially in contact with each other, and the inorganic barrier layers are stacked together to form an inorganic layer stacking region (301).
6. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein The thickness of the organic barrier layer is 10 nm to 100 μm, and the thickness of the inorganic barrier layer is 5 nm to 10 μm.
7. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that The material of the organic barrier layer is a polymer or a resin material.
8. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein, The material of the inorganic barrier layer is selected from one or more of Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, ZrO2, MgO, HfO2, Ta2O5, Si3N4, AlN, SiNx, SiNO, SiO, SiO2, SiOx, SiC, or ITO.
9. The encapsulation structure of the perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the inorganic barrier layer on the substrate (10) and the orthographic projection of the organic barrier layer located above and adjacent to the inorganic barrier layer on the substrate (10) form a first "return" - shaped structure, and the distance between the inner circle and the outer circle of the first "return" - shaped structure is x; The orthographic projection of the inorganic barrier layer on the substrate (10) and the orthographic projection of the organic barrier layer located below and adjacent to the inorganic barrier layer on the substrate (10) form a second "return" - shaped structure, and the distance between the inner circle and the outer circle of the second "return" - shaped structure is y; Wherein, both x and y are greater than 0.
10. Use of the packaging structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in a perovskite solar cell.