Automotive interior display including architectural material

Abstract

The present invention relates to a display module including a mechanical system and method for improving energy absorption to achieve HIT compliance and prevent breakage during an impact. In some embodiments, the display module may include an architectured material that includes a designed geometry. The architectural material may be disposed below a glass substrate of the display module or an attachment of the display module. The architectural material may include one or more energy absorbing cells, each energy absorbing cell including a variable compression stiffness defined by a slope of a force of a top surface of the energy absorbing cell to a normalized displacement relationship curve.

Description

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 430,212, filed on December 5, 2022, under the Patent Law. The content of the said U.S. Provisional Application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and made a part hereof. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to display components for various industries such as consumer electronic devices, appliances, transportation, architectural design, defense, and medicine. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to displays having mechanical systems and methods for improving the dynamic response to impact. Background Art

[0004] Many products include internal displays. Some examples of internal displays are automotive interior displays. In automotive interior applications, these internal displays must meet the performance requirements of the Head Impact Test (HIT). Using glass to cover these automotive interior displays poses challenges in meeting the HIT regulations while remaining intact during impact.

[0005] Accordingly, there is a continuing need for efficient and effective methods to form internal displays, particularly for automotive use, that meet regulatory requirements and do not break during impact. Summary of the Invention

[0006] A first aspect (1) of the present application relates to a vehicle interior system including a vehicle interior base and a display module disposed above the vehicle interior base. The display module includes: a glass substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; an electronic display attached to the first surface of the glass substrate; and a structured material including energy - absorbing unit cells. The energy - absorbing unit cells include a variable compression stiffness defined by the slope of a force - versus - normalized - displacement curve of a top surface of a top edge of the energy - absorbing unit cell. The variable compression stiffness includes a first positive - slope region across a first normalized - displacement range, a negative - slope region across a second normalized - displacement range, and a second positive - slope region across a third normalized - displacement range.

[0007] In a second aspect (2), the first surface of the glass substrate according to the first aspect (1) includes a curved surface.

[0008] In a third aspect (3), the structured material according to the first aspect (1) or the second aspect (2) is disposed between the first surface of the glass substrate and the vehicle interior base.

[0009] In a fourth aspect (4), the structured material according to any one of aspects (1) to (3) is attached to the first surface of the glass substrate.

[0010] In a fifth aspect (5), the vehicle interior system according to any one of aspects (1) to (4) further includes an attachment that couples the display module to the vehicle interior base, wherein the structured material is disposed between the attachment and the vehicle interior base.

[0011] In a sixth aspect (6), the structured material according to any one of aspects (1) to (5) is attached to the vehicle interior base.

[0012] In a seventh aspect (7), the structured material according to any one of aspects (1) to (6) includes a plurality of the energy - absorbing unit cells arranged in a plurality of rows.

[0013] In an eighth aspect (8), the display according to any one of aspects (1) to (7) is visible through an opening formed in the structured material.

[0014] In a ninth aspect (9), the thickness of the structured material according to any one of aspects (1) to (8) is greater than the thickness of the glass substrate.

[0015] In a tenth aspect (10), the energy - absorbing unit cell according to any one of aspects (1) to (9) includes: a first sidewall including a first curved portion and a first flat portion; and a second sidewall including a second curved portion and a second flat portion, wherein the thickness of the first curved portion and the second curved portion is given by t, the height of the first curved portion and the second curved portion is given by h, the length of the first curved portion and the second curved portion is given by l / 2, the dimensionless parameter P is given by l / t, and the dimensionless parameter Q is given by h / t.

[0016] In an eleventh aspect (11), each of the first curved portion and the second curved portion according to the tenth aspect (10) includes an S - shape defined by a first curved section and a second curved section connected at an inflection point.

[0017] In a twelfth aspect (12), the value of Q according to the tenth aspect (10) or the eleventh aspect (11) is greater than or equal to 2.

[0018] In a thirteenth aspect (13), the value of P according to any one of aspects (10) to (12) is between 13 and 16.

[0019] In a fourteenth aspect (14), the energy-absorbing unit cell according to any one of aspects (10) to (13) includes: a top wall extending from the first bent portion to the second bent portion; and a bottom wall extending from the first flat portion to the second flat portion.

[0020] In a fifteenth aspect (15), the width of the top wall according to the fourteenth aspect (14) is given by W, the widths of the first and second sides of the bottom wall are given by w, the height of the bottom side of the bottom wall is given by T, the value of w is greater than the value of t, and the value of w is less than the value of T.

[0021] In a sixteenth aspect (16), the force-displacement relationship curve according to any one of aspects (1) to (15) does not include force values below zero.

[0022] In a seventeenth aspect (17), the force-displacement relationship curve according to any one of aspects (1) to (16) includes force values below zero.

[0023] In an eighteenth aspect (18), the variable compression stiffness according to any one of aspects (1) to (17) transitions from the first positive slope region to the negative slope region at a first critical force value.

[0024] In a nineteenth aspect (19), the variable compression stiffness according to any one of aspects (1) to (18) transitions from the negative slope region to the second positive slope region at a second critical force value.

[0025] In a twentieth aspect (20), the vehicle interior base according to any one of aspects (1) to (19) includes at least one of the following: a component of a vehicle instrument panel, a component of a vehicle center console, a component of a vehicle instrument panel, a component of a vehicle steering wheel, a component of a vehicle seat back, a component of a front part of a vehicle seat, or a component of a vehicle door panel.

[0026] A twenty-first aspect (21) of the present application relates to a vehicle interior system, the vehicle interior system including: a vehicle interior base; a glass substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and a structured material disposed between the vehicle interior base and the glass substrate and including energy-absorbing unit cells, wherein the energy-absorbing unit cells include a variable compression stiffness defined by the slope of a force-displacement relationship curve of a top surface of a top edge of the energy-absorbing unit cells, the variable compression stiffness including: a first positive slope region across a first normalized displacement range, a negative slope region across a second normalized displacement range, and a second positive slope region across a third normalized displacement range. Description of the Drawings

[0027] The accompanying drawings incorporated herein form a part of the specification and illustrate aspects of the present disclosure. The drawings, together with the specification, further serve to explain the principles of the disclosed aspects and enable a person skilled in the relevant art to make and use the disclosed aspects. These drawings are intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Although the present disclosure is generally described in the context of these aspects, it is understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to these particular aspects. In the drawings, like reference numerals represent the same or functionally similar elements.

