3D printing calcium-iron-zinc nutrition fortified rice product and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing nutrition fortified rice products, in particular to a 3D printing calcium-iron-zinc nutrition fortified rice product and a preparation method thereof. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) crushing and sieving broken rice to obtain broken rice flour for later use; (2) heating and uniformly mixing calcium carbonate, ferric salt of sodium ethylene diamine tetracetate trihydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, the colloid composition and water to obtain a mixed solution; (3) adding the broken rice flour into the mixed solution, and uniformly stirring to obtain a premix; (4) loading the premix into a special charging barrel for 3D printing, and setting printing parameters of sample 3D printing; and (5) printing and forming by using a 3D printer according to the printing parameters, and cooking to obtain the rice product. According to the method, the utilization rate of the broken rice and the content of minerals in the rice product can be increased, absorption of the minerals is increased, and a reference basis is provided for preparation and application of the 3D printing calcium-iron-zinc nutrition fortified rice product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing of nutritionally fortified rice products, and particularly to a 3D printed calcium, iron, and zinc nutritionally fortified rice product and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Minerals are essential inorganic nutrients for the human body, and the population in our country mainly supplements minerals from food. Calcium plays a role in forming bones and teeth. Children lacking calcium suffer from rickets, and middle-aged and elderly people lacking calcium suffer from osteoporosis. Iron has functions of hematopoiesis, transportation, and carrying nutrients. Lack of iron will lead to iron deficiency anemia (such as fatigue, dizziness, etc.) and decreased immune function. Zinc has functions of promoting development, wound healing, and ensuring normal taste. Lack of zinc will lead to poor growth and development and taste disorders.

[0003] The main link where broken rice is produced during the rice processing process is concentrated in the rice milling process. Currently, during the production and processing in our country, generally 15% - 20% of broken rice is produced. The nutritional value of broken rice is equivalent to that of whole rice, but its market price is significantly lower than that of whole rice. As the main nutritional component of broken rice, starch is one of the important sources for the human body to obtain energy. In addition to rich starch, broken rice also contains protein, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Currently, the main uses of broken rice are for feed processing, brewing, sugar making, etc., and its utilization value is not high.

[0004] As a new technology, 3D printing technology can prepare precise nutritional diets according to requirements. At the same time, broken rice flour, as a common food raw material, has good plasticity and fluidity and is suitable for 3D printing. Currently, people obtain it from nutritional supplements according to the lack situation, and there is no report on 3D printed nutritionally fortified rice products that can obtain these nutritional components through daily diet. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problems of mineral deficiency, the nutritional content of broken rice being equivalent to that of whole rice but with low utilization value, and to provide a nutritionally fortified rice product containing calcium, iron, and zinc by mixing 3D printed minerals with broken rice flour.

[0006] The method of the present invention can improve the utilization rate of broken rice, and can also increase the mineral content in the rice product and enhance the absorption of minerals. The research results can provide a reference basis for the preparation and application of 3D printed calcium, iron, and zinc nutritionally fortified rice products.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The present invention provides a preparation method of a 3D printed calcium, iron, and zinc nutritionally fortified rice product, and the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Crush and sieve broken rice to obtain broken rice flour for standby;

[0010] Step 2: Heat and mix calcium carbonate, ferric sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate trihydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate and a gum composition with water until evenly mixed to obtain a mixed solution;

[0011] Step 3: Add the broken rice flour to the mixed solution and stir evenly to obtain a premix;

[0012] Step 4: Load the premix into a special barrel for 3D printing and set the printing parameters for 3D printing of the sample;

