Measuring instrument management system and measuring instrument quantity transmission / traceability method

Abstract

The invention relates to a measuring instrument and a quantity transmission / tracing method of the measuring instrument. The measuring instrument comprises a local quantity transmission / traceability component, a remote communication component and a central processing component, the local quantity transmission / traceability component and the remote communication component are connected with the central processing component, the local quantity transmission / traceability component is a meter type component, and the measuring instrument obtains a remote high-grade measuring standard from the outside through the remote communication component. The metering level of the remote high-level metering standard is higher than that of the local quantity transmission / traceability component, and the central processing component controls the local quantity transmission / traceability component to meter the remote high-level metering standard. According to the measuring instrument and the remote quantity transmission / tracing method of the measuring instrument provided by the embodiment of the invention, the remote high-level measuring standard is obtained through remote communication, and quantity transmission / tracing is performed on the local quantity transmission / tracing component by using the remote high-level measuring standard, so that the quantity transmission / tracing of the measuring instrument becomes very convenient and simple.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application with application number 201910927662.6, application date September 27, 2019, and invention name “Measuring instrument and remote measurement transmission / traceability method of measuring instrument”. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the field of measurement technology, and in particular to a measuring instrument and a remote measurement transmission / traceability method of the measuring instrument. Background Art

[0003] In this patent application, some terms are defined as follows:

[0004] Volume Value Transmission (Volume Value Transmission) is the activity of transferring the unit value reproduced by the measurement reference or measurement standard to the working measuring instrument through the measurement standards of various levels through the verification or calibration of the measuring instrument, so as to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the measured value.

[0005] Quantity Value Traceability (Traceability) is the property of a measurement result or value of a measurement standard being able to be linked to a specified reference standard (usually a national or international metrology standard) through an unbroken chain of comparisons with specified uncertainties.

[0006] Measurement transmission and traceability are inverse processes: measurement transmission is the process of transferring the measurement values reproduced by the national metrology reference instruments from top to bottom to the metrology standard instruments at each level until the working metrology instruments; while traceability is the process of tracing the measurement values of working metrology instruments or metrology standard instruments to the superior metrology standard instruments until the national metrology reference instruments from bottom to top, and it can be carried out across levels.

[0007] Verification: An activity to find out and confirm whether a measuring instrument meets legal requirements, including inspection, marking and / or issuing a verification certificate. Only measuring instruments that meet the requirements will be issued with a verification certificate and / or marked, which means that the measuring instrument is given legal characteristics. Measuring instruments that do not meet the requirements can only be issued with a verification result notice. Verification is an important means of measurement transmission, including initial verification and subsequent verification.

[0008] First Verification: A series of inspections, markings and / or verification certificates are carried out on measuring instruments before they are used after they are produced. The purpose is to determine whether the metrological performance of newly produced or newly purchased measuring instruments meets the requirements specified during type approval.

[0009] Follow-up Verification: Any verification after the first verification of a measuring instrument, such as mandatory periodic verification (referred to as "compulsory verification" for short), periodic verification within the validity period, verification after repair, etc. Whether it is requested by the user or due to the invalidation of the seal within the validity period for some reason, the verification is a follow-up verification.

[0010] Test: An inspection called (in-use) test is carried out to find out whether the verification mark or verification certificate of a measuring instrument is valid, whether the protection mark is damaged, whether the measuring instrument has been significantly altered after verification, and whether its error exceeds the maximum allowable error in use. Its main purpose is to find out whether the measuring instrument is out of tolerance.

[0011] Compulsory Verification (i.e., "mandatory periodic verification", referred to as "compulsory verification" for short): For the public measurement standards for society, the highest measurement standards used by departments and enterprises and institutions, and the working measuring instruments included in the national compulsory verification catalog for the four aspects of trade settlement, safety protection, medical and health care, and environmental monitoring, the legal metrological verification institutions or authorized metrological technical institutions designated by the metrological administrative departments of the people's governments at or above the county level shall conduct fixed-point and regular verifications. "Fixed-point" means implementing "territorial management", that is, the measuring instruments of enterprises and institutions in a certain administrative region must be sent to the legal metrological verification institutions or authorized metrological technical institutions of the government in their region for verification. "Regular" means that the verification period (or "effective verification time interval") of the measuring instrument must be equal to or less than the verification period (or "effective verification time interval") specified in the national metrological verification regulations.

[0012] First Compulsory Verification: The working measuring instruments such as electricity meters, water meters, gas meters, and heat meters installed and used in residential construction, referred to as the "four civilian meters" for short, must undergo the first compulsory verification before installation and use. However, due to their large quantity and wide distribution and inconvenient installation and disassembly, after the first compulsory verification, no follow-up verification is carried out, but a certain service life is specified, and they are scrapped when they expire, and the corresponding installation positions are replaced with new measuring instruments of the same type. This situation is referred to as "first compulsory verification, rotation when expired".

[0013] Non-mandatory Verification: A verification carried out by the user unit of the measuring instrument itself or entrusted to a metrological verification institution with a public measurement standard for society or authorization in accordance with the law. The verification period and verification method of non-mandatory verification measuring instruments are managed by the enterprise in accordance with the law: both the verification period or the sending unit for verification are independently determined by the enterprise according to the actual use situation of the measuring instrument, based on the principles of science, economy, and accurate quantity value.

[0014] Calibration: It is the main means of traceability and is a set of operations under specified conditions. First, determine the relationship between the quantity value provided by the measurement standard and the corresponding indication value, and then use this information to determine the relationship between the indication value and the measurement result. Here, both the quantity value provided by the measurement standard and the corresponding indication value have measurement uncertainties.

[0015] Comparison: That is, the meaning of comparison and verification. It refers to the process of comparing the quantity values reproduced by the same type of measuring instruments with the same accuracy level or uncertainty range under specified conditions. If the quantity values or technical parameters of the samples used in the comparison are unknown to the comparison participants in advance, we call this kind of comparison a blind sample comparison. The comparison of measuring instruments usually includes method comparison, personnel comparison, equipment comparison, environmental condition comparison between laboratories or enterprises and institutions with the same type of measuring instruments, as well as method comparison, personnel comparison, equipment comparison, environmental condition comparison, etc. within laboratories or enterprises and institutions with the same type of measuring instruments.

[0016] Test (Measurement): It means measurement and test. It is a measurement with test nature and is the combination of measurement and test. Since testing and measurement are closely related, in actual use, the distinction between testing and measurement is often not strict. The basic task of testing is to obtain information about the measured object such as performance and accuracy by means of special measuring instruments, reasonable experimental methods, and necessary signal analysis and data processing. Testing can execute the corresponding clauses in the national metrological verification regulations or calibration specifications, or can also be carried out according to the technical basis recognized by both the consignor and the consignee according to the performance and accuracy requirements of the measured object.

[0017] Intermediate Checks [Run check]: To maintain the credibility of the verification / calibration status of measuring instruments, a check is carried out between two verifications / calibrations of them, including the intermediate check of in-use measuring instruments and the intermediate check of reference standards. The combination of the two is essentially equivalent to the run check in ISO / IEC Guide 25. This kind of check should be carried out according to the specified procedures. Through intermediate checks, the confidence of the laboratory can be enhanced, and the accuracy and reliability of the test data can be guaranteed.

[0018] Measuring Instruments: The main tools for carrying out verification or calibration, generally referring to those measuring devices that can, either alone or together with auxiliary equipment, directly or indirectly measure the measured value of the object to be measured (such as taximeter verification devices, high-frequency microwave power meter calibration devices, etc.), instruments and meters (such as electrocardiogram / electroencephalogram machines, pressure gauges, flow meters, etc.), sensors (sensors equipped with various measuring devices or instruments and meters, various independent input / output sensors, measuring sensors or measuring probes in the negative feedback closed-loop control circuits of various devices), measuring tools (such as gauge blocks, weights, etc.) and reference materials for unifying the measured value (such as carbon monoxide gas reference materials, ultraviolet light transmission ratio standard filter plates). According to the provisions of the "Metrology Law" of the country and relevant regulations on measuring instruments, before use or within its effective verification period or calibration time interval, measuring instruments must be "verified" or "calibrated" by a metrological technical institution with relevant qualifications in accordance with the corresponding metrological verification regulations or calibration specifications. At the same time, within the effective verification period of measuring instruments, the using department of measuring instruments can also, in accordance with the corresponding metrological verification regulations or calibration specifications, conduct in-use inspections on measuring instruments.

[0019] Classified by metrological uses, measuring instruments mainly include three categories: measurement base instruments, measurement standard instruments, and working measuring instruments. Among them:

[0020] 1), Measurement Base Instruments (or "base measuring instruments"): In a specific field, they are measuring instruments with the highest accuracy level of the current era, being both the starting point of quantity transfer and the end point of traceability. Recognized through international agreements, the standard that serves as the basis for assigning values to all other standards of a given quantity internationally is called the international base; officially recognized by the country, the standard that serves as the basis for assigning values to all other standards of a given quantity within the country is called the national base. National measurement base instruments include three categories: national measurement base (main base) measuring instruments, national secondary measurement base measuring instruments, and national working base measuring instruments. The national measurement base is the starting point of quantity transfer in a country and also the end point of traceability in a country, with the highest metrological characteristics in the country; the national secondary measurement base is used to replace the daily use of the national measurement base and verify the changes of the national measurement base. Once the national measurement base is damaged, the national secondary measurement base can be used to replace the national measurement base; the national working measurement base is mainly used to replace the daily use of the national secondary measurement base, verify / calibrate measurement standards, so as to avoid the loss of its due metrological characteristics or damage due to the frequent use of the national secondary measurement base.

[0021] 2) Work Measuring Apparatus (or "Work-use Measuring Apparatus", "Ordinary Measuring Apparatus"): Measuring apparatus used in general daily work or on production (commercial) product lines (including various sensors used at the production site, etc.). Its accuracy level is the lowest, and it is both the end point of quantity transfer and the starting point of traceability. In this patent, the measurement sensors in equipment with negative feedback automatic control functions are also classified as work measuring apparatus.