[0028] Figure 1 Perspective illustration of the interior of a vehicle with an in-vehicle display module according to aspects.

[0029] Figure 2 Exploded view of a display module according to aspects.

[0030] Figure 3 Side view of a display module according to aspects.

[0031] Figure 4 Illustration of architected material according to aspects.

[0032] Figure 5 Illustration Figure 4 of a unit cell of the architected material.

[0033] Figure 6 Illustration of the Figure 5 relationship between force and normalized displacement of the top surface displacement of the top edge of the unit cell according to aspects.

[0034] Figure 7A Illustration of an example HIT model of a display module.

[0035] Figure 7B Illustration of an example HIT model with architected material.

[0036] Figure 8A is Figure 7A and 7B graph of head form deceleration versus time of the HIT model of.

[0037] Figure 8B is Figure 7A and 7B graph of glass stress versus time of the HIT model of.

[0038] Figure 9A is Figure 7A and 7B graph of head form deceleration versus time of the HIT model of.

[0039] Figure 9B is Figure 7A and 7BGraph of the relationship between glass stress and time for the HIT model.

[0040] Figure 10A Show an example HIT model of a display module.

[0041] Figure 10B Show an example HIT model with structured materials.

[0042] Figure 11A is Figure 10A and 10B Graph of the relationship between head deceleration and time for the HIT model.

[0043] Figure 11B Show is Figure 10A and 10B Graph of the relationship between glass stress and time for the HIT model.

[0044] Figure 12A is Figure 10A and 10B Graph of the relationship between head deceleration and time for the HIT model.

[0045] Figure 12B is Figure 10A and 10B Graph of the relationship between glass stress and time for the HIT model. Detailed implementation

[0046] The following examples are illustrative and not restrictive of the present disclosure. Other suitable modifications and adaptations of the various conditions and parameters commonly encountered in the art and obvious to those skilled in the art are within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0047] The internal display module described herein can be used in various applications. The display module components can include a glass substrate (such as cover glass), an electronic display, and energy-absorbing material. Especially in automotive applications, the energy-absorbing material can help the display module improve its dynamic response during impact to allow the display module to remain intact and meet regulatory requirements.

[0048] For example, HIT regulations require that glass break under specific impact loads. Correlatively, according to some HIT regulations, the deceleration of the test head form should not exceed 80 g (acceleration due to gravity) continuously for more than 3 milliseconds. Increasing the ability of the glass substrate to dissipate compressive stress can allow the glass substrate to withstand impacts and prevent breakage. However, breakage may be required under specific impact loads to prevent injury. The display module can employ high-strength glass that is designed to be thinner to meet HIT regulations and allow breakage under a threshold impact load. However, a design with high-strength thin glass may also be prone to breakage during impacts below the threshold impact load, which may be undesirable for OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) parts. The display module described herein can prevent breakage at impact loads below the threshold, meet HIT regulations, and have a cost-effective design.

[0049] According to non-limiting aspects, architected materials can be used for energy absorption and to improve the dynamic response of the display module during impact. To achieve this improvement, meet HIT regulations, and prevent the glass substrate of the display module from being prone to breakage, the architected materials can include designed geometries. In various aspects, the architected materials can improve the energy absorption of the display module by utilizing elastic buckling to initiate elastic instability under compression. As described herein, once the critical force value is reached, the architected materials can buckle such that they move between configurations, causing the architected materials to have a negative stiffness under compressive loads. Compared to plastic or foam boards without designed geometries, the architected materials have several advantages, such as the ability to return to their initial position and configuration after impact, and the ability to repeatedly absorb mechanical energy to accommodate additional impacts. The architected materials can improve the HIT behavior of the display module by reducing the deceleration of the test head form and the maximum stress on the glass. Improving the dynamic performance of the display module due to the addition of architected materials can be beneficial for meeting HIT regulations and preventing the glass substrate from breaking during impact.

[0050] In various aspects, the architected materials can include one or more bistable unit cells. In such aspects, the bistable unit cells can improve the energy absorption of the architected materials and the display module. In other aspects, the architected materials can include one or more monostable unit cells. As used herein, "bistable" and "monostable" can describe the response of the unit cell after an external compressive load is released. A bistable unit cell has a force value below zero in a force versus normalized displacement graph and can remain in a deformed state after the external compressive load is released. A monostable unit cell does not have a force value below zero in a force versus normalized displacement graph and can return to its initial undeformed state after the external load is released.

[0051] In various aspects, the architected material can include PC ABS, which is a blend of polycarbonate and ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) materials. In various aspects, the architected material can include a thermoplastic polymer. In various aspects, the architected material can include a plastic foam. Exemplary plastic foams include, but are not limited to, polyurethane foam or polyethylene foam.

[0052] As used herein, the terms “cold-formed” or “cold-forming” (which may also be referred to as “cold-bent” or “cold-bending”) refer to bending a glass substrate at a cold-forming temperature below the glass softening point. For example, in various aspects, cold-forming the glass substrate can be performed at a temperature of about 100 degrees Celsius or lower. In various aspects, cold-forming the glass substrate can be performed at a temperature of about 30 degrees Celsius or lower. In various aspects, cold-forming the glass substrate can be performed at a temperature within the range of about 20 degrees Celsius to about 100 degrees Celsius (including sub-ranges). For example, cold-forming the glass substrate can be performed at a temperature within the range of about 20 degrees Celsius to about 100 degrees Celsius, about 20 degrees Celsius to about 60 degrees Celsius, or about 20 degrees Celsius to about 30 degrees Celsius, or at a temperature within a range having any two of these values as endpoints.