[0013] Step 5: Use a 3D printer to print and form according to the printing parameters, and obtain the rice product after cooking.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment, the broken rice is sieved through an 80-mesh sieve after crushing.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment, according to the "National Food Safety Standard - Use Standard of Food Nutritional Fortifiers (GB 14880 - 2012)", the addition amount of calcium carbonate is 0 - 0.24 g, the addition amount of ferric sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate trihydrate is 0 - 0.0058 g, and the addition amount of zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 0 - 0.0053 g.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the addition amount of the gum composition is 0 - 0.12 g, and the addition amount of water is 20 - 50 mL.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the heating temperature in Step 2 is 60 - 80 °C.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the mixed solution to the broken rice flour is (20 - 50) mL : (25 - 30) g.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment, use Cura software to set the printed model as a cuboid with dimensions of 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, and the printing parameters are: filling density 60% - 100%, printing speed 10 - 30 mm / s, nozzle aperture 0.60 - 2.00 mm.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment, the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum and sesame gum.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of xanthan gum, locust bean gum and sesame gum is 2 : (1 - 3) : (0.5 - 1).

[0022] The present invention also provides a 3D printed calcium, iron and zinc fortified rice product obtained by the above preparation method.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) By adding calcium carbonate, sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate trihydrate, and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, the present invention strengthens calcium, iron, and zinc in rice products.

[0025] (2) By adding a gum composition and heating to 75 °C, the present invention can better control the dissolution or dispersion degree of nutritional additives, avoid caking or uneven distribution, and thus improve the quality of rice products.

[0026] (3) By adding ground rice flour to the materials in the second step and stirring evenly, the present invention can ensure that the ground rice flour is fully combined with the materials to form a uniform mixture, providing a good base material for subsequent 3D printing.

[0027] (4) By setting reasonable printing parameters, the present invention can ensure the smooth progress of the printing process, avoid problems such as printing failure and material blockage, and thus improve the printing quality and product success rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 Diagram of the printing accuracy and stability of 3D-printed rice products with different gum composition contents.

[0029] Figure 2 Diagram of the printing accuracy and stability of 3D-printed rice products with different rice-to-water ratios.

[0030] Figure 3 Diagram of the printing accuracy and printing stability of 3D-printed rice products with different filling densities.

[0031] Figure 4 Diagram of the printing accuracy and printing stability of 3D-printed rice products with different printing speeds.

[0032] Figure 5 Diagram of the printing accuracy and printing stability of 3D-printed rice products with different nozzle apertures.

[0033] Figure 6 Diagram of the bioaccessibility of calcium, iron, and zinc in 3D-printed nutrient-enriched rice.

[0034] Figure 7 Physical diagram of the rice product prepared by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0035] The present invention provides a method for preparing 3D-printed calcium, iron, and zinc nutrient-enriched rice products, which will be described in detail below with reference to examples.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] This embodiment provides a 3D printed calcium, iron and zinc fortified rice product, and the preparation method includes:

[0038] 1. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator;

[0039] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water, and add 30 g of broken rice flour to it, and stir evenly;

[0040] Step 3: Transfer the sample in Step 2 to a 3D printing special barrel, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0041] 2. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator;

[0042] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a 75°C water bath;

[0043] Step 3: Add 0.03 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2, and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum and sesame gum, and the mass ratio is 2:2:1.

[0044] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature, and add 30 g of broken rice flour to it, and stir evenly;

[0045] Step 5: Transfer the sample in Step 4 to a 3D printing special barrel, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0046] 3. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator;

[0047] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a 75°C water bath;

[0048] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2, and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum and sesame gum, and the mass ratio is 2:2:1.

[0049] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature, and add 30 g of broken rice flour to it, and stir evenly;

[0050] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20mm × 15mm × 15mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0051] 4. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0052] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a 75°C water bath.

[0053] Step 3: Add 0.09 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0054] Step 4: Cool the sample from Step 3 to room temperature, and add 30 g of broken rice flour to it, and stir evenly.

[0055] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20mm × 15mm × 15mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0056] 5. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0057] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a 75°C water bath.

[0058] Step 3: Add 0.12 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0059] Step 4: Cool the sample from Step 3 to room temperature, and add 30 g of broken rice flour to it, and stir evenly.