[0022] 3) Standards of Measurement (or "Standard Measuring Apparatus"): Measuring apparatus with an accuracy level between that of the primary standards of measurement and work measuring apparatus, and in the middle of quantity transfer or traceability. It not only receives the quantity transfer from the primary standards of measurement and transfers it down to the work measuring apparatus, but also accepts the traceability from the work measuring apparatus and is ultimately traced back to the primary standards of measurement by it.

[0023] Measuring apparatus is divided into two categories according to its output or input method: Standard Source category or Standard Instrument category. The technical parameters of its quantity transfer or traceability also have two forms of expression: either the output quantity of the standard source or the input quantity measured by the standard instrument:

[0024] 1) Metrological Device or Instrument: The technical parameters participating in quantity transfer or traceability either serve as the output of the standard source category to calibrate the indication error of the device under calibration or as the standard instrument category to calibrate the indication error of the measured source input to its input port. For example, the American FLUKE 5500A multifunctional calibrator is a source, while the Danish B&K 3560 PULSE multi-analyzer system is both a meter and a source;

[0025] 2) Measurement Apparatus: Generally belongs to the meter category, such as pressure gauges, thermometers, etc.;

[0026] 3) Sensor or Transducer: The input end of the sensor generally belongs to the meter category, such as the input ends of sensors equipped with various metrological devices or instruments, the input ends of various independent sensors, etc. The output end of the sensor generally belongs to the source category (the output ends of sensors equipped with various metrological devices or instruments, the output ends of various independent sensors, etc.);

[0027] 4) Measuring Tool: It can be either in the source category or the meter category. For example, gauge blocks are sources while calipers are meters;

[0028] 5) Standard Substances: Generally belonging to the source category, such as standard pH solutions, etc.

[0029] At present, there are mainly the following four ways of "quantity transfer" or "traceability":

[0030] I. Conducting step-by-step quantity transfer or traceability using physical standards

[0031] This is a traditional way of quantity transfer or traceability, and it is also a commonly used way of quantity transfer or traceability in the fields of measurement such as length, temperature, mechanics, and electricity in China at present. It is implemented by metrological verification / calibration institutions or authorized metrological technical institutions of relevant departments, enterprises, and institutions (hereinafter referred to as "superior metrological verification / calibration institutions"). For "verification", "verification certificates" or "result notices" are issued, and for "calibration", "calibration certificates" are issued and "uncertainty evaluation of measurement results" is given. Its basic steps are as follows:

[0032] 1) The unit to be inspected that needs quantity transfer / traceability transports its measuring instruments to be inspected (generally "measurement standard instruments" or "working measuring instruments") to the superior metrological verification / calibration institution for verification / calibration at regular intervals by manual handling. For measuring instruments that are not convenient to disassemble or transport, technical personnel of the superior metrological verification / calibration institution are invited to the site of the institution that needs quantity transfer / traceability for verification / calibration.

[0033] 2) Technical personnel of the superior metrological verification / calibration institution verify / calibrate the measuring instruments of the unit that needs quantity transfer / traceability in accordance with the national metrological verification system table, metrological verification regulations, or calibration specifications. For verification and qualified verification results, verification certificates are issued, and for unqualified verification results, verification result notices are issued. For calibration, "calibration certificates" are issued and "uncertainty evaluation of measurement results" is given.

[0034] 3) When the unit that needs quantity transfer receives the verification certificate and has a metrological standard assessment certificate, it can carry out quantity value transfer or directly use this measuring instrument for measurement; when the unit that needs quantity transfer receives the verification result notice, it can downgrade or scrap the measuring instrument to be inspected (calibrated). After the unit that needs traceability receives the calibration certificate, it determines whether the calibrated measuring instrument meets its own work requirements according to the calibration results and measurement uncertainty evaluation data.

[0035] II. Conducting quantity transfer or traceability by distributing certified reference materials (CRM)

[0036] Certified reference materials are substances or materials that have highly stable physical, chemical, or metrological characteristics under specified conditions and have been officially approved for use as standards. Its roles in the metrological field are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0037] 1) Analyze the quality simultaneously with the test sample as a "control substance".

[0038] 2) Evaluate the accuracy and reliability of new measurement methods and instruments as a "reference material".

[0039] 3) Evaluate the accuracy and reliability of new measurement methods and instruments as a "known substance".

[0040] Reference materials are generally divided into primary reference materials and secondary reference materials. Primary reference materials are mainly used for calibrating secondary reference materials or verifying / calibrating high-precision measuring instruments, and secondary reference materials are mainly used for verifying / calibrating general measuring instruments.

[0041] This method of quantity transfer or traceability is as follows: Some capable enterprises and institutions are authorized by the state to produce reference materials for verifying / calibrating certain measuring instruments. When an enterprise or institution that needs quantity transfer / traceability has corresponding measuring instruments to be verified / calibrated, it sends its measuring instruments to be tested to the superior metrological verification / calibration institution, or invites the technical personnel of the superior metrological verification / calibration institution to its site, and selects the corresponding reference materials to verify / calibrate the measuring instruments to be tested.

[0042] Enterprises, institutions or metrological verification / calibration technical institutions can purchase corresponding reference materials according to the actual needs of quantity transfer or traceability, and use them as "measurement standards" for verifying / calibrating certain measuring instruments or evaluating measurement methods. Only the measuring instruments that pass the verification or calibration can be used. This method is currently mainly applied in the field of physical and chemical metrology.

[0043] This method is not much different from the first method in operation, and both are operated manually. It just uses "reference materials" instead of the "measurement standard instruments" used in the first method.

[0044] III. Quantity transfer or traceability by transmitting standard signals

[0045] Transmission or traceability of quantities is carried out by broadcasting standard signals through radio stations. Currently, in China, this method is mainly used in the fields of time-frequency or certain radio metrology. Users can directly receive standard signals on-site and calibrate / check corresponding time-frequency or certain radio measuring instruments. Some metrological technical institutions are authorized by the state to broadcast standard time, frequency or standard (TV) format signals. If the measuring instruments to be calibrated / traced are "previously" in the powered-on or receiving state, after the measuring instruments to be calibrated / traced capture and receive the desired standard signals, according to the corresponding verification regulations or calibration specifications, the received standard signals are "calibrated / checked" and corresponding "calibration / verification" data are generated. The unit that needs to transmit / trace the quantity transmits this data back to the superior metrological verification / calibration institution, and the superior metrological verification / calibration institution analyzes and processes this data to obtain the verification error / calibration result of the calibrated measuring instrument, systematic error and measurement random error, uncertainty of the measurement result, etc., and issues a verification certificate (result notice) or calibration certificate.

[0046] IV. Transmission or traceability using the "Measurement Assurance Program System" (MAPS)

[0047] The National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States has developed a new scheme for quantity transmission or traceability of the "Measurement Assurance Program System (MAPS)". Although the specific scheme varies due to different parameters, it is generally as follows: The National Institute of Standards and Technology manufactures a batch of "transfer standards" with a certain accuracy (for example, 10 power seats), and sends two to each subordinate laboratory every year, and at the same time stipulates the measurement method. Each subordinate laboratory measures the received "transfer standards" with its own working standards, and then sends the measurement results together with the "transfer standards" back to the National Institute of Standards and Technology. After data processing, the National Institute of Standards and Technology informs the subordinate laboratories of the systematic error and measurement error, etc. The next year, the National Institute of Standards and Technology replaces another two "transfer standards" for this laboratory and repeats the operation process of the previous year. MAPS adopts a closed-loop quantity transmission or traceability method. During the quantity transmission process, not only the measurement accuracy that the measuring instruments of the subordinate laboratories can achieve is evaluated, but also the technical level of the subordinate measurement personnel and the errors introduced by the working site conditions of the laboratories are evaluated. In China, this method is also applied in some specific on-site verification, calibration, and testing fields, but it is not easy to obtain "transfer standards", and there is repetitive labor, which is time-consuming and laborious, so it has not been widely promoted.

[0048] China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment (CNAS) has launched the "Proficiency Testing Program" or "Measurement Audit" to verify the measurement capabilities of domestic calibration laboratories, requiring each laboratory to conduct blind sample comparisons: that is, the laboratory hosting the blind sample comparison first selects a batch of "samples" with stable performance, measures this batch of "samples" in accordance with the corresponding verification regulations / calibration specifications or comparison specifications, and archives the measurement data. Then, the "samples" with known measurement data are sent to the laboratories being compared, but the relevant measurement data of the samples are kept confidential from the laboratories being compared. Then, the laboratories being compared are required to measure the same samples in accordance with the corresponding verification regulations / calibration specifications or comparison specifications and send the samples and measurement data back to the laboratory hosting the comparison. The laboratory hosting the comparison processes the relevant measurement data to verify the measurement capabilities of the laboratories being compared. Since the relevant data of the comparison samples are not made public before and after the comparison, it is called blind sample comparison. The "Proficiency Testing Program" or "Measurement Audit" scheme launched by CNAS is roughly the same as the quantity transfer or traceability method of MAPS, so it belongs to the same category as the MAPS method.

[0049] Among the first, second, and fourth quantity transfer or traceability methods in the existing quantity transfer or traceability methods, although the measuring instruments, quantity transfer or traceability processes used are different, the substantial content differences are not significant. They are all methods of face-to-face local quantity transfer or traceability using physical standards. For this type of quantity transfer or traceability method, whether the unit seeking quantity transfer or traceability sends its measuring instruments to be verified / calibrated by the superior metrological verification / calibration institution (referred to as sending for inspection), or the unit seeking quantity transfer or traceability invites the technical personnel of the superior metrological verification / calibration institution to its site to verify / calibrate the measuring instruments to be verified (referred to as "on-site inspection"), considering labor productivity, most of its quantity transfer or traceability processes belong to single-piece pure manual production. Coupled with many inconvenient factors in sending for inspection or contacting engineers for on-site inspection, this type of quantity transfer or traceability method has the following problems:

[0050] 1). Almost all processes of quantity transfer or traceability are pure manual operations, not only with high labor costs, but also with too long preparation and operation times, low efficiency, and low timeliness. It takes at least three to five days, at most ten days or even one or two months to complete the quantity transfer or traceability process of a certain measuring instrument, which is very inconsistent with the requirements of real-time and high-efficiency automated, intelligent or smart production in modern society.

