Biodiversity system suitable for desertification water in winter and construction method of biodiversity system

Abstract

The invention provides a biodiversity system suitable for desertification water in winter and a construction method thereof, which are used for implementing hydrological regulation and control on a target water body, including pumping and dredging and necessary terrain remodeling, so that the depth of the water body is adaptive to the growth of aquatic organisms; submerged plants are constructed in the planting window period, the submerged plants comprise at least three cold-resistant species, cold-resistant species adult plants are planted in a mixed mode, the unit area coverage rate is within a first preset threshold value range, and the proportion of dominant cold-resistant species in the winter planting window period is larger than or equal to 50%; after the plants are planted, a large benthonic animal combination is put, and the total biomass density reaches a second preset threshold value; putting filter-feeding fishes after a preset number of days, wherein the biomass and the interspecific proportion of the filter-feeding fishes meet the regulation and control requirements of the algae in the water body; harvesting and maintaining in the summer growing period; the self-purification capacity of the water body is improved, and the ecological toughness is enhanced, so that the response bottleneck of the prior art to low-temperature stress and pollution impact is broken through, the material cost is reduced, and the stability, the impact resistance and the timeliness of the remediation effect are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of winter desertification water body restoration, and particularly relates to a biodiversity system suitable for winter desertification water bodies and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the intensification of global climate change and desertification, water bodies in arid and semi-arid regions generally face compound degradation problems such as severe winter cold, enrichment of nutrients (such as excessive nitrogen and phosphorus), lack of biodiversity, and fragile ecosystems. Traditional ecological restoration technologies mostly focus on temperate or tropical water bodies, and their technical paths (such as single submerged plant restoration, mechanical aeration, or chemical agents for algae control) have significant limitations in the desertification low-temperature environment:

[0003] 1. Insufficient adaptability of cold-tolerant species: The photosynthetic efficiency of conventional submerged plants (such as Vallisneria natans and Ceratophyllum demersum) drops sharply at low winter temperatures (≤5°C), resulting in a sharp reduction in biomass or even death, unable to form stable primary productivity, and the planting of a single species is easily affected by environmental fluctuations, with poor system stress resistance;

[0004] 2. Ecological chain breakage: Most technologies only rely on plants or microorganisms for purification, ignoring the synergistic regulation of benthic animals and filter-feeding fish, resulting in blocked water body nutrient cycling (such as sediment resuspension and algal blooms), and lacking the design of multi-trophic cascade regulation for plankton-benthos-fish;

[0005] 3. Lack of seasonal maintenance: Existing methods do not design dynamic management strategies for the seasonal characteristics of desertification water bodies (such as high-temperature eutrophication in summer and low-temperature and low metabolism in winter), resulting in the rapid collapse of the restoration system under pollution impacts (such as algal blooms covering plants and depletion of dissolved oxygen).

[0006] In addition, although existing technologies propose the combined use of cold-tolerant plants and microbial agents, they do not solve the problems of low survival rate of winter plant colonization and single biological community structure; another existing technology uses fish for algae control, but does not clarify the biomass threshold and interspecific ratio of filter-feeding fish, which is likely to cause overfeeding of fish and lead to the decline of submerged vegetation.

[0007] The disclosure of the above background art content is only used to assist in understanding the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, and it does not necessarily belong to the prior art of this patent application, nor will it necessarily give technical guidance; without clear evidence indicating that the above content was publicly available before the filing date of this patent application, the above background art should not be used to evaluate the novelty and creativity of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a biodiversity system suitable for winter desertified water bodies and its construction method. Through the optimization of cold-tolerant species combinations, the coordinated configuration of multiple biological groups, and seasonal dynamic regulation, the self-purification ability of the water body is improved and the ecological resilience is strengthened, thereby breaking through the response bottleneck of the existing technology to low-temperature stress and pollution impact. Not only is the material cost reduced, but also the stability, shock resistance, and timeliness of the repair effect are improved.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0010] On the one hand, the present invention provides a construction method for a biodiversity system suitable for winter desertified water bodies, including the following steps:

[0011] S1 Implement hydrological regulation on the target water body, including pumping and dredging and necessary terrain reshaping, so that the water depth is suitable for the growth of aquatic organisms;

[0012] S2 Construct submerged plants during the winter planting window period. The submerged plants include at least three cold-tolerant species. The adult cold-tolerant species are mixed planted, and the coverage rate per unit area is within the range of the first preset threshold. The proportion of the dominant cold-tolerant species during the winter planting window period is ≥50%;

[0013] S3 Release a combination of macrozoobenthos after the plants are established, and the total biomass density reaches the second preset threshold;

[0014] S4 Release filter-feeding fish after a preset number of days, and the biomass and interspecific ratio thereof are adapted to the requirements of water body algae regulation;

[0015] S5 Implement harvesting and maintenance during the summer growth period.