[0060] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20mm × 15mm × 15mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0061] Example 2:

[0062] 1. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0063] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C;

[0064] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0065] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 24 g of ground rice flour to it, stirring evenly;

[0066] Step 5: Transfer the sample in Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0067] 2. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve and store it in a 4 °C refrigerator;

[0068] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C;

[0069] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0070] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 25.5 g of ground rice flour to it, stirring evenly;

[0071] Step 5: Transfer the sample in Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0072] 3. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve and store it in a 4 °C refrigerator;

[0073] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C;

[0074] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0075] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 27 g of ground rice flour to it, stirring evenly;

[0076] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special cartridge for 3D printing. Set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm. Conduct 3D printing under these conditions.

[0077] 4. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then sieve it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0078] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a 75°C water bath.

[0079] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved. The gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0080] Step 4: Cool the sample from Step 3 to room temperature, and add 28.5 g of broken rice flour to it, and stir evenly.

[0081] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special cartridge for 3D printing. Set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm. Conduct 3D printing under these conditions.

[0082] 5. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then sieve it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0083] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a 75°C water bath.

[0084] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved. The gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0085] Step 4: Cool the sample from Step 3 to room temperature, and add 30 g of broken rice flour to it, and stir evenly.

[0086] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special cartridge for 3D printing. Set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm. Conduct 3D printing under these conditions.

[0087] Example 3:

[0088] 1. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then sieve it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0089] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C;

[0090] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0091] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of ground rice flour to it, stirring evenly;

[0092] Step 5: Transfer the sample in Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 60%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0093] 2. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4 °C refrigerator;

[0094] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C;

[0095] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0096] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of ground rice flour to it, stirring evenly;

[0097] Step 5: Transfer the sample in Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 70%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0098] 3. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4 °C refrigerator;

[0099] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C;

[0100] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0101] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of ground rice flour to it, stirring evenly;

[0102] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 80%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0103] 4. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0104] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a 75°C water bath.

[0105] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0106] Step 4: Cool the sample from Step 3 to room temperature, and add 30 g of broken rice flour to it and stir evenly.

[0107] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0108] 5. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0109] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a 75°C water bath.

[0110] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0111] Step 4: Cool the sample from Step 3 to room temperature, and add 30 g of broken rice flour to it and stir evenly.

[0112] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 100%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0113] Example 4:

[0114] 1. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0115] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C.

[0116] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, and the mass ratio is 2:2:1.

[0117] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of ground rice flour to it, and stir evenly.

[0118] Step 5: Transfer the sample in Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 10 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0119] 2. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4 °C refrigerator.

[0120] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C.

[0121] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, and the mass ratio is 2:2:1.

[0122] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of ground rice flour to it, and stir evenly.

[0123] Step 5: Transfer the sample in Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 15 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0124] 3. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4 °C refrigerator.

[0125] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C.

[0126] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, and the mass ratio is 2:2:1.

[0127] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of ground rice flour to it, and stir evenly.

[0128] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge. Set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm. Conduct 3D printing under these conditions.

[0129] 4. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0130] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a 75°C water bath.

[0131] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved. The gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0132] Step 4: Cool the sample from Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of broken rice flour to it, then stir evenly.

[0133] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge. Set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 25 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm. Conduct 3D printing under these conditions.

[0134] 5. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0135] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a 75°C water bath.

[0136] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved. The gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0137] Step 4: Cool the sample from Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of broken rice flour to it, then stir evenly.

[0138] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge. Set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 30 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm. Conduct 3D printing under these conditions.

[0139] Example 5:

[0140] 1. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0141] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C.

[0142] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0143] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of ground rice flour to it, then stir evenly.

[0144] Step 5: Transfer the sample in Step 4 to a special 3D printing barrel, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.60 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0145] 2. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve and store it in a 4 °C refrigerator.

[0146] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C.

[0147] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0148] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of ground rice flour to it, then stir evenly.

[0149] Step 5: Transfer the sample in Step 4 to a special 3D printing barrel, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions.

[0150] 3. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve and store it in a 4 °C refrigerator.

[0151] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C.