[0051] 2). Whether inviting engineers for on-site inspection or sending for inspection manually, etc., it is necessary to manually carry the measuring instruments, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also there are frequent incidents of damage to the measuring instruments caused by manual disassembly, handling, and transportation during the journey.

[0052] 3) The existing quantity transfer method is to transfer from the measurement reference instrument to the measurement standard instruments at all levels and then to the working measurement instruments step by step. The measurement data of each transfer link cannot be timely fed back, so it is impossible to ensure the timeliness, accuracy and reliability of the transfer data of the user laboratory.

[0053] 4) The verification / calibration results of the submitted measurement instruments are obtained under specific environmental conditions in the standard laboratory of the superior measurement technical institution, which often differ greatly from the actual use environmental conditions at the customer site.

[0054] 5) At present, the vast majority of measurement instruments have a fixed verification period or calibration time interval. During this fixed verification period or calibration time interval, some have exceeded the tolerance, while some are still in good performance and qualified. If the measurement instruments that have exceeded the tolerance are not taken down and still transferred downward, it will cause great harm; while re-verifying (calibrating) the measurement instruments with good performance and not exceeding the tolerance will surely waste a lot of manpower and material resources. Therefore, the government's requirement is: rather sacrifice manpower and material resources to ensure that the measurement instruments are submitted for verification according to the fixed verification period or calibration time interval to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the measured value; for those key measurement instruments, it is also required to additionally add an intermediate check (operational check) procedure on-site for the measured (calibrated) measurement instruments within a verification period or calibration time interval of the measurement instrument. Although the intermediate check (operational check) procedure is much simpler in operation than the formal verification or calibration procedure because it only examines the stability of the measurement instrument, due to on-site personnel costs and technical problems, it is basically very difficult to adhere to this intermediate check (operational check) procedure in the long term.

[0055] 6) The comparison "blind samples" of the "transfer standard" of MAPS or the "proficiency testing program" of CNAS are all "physical measuring instruments" or physical standards with stable measured values and easy to carry or transport. Their application limitations are relatively large and can only be used under local or specific conditions. Moreover, when comparing the "blind samples" of the standard transfer of MAPS or the "proficiency testing program" of CNAS, the staff of the superior and subordinate measurement technical institutions need to repeatedly measure the measurement instruments participating in the quantity transfer or traceability many times and transport them back and forth 2 times or more, which is time-consuming and laborious. This method is acceptable for the proficiency testing (or assessment) of the management department or the superior measurement technical institution for relevant (same-level or lower-level) measurement technical institutions, but it does not meet the needs of the periodic quantity transfer or traceability of a large number of measurement instruments, especially working measurement instruments.

[0056] For the above-mentioned third quantity transfer or traceability method of "using transmitted standard signals for quantity transfer or traceability", although it does not require manual handling of measurement instruments, saves transportation costs and shortens the preparation time for submission for inspection, currently this quantity transfer or traceability method:

[0057] 1) It is only suitable for a very small number of cases such as the transmission of time-frequency signals that do not require the use of physical measuring instruments for transmission or traceability, and the transmission path of the signal has little impact on its accuracy (such as "remote time-frequency transfer by GPS satellite common-view method", "remote calibration of time-frequency by femtosecond laser frequency comb"), or the wireless remote quantity transfer or traceability of TV standard format ratio signals, etc. It is difficult to be popularized and applied in other metrology fields.

[0058] 2) The degree of automation in the existing quantity transfer or traceability process is low. Many operation processes such as signal capture, debugging, and stabilization are almost pure manual operations, which are laborious, time-consuming, and effort-consuming. Summary of the Invention

[0059] Based on the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a measuring instrument convenient for quantity transfer / traceability and a remote quantity transfer / traceability method for the measuring instrument.

[0060] An embodiment of the present invention provides a measuring instrument, which includes a local quantity transfer / traceability component, a remote communication component, and a central processing component. The local quantity transfer / traceability component and the remote communication component are connected to the central processing component. The local quantity transfer / traceability component is a meter-type component. The measuring instrument obtains a remote high-level metrological standard from the outside through the remote communication component. The metrological level of the remote high-level metrological standard is higher than that of the local quantity transfer / traceability component. The central processing component controls the local quantity transfer / traceability component to measure the remote high-level metrological standard.

[0061] As a further improvement of the above embodiment, the central processing component also sends the measurement result of the local quantity transfer / traceability component to an external device through the remote communication component.

[0062] As a further improvement of the above embodiment, the signal for the measuring instrument to obtain the remote high-level metrological standard from the outside through the remote communication component is a digital signal or an analog signal. The measuring instrument includes a signal demodulation module for demodulating the signal of the remote high-level metrological standard received by the remote communication component; and / or

[0063] The local quantity transfer / traceability component includes a sensor and a metering module connected to the sensor. The sensor is used to detect the object to be inspected and generate an electrical signal. The metering module is used to measure the electrical signal of the sensor to obtain the measurement result of the object to be inspected. The central processing component makes the metering module measure the electrical signal of the sensor in the first state and makes the metering module measure the remote high-level metrological standard in the second state; and / or

[0064] The measuring instrument is a voltage measuring instrument, a current measuring instrument, a resistance measuring instrument, a capacitance measuring instrument, an inductance measuring instrument, a temperature measuring instrument, a humidity measuring instrument, a weight measuring instrument, a pressure measuring instrument or a liquid level measuring instrument, and the remote high-level measurement standard correspondingly is a voltage measurement standard, a current measurement standard, a resistance measurement standard, a capacitance measurement standard, an inductance measurement standard, a temperature measurement standard, a humidity measurement standard, a weight measurement standard, a pressure measurement standard or a liquid level measurement standard.

[0065] As a further improvement of the above embodiment, the measuring instrument further includes an external connection interface, and the central processing component is further configured to enable an external measuring device connected to the external connection interface to measure the remote high-level measurement standard, receive the measurement result of the external measuring device connected to the external connection interface, and send the measurement result to an external device through the remote communication component.

[0066] As a further improvement of the above embodiment, the measuring instrument further includes a positioning component, the positioning component is connected to the central processing component, and the positioning component is configured to position the measuring instrument and transmit a positioning signal; and / or

[0067] The measuring instrument further includes a local communication component, and the local communication component is connected to the central processing component; and / or

[0068] The measuring instrument further includes an internal storage component, and the internal storage component is connected to the central processing component; and / or

[0069] The measuring instrument further includes a self-checking / calibration component, and the self-checking / calibration component is connected to the central processing component; and / or

[0070] The measuring instrument further includes an environmental parameter detection component, the environmental parameter detection component is connected to the central processing component, and the central processing component is configured to adjust the output result of the local quantity transfer / traceability component according to the detection result of the environmental parameter detection component.

[0071] On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a remote quantity transfer / traceability method for a measuring instrument. The measuring instrument is a meter component, and the remote quantity transfer / traceability method for the measuring instrument includes the following steps:

[0072] Enable the measuring instrument to obtain a remote high-level measurement standard through remote communication, and the measurement level of the remote high-level measurement standard is higher than the measurement level of the measuring instrument;

[0073] Enable the measuring instrument to measure the remote high-level measurement standard;

[0074] Send the measurement result of the measuring instrument to an external device through remote communication.

[0075] As a further improvement of the above embodiment, the remote quantity transfer / traceability method of the measuring instrument further includes the following steps: The external device obtains the quantity transfer / traceability result of the measuring instrument according to the measurement result of the measuring instrument, and generates an inspection certificate or report for the measuring instrument.

[0076] As a further improvement of the above embodiment, the measuring instrument is a voltage measuring instrument, a current measuring instrument, a resistance measuring instrument, a capacitance measuring instrument, an inductance measuring instrument, a temperature measuring instrument, a humidity measuring instrument, a weight measuring instrument, a pressure measuring instrument or a liquid level measuring instrument, and the remote high-level measurement standard correspondingly is a voltage measurement standard, a current measurement standard, a resistance measurement standard, a capacitance measurement standard, an inductance measurement standard, a temperature measurement standard, a humidity measurement standard, a weight measurement standard, a pressure measurement standard or a liquid level measurement standard.

[0077] As a further improvement of the above embodiment, the measuring instrument includes a sensor and a measurement module connected to the sensor. The sensor is used to detect the object to be inspected and generate an electrical signal, and the measurement module is used to measure the electrical signal of the sensor to obtain the measurement result of the object to be inspected;

[0078] In the first state, the measurement module measures the electrical signal of the sensor;

[0079] In the second state, the measurement module measures the remote high-level measurement standard.

[0080] As a further improvement of the above embodiment, after obtaining the remote high-level measurement standard through remote communication, it further includes the step of demodulating the signal of the remote high-level measurement standard, and the measuring instrument measures the remote high-level measurement standard after signal demodulation.

[0081] The measuring instrument and the remote quantity transfer / traceability method of the measuring instrument provided by the embodiments of the present invention obtain the remote high-level measurement standard through remote communication, and use the remote high-level measurement standard to perform quantity transfer / traceability on the local quantity transfer / traceability components, making the quantity transfer / traceability of the measuring instrument very convenient and simple. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0082] Specifically illustrated by the preferred embodiments of the present invention shown in the drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer. The same reference numerals in all the drawings indicate the same parts, and the drawings are not deliberately drawn to actual size and other scales, and the focus is on showing the gist of the present invention.

[0083] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring instrument provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0084] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring instrument management system provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0085] Figure 3 For Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the connection between the measuring instrument management system and the measuring instrument.

[0086] Figure 4 For Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the expert system of the measuring instrument management system.

[0087] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the connection between the measuring instrument and the measuring instrument management system according to another embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0088] To facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the following will provide a more comprehensive description of the present invention with reference to the relevant drawings.

[0089] It should be noted that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element and integrated with it, or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "installed", "one end", "the other end" and similar expressions used in this article are only for the purpose of illustration.

