Position precision detection method for matrix inclined holes of large part
Through the method of combining high-precision inspection rods and tooling samples with laser trackers, the complex and cost-effective problems of traditional detection methods are solved, and the rapid and accurate detection of inclined holes of large parts is achieved, reducing costs and improving accuracy.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510395542.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-31
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-22
AI Technical Summary
Traditional methods to detect the position accuracy of inclined holes of large parts is complicated, costly and difficult to guarantee. The existing laser detection equipment is costly and has a harsh operating environment.
High-precision inspection rods and tooling samples are used to combine laser trackers to collect the motion trajectory data of the inspection rods in real time, construct a moving line, make tooling samples and compare the accuracy of the position of the inclined holes.
It realizes fast and accurate detection of oblique holes in large parts matrix, reduces inspection costs, and improves accuracy and efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN120351843A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser detection, and specifically to a method for detecting the positional accuracy of matrix inclined holes of large parts. Background Art
[0002] In the field of traditional machine tools, detecting the positional accuracy of inclined holes of large solid parts is a key process. Traditional methods mainly rely on manual measurement and mechanical detection equipment. These methods often require multiple steps of operation, such as using tools like protractors and spirit levels for preliminary measurement, and then precise detection through professional equipment. However, this detection method has obvious deficiencies. For example, the operation is complicated, the skill requirements for operators are high, and the detection cost and time consumption are large. In addition, due to the large size of large parts, it is difficult to ensure accuracy in manual detection and errors are easily generated.
[0003] In view of the above problems, some improved methods have emerged in patent applications in recent years. The following are example patents: A detection system based on laser scanning is adopted, including a laser emitter, a scanning device, and a data processing unit. The laser emitter emits laser light onto the surface of the part, and the scanning device collects the reflected light and transmits it to the data processing unit, thereby calculating the positional accuracy of the inclined hole. Although this method improves the detection accuracy, the cost of laser equipment is high, and the requirements for the operating environment are relatively harsh. Although the above patents have achieved certain results in solving the deficiencies of traditional detection methods, there are still certain limitations. For example, problems such as the accuracy and environmental adaptability of sensors, the cost and operation difficulty of equipment. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a new detection method. By adopting advanced measurement techniques and optimized algorithms, and cooperating with high-precision inspection rods and working templates, it realizes the rapid and accurate detection of the positional accuracy of inclined holes of large solid parts.
[0005] The technical solution for the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A method for detecting the positional accuracy of matrix inclined holes of large parts, including the following steps: S1. Prepare an inspection rod for installing a laser target ball; S2. Insert the inspection rod prepared in step S1 into the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured, and collect the trajectory data of the inspection rod during the movement process in real time through a laser tracker; S3. Construct a straight line L1 of the movement of the laser target ball based on the trajectory data collected in step S2 for analyzing the position and included angle of the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured; S4. Repeat steps S1 to S3 to make a tooling template by determining the position information and included angle of each inclined hole in the same unit of the workpiece to be measured for quickly comparing the position and included angle of each inclined hole in this unit; S5. Fit the tooling template prepared in step S4 onto the workpiece to be measured, so that the inclined holes on the tooling template correspond one to one with the inclined holes in the corresponding units on the workpiece to be measured, and then use a detection rod to detect the position accuracy of the inclined holes on the workpiece to be measured.
[0006] As a further technical solution, in step S1, the rod inspection structure includes an insertion section and an end connected to the insertion section, and the end is magnetically connected to the laser target ball, and the laser beam emitted by the laser tracker is received in real time through the laser target ball.
[0007] As a further technical solution, a magnet with an arc-shaped cross-section is arranged inside the end to achieve magnetic connection with the laser target ball.
[0008] As a further technical solution, the specific steps of step S2 are: inserting the end of the inspection rod away from the laser target ball into the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured, and turning on the laser tracker at the same time, so that the high-frequency laser beam emitted by the laser tracker is irradiated onto the laser target ball, and the laser beam reflected back from the laser target ball is received to detect the trajectory data of the inspection rod when it moves in the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured during the process.
[0009] As a further technical solution, the trajectory data includes: the distance r between the laser target ball and the laser tracker, the horizontal angle θ and the vertical angle ¢ of the laser beam, and the spatial coordinates of the laser target ball are determined by r, θ and ¢.
[0010] As a further technical solution, in step S3, the laser tracker is connected to the electronic device to fit the trajectory data to construct the motion straight line L1 of the laser target ball, so as to accurately reflect the actual motion path of the test rod in the inclined hole.
[0011] As a further technical solution, in step S5, if the inspection rod can be inserted into the inclined hole on the tooling template and the corresponding inclined hole on the workpiece to be tested at the same time, the position accuracy of the inclined hole on the workpiece to be tested meets the requirements, otherwise, reprocessing is required.