[0016] The present invention proposes a biodiversity system suitable for winter desertified water bodies and its construction method. Through the optimization of cold-tolerant species combinations, the coordinated configuration of multiple biological groups, and seasonal dynamic regulation, the self-purification ability of the water body is improved and the ecological resilience is strengthened, thereby breaking through the response bottleneck of the existing technology to low-temperature stress and pollution impact. Not only is the material cost reduced, but also the stability, shock resistance, and timeliness of the repair effect are improved.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0018] Implement pumping operations on water bodies with inferior Class V water quality. When the thickness of the silt layer > 30 cm, dredging is carried out, and the water depth in the construction area is controlled ≤ 1.5 m. When it exceeds, harmless soil or homologous silt treated by solidification is used for terrain shaping.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, the cold-tolerant species in step S2 include: any one of Myriophyllum verticillatum, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Vallisneria natans. The dominant cold-tolerant species is Myriophyllum verticillatum, and the range of the first preset threshold is 30% - 60%.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the winter planting window period in step S2 is from November to December every year.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, the macrozoobenthos assemblage in step S3 includes: Anodonta woodiana and Bellamya aeruginosa, and the biomass ratio of Anodonta woodiana to Bellamya aeruginosa is 4:3.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, the weight of each Anodonta woodiana is 55 - 65 g, and the weight of each Bellamya aeruginosa is 2 - 4 g.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution, the second preset threshold in step S3 is 210 g / m 2 .

[0024] As a preferred technical solution, step S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0025] After the macrozoobenthos assemblage is put in, water is injected into this area. After 2 - 15 days, filter-feeding fish are put in at a density of 60 g / m in the area where water is injected. When the algae concentration is lower than the threshold, filter-feeding fish are supplementary put in in March of the next year. 2 The filter-feeding fish include: silver carp and bighead carp fry. The body length of the silver carp and bighead carp fry is ≥ 8 cm. The silver carp and bighead carp fry include silver carp fry and bighead carp fry, and the quantity ratio of silver carp fry to bighead carp fry is 3:1.

[0026] On the other hand, a biodiversity system applicable to winter desertified water bodies is constructed according to the method for constructing a biodiversity applicable to winter desertified water bodies described in any one of the above.

[0027] The biodiversity system applicable to winter desertified water bodies and the construction method thereof provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1) The biodiversity system applicable to winter desertified water bodies and the construction method thereof provided by the present invention, through the optimization of cold-tolerant species combinations, the coordinated configuration of multiple biological groups, and seasonal dynamic regulation, realize the improvement of the water body's self-purification ability and the strengthening of ecological resilience, thereby breaking through the response bottleneck of the existing technology to low-temperature stress and pollution impact, not only reducing the material cost, but also improving the stability, impact resistance, and timeliness of the restoration effect;

[0029]

[0030] ​2) Through the pumping dredging and terrain reshaping in step S1, the nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants enriched in the bottom sediment (typical characteristics of inferior type V water bodies) are removed, the secondary pollution caused by the resuspension of the bottom sediment is inhibited, and the water transparency and dissolved oxygen level are improved; at the same time, the water depth (≤1.5 m) is optimized to adapt to the light compensation requirements of submerged plants, laying a physical substrate condition for the subsequent construction of the biological community; the summer harvesting and maintenance in step S5 can remove the nitrogen and phosphorus accumulated by the submerged plants, avoid the release of pollutants after their decay, reduce the risk of eutrophication, and cooperate with the filter-feeding fish in S4 (such as silver carp and bighead carp) to regulate the algal biomass, forming a "plant-animal" linked nutrient balance mechanism, reducing endogenous pollution and enhancing the water self-purification ability; reducing endogenous pollution and enhancing the water self-purification ability;

