3D printing nested concrete fish reef and concrete formula
Through 3D printing of nested concrete reefs, the problem that the reef structure in the existing technology is not suitable for different fish, the classification and ecological performance of fish are improved, the sustainable development of fisheries is promoted, and the stability and durability of fish reefs are enhanced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510772920.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-22
AI Technical Summary
The existing artificial reef design and production process are complex, and the internal structure is not suitable for the classification of fish of different sizes, which leads to the problem of large fish eating small fish, and is prone to damage and affects the marine environment.
3D printing technology is used to manufacture nested concrete fish reefs, and use several hollow shell sets to form columnar structures of different sizes, set up fish holes and attachment components of different sizes, and combine specific concrete formulas, including silicate cement, double fast cement, river sand, silica fume, water, water reducer, expansion agent, hollow ceramic microbeads and nickel-titanium alloy fibers to improve biocompatibility and ecological performance.
The classification and breeding of fish of different sizes has been achieved, the biocompatibility and ecological performance of fish reefs has been improved, the sustainable development of fisheries has been promoted, the stability and durability of fish reefs have been enhanced, and the damage to the marine environment has been reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN120345554A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of artificial fish reefs, and particularly relates to a 3D printed nested concrete fish reef and a concrete formulation. Background Art
[0002] An artificial fish reef is a structure artificially set in the sea, the purpose of which is to improve the marine ecological environment, create a good environment for marine organisms to inhabit, provide a place for fish and the like to breed, grow, forage and take shelter from enemies, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting, increasing and improving the fishing catch. However, the monitoring and placement situations we have learned are much more complex and changeable than on land. Therefore, from the design to the placement of artificial fish reefs, and then to the subsequent maintenance in the sea, scientific research and analysis, as well as the cooperation of multiple disciplines, are required to achieve the expected construction effect and biological attachment effect. Also, for the foundation part, appropriate materials can not only achieve a better fish aggregating effect. The selection of materials is related to the service life of artificial fish reefs for reef building and fixing, and can reduce the construction cost.
[0003] The construction of traditional artificial fish reefs requires fisheries experts to first design drawings according to the sea area conditions and enterprise requirements, and then submit them to the factory. The factory needs to first construct a mold, which requires a large amount of funds and also takes some time. After the mold is built, hydrodynamic tests of the model are carried out, and only after passing the tests can the production of artificial fish reefs by workers begin, consuming a lot of time and resources.
[0004] Existing artificial fish reefs mainly adopt a hollow structure with holes on the surface, so as to provide a living place for swimming organisms such as fish. However, the size of the internal nests of some fish reefs is not consistent with the size of the surface through holes, and different sizes of fish cannot be classified. The problem is that the round holes of the artificial fish reefs are of the same size, resulting in the situation of "big fish eating small fish, and small fish cannot be protected", which is not conducive to the growth of fry. The stability effect of existing artificial fish reefs after placement is relatively poor, and they are easily damaged during the placement process, making the fish reefs unable to achieve the original expected effect, and even exacerbating the harm. Compared with this, improper use of the method is likely to cause damage to the marine environment. Summary of the Invention
[0005] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a 3D printed nested concrete fish reef and a concrete formulation. The placement of the 3D printed artificial fish reef is convenient to use, can effectively simulate the internal structure of the artificial fish reef, improve the biocompatibility of the artificial fish reef, enable it to better conserve and restore marine fishery resources, improve and repair the marine environment, promote the sustainable development of fisheries, increase the fishing catch, and bring more benefits to the fishery output value.
[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows. A 3D printed nested concrete fish reef includes a number of hollow shells. The number of hollow shells are nested together, and the lower bottom surfaces of the number of hollow shells are on the same horizontal line. The height of the nested hollow shells increases successively as the diameter decreases. A number of fish holes are provided on the number of hollow shells.
[0007] The central axes of the number of hollow shells are coaxial.
[0008] The fish holes provided on the outermost hollow shell are the largest, and as the size of the hollow shell decreases, the fish holes provided on the hollow shell also decrease accordingly.
[0009] The fish holes are provided on the upper end surface of the hollow shell, and a number of fish holes are provided.
[0010] The inner hollow shells pass through the outer hollow shells in sequence.
[0011] A number of water inlet holes are provided on the outer peripheral sides of the number of hollow shells.
[0012] The hollow shell is provided with an attachment assembly.
[0013] The attachment assembly includes a first attachment plate provided in the hollow shell and a second attachment plate provided on the first attachment plate.
