Environment-friendly dust faller and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an environment-friendly dust-settling agent and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of dust-settling agent preparation. The environment-friendly dust-settling agent comprises 0.2-0.6% of aldehyde-based polysaccharide, 0.6-0.8% of chitosan, 0.8-1.2% of glycerophosphate sodium, 0.2-1.0% of water-retaining agent and 0.1-0.5% of surfactant, and the rest is water. The raw materials are widely sourced, low in price, environment-friendly and degradable, have the advantages of strong bonding capacity, good water-retaining performance and wetting effect, strong wind erosion resistance and the like. The dust-settling agent is a two-component dust-settling system based on a temperature-sensitive response mechanism. Before spraying, the dust-settling agent is in a low-viscosity state, has good fluidity, permeability and atomization effect, and after spraying, the dust-settling agent is in a low-viscosity state at the beginning, has good fluidity, permeability and atomization effect, and through electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bond and imine bond formed by Schiff base reaction between aldehyde groups and amino groups, a crosslinking network is formed, the viscosity of the dust-settling agent is increased, and thus the dust-settling effect is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of dust suppressant preparation, specifically relating to a novel environmentally friendly dust suppressant and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, dust pollution has become an environmental problem that urgently needs to be addressed. Dust not only poses serious threats to human health, leading to various respiratory diseases, but also affects air quality and damages the ecological environment, especially in sensitive areas (near bridges, municipal buildings, and major transportation routes), where it presents multiple technical challenges. In industrial production, dust is also flammable and explosive, posing significant safety hazards, and it accelerates equipment wear and tear, affecting its service life. Therefore, implementing effective dust control measures has become an essential requirement in various fields such as coal mining, construction, road transportation, ore processing, and port terminals.

[0003] Currently, commonly used dust suppression methods include water spraying and chemical dust suppression. Water spraying reduces dust emissions by wetting the dust surface, and is widely used due to its simple operation and low cost. However, in hot and dry summer environments, traditional water mist dust suppression technology faces a double dilemma: when the ambient temperature exceeds 35°C, the evaporation rate of the atomized water is high, with a water loss rate exceeding 60% within 5 minutes of spraying. This rapid evaporation results in only temporary wetting of the dust surface, failing to effectively agglomerate particles, and instead causing the dust to be re-entrained after the water evaporates. Chemical dust suppression, on the other hand, has significant dust suppression effects and saves water resources, making it the mainstream development direction. Currently, dust suppressants on the market can be mainly divided into several categories: inorganic salts, organic polymers, and surfactants. Inorganic salt dust suppressants, such as calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, have the advantages of low cost and quick effect, but they are prone to crystallization and are highly corrosive to equipment. Organic polymer dust suppressants, such as polyacrylamide, have the characteristics of good durability and environmental friendliness, but their cost is relatively high. Surfactant dust suppressants have good penetration and are used in small amounts, but they have poor stability. Compared with water, organic polymer dust suppressants have higher viscosity, which is beneficial to improve the adhesion and durability of the dust suppressant, but it will reduce its fluidity, penetration and atomization effect. Therefore, an appropriate viscosity value is crucial for the dust suppression effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly novel dust suppressant suitable for dust suppression under high-temperature conditions in summer. The dust suppressant is based on an interpenetrating structure of imine and hydrogen bonds, which has low viscosity at low temperatures and good fluidity and permeability. At high temperatures, it enhances the thermal motion of molecular chains, forming a cross-linked network to improve the adhesion and durability of the dust suppressant.

[0005] The technical solution for achieving the objective of this invention is as follows:

[0006] A novel environmentally friendly dust suppressant comprises, by weight percentage: 0.2%~0.6% aldehyde-modified polysaccharide, 0.6%~0.8% chitosan, 0.8%~1.2% sodium glycerophosphate, 0.2%~1.0% water-retaining agent, 0.1%~0.5% surfactant, with the balance being water;

[0007] The aldehyde-modified polysaccharide has one or more of the following molecular structures: Formula I, Formula II and Formula III:

[0008] , Formula I; Formula II; Formula III; in Formula I, R is at least one of H, Na, K, and alkyl groups.