[0012] As a further technical solution, in step S5, when reprocessing is required, the inspection rod is inserted into the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured, and the laser tracker is turned on, and steps S2-S4 are repeated to obtain the moving straight line L2 of the laser target ball at this time, and the moving straight line L2 is compared with the moving straight line L1 to obtain the deviation value of the position accuracy of the inclined hole at this location, and the inclined hole is reprocessed according to the deviation value.
[0013] As a further technical solution, in step S3, a median filtering algorithm is used to process the measured trajectory data to obtain the moving straight line L1.
[0014] As a further technical solution, in step S4, the workpiece to be measured is at least divided into one unit according to the position accuracy of the inclined holes, and one unit corresponds to one tooling template for detecting the position accuracy of the inclined holes within the unit.
[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the inspection rod and the prepared working template, combined with the detection technology of the laser tracker, it is possible to quickly evaluate and obtain the position accuracies and included angles of the matrix inclined holes, realizing the efficient and accurate detection of the matrix inclined holes of large parts, reducing the detection cost, shortening the detection time, improving the detection accuracy, and bringing significant economic benefits and technological progress to the machine tool industry. Description of the Drawings
[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the inspection rod of the present invention; Figure 2 It is an enlarged partial structural schematic diagram after longitudinal section on one side of the end of the inspection rod of the present invention.
[0017] In the drawings, the list of components represented by each reference numeral is as follows: Insertion section 1, end 2, laser target ball 3, magnet 4. Detailed Embodiments
[0018] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present application.
[0019] In the description of the present application, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
[0020] In the description of the present application, the term "for example" is used to mean "serving as an example, illustration, or explanation". Any embodiment described as "for example" in the present application is not necessarily construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments. The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to implement and use the present invention. In the following description, details are set forth for purposes of explanation. It should be understood that those of ordinary skill in the art can recognize that the present invention can be implemented without the use of these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and processes are not elaborated in detail to avoid obscuring the description of the present invention with unnecessary details. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but rather is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed in the present application.
[0021] Embodiment 1 A method for detecting the position accuracy of matrix inclined holes of large parts is provided, that is, the position accuracy of grouped inclined holes in large solid parts can be quickly and accurately detected, so as to shorten the detection time, improve the detection accuracy, and reduce the detection cost; Specifically, it includes the steps: S1. Prepare a test bar for installing the laser target ball 3; S2. Insert the test bar prepared in step S1 into the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured, and collect the trajectory data during the movement of the test bar in real time through a laser tracker; S3. Construct a moving straight line L1 of the laser target ball 3 through the trajectory data collected in step S2 for analyzing the position and angle of the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured; S4. Repeat steps S1 to S3 to make a tooling template by determining the position information and angle of each inclined hole in the same unit of the workpiece to be measured, for quickly comparing the position and angle of each inclined hole in the unit; S5. Attach the tooling template prepared in step S4 to the workpiece to be measured, so that the inclined holes on the tooling template correspond one by one to the inclined holes in the corresponding unit on the workpiece to be measured, and then detect the position accuracy of the inclined hole on the workpiece to be measured through the test bar.
[0022] For example, in step S1, the inspection rod structure includes an insertion section 1 and an end 2 connected to the insertion section 1, and the end 2 is magnetically connected to the laser target ball 3, and the laser beam emitted by the laser tracker is received in real time through the laser target ball 3. The specific size of the inspection rod is determined according to actual needs. For example, the size and depth of the inclined hole in the workpiece to be measured can be ∅18, ∅15.5, etc. The insertion section 1 is cylindrical, and the material of the entire inspection rod is stainless steel, such as S32304 material stainless steel, which has sufficient strength and corrosion resistance and wear resistance to ensure that the inspection rod can resist external forces when moving in the inclined hole, thereby avoiding deformation or damage. For example, the laser tracker is a Leica AT930 tracker. The outer diameter of the insertion section 1 is adapted to the inclined hole, so that the insertion section 1 can be inserted into the inclined hole. More specifically, after the insertion section 1 is inserted into the inclined hole, the gap between the outer diameter of the insertion section 1 and the inner diameter of the corresponding inclined hole is controlled within 0.03mm.
[0023] The magnetic attraction between the laser target ball 3 and the end head 2 may be point magnetic attraction or partial magnetic attraction. For example, in point magnetic attraction, the structure with a concave spherical surface is away from the insertion section 1, and at least two magnetic attraction points are provided in the concave spherical surface along its circumferential direction, which are used for magnetic attraction with the laser target ball 3 embedded in the concave spherical surface. For example, three magnetic attraction points are provided, and the spatial triangle formed by the three magnetic attraction points is an equilateral triangle, so as to improve the stability of magnetic attraction to the laser target ball 3. If it is partial magnetic attraction, it can be arc segment magnetic attraction, or the entire area of the laser target ball 3 embedded in the end head 2 is magnetically attracted to the end head 2. Specifically, in this embodiment, in order to enhance the stability of the laser target ball 3 and prevent the inspection rod from falling off during operation, a magnet 4 with an arc segment cross-section is provided in the end head 2 to be magnetically connected to the laser target ball 3. That is, the end head 2 is embedded with an arc segment magnet 4, so that the contact area of the spherical laser target ball 3 and the end head 2 is connected to the magnet 4 therein.