[0031] In step S2, at least three cold-tolerant submerged plants (the dominant species in winter ≥50%) are mixed and planted to enhance the cold adaptation ability through species complementarity, and at the same time, the risk of the expansion of a single species is inhibited; in step S3, macrozoobenthos are put to promote the decomposition of organic matter in the bottom sediment and the microbial metabolism, forming a "plant-macrozoobenthos" coordinated carbon and nitrogen cycle path; in step S4, the filter-feeding fish are put according to the biomass threshold and the interspecific ratio to accurately regulate the algal density, avoid the decline of submerged vegetation caused by overfeeding, and maintain the multi-trophic balance of plankton-fish-submerged plants; strengthening the synergistic function of biodiversity;

[0032] The whole process design of steps S1-S5 targets the extreme environments of low temperature in winter and high temperature in summer in desertification areas: in winter, cold-tolerant plants are used to construct the primary productivity, and in summer, the plant community structure is adjusted through harvesting and maintenance (such as inhibiting the expansion of the dominant species to less than 50%), avoiding the system collapse caused by the metabolic overload during the high temperature period; the terrain reshaping (step S1) and the harvesting and maintenance (step S5) cooperate to inhibit the bottom sediment disturbance, reduce the water turbidity, ensure the photosynthesis efficiency of submerged plants, and at the same time provide a stable habitat for macrozoobenthos, enhancing the buffer capacity of the system against pollution impacts; adapting to the seasonal and vulnerability characteristics of low temperature desertification water bodies;

[0033] Through the spatial and temporal configuration of multiple biological groups (plants, macrozoobenthos, fish) in steps S2-S4, a closed loop of material cycle is formed to enhance the water self-purification ability and stress resistance; the periodic harvesting and maintenance in step S5 can dynamically adjust the community structure, providing ecological niche space for the subsequent introduction of more species (such as floating-leaved plants and carnivorous fish); through systematic restoration, the desertification water body is upgraded from single treatment to a multi-dimensional coordinated ecological security pattern of "water-biology-substrate"; promoting the long-term stability and expandability of the ecosystem;

[0034] In summary, through the coordinated cooperation of physical regulation, biological community construction, and seasonal maintenance, the present invention solves the problems of low temperature stress in winter, high pollution load, and broken biological chain in desertified water bodies, realizes the synergistic effect of water quality purification, biodiversity improvement, and ecosystem resilience, and provides a popularizable technical paradigm for the restoration of fragile water bodies in arid regions.

[0035] 3) The biodiversity system applicable to winter desertified water bodies and its construction method provided by the present invention provide biological configurations that can be interconnected to form a whole, can survive and function in winter, and maintain the long-term stability of water quality and transparency.

[0036] 4) The biodiversity system applicable to winter desertified water bodies and its construction method provided by the present invention provide multiple interconnected species, directly increase species richness, can directly and rapidly increase biodiversity in degraded water environments, form a stable aquatic ecosystem, endow it with self-regulating ability to cope with environmental change pressures, improve the water environment at the same time, expand the environmental carrying capacity, indirectly promote the reproduction and conservation of original organisms, attract other species to settle, and improve the overall biodiversity level. Specific Embodiments

[0037] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0038] The present invention provides a construction method for a biodiversity system applicable to winter desertified water bodies, comprising the following steps:

[0039] S1 Implement hydrological regulation on the target water body, including pumping and dredging and necessary terrain reshaping, so that the water depth is suitable for the growth of aquatic organisms;

[0040] S2 Construct submerged plants during the winter planting window period. The submerged plants include at least three cold-tolerant species. The adult cold-tolerant species are mixedly planted, and the coverage rate per unit area is within the range of the first preset threshold. The proportion of the dominant cold-tolerant species during the winter planting window period is ≥50%;

[0041] S3 Release a combination of macrozoobenthos after the plants are established, and the total biomass density reaches the second preset threshold;

[0042] S4 Release filter-feeding fish after a preset number of days, and their biomass and interspecific ratio are adapted to the requirements of water body algae regulation;

[0043] S5 Implement harvesting and maintenance during the summer growth period.