[0009] Preferably, the chitosan is at least one of hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxyethyl chitosan, and deacetylated chitin, and the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan is not less than 70%.

[0010] Preferably, the water-retaining agent is one or more of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate.

[0011] Preferably, the surfactant is one or more of cocamidopropyl betaine, 3-sulfopropyltetradecyl dimethyl betaine, sodium dioctyl succinate sulfonate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium alkyl sulfonate, and alkyl glycoside.

[0012] Preferably, the molecular structure of Formula I is obtained by oxidizing hyaluronic acid with a Dys-Martin oxidant; and the molecular structure of Formula II is obtained by oxidizing pullulan with a Dys-Martin oxidant.

[0013] Preferably, the method for preparing the molecular structure of Formula III is as follows:

[0014] 1) The reaction of amino groups in chitosan with the epoxy groups of N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(epoxyalkylmethyl)amine;

[0015] 2) The product obtained from the reaction was oxidized by Des Martin oxidant to obtain the molecular structure of formula III.

[0016] This invention also discloses a method for using the novel environmentally friendly dust suppressant: aldehyde-modified polysaccharide, sodium glycerophosphate, and water are mixed to form component A, and chitosan, water-retaining agent, surfactant, and water are mixed to form component B, which is then sprayed using a two-component spraying device.

[0017] Preferably, the dual-component spraying device includes a drive motor, an A-component conveying pipe, a B-component conveying pipe, and an atomizing disc; the A-component conveying pipe and the B-component conveying pipe are respectively connected to the atomizing disc, and the A-component and B-component can be simultaneously input into the atomizing disc through the A-component conveying pipe and the B-component conveying pipe, respectively.

[0018] This invention also protects the application of the above-mentioned environmentally friendly novel dust suppressant in complex geological construction, coal mining, building construction, road transportation and ore processing.

[0019] Beneficial effects

[0020] This invention provides the following beneficial effects: It offers a novel environmentally friendly dust suppressant, using widely available, inexpensive, and biodegradable raw materials. It boasts strong adhesion, good water retention and wetting properties, and excellent resistance to wind erosion. Based on a temperature-sensitive response mechanism, the two-component dust suppressant system exhibits low viscosity before and immediately after spraying, demonstrating good fluidity, penetration, and atomization. After spraying, it forms a cross-linked network through electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and imine bonds formed by the Schiff base reaction of aldehyde and amino groups, increasing its viscosity and thus enhancing the dust suppressant effect. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the synthetic route for the aldehyde-modified polysaccharide of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This invention relates to the crosslinking mechanism of a novel environmentally friendly dust suppressant. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the embodiments are conventional methods, and the materials and reagents used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0025] The raw materials and equipment used in the embodiments and comparative examples are described below:

[0026] Hyaluronic acid: average molecular weight 10,000, purchased from Shanghai E. En Chemical Technology;

[0027] Pullulan: average molecular weight 20,000, purchased from Shanghai Haohong Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0028] Chitosan: Hydroxymethyl chitosan, degree of deacetylation ≥95% (viscosity 50-100 mpa.s), purchased from Shanghai E. En Chemical Technology;

[0029] Sodium glycerophosphate: purchased from Shanghai Dingfen Chemical Technology;

[0030] Water-retaining agent: Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, average molecular weight 90,000 (viscosity 50-100 mPa·s), purchased from Aike Reagent;

[0031] Surfactant: Cocamidopropyl betaine, Guangdong Wengjiang Chemical Reagent;

[0032] Dys-Martin oxidant: purchased from Shanghai E.M. Chemical Technology;

[0033] Diethanolamine: purchased from Aike Reagent;

[0034] Epichlorohydrin: Purchased from Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.;

[0035] N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(epoxyethylenemethyl)amine (self-made): obtained by reacting diethanolamine with epichlorohydrin.