[0053] As used herein, “disposed on” means that a first layer or component is in direct contact with a second layer or component. In other words, if a first layer or component is disposed on a second layer or component, no layer or component is disposed between the first layer or component and the second layer or component. A first layer or component is described as “attached to” a second layer or component means that these layers or components are attached to each other through an adhesive layer. A first layer or component is described as “directly attached to” a second layer or component means that these layers or components are directly attached to each other through an adhesive layer without an intermediate layer. If a first layer or component is described as “disposed above” a second layer or component, there may or may not be other layers between the first layer or component and the second layer or component. A first layer or component being described as “disposed on” a second layer or component “or” disposed above “a second layer or component does not imply that the first layer or component and the second layer or component are assembled in any particular order. Unless otherwise specified, the first layer or component and the second layer or component can be assembled in any order.

[0054] In various aspects, the glass substrate can be cold formed. In various aspects, the display module can include a frame and an attachment (such as a bracket). The attachment can be used to attach the display module to the interior of the vehicle, such as to an interior vehicle base, which can be a component of a vehicle dashboard, a vehicle center console, a vehicle instrument panel, a vehicle steering wheel, a vehicle seat back, a vehicle seat front, a vehicle door panel, or any other interior vehicle part. In various aspects, the glass substrate can be disposed on an adhesive layer that attaches the glass substrate to the frame and / or a structured material. In various aspects, the glass substrate and the structured material can be directly attached to each other through the adhesive layer. In various aspects, the display module can include a plurality of structured materials, and the glass substrate can be disposed above the plurality of structured materials. In various aspects, the attachment can be disposed on the structured material. In such aspects, the structured material can be disposed between the display module and the interior of the vehicle.

[0055] Figure 1 Illustrates an interior of a vehicle 10 including one or more in-vehicle display modules 100 according to various aspects. The interior of the vehicle can include one or more interior vehicle bases 20. The interior vehicle bases 20 can be supported on components such as a component of a vehicle dashboard 22, a component of a vehicle center console 24, a component of a vehicle instrument panel 26, a component of a vehicle steering wheel 28, a component of a vehicle seat back, a component of a vehicle seat front, and / or a component of a vehicle door panel. One or more interior vehicle bases 20 can support one or more display modules 100. The display module 100 can be disposed above the interior vehicle base 20. In this way, the display module 100 can be adapted for use in the interior of the vehicle 10. Accordingly, the display module 100 can be required to meet the HIT regulations designed for automobiles that can test for impacts from head collisions.

[0056] Figure 2 Illustrates an exploded view of a display module 100 according to various aspects. Figure 3 Illustrates a side view of a display module 100 in an assembled form according to various aspects along a transverse axis 2. As Figures 2 to 3As shown, in various aspects, the display module 100 may include a glass substrate 200 and a structured material 400. In various aspects, the display module 100 may include a glass substrate 200, a structured material 400, and an electronic display 500. In various aspects, the display module 100 may include a glass substrate 200, an adhesive layer 300, a structured material 400, and an electronic display 500. As used herein, the term "electronic display" includes a touch panel, a display with or without touch functionality, or an icon or surface with touch functionality. The display may include a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display, a micro light emitting diode display (microLED), an active matrix OLED (AMOLED), a quantum dot light emitting diode (QLED) display, etc. In various aspects, the display module 100 may include a glass substrate 200, an adhesive layer 300, and a structured material 400. In various aspects, the adhesive layer 300 may attach the glass substrate 200 to the structured material 400. In various aspects, the adhesive layer 300 may attach the glass substrate 200 to the electronic display 500. In various aspects, the adhesive layer 300 may attach the glass substrate 200 to the structured material 400 and the electronic display 500.

[0057] In various aspects, the display module 100 may include a frame 600. In various aspects, the frame 600 may be attached to the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the frame 600 may be attached to the electronic display 500. In various aspects, the frame 600 may be attached to the glass substrate 200 and the electronic display 500. The frame 600 may support the display module 100 and its components. In various aspects, the glass substrate 200 may be disposed above the frame 600.

[0058] In various aspects, the display module 100 may include a back cover 700. The back cover 700 may support the display module 100 and its components. In various aspects, the frame 600 may be disposed above the back cover 700.

[0059] In various aspects, the display module 100 may include an attachment 800. The attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 and its components to the vehicle interior base 20 of the vehicle interior 10. In various aspects, the attachment 800 may include a bracket. In various aspects, the attachment 800 may be directly attached to the back cover 700.

[0060] In various aspects, the display module 100 may include a plurality of electronic displays 500. One or more of the electronic displays 500 of the display module 100 may be, for example, a liquid crystal display, a light emitting diode display, or an organic light emitting diode display.

[0061] The aspects described herein may refer to these components and / or one component of each component. However, it should be understood that the display module 100 may include additional components and / orFigures 2 to 3 one or more of each of the components shown in

[0062] While Figure 1 an automotive interior is shown, aspects of the display module 100 can be incorporated into any type of vehicle, such as trains, automobiles (e.g., cars, trucks, buses, etc.), seacraft (e.g., boats, ships, submarines, etc.), and aircraft (e.g., drones, airplanes, jets, helicopters, etc.), including human-driven vehicles, semi-autonomous vehicles, and fully autonomous vehicles.

[0063] In various aspects, the glass substrate 200 can be cold formed. The glass substrate 200 can include a suitable glass composition, such as soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing borosilicate glass. As used herein, the term "glass substrate" is used in its broadest sense to include any object made entirely or in part of glass. The glass substrate can include laminates of glass and non-glass materials, laminates of glass and crystalline materials, and glass ceramics (including amorphous and crystalline phases). The glass substrate can be transparent or opaque. In various aspects, the cold-formed glass substrate can include colorants that provide a specific color.

[0064] The glass substrate 200 can include a first surface 210 and a second surface 220. The second surface 220 can be opposite the first surface 210 of the glass substrate 200. The first surface 210 can be the top surface of the glass substrate 200, and the second surface 220 can be the bottom surface of the glass substrate 200. As used herein, the terms "top surface" and "bottom surface" refer to the top surface and bottom surface to which a layer, component, or article will be oriented during its normal and intended use, where the top surface is the surface facing the user. In various aspects, the top surface of the display module 100 can include the first surface 210 of the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the glass substrate 200 can include a curved surface. In various aspects, the first surface 210 of the glass substrate 200 can include a curved surface. In various aspects, the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200 can include a curved surface. In other aspects, the first surface 210 and / or the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200 can include a flat surface. In various aspects, the first surface 210 and / or the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200 can include a V-shaped surface.