[0090] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this article have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the description of this specification in this article are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used in this article includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0091] Please refer to Figure 1 , the embodiment of the present invention provides a measuring instrument, which includes a local quantity transfer / traceability component 2, a remote communication component 4 and a central processing component 1. The local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 and the remote communication component 4 are connected to the central processing component 1. The local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 is a meter-type component. The measuring instrument can be a thermometer, a voltmeter, an ammeter, a high-performance liquid chromatograph, a photodetector, etc. The so-called meter-type component refers to a component with the characteristics of a standard meter, which has an input component to detect the input quantity provided by the source-type component of this measuring instrument or other measuring instruments. The meter-type component can be a caliper, a sensor, a pressure gauge, a voltage detection circuit, etc.

[0092] The local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 may include an input component. The input component belongs to a standard meter type measuring instrument or a part thereof. From a single-function measuring instrument (such as an indicating meter, a pointer pressure gauge, a universal caliper, etc.) to a measuring receiver with a measuring range, a bandwidth, a modulation format, and an amplitude, the simplicity or complexity embodied in different measuring instruments varies. The input component or the standard meter type measuring instrument generally includes an input conversion / demodulation and matching module, a measuring module (including various measuring sensors), a sampling / holding module, an analog-to-digital conversion module, etc. The single-function measuring instrument is a special case of the standard meter or the input component. As an input component, the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 can be directly connected to the output port of an external device or other measuring instruments, and directly measure the corresponding quantity value input to its input port by the external device or other measuring instruments.

[0093] Many measuring instruments, sensors, measuring tools, reference materials and other four types of measuring instruments are equivalent to output components of the standard source type that directly output standard parameters, such as gauge blocks, weights, standard viscosity liquids, sound calibrators, luminous intensity standard lamps, medical standard radiation sources, standard signal generators, standard time-frequency signals broadcast by radio stations, various attenuators or the output ends of sensors, etc.; or equivalent to input components of the standard meter type that directly measure the measured parameters at their input ports, such as indicating meters, pointer pressure gauges, glass liquid thermometers, rotational viscometers or efflux cup viscometers, various attenuators or the input ends of sensors, etc.; or have both output components of the standard source type and input components of the standard meter type, such as certain standard signal generators, various attenuators or sensors, etc.

[0094] The measuring instrument may further include a human-machine dialogue component 5. Through human-machine dialogue, the measuring instrument can be made to operate according to people's intentions. There are many ways to achieve human-machine dialogue. In addition to remote control, at the site of the measuring instrument to be inspected (calibrated), people input the information to be input into the standard or the measuring instrument to be inspected (calibrated) through input tools such as keyboards, mice, buttons, software and hardware switches, external analog or digital parameters, etc.; the standard or the measuring instrument to be inspected (calibrated) outputs information to people through various output tools (such as LED / LCD digital / dot matrix displays, etc.), voice prompters, sound and light prompt alarms, etc., or outputs information in the form of external analog or digital parameters, etc., so that people can perceive the reaction of the measuring instrument and the quantity transfer or traceability data, etc.

[0095] The central processing component 1 may include a central processing component such as a CPU or MPU, or a host system built around a CPU or MPU, including hardware or software. After the measuring instrument has the central processing component 1, people can freely control the measuring instrument through programming to make it operate according to people's wishes. The central processing component 1 can control the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2, the remote communication component 4, etc. through an internal protocol. The internal protocol generally refers to all protocols that enable mutual communication or connection within the same measuring instrument or the same system, including: part or all of the human-computer interaction protocol, the software / hardware (interface) protocol, the chip bus (C-Bus) protocol, the internal bus (I-Bus) protocol, etc. With the development of integrated circuit technology, some that belong to the external bus (E-Bus) protocol also belong to the internal protocol after being integrated into the chip with the external bus (E-Bus).

[0096] The types and structures of the remote communication component 4 are diverse. For example, it can be a WiFi module, a 3G module, a 4G module, a 5G module, etc. It uses the resources of the linked network 12 to form a network and provides remote communication or remote control functions. The linked network 12 generally refers to general or dedicated networks such as public social, enterprise internal, and home networks. Common linked networks 12 include wired networks, wireless networks, satellite networks, etc. It can be composed of one of the three, or a combination of two or all three of them to form a network. The network interfaces and protocols included in the remote communication component 4 can be: satellite network interfaces and protocols, wireless network interfaces and protocols, wired network interfaces and protocols, etc. Satellite network interfaces and protocols include satellite positioning interfaces and protocols, satellite communication interfaces and protocols, etc.; wireless network interfaces and protocols include wireless positioning interfaces and protocols, wireless communication interfaces and protocols, etc.; wired network interfaces and protocols include wired positioning interfaces and protocols, wired communication interfaces and protocols, etc. Common satellite positioning interfaces and protocols, namely GNSS, include but are not limited to: GPS protocol, Beidou protocol, GLONASS protocol, Galileo protocol, etc. A relatively common one is the NMEA-0183 standard protocol, etc.; common wireless positioning interfaces and protocols include but are not limited to: LBS (base station positioning) or MPS (mobile positioning), road sign pole number positioning, etc.; common wired positioning interfaces and protocols include but are not limited to IP address positioning and protocols, etc. Common satellite communication interfaces and protocols include but are not limited to: CCS-IoT, SNB-IoT, SOC, MOZIQC, etc.; common wireless communication interfaces and protocols include but are not limited to: IoT, NB-IoT, WLAN, GPRS, SMS, etc.; common wired communication interfaces and protocols include but are not limited to: ADSL, LAN, FTTX+LAN, 100BaseT LAN, LXI-A / B / C, etc.

[0097] The measuring instrument can obtain a remote high-level measurement standard through the remote communication component 4, and use this remote high-level measurement standard to perform remote quantity transfer / traceability on the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2. The measurement level of the remote high-level measurement standard is higher than that of the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2. That is, the measurement stability of the remote high-level measurement standard is better than or equal to that of the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2. Specifically, the central processing component 1 is connected to the remote high-level standard signal source through the remote communication component 4 and the link network 12, receives and measures the standard signal transmitted by the remote high-level standard signal source, and the central processing component 1 controls the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 to measure the standard signal, thereby performing quantity transfer / traceability on the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2. In a preferred embodiment, the central processing component 1 also sends the measurement result of the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 for the remote high-level measurement standard to an external device through the remote communication component 4, such as a server installed with a measuring instrument management system. This external device can analyze the measurement result to obtain the quantity transfer / traceability result of the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2, or generate an inspection certificate or report for the measuring instrument.

[0098] In some embodiments, the measuring instrument obtains a remote high-level measurement standard through the remote communication component 4, which can be downloading the remote high-level measurement standard that has been converted into a relevant software program module through the remote communication component 4. In other embodiments, for some parameters that cannot be directly transmitted remotely, such as length, weight, etc., these parameters can be first converted into parameters that can be remotely transmitted, such as converted into time-frequency signals transmitted by radio, and then the remote communication component 4 receives the remote high-level standard that has been converted into a time-frequency signal. The local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 should match the form presented by the remote high-level measurement standard and be able to perform quantity transfer / traceability according to this remote high-level standard.

[0099] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring instrument further includes an external connection interface 7. The external connection interface 7 can be connected to the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 and is used to connect to an external measuring device 200. The central processing component 1 can also be used to enable the external measuring device 200 connected to the external connection interface 7 to measure the remote high-level measurement standard obtained through the remote communication component 4, and receive the measurement result of the external measuring device 200 connected to the external connection interface 7. Then, the measurement result of the external measuring device 200 is sent to an external device through the remote communication component 4, and the external device analyzes the measurement result of the external measuring device 200 to obtain the quantity transfer / traceability result of the external measuring device 200. The external device can send the quantity transfer / traceability result of the external measuring device 200 to the measuring instrument through the remote communication component 4 again, and the measuring instrument then transmits the quantity transfer / traceability result of the external measuring device 200 to the external measuring device 200 through the external connection interface 7. The external connection interface 7 is matched with the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 and can be a signal input and / or output interface. For example, it can be a USB interface, a network connection interface, a video / audio signal output plug, a standard source installation platform, etc.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring instrument further includes a positioning component (not shown in the figure) and / or a local communication component 8 and / or an internal storage component 9 and / or a self-check / verification component 11, etc. That is, the measuring instrument includes one or more of the positioning component, the local communication component 8, the internal storage component 9, and the self-check / verification component 11. The positioning component, the local communication component 8, the internal storage component 9, and the self-check / verification component 11 are all connected to the central processing component 1, and the central processing component 1 controls the positioning component, the local communication component 8, the internal storage component 9, and the self-check / verification component 11 through an internal protocol.

[0101] The positioning component is used to position the measuring instrument and transmit the positioning signal through the remote communication component 4 and the link network 12. In some embodiments, the positioning component can be integrated with the remote communication component 4 into the same chip. Currently, the positioning component mainly includes two categories: the base station positioning module for mobile communication and the GNSS positioning module. Their main functions are: first, to determine the geographical location of the measurement sensor installed in the measuring instrument, and second, to provide location-related information services. Base station positioning includes LBS (Location Based Service) positioning or MPS positioning (Mobile Position Services), which is convenient for positioning and has a low cost. As long as the signal differences of the signals received from three base stations can be calculated, the location of the measuring instrument or device can be determined, and it is not affected by weather, high-rise buildings, indoor locations, etc. However, it cannot be accurately positioned in areas without base stations, so there are blind spots in base station positioning. GNSS positioning is Global Navigation Satellite System positioning. Existing positioning systems include GPS, Beidou, GLONASS, Galileo, etc. Its positioning is accurate and there are no blind spots, and the positioning information is easy to be adopted by other systems. However, the GNSS positioning accuracy is easily affected by factors such as climate, signal occlusion degree, and indoor location. GNSS positioning and LBS positioning (or MPS positioning) can be mutually compatible and complementary.

[0102] The internal storage component 9 can be storage devices such as RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, FLASH, magnetic disks, optical discs, etc. In the internal storage component 9, parameters, algorithms, etc. that need to be modified and corrected after processes such as calibration, self-calibration, self-inspection, verification, and calibration of the measuring instrument can be stored, which is convenient for subsequent programs to call at any time. It can also store the measurement data generated when the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 is working normally and the data of the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 for quantity transfer / traceability to external measuring devices 200. It can also store the measurement results of the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 for remote high-level measurement standards or the quantity transfer / traceability data of the measuring instrument. These quantity transfer / traceability data can include quantity transfer or traceability data / results within the effective verification period or calibration time interval, local or remote categories, quantity transfer or traceability categories / moments, quantity transfer or traceability unit names and locations, high-level standard source or table identifiers, etc. These data are generally retained for 5 years or more.