[0036] Aldehyde-modified polysaccharide 1

[0037] Dissolve 2.0 g of hyaluronic acid in 100 mL of DMSO. Slowly add 4.0 g of Des Martin oxidant to the solution and react at 30 °C in the dark for 24 h. Dilute the reaction solution with deionized water and stop the reaction by adding saturated sodium carbonate solution. After centrifugation, remove the solid. Add a mixture of ethanol and acetone to the resulting solution and add it to a flask to precipitate the solid. Wash the solid three times with a mixture of ethanol and acetone and freeze-dry to obtain aldehyde-modified polysaccharide 1.

[0038] Aldehyde-modified polysaccharide 2

[0039] Dissolve 2.0 g of pullulan in 100 mL of DMSO. Slowly add 4.0 g of Des Martin oxidant to the solution and react at 30 °C in the dark for 24 h. Dilute the reaction solution with deionized water and stop the reaction by adding saturated sodium carbonate solution. After centrifugation, remove the solid. Add a mixture of ethanol and acetone to the resulting solution and add it to a flask to precipitate the solid. Wash the solid three times with a mixture of ethanol and acetone and freeze-dry to obtain aldehyde-modified polysaccharide 2.

[0040] Aldehyde-modified polysaccharide 3

[0041] 1) Add 3.0 g of chitosan and 8 g of 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid to a three-necked flask, heat and stir at 80 °C until the chitosan is completely dissolved. Add 4.5 g of N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(epoxyalkylmethyl)amine to the flask and stir at 75 °C for 6 h. Add a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone to the flask to precipitate a solid. Filter the mixed solution to obtain a solid. Wash the solid three times with a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone to remove 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(epoxyalkylmethyl)amine. Dry to obtain modified chitosan.

[0042] 2) Dissolve 2.0 g of modified chitosan in 100 mL of DMSO, slowly add 4.0 g of Des Martin oxidant to the solution, react at 30 °C in the dark for 24 h, dilute the reaction solution with deionized water, add saturated sodium carbonate solution to terminate the reaction, remove the solid after centrifugation, add a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone to the obtained solution, add to a flask to precipitate the solid, wash 3 times with a mixed solution of ethanol and acetone, freeze dry to obtain aldehyde-modified polysaccharide 3.

[0043] A method for using a new type of environmentally friendly dust suppressant

[0044] Aldehyde-modified polysaccharide, sodium glycerophosphate, and water are mixed to form component A, and chitosan, water-retaining agent, surfactant, and water are mixed to form component B. The water in components A and B is of equal volume. The mixture is sprayed using a two-component spraying device.

[0045] Table 1. Formulation of new environmentally friendly dust suppressant (unit / g)

[0046]

[0047] The following are the test methods for performance parameters involved in this invention:

[0048] (1) Surface tension: At 20 °C, the surface tension was measured using an automatic interfacial tension instrument and the ring method.

[0049] (2) Viscosity: The viscosity was determined according to the standard ASTM D445-2024. After the dust suppressant was prepared, the first test was carried out at 25 °C. Then, the dust suppressant was placed at 30 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C for 60 s, 200 s, and 400 s respectively, and the test was carried out again.

[0050] (3) Wind erosion resistance test: Prepare several 20 cm * 20 cm glass plates, and let 20 g of dry dust fall naturally onto the glass plates to form dust piles. Then spray dust suppressant solution onto the dust piles to moisten the dust surface. Place the treated dust sample in a 60 °C oven to dry for 6 h, then take it out and weigh the dust at this time M0. Place the dust pile in front of a fan and blow it for 30 min, and measure the remaining mass M. x The mass loss rate of the dust pile was calculated using equation (1), with the wind speed set to 16 m / s.

[0051] Quality loss rate = Equation (1);

[0052] (4) Water retention performance: The dust suppressant solution was sprayed onto the dust pile and weighed as M1. The sample was dried in an oven at 60 °C for 2 h and weighed as M2. The water content was determined by formula (2).

[0053] Water retention rate = 1 Equation (2).