[0014] The number of hollow shells are all columnar, and connecting columns are provided between the hollow shells.
[0015] The nested fish reef is printed by desktop concrete 3D printing.
[0016] For the concrete formula used in desktop concrete 3D printing, by mass fraction, the formula includes:
[0017] 550 - 585 parts of portland cement, 55 - 72 parts of double - quick cement, 680 - 740 parts of river sand, 65 - 75 parts of silica fume, 210 - 240 parts of water, 5 - 8 parts of water - reducing agent, 50 - 60 parts of expansive agent, 20 - 40 parts of hollow ceramic microspheres, 60 - 80 parts of sisal fiber, 2 - 5 parts of nickel - titanium alloy fiber.
[0018] The hollow ceramic microspheres are alumina ceramic microspheres. The reinforcing fiber: nickel - titanium shape memory alloy (SMA) fiber (diameter 20 - 30μm, length 2 - 3mm), pre - bent into a "Ω" shape, is embedded in the microsphere pore channels by capillary action.
[0019] Influence on printing performance
[0020] Rheology retention: The density of the ceramic microspheres is close to that of the cement paste (about 2.5g / cm 3) After dispersion, a "ball bearing effect" is formed, and the slump loss of the slurry is <8%; the SMA fibers are constrained inside the microbeads, avoiding entanglement and clogging of the nozzle.
[0021] Printing adaptability: When the diameter of the microbeads is less than 1 / 3 of the nozzle diameter (it is recommended that the nozzle diameter ≥ 2 mm), they can pass through the print head smoothly, and the composite particles have a low bulk density and small deformation during interlayer extrusion.
[0022] Strength improvement mechanism, load transfer coordination: When compressed, the hollow microbeads disperse stress through elastic deformation of the shell, and the SMA fibers undergo shape memory phase transformation due to the "Ω" structure, absorbing energy and inhibiting the propagation of microcracks;
[0023] When in tension, before the two ends of the fiber are pulled out from the microbead pores, the interfacial bonding force needs to be overcome, increasing the flexural strength by 70% - 80%.
[0024] Self - repair function: When the crack extends to the microbead area, the SMA fibers restore to a straight rod shape due to temperature triggering (the seawater temperature of 20 - 25 °C is close to the phase transition point), squeezing the concrete on both sides of the crack to achieve self - closure of cracks less than 0.3 mm.
[0025] Sisal fibers provide mechanical anchoring force. The sisal fibers cross - interpenetrate in the hollow ceramic microbeads, greatly enhancing the strength of the concrete. GO forms chemical bonds with the cement hydration products through π - π stacking, increasing the interfacial bonding strength by 80% - 90% and the flexural strength by 51% - 65%.
[0026] Long - term durability: The barrier effect of GO delays the penetration of Cl-, and the strength retention rate after 3 years of seawater immersion is 25% higher than that of unmodified fiber concrete.
[0027] Ecological advantages
[0028] The plant fiber source is renewable, and GO has no biological toxicity, meeting the ecological - friendly requirements of fish reefs. The inside of the hollow microbeads can be filled with slow - release nutrients (such as sodium alginate gel), which are gradually released during concrete curing to promote the attachment of algae.
[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0030] It can realize the breeding of fish and shrimp of different sizes. A number of column - shaped hollow shells set together, small fish and big fish can choose different column - shaped hollow shells to occupy. The larger the size of the column - shaped hollow shell, the larger the through - holes (fish holes) on it, facilitating the entry of big fish; thus, according to the size of the through - holes, small fish can match in the small through - holes (fish holes). When big fish and shrimp swim into through the large holes of the hollow reef body, they and small fish go into different column - shaped hollow shells respectively.
[0031] The nested hollow shell is provided with an attachment component. The first attachment plate and the second attachment plate of the attachment component facilitate the attachment of algae, shellfish, etc., thereby improving the ecological performance of the fish reef.
[0032] The nested fish reef with attachment holes can be directly printed by 3D printing, with high production efficiency. At the same time, it can classify fish and shrimp of different sizes, so that different fish and shrimp have different spatial densities. When big fish swim by, it helps the growth of fry, solving the problem of "big fish eat small fish, and small fish have no shelter", thus realizing the problem of "big fish eat small fish, and small fish have no shelter". BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;
[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the bottom connection structure of the hollow shell of the present invention;
[0035] Figure 3 is a front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention;
[0036] Figure 4 is Figure 3 a schematic sectional view taken along line B-B of DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0037] To further understand the content, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are exemplified and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0038] The structure of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
[0039] Embodiment 1: As Figures 1 to 4 shown, a 3D printed nested concrete fish reef includes a plurality of hollow shells 1. The plurality of hollow shells 1 are sleeved together, and the lower bottom surfaces of the plurality of hollow shells 1 are on the same horizontal line. The heights of the plurality of hollow shells 1 sleeved together increase in turn as the diameter decreases. A fish hole 2 is provided on each of the plurality of hollow shells 1.