[0103] The local communication component 8 is used for the metering instrument to perform local short-range communication. The main difference between it and the remote communication component 4 is that it can transmit signals to other local external metering devices 200 without passing through the link network 12. The local communication component 8 can be an external communication interface and protocol component for the metering instrument to achieve external communication with the inspected (calibrated) external metering device 200 through a link bus, or it can be a component that uses IR (infrared) or short-range wireless communication technology for communication.

[0104] The link bus generally includes, but is not limited to, three types of buses: chip bus (C-Bus or Chip Bus), internal bus (I-Bus or Internal Bus), and external bus (E-Bus or External Bus). Among them: The chip bus, also known as the component-level bus, is an information transmission path that links various different chips together to form a specific functional module (such as a CPU module) and executes an internal (communication) protocol; The internal bus, also known as the system bus (System Bus) or board-level bus, is an information transmission path between various plugins (modules) in the metering instrument system (such as the transmission path between the CPU module and the memory module or the I / O interface module), and is generally suitable for linking between two or more chips or modules within a product; The external bus, also known as the communication bus, is an information transmission path between various systems of the metering instrument or between the metering instrument system and sensors, other instruments and meters with microcomputer systems, and metering control devices, etc., and is generally suitable for linking between two or more products with a relatively short distance on-site. The bus generally includes three buses with different functions: data bus DB (Data Bus), address bus AB (Address Bus), and control bus CB (Control Bus). The link bus of the local communication component 8 referred to here generally refers to the external bus.

[0105] With the development of integrated circuit technology, the integration level of integrated circuit chips is getting higher and higher, and the differences between on-chip buses, internal buses, and even external buses have become increasingly blurred and difficult to distinguish. Generally speaking, buses such as SPI and IIC buses are called on-chip buses, buses such as FSB, HT, QPI, IIC, SPI, and SCI buses are called internal buses, and buses such as VESA, DB / CB / AB, IBM PC, ISA, EISA, PCI, IIC, MCA, STD, VME, PC / 104, Compact PCI, and PCI-E are called system buses. Buses such as RS-232C / 422A / 423A / 485, GPIB or IEEE-488, M-Bus, VXI-A / B / C / D or IEEE-1155, SPI, PXI / PCI, SCSI, IDE, Centronics, USB, IEEE-1394B, and CAN are called external buses. In addition, buses such as FF, Lonworks, Profibus, CAN, and HART, which are used to solve the communication between field sensors, instruments, and devices or between field instruments, devices and high-level background management systems, are collectively called Fieldbus, etc.

[0106] The link bus only provides a channel for data or information transmission. To ensure reliable transmission of data or information, corresponding bus protocols or standards need to be configured for different buses, such as bus protocols like (Modbus, 100BaseT, USB2.0), etc. Common bus interfaces and protocols include GPIB (IEEE488, etc.) interfaces and protocols, COM interfaces (RS-232 / RS-485, etc.) and protocols, USB interfaces (USB2.0, etc.) and protocols, etc.

[0107] The self-check and calibration component 11 is used to correct / monitor the operation of the measuring instrument in real time to ensure the normal operation of the measuring instrument and the accuracy and reliability of the indicated value. The calibration of simple or key parameters completed by the measuring instrument according to the procedures or processes set by the manufacturer is called calibration, and the above process automatically completed is called self-calibration. The routine normal inspection of each key functional component of itself automatically completed according to the set procedures or processes when powering on is called self-check. The process of setting up a feedback function circuit and program in the machine and notifying the operator of the measured results and feedback information through the sound and light or display circuit or program at any time is called monitoring, and the process of compensating or correcting the monitored object according to the monitoring data or results to make it normal is called monitoring and control. The above processes of self-check, calibration, self-calibration, monitoring, and monitoring and control include both hardware and software and process programs, etc.

[0108] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring instrument further includes an environmental parameter detection component 10. The environmental parameter detection component 10 is connected to the central processing component 1. The central processing component 1 is configured to adjust the output result of the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 according to the detection result of the environmental parameter detection component 10, such as performing temperature compensation, etc. The environmental parameter detection component 10 samples parameters or factors whose indication values of the measuring instrument are greatly affected by environmental conditions. The sampled data is either processed by itself or handed over to the central processing component 1 for processing, so as to eliminate the influence of environmental factors on the indication value of the measuring instrument. Different types of measuring instruments are configured with different types of environmental parameter detection components 10. For example, the indication value of length measuring instruments is greatly affected by temperature, so a temperature sampler or sensor is configured; the indication value of weighing instruments is greatly affected by environmental vibration, so a vibration sampler or sensor is configured; the indication value of electromagnetic measuring instruments is greatly affected by environmental electromagnetic interference, so an environmental electromagnetic interference sampler or sensor is configured; a halogen leak detector must eliminate the influence of environmental noise, so in addition to a sampler or sensor for detecting halogen gas leakage, this instrument also needs to be configured with a sampler or sensor for detecting the remaining halogen gas in the environment, etc.

[0109] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a remote quantity transfer / traceability method for a measuring instrument. The measuring instrument is a meter component. The remote quantity transfer / traceability method for the measuring instrument includes the following steps:

[0110] Enable the measuring instrument to obtain a remote high-level measurement standard through remote communication. The measurement level of the remote high-level measurement standard is higher than that of the measuring instrument;

[0111] Enable the measuring instrument to measure the remote high-level measurement standard;

[0112] Send the measurement result of the measuring instrument to an external device through remote communication.

[0113] In a preferred embodiment, the remote quantity transfer / traceability method for the measuring instrument further includes the following steps: The external device obtains the quantity transfer / traceability result of the measuring instrument according to the measurement result of the measuring instrument, and generates an inspection certificate or report for the measuring instrument.

[0114] For how the above method is specifically executed, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions in the embodiments of the above-mentioned measuring instrument, which will not be elaborated here.

[0115] The measuring instrument and the remote quantity transfer / traceability method for the measuring instrument provided by the embodiments of the present invention obtain a remote high-level measurement standard through remote communication, and use the remote high-level measurement standard to perform quantity transfer / traceability on the local quantity transfer / traceability component, making the quantity transfer / traceability of the measuring instrument very convenient and simple.

[0116] Please refer to Figures 2 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a measuring instrument management system 800, which includes:

[0117] A connection module 81 for making a network connection with the measuring instrument 100;

[0118] A quantity transfer / traceability control module 82 for remotely controlling the measuring instrument 100 to perform quantity transfer / traceability;

[0119] A storage module 83 for recording the quantity transfer / traceability results of the measuring instrument 100.

[0120] The measuring instrument management system 800 may be a software system installed on a computer, for example, it may be installed in the computer of a metrological technical institution. Of course, in some embodiments, the measuring instrument management system 800 may further include a subsystem for installation in the computer of the measuring instrument research and development / production / sales / use department, for guiding and managing the enterprise to research and develop / produce / sell / use measuring instruments, and a subsystem for installation in the government metrological administrative department, for supervising and managing the measuring instruments within its jurisdiction. The connection module 81 may be a module within the software system for connecting the measuring instrument 100 to the measuring instrument management system 800. For example, it may be a module for entering the information of the measuring instrument 100 (including IP address, etc.) into the measuring instrument management system 800 to enable the measuring instrument management system 800 to connect to the measuring instrument 100. The storage module 83 may be embodied as a database for recording quantity transfer / traceability results at the software level, and as a storage device of a computer, such as a hard disk or a cloud server, at the hardware level.

[0121] The quantity transfer / traceability control module 82 is used to remotely control the measuring instrument 100 for quantity transfer / traceability. In some embodiments, the measuring instrument management system 800 controls the measuring instrument 100 to automatically perform quantity transfer / traceability operations. For example, it sends control instructions to the measuring instrument 100 to make the measuring instrument 100 run its own quantity transfer / traceability program for quantity transfer / traceability and feedback the quantity transfer / traceability results to the measuring instrument management system 800. Or if the measuring instrument 100 does not have its own quantity transfer / traceability program and the measuring instrument management system 800 has a quantity transfer / traceability program matching the measuring instrument 100, the measuring instrument management system 800 starts this quantity transfer / traceability program to perform quantity transfer / traceability on the measuring instrument 100 and records the quantity transfer / traceability results of the measuring instrument 100. In other embodiments, the measuring instrument 100 cannot fully automatically perform quantity transfer / traceability operations and relies on the operator of the measuring instrument 100 for auxiliary operations. In this case, the measuring instrument management system 800 can automatically send operation prompts for quantity transfer / traceability to the measuring instrument 100. The operator operates according to the operation prompts. The measuring instrument management system 800 obtains the operation results of each step of the measuring instrument 100 (such as whether the operation of the current step has been completed) and further sends operation prompts for quantity transfer / traceability to the measuring instrument 100 according to the operation results of the measuring instrument 100. In this way, the quantity transfer / traceability operation is carried out step by step with the assistance of the operator until the quantity transfer / traceability operation is completed, and the quantity transfer / traceability results of the measuring instrument 100 are recorded.

[0122] It should be noted that the network connection referred to here can be a wireless network connection or a wired network connection. Specifically, the measuring instrument management system 800 can be network-connected to the measuring instrument 100 through the link network 12. The remote control referred to here means controlling the measuring instrument 100 through the network, without limiting the actual geographical distance between the measuring instrument management system 800 and the measuring instrument 100.

[0123] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring instrument management system 800 further includes a certificate / report generation module 84, which is used to generate an inspection certificate or report for the measuring instrument 100 according to the quantity transfer / traceability results of the measuring instrument 100. When the measured (calibrated) measuring instrument 100 undergoes quantity transfer or traceability, the measuring instrument management system 800 analyzes and processes the data obtained from the quantity transfer / traceability. According to the error limit or acceptance criterion of the corresponding measuring instrument 100, the calculation results of the current error, etc., the quantity transfer or traceability results of the current time can be generated online: if the quantity transfer or traceability results are qualified or meet the technical requirements, the certificate / report template of the relevant measuring instrument 100 can be immediately called to generate a certificate / report corresponding to the measured (calibrated) measuring instrument 100; if the quantity transfer or traceability results are unqualified or do not meet the technical requirements, a result notice is issued, and the abnormal event pre-(alarm) warning program is immediately started, such as downgrading, restricting use or scrapping, etc.