[0065] The adhesive layer 300 may include a first surface 310 and a second surface 320. In various aspects, the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200 may be disposed on the first surface 310 of the adhesive layer 300. The adhesive layer 300 may include an adhesive material, such as a structural adhesive or an optically clear adhesive. In various aspects, the adhesive material may contain rigid, semi-rigid, or flexible spacers of materials different from those of the structural adhesive or other adhesive media. In various aspects, the adhesive material may include very high bond (VHB TM ) tapes available from 3M TM .

[0066] The structured material 400 may include a first surface 410 and a second surface 420. In various aspects, the structured material 400 may serve as a support for the display module 100 by absorbing energy from impacts on the display module 100. In various aspects, the structured material 400 may be disposed within the display module 100 below the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the structured material 400 may be disposed within the display module 100 below the electronic display 500. In various aspects, the structured material 400 may be disposed below the attachment member 800. In such aspects, the structured material 400 may be disposed between the attachment member 800 and the vehicle base 20.

[0067] In various aspects, the display module 100 may include a plurality of structured materials 400. For example, the display module 100 may include a first structured material 400 disposed between the glass substrate 200 and the electronic display 500, and a second structured material 400 disposed between the electronic display 500 and the frame 600. As another example, the display module 100 may include a first structured material 400 disposed between the glass substrate 200 and the frame 600, and a second structured material 400 attached to the attachment member 800.

[0068] In various aspects, the structured material 400 may be disposed below the glass substrate 200. In such aspects, the glass substrate 200 may be disposed above the structured material 400. In various aspects, the structured material 400 may be attached to the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the structured material 400 may be attached to the first surface 210 of the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the structured material 400 may be directly attached to the first surface 210 of the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the structured material 400 may be attached to the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the first surface 410 of the structured material 400 may be attached to the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the structured material 400 may be directly attached to the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200.

[0069] In various aspects, the second surface 320 of the adhesive layer 300 may be disposed on the structured material 400. In such aspects, the glass substrate 200 and the structured material 400 may be directly attached via the adhesive layer 300.

[0070] In various aspects, the second surface 320 of the adhesive layer 300 may be disposed above the electronic display 500. In various aspects, the electronic display 500 may be disposed above the frame 600. In various aspects, the frame 600 may be disposed above the rear cover 700. In various aspects, the electronic display 500 may be attached to the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the electronic display 500 may be directly attached to the first surface 210 of the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the electronic display 500 may be directly attached to the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the frame 600 may be attached to the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the frame 600 may be directly attached to the first surface 210 of the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the frame 600 may be directly attached to the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the rear cover 700 may be attached to the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the rear cover 700 may be directly attached to the first surface 210 of the glass substrate 200. In various aspects, the rear cover 700 may be directly attached to the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200.

[0071] In various aspects, the electronic display 500 may be disposed above the structured material 400. In various aspects, the structured material 400 may be attached (e.g., via the first surface 410 of the structured material 400) to the electronic display 500. In such aspects, the structured material 400 may be disposed below the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200. Accordingly, in various aspects, the structured material 400 may be disposed between the glass substrate 200 and the electronic display 500. In various aspects, the structured material 400 may be disposed below the electronic display 500. In such aspects, the structured material 400 may be disposed between the glass substrate 200 and the vehicle interior base 20. In such aspects, the structured material 400 may be disposed between the second surface 220 of the glass substrate 200 and the vehicle interior base 20.

[0072] The attachment 800 may include a first surface 810 and a second surface 820. The attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to the interior 10 of a vehicle. For example, in various aspects, the attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to the vehicle base 20 above a component disposed on the vehicle instrument panel 22. In various aspects, the attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to the vehicle base 20 above a component disposed on the vehicle center console 24. In various aspects, the attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to the vehicle base 20 above a component disposed on the vehicle instrument panel 26. In various aspects, the attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to the vehicle base 20 above a component disposed on the vehicle steering wheel 28. In various aspects, the attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to the vehicle base 20 above a component disposed on the vehicle seat back. In various aspects, the attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to the vehicle base 20 above a component disposed on the front of the vehicle seat. In various aspects, the attachment 800 may attach the display module 100 to the vehicle base 20 above a component disposed on the vehicle door panel.

[0073] In various aspects, the back cover 700 may be disposed above the attachment 800. In various aspects, the electronic display 500 may be disposed above the back cover 700. In various aspects, the architected material 400 may be disposed above the electronic display 500. In various aspects, the architected material 400 may be disposed between the back cover 700 and the electronic display 500.

[0074] In various aspects, the attachment 800 may be disposed above the architected material 400. Accordingly, in various aspects, the architected material 400 may be disposed between the attachment 800 and the vehicle base 20.

[0075] Figure 4 Exhibit a plurality of energy-absorbing unit cells for the architected material 400 according to various aspects. As Figure 4 shown, the architected material 400 may include one or more rows 430, each row including a plurality of energy-absorbing unit cells 450. For example, the architected material 400 may include three rows 430, each row 430 having a plurality of energy-absorbing unit cells 450. In other words, the architected material 400 may include a plurality of energy-absorbing unit cells 450 that may be arranged in a plurality of rows 430. The architected material 400 may be a three-dimensional lattice structure including a plurality of energy-absorbing unit cells 450. The geometric structure of the architected material 400 may be designed for energy absorption to support the display module 100 during an impact. Thus, the unit cell 450 may be referred to as an energy-absorbing unit cell.

[0076] In various aspects, the architected material 400 disposed below the glass substrate 200 may be disposed between the glass substrate 200 and the electronic display 500. Refer to Figure 2, in various aspects, the structured material 400 may include a peripheral frame 401 and one or more openings 440 formed within the peripheral frame 401. In such aspects, the electronic display 500 may be visible from the top surface of the display module 100 through the opening 440 in the structured material 400 disposed between the glass substrate 200 and the electronic display 500.