[0152] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0153] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of ground rice flour to it, then stir evenly.

[0154] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special cartridge for 3D printing. Set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 1.20 mm. Conduct 3D printing under these conditions.

[0155] 4. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then sieve it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0156] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a 75°C water bath.

[0157] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved. The gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0158] Step 4: Cool the sample from Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of broken rice flour to it, then stir evenly.

[0159] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special cartridge for 3D printing. Set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 1.55 mm. Conduct 3D printing under these conditions.

[0160] 5. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then sieve it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0161] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a 75°C water bath.

[0162] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved. The gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0163] Step 4: Cool the sample from Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of broken rice flour to it, then stir evenly.

[0164] Step 5: Transfer the sample from Step 4 to a special cartridge for 3D printing. Set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 2.00 mm. Conduct 3D printing under these conditions.

[0165] Example 6:

[0166] 1. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then sieve it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator.

[0167] Step 2: Weigh 30 mL of distilled water and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C.

[0168] Step 3: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the distilled water in Step 2 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0169] Step 4: Cool the sample in Step 3 to room temperature and add 30 g of ground rice flour to it, stirring evenly.

[0170] Step 5: Transfer the sample in Step 4 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm. Conduct 3D printing under these conditions, and this printed sample is denoted as S0.

[0171] 2. Step 1: Grind the broken rice with a grinder, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve and store it in a 4 °C refrigerator.

[0172] Step 2: Weigh 0.12 g of calcium carbonate, 0.0032 g of ferric sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate trihydrate, and 0.0013 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate.

[0173] Step 3: Add 30 mL of distilled water to the mixed sample in Step 2 and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C.

[0174] Step 4: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the sample in Step 3 and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and sesame gum, with a mass ratio of 2:2:1.

[0175] Step 5: Cool the sample in Step 4 to room temperature and add 29.88 g of ground rice flour to it, stirring evenly.

[0176] Step 6: Transfer the sample in Step 5 to a special 3D printing cartridge, set the printing model to 20 mm × 15 mm × 15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm. Conduct 3D printing under these conditions, and this printed sample is denoted as S1.

[0177] 3. Step 1: Grind the broken rice with a grinder, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve and store it in a 4 °C refrigerator.

[0178] Step 2: Weigh 0.18 g of calcium carbonate, 0.0045 g of ferric sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate trihydrate, and 0.0033 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate.

[0179] Step 3: Add 30 mL of distilled water to the mixed sample in Step 2 and heat it in a water bath at 75 °C.

[0180] Step 4: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the sample in Step 3, and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum and sesame gum, and the mass ratio is 2:2:1.

[0181] Step 5: Cool the sample in Step 4 to room temperature, and add 29.81 g of ground rice flour thereto, and stir evenly;

[0182] Step 6: Transfer the sample in Step 5 to a special 3D printing barrel, set the printing model to 20 mm×15 mm×15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions. This printed sample is denoted as S2.

[0183] 4. Step 1: Crush the broken rice with a crusher, then pass it through an 80-mesh sieve, and store it in a 4°C refrigerator;

[0184] Step 2: Weigh 0.24 g of calcium carbonate, 0.0058 g of ferric sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate trihydrate and 0.0053 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate.

[0185] Step 3: Add 30 mL of distilled water to the mixed sample in Step 2, and heat it in a 75°C water bath;

[0186] Step 4: Add 0.06 g of the gum composition to the sample in Step 3, and continue heating until the gum composition is completely dissolved; the gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum and sesame gum, and the mass ratio is 2:2:1.

[0187] Step 5: Cool the sample in Step 4 to room temperature, and add 29.75 g of ground rice flour thereto, and stir evenly;

[0188] Step 6: Transfer the sample in Step 5 to a special 3D printing barrel, set the printing model to 20 mm×15 mm×15 mm, the filling density to 90%, the printing speed to 20 mm / s, and the nozzle aperture to 0.84 mm, and perform 3D printing under these conditions. This printed sample is denoted as S3.