[0040] The central axes of the plurality of hollow shells 1 are coaxial.
[0041] The fish hole 2 provided on the outermost hollow shell 1 is the largest. As the size of the hollow shell decreases, the fish hole provided on the hollow shell also decreases accordingly. The fish hole 2-1 on the outermost hollow shell 1 is larger than the fish hole 2-2 on the inner hollow shell.
[0042] The fish hole 2 is provided on the upper end surface of the hollow shell 1, and a plurality of fish holes 2 are provided.
[0043] The inner hollow shell 1 sequentially passes through the outer hollow shell.
[0044] A plurality of water inlet holes 3 are provided on the outer circumference of the plurality of hollow shells 1 .
[0045] The hollow shell 1 is provided with an attachment assembly 4 .
[0046] The attachment assembly 4 includes a first attachment plate 4-1 disposed in the hollow shell and a second attachment plate 4-2 disposed on the first attachment plate 4-1.
[0047] The plurality of hollow shells 1 are all columnar, and connecting columns are provided between the hollow shells 1 to increase the overall strength.
[0048] Example 2: The nested fish reef is printed using desktop concrete 3D printing.
[0049] Example 3: The concrete formula used in desktop concrete 3D printing, recorded by mass, includes:
[0050] 550 parts of silicate cement, 55 parts of double-fast cement, 680 parts of river sand, 65 parts of silica fume, 210 parts of water, 5 parts of water reducer, 50 parts of expansion agent, 20 parts of hollow ceramic microspheres, 60 parts of sisal fiber, and 2 parts of nickel-titanium alloy fiber.
[0051] Example 4: The concrete formula used in desktop concrete 3D printing, recorded by mass percentage, includes:
[0052] 567.8 parts of silicate cement, 62.9 parts of double-fast cement, 708.9 parts of river sand, 71.4 parts of silica fume, 224.4 parts of water, 6.8 parts of water reducer, 54.4 parts of expansion agent, 30 parts of hollow ceramic microspheres, 70 parts of sisal fiber, and 3.5 parts of nickel-titanium alloy fiber.
[0053] Example 6: The concrete formula used in desktop concrete 3D printing, recorded by mass, includes:
[0054] 585 parts of silicate cement, 72 parts of double-fast cement, 740 parts of river sand, 75 parts of silica fume, 240 parts of water, 8 parts of water reducer, 60 parts of expansion agent, 40 parts of hollow ceramic microspheres, 80 parts of sisal fiber, and 5 parts of nickel-titanium alloy fiber.
[0055] The hollow ceramic microspheres are made of alumina ceramic microspheres and reinforced fibers: nickel-titanium shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers (20-30 μm in diameter and 2-3 mm in length), which are pre-bent into an "Ω" shape and embedded in the microsphere pores through capillary action.
[0056] Impact on printing performance
[0057] Rheological properties: The density of ceramic microspheres is close to that of cement paste (about 2.5 g / cm 3) After dispersion, a "ball effect" is formed, and the slump loss of the slurry is <8%; the SMA fibers are constrained inside the microbeads, avoiding entanglement and clogging of the nozzle.
[0058] Printing adaptability: When the microbead diameter is less than 1 / 3 of the nozzle diameter (it is recommended that the nozzle diameter ≥ 2 mm), it can pass through the print head smoothly, and the composite particles have a low bulk density and small deformation during interlayer extrusion.
[0059] Strength enhancement mechanism, load transfer coordination: When compressed, the hollow microbeads disperse stress through elastic deformation of the shell, and the SMA fibers undergo shape memory phase transformation due to the "Ω" shape structure, absorbing energy and inhibiting the propagation of microcracks;
[0060] When in tension, before the two ends of the fiber are pulled out from the microbead pores, it is necessary to overcome the interfacial bonding force (the interfacial bonding strength between ceramics and metals can reach 5 - 8 MPa), increasing the flexural strength by 50% - 70%.
[0061] Self - repair function: When the crack spreads to the microbead area, the SMA fibers recover to a straight rod shape due to temperature triggering (the seawater temperature of 20 - 25 °C is close to the phase transition point), squeezing the concrete on both sides of the crack to achieve self - closing of cracks below 0.3 mm.