[0077] In various aspects, the structured material 400 may include a thickness 402 that is greater than the thickness 202 of the glass substrate 200. The glass substrate 200 may have any suitable thickness 202. For example, the glass substrate 200 may have a thickness 202 of about 1.5 mm (millimeters) or less. For example, the thickness 202 may be in the range of about 0.01 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.02 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.03 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.04 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.05 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.06 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.07 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.08 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.09 mm to about 1.5 mm, 0.1 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.15 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.2 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.25 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.3 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.35 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.4 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.45 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.55 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.6 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.65 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.7 mm to about 1.5 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.4 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.3 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.2 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.1 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1.05 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 1 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.95 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.9 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.85 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.8 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.75 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.7 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.65 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.6 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.55 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.5 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.4 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.3 mm, about 0.01 mm to about 0.2 mm, or about 0.01 mm to about 0.1 mm.

[0078] The structured material 400 can have any suitable thickness 402. For example, the structured material 400 can have a thickness 402 that can be from about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 39.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 39 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 38.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 38 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 37.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 37 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 36.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 36 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 35.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 34.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 34 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 33.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 33 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 32.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 32 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 31.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 31 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 30.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 29.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 29 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 28.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 28 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 27.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 27 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 26.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 26 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 25.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 24.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 24 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 23.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 23 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 22.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 22 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 21.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 21 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 20.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 19.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 19 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 18.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 18 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 17.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 17 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 16.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 16 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 15.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 15 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 14.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 14 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 13.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 13 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 12.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 12 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 11.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 11 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 10.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 9.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 8.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 7.5 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 7 mm, from about 0.5 mm to about 6.5 mm, from about 0.in the range of 5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2.5 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm.

[0079] Figure 5 Show the energy-absorbing unit cell 450 of the architected material 400 according to various aspects. The energy-absorbing unit cell 450 may include a top edge 452, a top wall 454, a first side wall 456, a second side wall 462, and a bottom wall 468. The top edge 452 may include the top wall 454, the first side wall 456, and the second side wall 462. The first side wall 456 may include a first curved portion 458 and a first flat portion 460. The second side wall 462 may include a second curved portion 464 and a second flat portion 466. The bottom wall 468 may include a first side 467, a second side 469, and a bottom side 465. The top wall 454 may extend from the first curved portion 458 to the second curved portion 464. The bottom wall 468 may extend from the first flat portion 460 to the second flat portion 466. In various aspects, the first curved portion 458 and the second curved portion 464 may each include an S-shape defined by a first curved section 461 and a second curved section 463 connected at an inflection point 459.

[0080] In various aspects, the architected material 400 and its components can be made of PC ABS or polymer foam. In various aspects, the architected material 400 and its components can include materials, designs, and properties described in the following literature: Che, K., Yuan, C., Qi, H. J., and Meaud, J. (2018), Viscoelastic multistable architected materials with temperature-dependent snapping sequence, Soft Matter, 14(13), pp. 2492–2499; Che, K., Yuan, C., Wu, J., Jerry Qi, H., and Meaud, J. (2016), Three-Dimensional-Printed Multistable Mechanical Metamaterials With a Deterministic Deformation Sequence, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 84(1); Patel, P. S., Shepherd, D. E., and Hukins, D. W. (2008), Compressive properties of commercially available polyurethane foams as mechanical models for osteoporotic human cancellous bone, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 9(1); Restrepo, D., Mankame, N. D., and Zavattieri, P. D. (2015), Phase transforming cellular materials, Extreme Mechanics Letters, 4, pp. 52–60; or Shan, S., Kang, S. H., Raney, J. R., Wang, P., Fang, L., Candido, F., Lewis, J. A., and Bertoldi, K.(2015), Multistable Architected Materials for Trapping Elastic Strain Energy, Advanced Materials, 27(29), pp. 4296 - 4301, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0081] In various aspects, the thicknesses of the first bending portion 458 and the second bending portion 464 are given by t. In various aspects, t can range from about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, inclusive of sub - ranges. For example, in various aspects, t can range from about 0.5 mm to about 9.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 7.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 7 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2.5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 1.5 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm.

[0082] In various aspects, the height of the first bending portion 458 and the second bending portion 464 is given by h. In various aspects, h can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, including sub - ranges. For example, in various aspects, h can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 39 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 38 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 37 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 36 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 34 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 33 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 32 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 31 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 29 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 28 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 27 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 26 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 24 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 23 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 22 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 21 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 19 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 18 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 17 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 16 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 15 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 14 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 13 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 12 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 11 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 7 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm.

[0083] In various aspects, the lengths of the first bending portion 458 and the second bending portion 464 are given by l / 2. In various aspects, l / 2 can range from about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, including sub-ranges. For example, in various aspects, l / 2 can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 39 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 38 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 37 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 36 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 34 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 33 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 32 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 31 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 29 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 28 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 27 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 26 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 24 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 23 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 22 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 21 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 19 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 18 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 17 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 16 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 15 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 14 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 13 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 12 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 11 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 7 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm.

[0084] In various aspects, the widths of the first side 467 and the second side 469 of the bottom wall 468 are given by w. In various aspects, the width of the top wall 454 is given by W. In various aspects, W can be equal to 2w. In various aspects, w can range from about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, including sub - ranges. For example, in various aspects, w can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 39 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 38 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 37 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 36 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 34 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 33 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 32 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 31 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 29 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 28 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 27 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 26 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 24 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 23 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 22 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 21 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 19 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 18 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 17 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 16 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 15 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 14 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 13 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 12 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 11 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 7 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm.

[0085] In various aspects, the height of the bottom side 465 of the bottom wall 468 is given by T. In various aspects, T can range from about 0.5 mm to about 50 mm, including sub - ranges. For example, in various aspects, T can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 45 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 15 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm.

[0086] In various aspects, the heights of the top wall 454, the first side 467 of the bottom wall 468, and the second side 469 of the bottom wall 468 are given by H. In various aspects, H can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 40 mm, including sub-ranges. For example, in various aspects, H can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 39 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 38 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 37 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 36 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 35 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 34 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 33 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 32 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 31 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 30 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 29 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 28 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 27 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 26 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 24 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 23 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 22 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 21 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 20 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 19 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 18 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 17 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 16 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 15 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 14 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 13 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 12 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 11 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 9 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 7 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 5 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm, or about 0.5 mm to about 1 mm.