[0124] In a preferred embodiment, the quantity transfer / traceability control module 82 starts a quantity transfer / traceability program matching the measuring instrument 100 according to the characteristics of the measuring instrument 100, and performs quantity transfer / traceability on the measuring instrument 100. Since the measuring instrument management system 800 can manage many different types of measuring instruments 100, and the quantity transfer / traceability methods of different types of measuring instruments 100 are also different. Therefore, the quantity transfer / traceability control module 82 can obtain some characteristics of the measuring instrument 100, such as parameters such as the name of the measuring instrument, the specification model, the technical parameters, the manufacturer and the number, and even the environmental conditions where the measuring instrument 100 is located, the service life, etc., and then select a quantity transfer / traceability program matching it according to these characteristics, execute the quantity transfer / traceability program, and perform quantity transfer / traceability on the measuring instrument 100.

[0125] In a preferred embodiment, the quantity transfer / traceability control module 82 adjusts the quantity transfer / traceability frequency of the measuring instrument 100 according to the stability of the measurement result and / or the error magnitude of the measuring instrument 100. The quantity transfer or traceability of the measuring instruments 100 managed in this measuring instrument management system 800 may no longer set a fixed verification period or calibration time interval. Instead, the measuring instrument management system 800 monitors the measurement data of the measuring instrument 100 at all times, and analyzes these measurement data through an expert system 85 based on artificial intelligence or artificial neural network characteristics such as big data, deep learning, genetic / gene algorithms, and soft computing. For measuring instruments 100 that have no problems, show stable indication values in the long-term operation results, are predicted not to exceed the tolerance or have a very small probability of exceeding the tolerance, the quantity transfer or traceability can be postponed; for measuring instruments 100 whose operation results show unstable indication values, the predicted results may exceed the tolerance or the probability of exceeding the tolerance is relatively large, the quantity transfer or traceability frequency is increased; when the stability of the quantity transfer or traceability cannot be guaranteed even by increasing the frequency for some measuring instruments 100, the measuring instrument management system 800 will prompt for timely scrapping and replacement, and give a warning for immediate replacement; during quantity transfer or traceability processes such as self-inspection, self-calibration, prediction, evaluation, testing, calibration, verification, etc., measuring instruments 100 found to be damaged or with indication values exceeding the tolerance will all be promptly prompted by the measuring instrument management system 800 and warned to be replaced in a timely manner. This enables the measuring instrument management system 800 to not only save a large amount of time, manpower and material resources for the quantity transfer or traceability of the measuring instruments 100 from a technical means, but also ensure that the in-use (online) measuring instruments 100 are all qualified or meet the requirements, without the risk of "running with problems".

[0126] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring instrument management system 800 further includes a coding module 86; the coding module 86 is used to generate a dynamic code for the measuring instrument 100, and the dynamic code at least includes the following coding fields: the current geographical location of the measuring instrument, the quantity transfer / traceability information of the measuring instrument; and / or, the coding module 86 is used to automatically generate a permanent code for the measuring instrument 100. During actual operation, the measuring instrument 100 can have a permanent code and a dynamic code. The permanent code does not change during the entire life cycle of the measuring instrument 100, while the dynamic code can change dynamically as the measuring instrument 100 is used and its location changes. By setting certain rules, the permanent code and the dynamic code of each measuring instrument 100 can be made unique, that is, there will be no coding conflict with other measuring instruments 100. The permanent code can be marked on the internal memory chip of the measuring instrument, the outer shell (outer packaging, outer surface), etc. at a suitable position before the measuring instrument 100 leaves the factory, or in the accompanying documents or files of the measuring instrument, or it can also be generated by the measuring instrument management system 800 for the measuring instrument 100 when the measuring instrument 100 is first connected to the measuring instrument management system 800. In this embodiment, the dynamic code at least includes the following coding fields: the current geographical location of the measuring instrument, the quantity transfer / traceability information of the measuring instrument, that is, the dynamic code contains information such as the current geographical location of the measuring instrument and the quantity transfer / traceability information of the measuring instrument. When the current geographical location of the measuring instrument 100 changes, or after the measuring instrument 100 has undergone quantity transfer / traceability, its dynamic code also changes accordingly. The quantity transfer / traceability information of the measuring instrument can be the time information of the latest quantity transfer / traceability, etc. The initial code of the dynamic code can be marked on the internal memory chip of the measuring instrument, the outer shell (outer packaging, outer surface), etc. at a suitable position before the measuring instrument 100 leaves the factory, or in the accompanying documents or files of the measuring instrument, or it can also be generated by the measuring instrument management system 800 for the measuring instrument 100 when the measuring instrument 100 is first connected to the measuring instrument management system 800. In other embodiments, the dynamic code can further include fields such as the name of the developer / producer, the geographical location of the developer / producer, the naming code of the professional field of the measuring instrument, the production date or time of the measuring instrument, etc. The dynamic code can be recorded in the internal memory chip of the measuring instrument 100.

[0127] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring instrument management system 800 further includes a measuring instrument tracking module 87, which is used to record the geographical location information of the measuring instrument 100. In some embodiments, the measuring instrument 100 is equipped with a positioning device (such as a GNSS positioning circuit and positioning protocol, a GPS positioning module, etc.), and the measuring instrument management system 800 can obtain the geographical location information of the measuring instrument 100. In some other embodiments, the geographical location information of the measuring instrument 100 can be manually input into the measuring instrument management system 800, or the measuring instrument management system 800 can obtain the geographical location information of the measuring instrument 100 by acquiring the dynamic code or network IP address of the measuring instrument 100, etc. By recording the geographical location information of the measuring instrument 100, the measuring instrument management system 800 can obtain real-time tracking and positioning of the measuring instrument 100, can assist in the status analysis and maintenance of the measuring instrument, and can output the distribution and trend analysis of the coverage area of the measuring instrument, etc.

[0128] In some preferred embodiments, the measuring instrument 100 has an in-machine high-grade measurement standard and a local quantity transfer / traceability component 2, and the measuring instrument management system 800 controls the measuring instrument 100 to perform quantity transfer / traceability on the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 using the in-machine high-grade measurement standard. In some other preferred embodiments, the measuring instrument 100 has a remote communication component 4 and a local quantity transfer / traceability component 2, and the measuring instrument management system 800 controls the measuring instrument 100 to obtain a remote high-grade measurement standard from outside the measuring instrument 100 through the remote communication component 4, and use the remote high-grade measurement standard to perform quantity transfer / traceability on the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2. The method of performing quantity transfer / traceability on the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 using the in-machine high-grade measurement standard or the remote high-grade measurement standard has been described in the above embodiments of the measuring instrument, and will not be elaborated here.

[0129] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring instrument management system 800 further includes an expert system 85. The expert system 85 is an artificial intelligence computer program that can apply a large amount of expert knowledge and reasoning methods to solve complex problems in certain specific fields, and belongs to a development branch of artificial intelligence. The research goal of the expert system 85 is to simulate the reasoning thinking process of human experts. Generally, the knowledge and experience of domain experts are stored in a computer in a knowledge expression mode, and the system reasons about the input facts and makes judgments and decisions.

[0130] The expert system 85 consists of the following components: a man-machine interface, a knowledge acquisition mechanism, an inference engine, an interpreter, a knowledge base and its management system, a database and its management system, etc. Most of the basic structure is the knowledge base, the database, and the inference engine. Details are as follows:

[0131] Human - machine interface: It is the interface for the expert system to communicate with users. It is connected to the knowledge acquisition mechanism, inference engine, and interpreter, and is generally composed of a keyboard, a display, and other input / output devices. Through the human - machine interface, users input corresponding knowledge, necessary data, parameters and other information to the system, and answer relevant questions raised by the system. The system then outputs the inference results and relevant explanations to the users.

[0132] Knowledge acquisition mechanism: It is connected to the human - machine interface and the knowledge base. It is the key to the superiority of the knowledge base of the expert system. Through knowledge acquisition, the content in the knowledge base can be expanded and modified, and the automatic learning function can also be realized. The knowledge acquisition is responsible for establishing, modifying, and expanding the knowledge base. It is an important mechanism in the expert system that transfers various specialized knowledge for problem - solving from the minds of human experts or other knowledge sources to the knowledge base. Knowledge acquisition can be manual, or semi - automatic knowledge acquisition methods or automatic knowledge acquisition methods can be adopted.

[0133] Inference engine: It is connected to the human - machine interface, knowledge base, and database, and is the core execution mechanism for implementing problem - solving. It interprets and executes the relevant knowledge in the knowledge base and records the results in the appropriate space of the dynamic library. There are two inference methods: forward inference and backward inference. Forward inference matches from the conditions (antecedents) to the conclusions (consequents), while backward inference first assumes that a conclusion holds and checks whether its conditions are met. The inference engine and the knowledge base are both separated and complementary: the program of the inference engine is independent of the specific knowledge content of the knowledge base, so that modifying the knowledge base does not require changing the inference engine program. However, the problem - solving programs for different knowledge types are compiled according to the characteristics of different knowledge types and corroborate each other.

[0134] Interpreter: It is connected to the human - machine interface and the database, and is used to explain the solving process and answer users' questions. The two most basic questions are "Why" and "How". The interpreter enables users to understand what the program is doing and why it is doing so. To answer the question of "Why" a certain conclusion is obtained, the system usually needs to trace back the inference path saved in the dynamic library in reverse and translate it into a natural - language expression that users can accept. The interpreter can explain the conclusion and the solving process according to users' questions.