[0024] In the implementation process, since the surface of the laser target sphere 3 has a uniform reflectivity characteristic, the direction of the laser target sphere 3 on the end 2 can be manually pulled and rotated to facilitate receiving the laser beam.
[0025] In the specific implementation process, the specific steps of step S2 are as follows: Insert one end of the inspection rod away from the laser target ball 3 into the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured. At the same time, turn on the laser tracker so that the high-frequency laser beam emitted by the laser tracker irradiates the laser target ball 3 and receives the laser beam reflected from the laser target ball 3 to detect the trajectory data of the inspection rod moving in the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured during this process. For example, start measuring from when the bottom of the insertion section 1 is at the top of the inclined hole until the bottom of the insertion section 1 moves to the bottom of the inclined hole, that is, complete the measurement of the entire depth of the inclined hole. During this process, the laser tracker records the position accuracy information transmitted by the laser target ball 3 in real time. At the same time, the horizontal angle θ and vertical angle φ of the laser beam can be collected through the angle encoder in the laser tracker, which can be used to establish the spatial movement trajectory of the laser target ball 3 in the later stage, and this movement trajectory is the movement trajectory of the insertion section 1, thereby realizing the measurement and grasp of the position accuracy, angle and other information of the measured inclined hole.
[0026] It should be noted that according to actual needs, information collection indicators can be selected.
[0027] For example, the trajectory data includes: the distance r between the laser target ball 3 and the laser tracker, the horizontal angle θ and vertical angle φ of the laser beam, and the spatial coordinates of the laser target ball 3 are determined by r, θ and φ.
[0028] In the specific implementation process, in step S3, connect the laser tracker to an electronic device to fit the trajectory data to construct the movement straight line L1 of the laser target ball 3 to accurately reflect the actual movement path of the inspection rod in the inclined hole. The electronic device is, for example, a computer. Therefore, more specifically, for example, connect the laser tracker to the SA software of the computer to fit the data to construct the movement straight line of the laser target ball 3; the distance r between the laser target ball 3 and the laser tracker can be calculated by detecting the propagation time and phase difference of the laser beam emitted by the laser tracker, which is convenient for later use in evaluating the position accuracy of the inclined hole and calculating the position deviation. It can be known that the inclined hole position information detected at this time is the position information of the inclined hole whose processing accuracy meets the requirements.
[0029] At the same time, the laser tracker can use trigonometric functions to calculate the coordinates of the laser target ball 3 in three-dimensional space. For example, let the coordinate origin of the laser tracker be O and the target point be P(x, y, z). These coordinates are used to fit the movement straight line trajectory through three-dimensional coordinates in the SA software, and x = rsinφcosθ, y = rsinφsinθ, z = rcosφ. The obtained movement straight line can accurately reflect the actual movement path of the inspection rod in the inclined hole, which is convenient for further analyzing the position accuracy and included angle of the inclined hole in the workpiece to be measured later, and then judging whether each inclined hole in the workpiece to be measured meets the processing requirements.
[0030] In the SA software, mainly the numerical simulation and fitting function therein is used to ensure the accuracy of the fitted straight line, but it is not limited to this software, and any software with other numerical simulation and fitting functions meeting this requirement can be used.
[0031] Furthermore, in step S5, if the inspection rod can be inserted into the inclined holes on the tooling template and the corresponding inclined holes on the workpiece to be measured at the same time, the position accuracy of the inclined holes on the workpiece to be measured meets the requirements; otherwise, reprocessing is required. When reprocessing is needed, insert the inspection rod into the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured, and turn on the laser tracker, repeat steps S2 - S4 to obtain the moving straight line L2 of the laser target ball 3 at this time, compare the moving straight line L2 with the moving straight line L1, obtain the deviation value of the position accuracy of the inclined hole at this place, and reprocess the inclined hole according to this deviation value. For example, in step S3, the median filtering algorithm is used to process the measured trajectory data to obtain the moving straight line L1 to improve the accuracy of data analysis and fitting. Because in the inclined hole processing and manufacturing workshop, due to many factors such as the vibration of mechanical equipment in the workshop and the movement of measurement personnel, the measured data contains some discrete abnormal values (such as noise). Therefore, using the median filtering method technology, replace the value of each data point with the median of the data points in its neighborhood. For a set of measured data points (representing the height values of a certain set of cross-sections on the surface of the inclined hole workpiece) such as X1, X2,... Xn, for each data point Xo, take the p data points before and after it (for example, p = 3) to form a window, then sort the data in the window [Xo - p, Xo - p + 1,...., Xo,..... Xo + p - 1, Xo + p], and replace Xo with the sorted median. This can effectively remove those noise points that significantly deviate from the normal data range, make the measured data smoother, and better reflect the true flatness of the surface of the inclined hole workpiece.