[0087] In various aspects, the value of w can be greater than the value of t. In various aspects, the value of w can be equal to the value of t. In various aspects, the value of w can be less than the value of t. In various aspects, the value of w can be greater than the value of T. In various aspects, the value of w can be equal to the value of T. In various aspects, the value of w can be less than the value of T.

[0088] In various aspects, l / h can be equal to about 30. In various aspects, h / t can be equal to about 10. In various aspects, w can be equal to about 15t. In various aspects, H can be equal to about 15t. In various aspects, T can be equal to about 30t.

[0089] Figure 6 Show the force - normalized displacement relationship curve of the energy - absorbing unit cell 450 according to various aspects. The force - normalized displacement relationship curve shows the mechanical behavior of the energy - absorbing unit cell 450 under compressive loading, and thus shows the mechanical behavior of the architected material 400 including the energy - absorbing unit cell 450 under compressive loading. As Figure 6The force-displacement relationship curve shown in [Figure] shows the displacement of the top surface 451 of the top edge 452 of the energy-absorbing unit cell 450 in various aspects. As discussed herein, the force-normalized displacement relationship curve is a curve derived from the FEA (finite element analysis) simulation applied to model the energy-absorbing unit cell 450.

[0090] The energy-absorbing unit cell 450 may include a variable compression stiffness defined by the slope of the force-normalized displacement relationship curve of the top surface 451 of the top edge 452 of the energy-absorbing unit cell 450. The variable compression stiffness of the energy-absorbing unit cell 450 may include a first positive slope region across a first normalized displacement range, a negative slope region across a second normalized displacement range, and a second positive slope region across a third normalized displacement range. Similar to Figure 6 The force-normalized displacement relationship curve similar to the curve shown in [Figure] may show the behavior of the energy-absorbing unit cell 450 under a compressive load. The negative slope region is a non-zero slope between the positive slope regions. The stiffness difference may produce a spring-like effect for the energy-absorbing unit cell 450, which may reduce the head form deceleration and the principal stress experienced by the glass substrate 200 of the display module 100 during an impact. In various aspects, since the force value moves below zero, the energy-absorbing unit cell 450 may be bistable. In various aspects, the bistable energy-absorbing unit cell 450 may then change its configuration between a deformed state and an initial state. In other aspects, the force may remain above zero, such that the energy-absorbing unit cell 450 may be monostable.

[0091] In various aspects, the bistable energy-absorbing unit cell 450 may absorb more energy than the monostable energy-absorbing unit cell 450. In various aspects, the architected material 400 having a larger number of rows 430 may absorb more energy than the architected material 400 having a smaller number of rows 430.

[0092] In various aspects, the variable compression stiffness may transition from the first positive slope region to the negative slope region at a first critical force value. In various aspects, the first critical force value may be between 4 Newtons and 10 Newtons. In various aspects, the variable compression stiffness may transition from the negative slope region to the second positive slope region at a second critical force value. In various aspects, the first critical force value may be between -1 Newton and 4 Newtons. The critical force value may be a function of the size of the architected material 400 (e.g., the number of rows 430 and / or the number of energy-absorbing unit cells 450). For example, in various aspects, the first critical force value may be equal to or greater than several hundred Newtons, such as greater than or equal to 100 Newtons, greater than or equal to 200 Newtons, greater than or equal to 300 Newtons, greater than or equal to 400 Newtons, or greater than or equal to 500 Newtons.

[0093] In various aspects, the dimensionless parameter P of the energy - absorbing unit cell 450 is given by l / t. In various aspects, the dimensionless parameter Q is given by h / t. The value of P can influence the peak force (e.g., the critical force) of the force - versus - normalized - displacement curve and the stiffness of the energy - absorbing unit cell 450. The value of Q can be manipulated to achieve the negative - slope region of the force - versus - displacement curve, and it can be determined whether the energy - absorbing unit cell 450 is monostable or bistable. In various aspects, the value of Q can be greater than or equal to 2. In various aspects, the value of Q can be greater than or equal to 2.5. In various aspects, Q can be equal to or less than 15. In various aspects, Q can be equal to or less than 10. Generally, as the value of P increases, the stiffness of the energy - absorbing unit cell 450 can increase. In various aspects, the value of P can be between approximately 13 and approximately 16.

[0094] In various aspects, the force - versus - normalized - displacement curve does not include force values below zero. In such aspects, the energy - absorbing unit cell 450 can be considered a monostable unit cell. In various aspects, the force - versus - normalized - displacement curve includes force values below zero. In such aspects, the energy - absorbing unit cell 450 can be considered a bistable unit cell.

[0095] Examples

[0096] The various aspects will be further elucidated by the following examples. It should be understood that these examples do not limit the various aspects described above. To demonstrate the dynamic response of a display module including the architected materials described herein, the architected materials are molded to be placed under a glass substrate or under an attachment of the modeled display module. FEA (finite - element analysis) simulations are used to model the HIT performance of the modeled display module and to compare the architected materials with non - architected materials.

[0097] Figure 7A Shown is a modeled display module 1000 for FEA simulation, which has a glass substrate 2, an adhesive layer 3, a back cover 4, a frame 5, and an attachment 7. A modeled compression force is applied to the modeled display module 1000 using a head form 1. The frame 5 is modeled as being made of solid PC ABS with the mechanical properties shown in Table 1 and as being made of foam with the mechanical properties shown in Table 1.

[0098] Figure 7B Shown is a modeled display module 1050 for FEA simulation, which has a glass substrate 2, an adhesive layer 3, a back cover 4, an architected material 8, and an attachment 7. The modeled display module 1050 is the same as the modeled display module 1000, except that the frame 5 is replaced by the architected material 8. The modeled architected material is modeled as a material including multiple rows of energy - absorbing unit cells 450 made of PC ABS with the mechanical properties shown in Table 1 and as being modeled as foam with the mechanical properties shown in Table 1. A modeled compression force is applied to the modeled display module 1050 using a head form 1.