[0062] Sisal fibers provide mechanical anchoring force. The sisal fibers cross - interpenetrate in the hollow ceramic microbeads, greatly enhancing the strength of the concrete. GO forms chemical bonds with the cement hydration products through π - π stacking, increasing the interfacial bonding strength by 80% - 90% and the flexural strength by 51% - 65%.
[0063] Long - term durability: The barrier effect of GO delays the penetration of Cl-, and the strength retention rate after 3 years of seawater immersion is 25% higher than that of unmodified fiber concrete.
[0064] Ecological advantages
[0065] Plant fibers are renewable in source, and GO has no biological toxicity, meeting the ecological - friendly requirements of fish reefs. The inside of the hollow microbeads can be filled with slow - release nutrients (such as sodium alginate gel), which are gradually released during concrete curing to promote the attachment of algae.
[0066] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0067] It can realize the cultivation of fish and shrimp of different sizes. A number of column - shaped hollow shells set together, small fish and big fish can choose different column - shaped hollow shells to occupy. The larger the size of the column - shaped hollow shell, the larger the through - hole (fish hole) on it, facilitating the entry of big fish; thus, according to the size of the through - hole, small fish can match in the small through - holes (fish holes). When large fish and shrimp swim in from the large holes of the hollow reef body, they and small fish go into different column - shaped hollow shells respectively.
[0068] The nested hollow housing is provided with an attachment component. The first attachment plate and the second attachment plate of the attachment component facilitate the attachment of algae, shellfish, etc., thereby improving the ecological performance of the fish reef.
[0069] The nested fish reef with attachment holes can be directly printed by 3D printing, with high production efficiency. At the same time, it can classify fish and shrimp of different sizes, so that the spaces for different fish and shrimp are of different sizes. When big fish swim by and match, it helps the growth of fry, solving the problem of "big fish eat small fish, and small fish have no shelter", and thus can achieve the problem of "big fish eat small fish, and small fish have no shelter".
[0070] The raw materials used in this experiment are: ordinary Portland cement (P.0.42.5) produced by Tianlu Cement Production Co., Ltd. in Tangshan City, Hebei Province, and rapid hardening sulphoaluminate cement produced by Beijing Xinhonggao Building Materials Technology Co., Ltd., etc., which are evenly mixed in proportion. A Huachuang Zhizao HC1007 desktop concrete 3D printer is used for printing.
[0071] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.
[0072] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art of this patent, within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A 3D printed nested concrete fish reef, characterized in that: It includes a number of hollow shells, the number of hollow shells are sleeved together, the lower bottom surfaces of the number of hollow shells are on the same horizontal line, and the heights of the number of hollow shells sleeved together increase in turn as the diameter decreases. There are fish holes provided on the number of hollow shells.
2. The 3D printed nested concrete fish reef according to claim 1, wherein: The central axes of the number of hollow shells are coaxial.
3. The 3D printed nested concrete fish reef according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The fish holes provided on the outermost hollow shell are the largest, and as the size of the hollow shell decreases, the fish holes provided on the hollow shell also decrease accordingly.
4. The 3D printed nested concrete fish reef according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The fish holes are provided on the upper end surface of the hollow shell, and several fish holes are provided.
5. The 3D printed nested concrete fish reef according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The inner hollow shells pass through the outer hollow shells in sequence.
6. The 3D printed nested concrete fish reef according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: There are several water inlet holes provided on the outer peripheral sides of the number of hollow shells.
7. The 3D printed nested concrete fish reef according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The hollow shell is provided with an attachment component; The attachment component includes a first attachment plate provided in the hollow shell and a second attachment plate provided on the first attachment plate.
8. The 3D printed nested concrete fish reef according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The number of hollow shells are all columnar, and there are connecting columns provided between the hollow shells.
9. The 3D printed nested concrete fish reef according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The nested fish reef is printed by desktop concrete 3D printing.
10. For any 3D printed nested concrete fish reef according to claims 1-9, for the concrete formula used in desktop concrete 3D printing, by mass fraction, the formula includes: 550-585 parts of portland cement, 55-72 parts of double quick cement, 680-740 parts of river sand, 65-75 parts of silica fume, 210-240 parts of water, 5-8 parts of water reducing agent, 50-60 parts of expansion agent, 20-40 parts of hollow ceramic microspheres, 60-80 parts of sisal fiber, 2-5 parts of nickel-titanium alloy fiber.