[0189] Performance test

[0190] Determine the printing accuracy and stability of the 3D printed nutritionally fortified rice products prepared in Examples 1 to 5; determine the calcium, iron and zinc contents of the 3D printed calcium, iron and zinc nutritionally fortified rice after cooking and after in vitro digestion for the product prepared in Example 6.

[0191] (1) Use a vernier caliper to measure the length, width, and height of the 3D-printed rice products, corresponding to the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis of the model respectively. The closer the sample is to the model, the smaller the printing deviation amount, and the higher the printing accuracy. The printing accuracy is expressed by the deviation amount. The calculation of the printing deviation amount is shown in Equation (1). Place the printed sample at room temperature for 2 h, and then use a vernier caliper to measure the length, width, and height of the sample to observe the printing stability. The calculation of the printing stability is shown in Equation (2). The experimental results are shown in Figures 1-5 。

[0192]

[0193] In the formula, Hs, Ls, and Ds represent the length, width, and height of the model, in mm; L1, D1, and H1 represent the length, width, and height of the sample just after 3D printing, in mm; L2, D2, and H2 represent the length, width, and height of the sample 2 h after 3D printing, in mm.

[0194] (2) After cooking the 3D-printed calcium, iron, and zinc fortified rice products, cool them to room temperature and then freeze-dry them. The freeze-dried sample is crushed into appropriate particles (passing through a 40-mesh sieve) by a pulverizer.

[0195] (3) Analyze the calcium, iron, and zinc contents (mg / kg) in the sample by ICP-MS. The experimental results are shown in Table 1.

[0196] (4) Conduct a digestibility experiment. The in vitro digestion process is as follows:

[0197] Dissolve the brown rice flour (5 g) in 30 mL of a mixed solution containing 140 mM NaCl and 5 mM KCl, and adjust the pH value to 2 with 1 M HCl. Next, add 0.5 mL of pepsin solution (0.2 g of pepsin dissolved in 5 mL of 0.1 M HCl) to the mixed solution. And oscillate it in a gas bath incubator shaker at 37 °C for 2 h (150 rpm), and maintain the solution pH value at 2 with 1 M HCl. Subsequently, adjust the solution pH value to 5 with 1 M NaHCO3. In the intestinal digestion stage, add 2.5 mL of pancreatin-bile salt solution (0.45 g of bile salt and 0.075 g of pancreatin dissolved in 37.5 mL of 0.1 M NaHCO3) and 40 μL of CaCl2 (0.3 M) to the gastric digestive juice. The reaction solution is oscillated in a gas bath incubator shaker at 37 °C for 2 h (150 rpm), and maintain the pH at 7 with NaOH (1 M). The solution after gastrointestinal digestion is cooled in an ice bath for 10 min. After cooling, centrifuge it at 8000 g at 4 °C for 30 min, and separate the supernatant to analyze the calcium, iron, and zinc contents (mg / kg) of the soluble part by ICP-MS. The calculation formula for the bioaccessibility (%) of calcium, iron, and zinc is shown in Equation (3): The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0198]

[0199] The results are as follows:

[0200] It can be seen from Figure 1 that when the content of the colloid composition is 0%, the sample collapses severely, so the accuracy and stability of the printed rice products are not measured. As the content of the colloid composition increases, the printing deviation generally shows a downward trend, so the printing accuracy generally shows an upward trend; at the same time, the printing stability generally shows an upward trend. However, too much colloid composition in the sample will make it more difficult for the sample to be extruded from the 3D printer, resulting in printing failure. To sum up, when other conditions are the same, when the content of the colloid composition is 0.2%, the printing accuracy and printing stability of the sample are the best.

[0201] It can be seen from Figure 2 that as the rice-to-water ratio increases, the deviation generally shows a downward trend, so the printing accuracy generally shows an upward trend; at the same time, the printing stability generally shows an upward trend. To sum up, when other conditions are the same, when the rice-to-water ratio is 100:100, the printing accuracy and printing stability of the sample are the best.