[0099] Figures 8A to 8B Show the comparison of the modeling HIT performance between the modeling display module 1000 with a PC-ABS frame 5 and the modeling display module 1050 with a structured material 8 made of PC-ABS. Figure 8A Show the relationship between head form deceleration and time. The results show that, compared with the modeling display module 1000 with PC-ABS, for the modeling display module 1050 with PC-ABS, the maximum head form 3-ms (millisecond) deceleration is reduced by 24.3%. Additionally, compared with the modeling display module 1000 with PC-ABS, for the modeling display module 1050 with PC-ABS, the maximum head form deceleration is reduced by 27.7%. Figure 8B Show the relationship between the maximum principal stress of the glass substrate 2 and time for the modeling display module 1000 with a PC-ABS frame 5 and the modeling display module 1050 with a structured material 8 made of PC-ABS. The results show that, compared with the modeling display module 1000, for the modeling display module 1050, the maximum principal stress is reduced by 7.1%.

[0100] Figures 9A to 9B Show the comparison of the modeling HIT performance between the modeling display module 1000 with a foam frame 5 and the modeling display module 1050 with a structured material 8 made of foam. Figure 9A Show the relationship between head form deceleration and time. The results show that, compared with the modeling display module 1000 with foam, for the modeling display module 1050 with foam, the maximum head form 3-ms deceleration is reduced by 14.3%. Additionally, compared with the modeling display module 1000 with foam, for the modeling display module 1050 with foam, the maximum head form deceleration is reduced by 15.5%. Figure 9B Show the relationship between the maximum principal stress of the glass substrate 2 and time for the modeling display module 1000 with a foam frame 5 and the modeling display module 1050 with a structured material 8 made of foam. The results show that, compared with the modeling display module 1000, for the modeling display module 1050, the maximum principal stress is reduced by 36.5%.

[0101] Figure 10A Show the modeling display module 1100 for FEA simulation, which has a glass substrate 2, an adhesive layer 3, a back cover 4, a frame 5, and an attachment 7. Apply a modeling compression force to the modeling display module 1100 using a head form 1. The frame 5 is modeled as being made of solid PC-ABS with the mechanical properties shown in Table 2 and made of foam with the mechanical properties shown in Table 2.

[0102] Figure 10BDisclosed is a modeling display module 1150 for FEA simulation, which includes a glass substrate 2, an adhesive layer 3, a rear cover 4, a structured material 8, and an attachment 7. The modeling display module 1150 is the same as the modeling display module 1100, except that the frame 5 is replaced by the structured material 8. The modeled structured material is modeled as a material including multiple rows of energy-absorbing unit cells 450 made of PC ABS with the mechanical properties shown in Table 2, and a foam modeled as having the mechanical properties shown in Table 2. A modeled compression force is applied to the modeling display module 1150 using a head form 2.

[0103] Figures 11A to 11B Disclosed is a comparison of the modeling HIT performance between the modeling display module 1100 with a PC ABS frame 5 and the modeling display module 1150 with a structured material 8 made of PC ABS. Figure 11A Disclosed is the relationship between head form deceleration and time. The results show that, compared with the modeling display module 1100 with PC ABS, for the modeling display module 1150 with PC ABS, the maximum head form 3 ms deceleration is reduced by 18.1%. Additionally, from the modeling display module 1100 with PC ABS to the modeling display module 1150 with PC ABS, the maximum head form deceleration is reduced by 13.7%. Figure 11B Disclosed is the relationship between the maximum principal stress of the glass substrate 2 and time for the modeling display module 1100 with a PC ABS frame 5 and the modeling display module 1150 with a structured material 8 made of PC ABS. The results show that, compared with the modeling display module 1100, for the modeling display module 1150, the maximum principal stress is reduced by 1.4%.

[0104] Figures 12A to 12B Disclosed is a comparison of the modeling HIT performance between the modeling display module 1100 with a foam frame 5 and the modeling display module 1150 with a structured material 8 made of foam. Figure 12A Disclosed is the relationship between head form deceleration and time. The results show that, compared with the modeling display module 1100 with foam, for the modeling display module 1150 with foam, the maximum head form 3 ms deceleration is reduced by 39.8%. Additionally, from the modeling display module 1100 with foam to the modeling display module 1150 with foam, the maximum head form deceleration is reduced by 6.4%. Figure 12B Disclosed is the relationship between the maximum principal stress of the glass substrate 2 and time for the modeling display module 1100 with a foam frame 5 and the modeling display module 1150 with a structured material 8 made of foam. The results show that, compared with the modeling display module 1100, for the modeling display module 1150, the maximum principal stress is reduced by 1.5%.

[0105] Are given below in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively Figures 7A to 7B andFigures 10A to 10B The dimensions and basic mechanical properties of each component of the modeling display module in

[0106] Table 1

[0107]

[0108] Table 2

[0109]

[0110] A comparison of the modeling HIT performance between the modeling display modules 1000 and 1100 with a PC-ABS frame 5 or a foam frame 5 and the modeling display modules 1050 and 1150 with a structured material 8 shows that, compared with a solid frame made of the same material, the structured materials described herein effectively reduce head form deceleration. Thus, the results show that using the structured materials described herein can improve HIT performance and achieve improved HIT regulatory compliance. Additionally, the structured materials described herein can effectively dissipate energy and reduce cover glass stress, such that OEM glass substrate breakage can be reduced or prevented. The designed geometry of the structured materials described herein can achieve improved HIT and breakage performance, and such performance is not determined solely by the material properties of the structured materials.

[0111] Although various aspects have been described herein, these aspects are presented by way of example and not limitation. It should be apparent that, based on the teachings and guidance presented herein, adaptations and modifications are intended to fall within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the disclosed aspects. Thus, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail can be made to the aspects disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. The elements of the aspects presented herein are not necessarily mutually exclusive, but rather can be interchanged to accommodate various situations that will be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0112] Aspects of the present disclosure have been described in detail herein with reference to aspects of the present disclosure shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to denote like or functionally similar elements. References to "aspects" or "an aspect" indicate that the described aspect may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but each aspect may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same aspect. Additionally, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an aspect, we believe that it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other aspects whether or not explicitly described.