[0135] Knowledge base: A collection used to store the domain knowledge required for problem-solving provided by experts. It is the core component of an expert system. The problem-solving process of an expert system simulates the thinking mode of experts through the knowledge in the knowledge base. Therefore, the quality and quantity of the knowledge in the knowledge base determine the quality level of the expert system. The forms of knowledge representation can be diverse, including frames, rules, semantic networks, etc. Generally speaking, the knowledge base in an expert system is independent of the expert system program. Users can improve the performance of the expert system by changing and perfecting the knowledge content in the knowledge base. The construction of the knowledge base requires the cooperation of knowledge engineers and domain experts to organize the knowledge in the minds of domain experts and store it in the knowledge base using systematic knowledge methods. When solving problems, users provide some known data to the system and can obtain conclusions at the expert level from the system.

[0136] The knowledge of the expert system 85 mainly includes three categories: general knowledge, basic measurement knowledge in the measurement field, and professional knowledge of specific measuring instruments, etc.

[0137] General knowledge includes knowledge such as language translators, local conditions and customs at all times and in all countries, common sense of life, ordinary people's thinking habits and mindsets, laws and regulations, ethics and morality, deep learning in artificial intelligence, pattern recognition and modeling, logical reasoning and proof, independent thinking and decision-making, automatic planning and design, genetic (or gene) programming algorithms, neural networks, soft computing, complex systems, etc. When the system knowledge is initially entered, it should at least reach the knowledge learned by ordinary people graduating from a graduate school of science in a university or above, and the evaluation criteria for the knowledge learned by the graduate students of science in this university will change with the adjustment and change of the corresponding teaching syllabus. Then, according to the genetic programming algorithm, the system will conduct in-depth learning until it is improved to the super-first-class expert level.

[0138] The basic measurement knowledge in the measurement field refers to the knowledge that practitioners in the measurement system should know and be able to do, including measurement laws and regulations at home and abroad, verification systems and verification system tables, quantity transfer or traceability algorithms and quantity transfer or traceability block diagrams, mathematical statistics methods, analysis methods for predicting the trend of quantity value changes, uncertainty evaluation methods, adaptive methods, etc., as well as the application and integration of artificial intelligence methods in the measurement field, acceptance criteria or error limits or evaluation methods, corresponding comparison methods, compilations of newspaper and magazine papers, and other relevant information. When the system knowledge is initially entered, it should at least reach the professional skills of a deputy senior engineer or above, and the evaluation criteria for the professional skills of this deputy senior engineer will change with the update of the social skill level. Then, according to the genetic programming algorithm, the system will conduct in-depth learning until it is improved to the super-first-class expert level.

[0139] The professional knowledge of specific measuring instruments refers to the professional knowledge specifically related to a certain specific measuring instrument, including the basic principles related to the measuring instrument, the metrological verification regulations or calibration specifications issued over the years at home and abroad and their publicity materials, which are updated to the latest effective version in a timely manner (the old version is retained for reference, and the new version is used as the operation basis), forming a specific verification system table for a certain measuring instrument according to the general verification system table, forming a specific quantity transfer or traceability block diagram for a certain measuring instrument according to the general quantity transfer or traceability algorithm, a specific uncertainty evaluation report, specific pass / fail criteria, error limits or comparison and evaluation methods, other relevant information such as the compilation of newspaper and magazine papers related to the specific measuring instrument, the original record format or template, the certificate and report format or template, and the operation guidelines for operations such as (automatic) correction / change / prediction / diagnosis / setting / design / planning of data or parameters, etc. When initially entering the system knowledge, it should at least reach the professional skills of a deputy senior engineer or above in this specialty, and the evaluation criteria for the professional skills of the deputy senior engineer will be updated with the update of the social skill level, and then the system will deeply learn according to the genetic programming algorithm until it is improved to the super-first-class expert level.

[0140] Although the knowledge representation forms in artificial intelligence include production rules, frames, semantic networks, etc., the knowledge that is more commonly used in the expert system 85 is production rules. Production rules appear in the form of IF... THEN..., just like the conditional statements in programming languages such as BASIC. What follows IF is the condition (antecedent), and what follows THEN is the conclusion (consequent). Both the condition and the conclusion can be compounded through logical operations AND, OR, and NOT. If the precondition is satisfied, the corresponding action or conclusion will be generated.

[0141] Database: Specifically used to store all the information generated during the operation of the system and the required original data, including the information input by users, the records of the reasoning process, intermediate results, and final conclusions, etc. The database is also called the dynamic library or working memory, and it is a set that reflects the current problem-solving state. The state composed of various facts, propositions, and relationships in the database is both the basis for the inference engine to select knowledge and the source for the interpreter to obtain the reasoning path. Such as the technical parameters, environmental conditions, original records, certificates or reports of the (high-grade) standard instrument required for the quantity transfer or traceability of a certain specific measuring instrument and the object to be inspected (calibrated).

[0142] The work that this expert system 85 finally needs to complete includes planning, designing, monitoring, diagnosing, interpreting, quantity transferring or tracing, predicting, making decisions, teaching, etc. for the whole process of quantity transfer or traceability of the measuring instrument 100.

[0143] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for quantity transfer / traceability of a measuring instrument, which includes the following steps:

[0144] Connect the measuring instrument management system 800 to the measuring instrument 100 through a network;

[0145] The measuring instrument management system 800 remotely controls the measuring instrument 100 to perform quantity transfer / traceability;

[0146] Record the quantity transfer / traceability results of the measuring instrument 100 in the measuring instrument management system 800.

[0147] In a preferred embodiment, the method for quantity transfer / traceability of the measuring instrument further includes the following steps: generating an inspection certificate or report for the measuring instrument 100 according to the quantity transfer / traceability results of the measuring instrument 100.

[0148] In some preferred embodiments, the measuring instrument 100 has a high-grade in-machine measurement standard and a local quantity transfer / traceability component 2, and the measuring instrument management system 800 controls the measuring instrument 100 to perform quantity transfer / traceability on the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 using the high-grade in-machine measurement standard. In other preferred embodiments, the measuring instrument 100 has a remote communication component 4 and a local quantity transfer / traceability component 2, and the measuring instrument management system 800 controls the measuring instrument 100 to obtain a remote high-grade measurement standard from outside the measuring instrument 100 through the remote communication component 4 and perform quantity transfer / traceability on the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 using the remote high-grade measurement standard.

[0149] In a preferred embodiment, the quantity transfer / traceability control module 82 starts a quantity transfer / traceability program matching the measuring instrument 100 according to the characteristics of the measuring instrument 100, and performs quantity transfer / traceability on the measuring instrument 100.

[0150] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring instrument management system 800 adjusts the quantity transfer / traceability frequency of the measuring instrument 100 according to the measurement result stability and / or error magnitude of the measuring instrument 100.

[0151] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring instrument management system 800 controls the measuring instrument 100 to automatically perform quantity transfer / traceability operations; or the measuring instrument management system 800 automatically sends an operation prompt for quantity transfer / traceability to the measuring instrument 100, and further sends an operation prompt for quantity transfer / traceability to the measuring instrument 100 according to the operation results of the measuring instrument 100 until the quantity transfer / traceability operation is completed.

[0152] The specific implementation manner of the above method can refer to the description in the embodiment of the above measuring instrument management system 800, and will not be elaborated here.

[0153] In some preferred embodiments, when the calibration / traceability time interval of the measuring instrument 100 reaches a preset time limit, the measuring instrument management system 800 automatically controls the measuring instrument 100 to perform calibration / traceability. Specifically, for each type of measuring instrument 100, its calibration / traceability time limit can be set. When the length of the usage time of the measuring instrument 100 from the factory time or the last calibration / traceability time reaches the preset time limit (such as half a year or one year), the measuring instrument management system 800 automatically controls the measuring instrument 100 to perform calibration / traceability. The way to perform calibration / traceability can be to make the measuring instrument 100 automatically run the calibration / traceability program, or the measuring instrument management system 800 automatically sends an operation prompt for calibration / traceability to the measuring instrument 100. The operator operates according to the operation prompt, and the measuring instrument management system 800 obtains the operation result of each step of the measuring instrument 100 (such as whether the operation of the current step has been completed), and further sends an operation prompt for calibration / traceability to the measuring instrument 100 according to the operation result of the measuring instrument 100. In this way, the calibration / traceability operation is carried out step by step with the assistance of the operator until the calibration / traceability operation is completed, and the calibration / traceability result of the measuring instrument 100 is recorded.

[0154] In some other preferred embodiments, when the measurement parameters (such as measurement error, number of measurements) of the measuring instrument 100 reach a preset value, the measuring instrument management system 800 automatically controls the measuring instrument 100 to perform calibration / traceability.

[0155] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring instrument 100 has a central processing component 1 and a storage component (such as an internal storage component 9). The calibration / traceability program is stored in the storage component. The measuring instrument management system 800 controls the central processing component 1 to run the calibration / traceability program to perform calibration / traceability on the local calibration / traceability component 2. The way of calibration / traceability has been described in detail in the above embodiments and will not be elaborated here.

[0156] Please refer to Figure 5, in another embodiment of the present invention, the measuring instrument 100 further includes a signal demodulation module 15. The measuring instrument management system 800 correspondingly includes a standard signal generation module 89 and a signal modulation module 88. When starting the quantity transfer / traceability of the measuring instrument 100, the quantity transfer / traceability control module 82 controls the standard signal generation module 89 to generate a remote high-level measurement standard signal corresponding to the measuring instrument 100 according to information such as the type and model of the measuring instrument 100. The remote high-level measurement standard signal can be a digital signal or an analog signal. The signal modulation module 88 modulates the remote high-level measurement standard signal to improve the anti-interference ability of the signal. The modulation methods can include amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation, etc., which will not be elaborated here. The modulated signal is sent out by means of radio waves or a wired network. The measuring instrument 100 can obtain the modulated remote high-level measurement standard signal from the measuring instrument management system 800 through the remote communication component 4. The remote high-level measurement standard signal can be a digital signal or an analog signal, and then the signal demodulation module 15 correspondingly demodulates the remote high-level measurement standard signal. The local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 detects the demodulated remote high-level measurement standard, and then sends the detection result to the measuring instrument management system 800 through the remote communication component 4. The measuring instrument management system 800 can analyze and calculate the indication error of the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 based on the remote high-level measurement standard and the detection result of the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 for the remote high-level measurement standard, that is, obtain the quantity transfer / traceability result of the measuring instrument 100. In some embodiments, a first proportional circuit (not shown in the figure) can also be set in the measuring instrument management system 800 to amplify or reduce the remote high-level measurement standard signal generated by the standard signal generation module 89 proportionally. For example, a voltage standard signal of 100V is reduced to 10V at a ratio of 10:1. Correspondingly, a second proportional circuit corresponding to the first proportional circuit is set in the measuring instrument 100 to reduce or amplify the remote high-level measurement standard signal received by the remote communication component 4 proportionally.