[0054] Table 2 Physical properties of new environmentally friendly dust suppressants

[0055]

[0056] As shown in Table 2, the environmentally friendly novel dust suppressant prepared in this invention has low surface tension, low viscosity in the initial stage, and good flowability, penetration, and wetting ability. Data from Examples 1-3 shows that with increasing aldehyde polysaccharide content, the initial viscosity increases, and the increase in viscosity over time also increases significantly. Data from Examples 1, 4, and 5 show that at 30 °C, aldehyde polysaccharide 3 exhibits the most significant viscosity increase, followed by aldehyde polysaccharide 2, while aldehyde polysaccharide 1 shows the worst. Aldehyde polysaccharide 1 has the lowest aldehyde group content, and the aldehyde groups are located on the ring, resulting in a larger position and lower reactivity. Aldehyde polysaccharide 3 has the highest aldehyde group content, with two aldehyde groups located outside the ring, exhibiting less steric hindrance and good reactivity even at lower temperatures. Data from Comparative Example 2 shows that adding unaldehyde-modified pullulan only slightly increases viscosity at 40 °C. Therefore, dust suppressants suitable for different temperature ranges can be prepared by adjusting the content and type of aldehyde polysaccharides.

[0057] Table 3. Determination of dust suppression performance of new environmentally friendly dust suppressants

[0058]

[0059] As shown in Table 3, the environmentally friendly novel dust suppressant prepared by this invention has good wind erosion resistance and water retention, and can effectively reduce dust. With the loss of water, the concentrations of aldehyde-modified polysaccharides, chitosan, and sodium glycerophosphate gradually increase, and the cross-linking density gradually increases, forming a hydrogel film. Within a certain range, the greater the water loss, the better its water retention capacity and wind erosion resistance. As shown in the data from Examples 1-3, the water retention rate and wind erosion resistance increase with the increase of aldehyde-modified polysaccharides, which is due to the increase in cross-linking density.

[0060] As can be seen from the above, the environmentally friendly new dust suppressant prepared by the present invention is very suitable for high-temperature environments and also performs well in normal temperature environments.

[0061] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly dust depressant, characterized by comprising a mixture of a water-soluble polymer and a water-soluble inorganic salt. 0.2%~0.6% aldehyde-based polysaccharide, 0.6%~0.8% chitosan, 0.8%~1.2% sodium glycerophosphate, 0.2%~1.0% water-retaining agent, 0.1%~0.5% surfactant, and the balance being water; The aldehyde-based polysaccharide has one or more of the following molecular structures of Formula I and Formula II: , formula I; , formula II; R in formula I is at least one of H, Na, K; The chitosan is hydroxymethyl chitosan with a degree of deacetylation of ≥95% and a viscosity of 50-100 mPa.s; The water-retaining agent is one or more of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and sodium alginate; The surfactant is one or more of cocamidopropyl betaine, 3-sulfopropyl tetradecyl dimethyl betaine, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, sodium alkyl sulfonate, and alkyl glycoside; The Formula I molecular structure is obtained by oxidizing hyaluronic acid with a Dess-Martin oxidant; the Formula II molecular structure is obtained by oxidizing pullulan with a Dess-Martin oxidant; the average molecular weight of the hyaluronic acid is 10000, and the average molecular weight of the pullulan is 20000.

2. The use of the environmentally friendly dust depressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The use method of the environmentally friendly dust-settling agent is as follows: mixing the aldehyde-based polysaccharide, sodium glycerophosphate, and water into A component, mixing the chitosan, water-retaining agent, surfactant, and water into B component, and spraying using a two-component spraying device.

3. The use of the environmentally friendly dust depressant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The two-component spraying device comprises a driving motor, an A component conveying pipe, a B component conveying pipe, and an atomizing disc; the A component conveying pipe and the B component conveying pipe are respectively connected to the atomizing disc, and the A component and the B component are simultaneously input into the atomizing disc through the A component conveying pipe and the B component conveying pipe.

4. The environmentally friendly dust-settling agent of claim 1 is used for dust reduction in complex geological construction, coal mining, building construction, road transportation, and ore processing.

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