[0202] It can be seen from Figure 3 that as the filling density increases, the deviation shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, so the printing accuracy shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing; at the same time, the printing stability generally shows an upward trend. To sum up, when other conditions are the same, when the filling density is 90%, the printing accuracy and printing stability of the sample are the best.

[0203] It can be seen from Figure 4 that as the printing speed increases, the deviation generally shows an upward trend, so the printing accuracy shows a downward trend; at the same time, the printing stability generally shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. To sum up, when other conditions are the same, considering the need for higher efficiency in printing samples, when the printing speed is 20 mm / s, the printing accuracy and printing stability of the sample are the best.

[0204] It can be seen from Figure 5 that when the nozzle aperture is 0.60 mm, the material blocks the nozzle aperture due to its large size, resulting in printing failure, so the accuracy and stability of the 3D printed rice products are not measured. As the nozzle aperture increases, the deviation shows an upward trend, so the printing accuracy shows a downward trend; at the same time, the printing stability shows a downward trend. To sum up, when other conditions are the same, when the nozzle aperture is 0.84 mm, the printing accuracy and printing stability of the sample are the best.

[0205] It can be seen from Figure 6It can be seen that by adding different amounts of calcium, iron, and zinc to the samples to prepare 3D printed rice products, compared with S0, the bioaccessibility of S1, S2, and S3 has all increased. The bioaccessibility of calcium in S2, S1, and S3 decreases in turn, and the bioaccessibility of iron and zinc in S1, S2, and S3 decreases in turn. In summary, the bioaccessibility of calcium, iron, and zinc in S1 is relatively large.

[0206] When the nozzle aperture is 0.60 mm, the material is too large in size, resulting in the blockage of the nozzle aperture by the material and the failure of printing. Therefore, the accuracy and stability of 3D printed rice products were not measured. As the nozzle aperture increases, the deviation amount shows an upward trend, so the printing accuracy shows a downward trend; at the same time, the printing stability shows a downward trend. In summary, when other conditions are the same, when the nozzle aperture is 0.84 mm, the printing accuracy and printing stability of the sample are the best.

[0207] Table 1 Calcium, iron, and zinc contents in different 3D printed fortified rice after cooking

[0208]

[0209]

[0210] Table 2 Calcium, iron, and zinc contents in different 3D printed fortified rice after in vitro digestion

[0211]

[0212] The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle described in the present invention, several improvements and refinements can still be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a 3D printed calcium, iron and zinc fortified rice product, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: First step: Crush and sieve broken rice to obtain broken rice flour for standby; Second step: Heat and mix calcium carbonate, ferric sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate trihydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate and a gum composition with water uniformly to obtain a mixed solution; Third step: Add the broken rice flour into the mixed solution and stir evenly to obtain a premix; Fourth step: Load the premix into a special 3D printing cartridge and set the printing parameters for 3D printing of the sample; Fifth step: Use a 3D printer to print and form according to the printing parameters, and obtain the rice product after cooking.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The broken rice is sieved through an 80-mesh sieve after crushing.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The addition amount of the calcium carbonate is 0 - 0.24 g, the addition amount of the ferric sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate trihydrate is 0 - 0.0058 g, and the addition amount of the zinc sulfate heptahydrate is 0 - 0.0053 g.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein: The addition amount of the gum composition is 0 - 0.12 g, and the addition amount of water is 20 - 50 mL.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the second step, the heating temperature is 60 - 80 °C.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the mixed solution to the broken rice flour is (20 - 50) mL : (25 - 30) g.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The printing parameters are: filling density 60% - 100%, printing speed 10 - 30 mm / s, nozzle aperture 0.60 - 2.00 mm.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gum composition includes xanthan gum, locust bean gum and sesame gum.

9. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the xanthan gum, locust bean gum and sesame gum is 2 : (1 - 3) : (0.5 - 1).

10. A 3D printed calcium, iron and zinc fortified rice product, characterized in that: Obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 - 9.

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