[0157] For some non-electrical quantity measuring instruments (such as pressure gauges, electronic thermometers, etc.), their local quantity transfer / traceability component 2 generally includes a sensor (such as a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, etc.) and a metering module connected to the sensor. The sensor is used to detect the object to be inspected and generate an electrical signal, and the metering module is used to measure the electrical signal of the sensor to obtain the metering result of the object to be inspected. When the measuring instrument 100 is in the normal working state (the first state), the central processing component 1 controls the metering module to measure the electrical signal of the sensor, and the metering result obtained at this time is the metering result of the measuring instrument 100 for the object to be inspected. In the remote quantity transfer / traceability state (the second state), the central processing component 1 controls the metering module to measure the remote high-level metering standard received by the remote communication component 4, so as to perform quantity transfer / traceability on the local quantity transfer / traceability component 2. Specifically, a changeover switch can be set in the measuring instrument 100 to connect the metering module to either the sensor or the remote communication component 4. For this method, since the quantity transfer / traceability bypasses the sensor, it is not easy to obtain the metering error of the sensor, but the metering error of the metering module can still be obtained, which is also a way of quantity transfer / traceability.

[0158] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring instrument 100 is a voltage measuring instrument, a current measuring instrument, a resistance measuring instrument, a capacitance measuring instrument, an inductance measuring instrument, a temperature measuring instrument, a humidity measuring instrument, a weight measuring instrument, a pressure measuring instrument or a liquid level measuring instrument, and the remote high-level metering standard correspondingly is a voltage metering standard, a current metering standard, a resistance metering standard, a capacitance metering standard, an inductance metering standard, a temperature metering standard, a humidity metering standard, a weight metering standard, a pressure metering standard or a liquid level metering standard. The measuring instrument management system 800 can transmit the signals of remote high-level metering standards such as voltage metering standard, current metering standard, resistance metering standard, capacitance metering standard, inductance metering standard, temperature metering standard, humidity metering standard, weight metering standard, pressure metering standard or liquid level metering standard to the measuring instrument 100 by means of radio waves or a wired network. The measuring instrument 100 detects the signals of the remote high-level metering standards and sends the detection results to the measuring instrument management system 800. The measuring instrument management system 800 analyzes and calculates the detection results to obtain the quantity transfer / traceability results of the measuring instrument 100, thereby realizing quantity transfer / traceability.

[0159] For example, when calibrating / tracing a voltmeter with a remote communication component, the metering instrument management system 800 can generate an electrical signal of a specific frequency, i.e., a remote high-level voltage metrology standard. This electrical signal of a specific frequency is equivalent to the metrology standard for 100V voltage. Then, the electrical signal of this remote high-level voltage metrology standard is modulated and sent out through a wireless network or a wired network. After receiving the electrical signal of this remote high-level voltage metrology standard through the remote communication component of the voltmeter, the voltmeter demodulates the electrical signal and then measures the demodulated electrical signal of the remote high-level voltage metrology standard, and sends the measurement result back to the metering instrument management system 800. The metering instrument management system 800 compares the generated remote high-level voltage metrology standard with the measurement result sent back by the voltmeter, can obtain the measurement error of the voltmeter, and generates the calibration / tracing result of this voltmeter. For an electronic thermometer, the metering instrument management system 800 can generate an electrical signal of a specific frequency to serve as the remote high-level temperature metrology standard for the electronic thermometer. After receiving the electrical signal of this remote high-level temperature metrology standard, the electronic thermometer bypasses the temperature sensor and directly measures the electrical signal of this remote high-level temperature metrology standard, and sends the measurement result back to the metering instrument management system 800 for calibration / tracing.

[0160] The metering instrument management system provided by the embodiments of the present invention can remotely calibrate / trace metering instruments through a network, without the need for technicians from a superior metrology institution to go to the location of the metering instrument for calibration / tracing, nor the need to transport the metering instrument to the superior metrology institution for calibration / tracing. Therefore, the calibration / tracing is made more simple and convenient, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved.

[0161] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered to be within the scope described in this specification.

[0162] The above-described embodiments only express the specific implementation manners of the invention, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention patent should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A measuring instrument management system, characterized in that, It includes a connection module, a quantity transfer / traceability control module, a storage module, and an expert system. The quantity transfer / traceability control module is respectively connected to the connection module, the storage module, and the expert system; The connection module is used for network connection with measuring instruments; The quantity transfer / traceability control module is used for remotely controlling measuring instruments for quantity transfer / traceability and starting a quantity transfer / traceability program matching the measuring instrument according to the characteristics of the measuring instrument; The storage module is used for recording the quantity transfer / traceability results of measuring instruments.

2. The measuring instrument management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expert system includes a human-machine interface, a knowledge acquisition mechanism, an inference engine, an interpreter, a knowledge base and its management system, and a database and its management system; The human-machine interface is connected to the knowledge acquisition mechanism, the inference engine, and the interpreter, and is used for the expert system to communicate with users; The knowledge acquisition mechanism is also connected to the knowledge base. The knowledge acquisition mechanism is used for establishing, modifying, and expanding the knowledge base, and the knowledge acquisition mechanism obtains knowledge manually, semi-automatically, or automatically; The inference engine is also connected to the knowledge base and the database. The inference engine interprets and executes the knowledge in the knowledge base and records the results in the database; The interpreter is also connected to the database. The measuring instrument management system backtracks the inference path saved in the database and translates it into a natural language expression acceptable to users. The interpreter explains the conclusion and the solution process according to the user's questions.

3. The measuring instrument management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The expert system includes general knowledge, basic measurement knowledge in the measurement field, and professional knowledge of specific measuring instruments. The expert system solves problems by simulating the thinking mode of experts according to the knowledge in the knowledge base.

4. The measuring instrument management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expert system plans, designs, monitors, diagnoses, interprets, conducts quantity transfer / traceability, predicts, makes decisions, and teaches the whole process of quantity transfer or traceability of measuring instruments.

5. The measuring instrument management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measuring instrument management system also includes a certificate / report production module. The certificate / report production module generates an inspection certificate or report for the measuring instrument according to the quantity transfer / traceability results of the measuring instrument; when the measuring instrument undergoes quantity transfer or traceability, the measuring instrument management system analyzes and processes the data obtained from quantity transfer / traceability, and online generates the quantity transfer or traceability results of the current time according to the error limit or acceptance criterion of the corresponding measuring instrument and the calculation result of the current error.

6. The measuring instrument management system according to claim 1, characterized in that The quantity transfer / traceability control module adjusts the quantity transfer / traceability frequency of the measuring instrument according to the measurement result stability and / or error magnitude of the measuring instrument; the measuring instrument management system monitors the measurement data of the measuring instrument and analyzes the measurement data through the expert system, and increases the quantity transfer or traceability frequency for measuring instruments with unstable indication values, possible out-of-tolerance prediction results, or a large out-of-tolerance probability, and can postpone the quantity transfer or traceability for measuring instruments with stable indication values, predicted non-out-of-tolerance, or a small out-of-tolerance probability.

7. The measuring instrument management system according to claim 1, characterized in that The measuring instrument management system also includes a coding module; The encoding module is used to generate a dynamic code for the measuring instrument, and the dynamic code at least includes the coding fields of the current geographical location of the measuring instrument and the measurement transmission / traceability information of the measuring instrument. When the current geographical location of the measuring instrument changes or the measuring instrument performs measurement transmission / traceability, the dynamic code of the measuring instrument changes accordingly; and / or, The encoding module is used to automatically generate a permanent code for the measuring instrument.

8. The measuring instrument management system according to claim 7, wherein The measuring instrument management system further includes a measuring instrument tracking module, which is used to record the geographical location information of the measuring instrument; The measuring instrument tracking module obtains the positioning device of the measuring instrument to obtain the geographical location information of the measuring instrument, or the measuring instrument tracking module reads the dynamic code or network IP address of the measuring instrument to obtain the geographical location information of the measuring instrument.

9. A method for quantity transfer / traceability of measuring instruments, characterized in that, The measuring instrument management system according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is applied, and the measuring instrument measurement transmission / traceability method comprises the following steps: Step S1: Connecting the measuring instrument management system to the measuring instrument through a network; Step S2: remotely controlling the measuring instrument through the measuring instrument management system to perform measurement transmission / traceability; Step S3: Recording the measurement transmission / traceability results of the measuring instrument in the measuring instrument management system.

10. The method for quantity transfer / traceability of measuring instruments according to claim 9, characterized in that, The measuring instrument includes a central processing unit and a storage unit, wherein the storage unit stores a measurement transmission / traceability program, and the measuring instrument management system controls the central processing unit to run the measurement transmission / traceability program to perform measurement transmission / traceability on the measuring instrument; the measuring instrument also includes a signal demodulation module, and the measuring instrument management system includes a standard signal generation module and a signal modulation module; step S2 also includes the following steps: Step S21: when the measurement transmission / traceability of the measuring instrument is started, the measurement transmission / traceability control module of the measuring instrument management system controls the standard signal generation module to generate a remote high-level measurement standard signal corresponding to the measuring instrument according to the type and model of the measuring instrument; Step S22: the measuring instrument obtains the remote high-level metrology standard signal from the measuring instrument management system through the remote communication component, and demodulates the remote high-level metrology standard signal accordingly through the signal demodulation module, and the measuring instrument detects the demodulated remote high-level metrology standard signal. Step S23: The measuring instrument sends the test result to the measuring instrument management system through the remote communication component. The measuring instrument management system analyzes and calculates the indication error of the measuring instrument based on the remote high-level metrology standard signal and the test result of the measuring instrument on the remote high-level metrology standard, and obtains the measurement transmission / traceability result of the measuring instrument.

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