[0113] The examples illustrate rather than limit the disclosure. Other suitable modifications and adaptations of the various conditions and parameters commonly encountered in the art and obvious to those skilled in the art are within the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

[0114] The use of the indefinite articles "a" and "an" to describe an element or component means that there is one or more than one of these elements or components. Although these articles are commonly used to indicate that the modified noun is a singular noun, the articles "a" and "an" as used herein also include the plural, unless otherwise stated in a particular context. Similarly, unless otherwise stated in a particular context, the definite article "the" as used herein also means that the modified noun can be singular or plural.

[0115] Directional terms used herein, such as up, down, right, left, front, back, top, bottom, inward, outward, are made only with reference to the drawings as depicted and are not intended to imply absolute orientation.

[0116] As used in the claims, "comprising" is an open transitional phrase. The list of elements following the transitional phrase "comprising" is a non-exclusive list, such that there may be additional elements other than those specifically recited in the list. As used in the claims, "consisting essentially of" or "consisting essentially of" limits the composition of a material to the specified materials and those materials that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the material. As used in the claims, "consisting of" or "consisting entirely of" limits the composition of a material to the specified materials and excludes any unspecified materials.

[0117] In cases where a numerical range including an upper limit value and a lower limit value is recited herein, unless otherwise stated in a particular context, the range is intended to include its endpoints, as well as all integers and fractions within the range. When defining a range, it is not intended that the scope of the claims be limited to the specific values recited. Additionally, when a quantity, concentration, or other value or parameter is given in the form of a range, one or more preferred ranges, or a list of preferred upper limit values and preferred lower limit values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by any pair of any range upper limit or preferred value and any range lower limit or preferred value, whether or not such pairs are separately disclosed. Finally, when the term "about" is used to describe a value or endpoint of a range, the disclosure is to be understood as encompassing the specific value or endpoint recited. Whether or not the numerical value or endpoint of a range is qualified by "about", the numerical value or endpoint of the range is intended to encompass two aspects: one aspect modified by "about", and one aspect not modified by "about".

[0118] As used herein, the term "about" refers to a value within ±5% of the stated value. For example, about 3 MPa can include any number between 2.85 MPa and 3.15 MPa.

[0119] It should be understood that the terminology or words used herein are for description and not for limitation. The breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above exemplary aspects, but rather should be defined in accordance with the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vehicle interior system, comprising: A vehicle interior base; And A display module disposed above the vehicle interior base, the display module comprising: A glass substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, An electronic display attached to the first surface of the glass substrate, and A structured material including energy-absorbing unit cells, Wherein the energy-absorbing unit cells include a variable compression stiffness defined by the slope of a force-versus-normalized-displacement curve of the top surface of the top edge of the energy-absorbing unit cells, the variable compression stiffness including: a first positive-slope region across a first normalized displacement range, a negative-slope region across a second normalized displacement range, and a second positive-slope region across a third normalized displacement range.

2. The vehicle interior system according to claim 1, wherein the first surface of the glass substrate includes a curved surface.

3. The vehicle interior system according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the structured material is disposed between the first surface of the glass substrate and the vehicle interior base.

4. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the structured material is attached to the first surface of the glass substrate.

5. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an attachment for coupling the display module to the vehicle interior base, wherein the structured material is disposed between the attachment and the vehicle interior base.

6. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the structured material is attached to the vehicle interior base.

7. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the structured material includes a plurality of the energy-absorbing unit cells arranged in a plurality of rows.

8. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the display is visible through an opening formed in the structured material.

9. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the structured material includes a thickness greater than the thickness of the glass substrate.

10. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the energy-absorbing unit cells include: A first sidewall including a first curved portion and a first flat portion; And A second sidewall including a second curved portion and a second flat portion, Wherein the thicknesses of the first curved portion and the second curved portion are given by t, Wherein the heights of the first curved portion and the second curved portion are given by h, Wherein the lengths of the first curved portion and the second curved portion are given by l / 2, Wherein the dimensionless parameter P is given by l / t, and Wherein the dimensionless parameter Q is given by h / t.

11. The vehicle interior system according to claim 10, wherein each of the first curved portion and the second curved portion includes an S-shape defined by a first curved section and a second curved section connected at an inflection point.

12. The vehicle interior system according to claim 10 or claim 11, wherein the value of Q is greater than or equal to 2.

13. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the value of P is between 13 and 16.

14. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the energy-absorbing single cell further comprises: a top wall extending from the first bent portion to the second bent portion; and a bottom wall extending from the first flat portion to the second flat portion.

15. The vehicle interior system according to claim 14, wherein the width of the top wall is given by W, wherein the widths of the first side and the second side of the bottom wall are given by w, wherein the height of the bottom side of the bottom wall is given by T, wherein the value of w is greater than the value of t, and wherein the value of w is less than the value of T.

16. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the force-displacement relationship curve does not include force values below zero.

17. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the force-displacement relationship curve includes force values below zero.

18. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the variable compression stiffness transitions from the first positive slope region to the negative slope region at a first critical force value.

19. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the variable compression stiffness transitions from the negative slope region to the second positive slope region at a second critical force value.

20. The vehicle interior system according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the vehicle interior base includes at least one of the following: a component of a vehicle instrument panel, a component of a vehicle center console, a component of a vehicle instrument panel, a component of a vehicle steering wheel, a component of a vehicle seat back, a component of a front part of a vehicle seat, or a component of a vehicle door panel.

21. A vehicle interior system, comprising: a vehicle interior base; a glass substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and a structured material disposed between the vehicle interior base and the glass substrate and including energy-absorbing single cells, wherein the energy-absorbing single cells include a variable compression stiffness defined by the slope of a force-displacement relationship curve of a top surface of a top edge of the energy-absorbing single cells, the variable compression stiffness including: a first positive slope region across a first normalized displacement range, a negative slope region across a second normalized displacement range, and a second positive slope region across a third normalized displacement range.

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