[0032] In the specific implementation process, in step S4, the workpiece to be measured is at least divided into one unit according to the position accuracy of the inclined holes, and one unit corresponds to one tooling template, which is used to detect the position accuracy of the inclined holes within the unit.
[0033] For example, there are three units on the workpiece to be measured, and the position accuracy of the inclined holes in each unit is different. Therefore, at this time, 3 tooling templates matching these three units can be set, that is, one tooling template corresponds to one unit, to detect whether the position accuracy of the inclined holes on the workpiece to be measured meets the requirements; during operation, attach the tooling template to the corresponding unit of the workpiece to be measured, then take the inspection rod and randomly select at least two inclined holes, and operate according to steps S1 - S4. By comparing the obtained moving straight line L2 with the corresponding moving straight line L1, if the two coincide, the inclined holes within the unit meet the processing requirements; if they do not coincide, compare the deviation values, such as angle and position accuracy information, and then reprocess the inclined holes within the unit, and repeat the aforementioned measurement work until the position accuracy, angle and other information meet the requirements.
[0034] The real-time method of the present invention can achieve rapid position accuracy detection of matrix inclined holes in large workpieces according to the prepared tooling templates, the fitted motion straight line L1, and the laser tracker, etc. It has high accuracy, stable reliability, and low cost, and is suitable for popularization and use.
[0035] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphases. For the parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.
[0036] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.
[0037] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A method for detecting the position accuracy of inclined holes in a matrix of large parts, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. Prepare a test rod for installing the laser target ball 3; S2. Insert the test rod prepared in step S1 into the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured, and collect the trajectory data during the movement of the test rod in real time through a laser tracker; S3. Construct a moving straight line L1 of the laser target ball 3 based on the trajectory data collected in step S2 for analyzing the position and angle of the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured; S4. Repeat steps S1 to S3 to make a tooling template by determining the position information and angle of each inclined hole in the same unit of the workpiece to be measured, for quickly comparing the positions and angles of each inclined hole in this unit; S5. Attach the tooling template prepared in step S4 to the workpiece to be measured, so that the inclined holes on the tooling template correspond one by one to the inclined holes in the corresponding unit on the workpiece to be measured, and then use the test rod to detect the position accuracy of the inclined hole on the workpiece to be measured.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step S1, the structure of the test rod includes an insertion section 1 and a head 2 connected to the insertion section 1. The head 2 is magnetically connected to the laser target ball 3, and the laser target ball 3 receives the laser beam emitted by the laser tracker in real time.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein A magnet 4 with an arc-shaped cross-section is arranged inside the head 2 for magnetic connection with the laser target ball 3.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The specific steps of step S2 are: insert the end of the test rod away from the laser target ball 3 into the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured, and at the same time turn on the laser tracker, so that the high-frequency laser beam emitted by the laser tracker irradiates on the laser target ball 3 and receives the laser beam reflected from the laser target ball 3 to detect the trajectory data when the test rod moves in the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured during this process.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein The trajectory data includes: the distance r between the laser target ball 3 and the laser tracker, the horizontal angle θ and the vertical angle ¢ of the laser beam, and the spatial coordinates of the laser target ball 3 are determined by r, θ and ¢.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, connect the laser tracker to an electronic device to fit the trajectory data to construct the moving straight line L1 of the laser target ball 3 to accurately reflect the actual movement path of the test rod in the inclined hole.
7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S5, if the test rod can be inserted into the inclined hole on the tooling template and the corresponding inclined hole on the workpiece to be measured at the same time, the position accuracy of the inclined hole on the workpiece to be measured meets the requirements, otherwise, reprocessing is required.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein In step S5, when reprocessing is required, insert the test rod into the inclined hole of the workpiece to be measured, turn on the laser tracker, repeat steps S2 - S4 to obtain the moving straight line L2 of the laser target ball 3 at this time, compare the moving straight line L2 with the moving straight line L1, obtain the deviation value of the position accuracy of the inclined hole at this place, and reprocess the inclined hole according to this deviation value.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step S3, use the median filtering algorithm to process the measured trajectory data to obtain the moving straight line L1.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step S4, the workpiece to be measured is at least divided into one unit according to the position accuracy of the inclined hole, and one unit corresponds to one tooling template for detecting the position accuracy of the inclined hole in this unit.