[0044] The present invention proposes a biodiversity system applicable to winter desertification water bodies and a construction method thereof. Through the optimization of cold-tolerant species combinations, the coordinated configuration of multiple biological groups, and seasonal dynamic regulation, the self-purification ability of the water body is improved and the ecological resilience is strengthened, thereby breaking through the response bottleneck of the existing technology to low-temperature stress and pollution impact. Not only the material cost is reduced, but also the stability, impact resistance, and timeliness of the repair effect are improved.

[0045] Preferably, step S1 specifically includes the following steps: Implement pumping operations on water bodies with inferior Class V water quality. When the thickness of the silt layer > 30 cm, dredging is carried out, and the water depth in the construction area is controlled ≤ 1.5 m. When it exceeds, harmless soil or homologous silt treated by solidification is used for terrain shaping; Pumping and dredging can remove pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus enriched in the bottom mud (typical characteristics of inferior Class V water bodies), reduce the secondary pollution of the water body caused by the resuspension of the bottom mud, lower the total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations, improve the water quality transparency and dissolved oxygen level. When the thickness of the silt layer > 30 cm, dredging can effectively reduce the pollutant load of the bottom mud (such as when the organic matter content > 5% needs to be treated first), and avoid the release of harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide in the anaerobic environment; Controlling the water depth in the construction area ≤ 1.5 m can ensure that the light intensity required for the photosynthesis of submerged plants penetrates to the bottom layer, promoting the colonization and community expansion of plants. By reshaping the terrain with harmless soil or solidified homologous silt, micro-topography units such as gentle slopes and shoals can be constructed, enhancing the material exchange efficiency at the water body-bottom mud interface, while suppressing the increase in turbidity caused by the resuspension of the bottom mud; The heterogeneous substrate structure formed after terrain shaping can provide diverse habitat spaces for subsequent submerged plants and benthic animals, promoting the formation of biofilms and the microbial degradation function, and strengthening the self-purification ability of the water body; The synergistic effect of water depth control and substrate improvement reduces the risk of inhibiting the metabolic activities of aquatic organisms in winter at low temperatures, creating a low-temperature adaptation environment for cold-tolerant species.

[0046] Preferably, the cold-tolerant species in step S2 include any one of Myriophyllum verticillatum, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Vallisneria natans. The dominant cold-tolerant species is Myriophyllum verticillatum, and the first preset threshold range is 30% - 60%. Myriophyllum verticillatum (dominant species), Ceratophyllum demersum, and Vallisneria natans all have cold tolerance characteristics (e.g., Myriophyllum verticillatum can tolerate water temperatures below 0°C). Their mixed planting enhances the metabolic activity of the system in winter desertified water bodies through species complementarity (such as Vallisneria natans' root system fixing nitrogen and Ceratophyllum demersum quickly absorbing dissolved phosphorus), maintaining the stability of primary productivity. As the dominant species (accounting for ≥50%), the upright stem and leaf structure of Myriophyllum verticillatum can penetrate ice layers or low-transparency water bodies to absorb light energy, cooperating with the creeping leaves of Vallisneria natans to form a three-dimensional light capture network, improving the light energy utilization rate (20% - 30% higher than that of a single species). When the coverage rate of submerged plants per unit area ≥30%, the dissolved oxygen released by their photosynthesis can increase the oxidation-reduction potential of the water body (ORP > 200 mV), inhibiting the release of sediment pollutants driven by anaerobic bacteria. At the same time, the light-shielding effect restricts the photosynthesis space of algae (the algal biomass decreases by 40% - 60%). The upper limit of the coverage rate ≤60% avoids the drastic diurnal fluctuation of dissolved oxygen caused by too high plant density (such as the oxygen consumption for respiration at night > 5 mg / L), reducing the survival stress on fish and benthic animals and maintaining the stability of multiple trophic levels. The preferred dominant cold-tolerant species is Myriophyllum verticillatum. The biomass accumulation rate of Myriophyllum verticillatum is fast (the daily average growth rate in winter > 0.5 g / m 2 ), and the adsorption efficiency of the biofilm on its stem and leaf surface for ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) reaches 60% - 80%, significantly reducing the nitrogen load in the water body. The allelopathic substances secreted by Myriophyllum verticillatum (such as polyphenolic compounds) can inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria (inhibition rate > 50%). At the same time, its stolon propagation characteristics ensure a rapid community recovery after the ice-bound period, enhancing the system's tolerance to extreme temperatures.

[0047] Preferably, the winter planting window period in step S2 is from November to December every year. The temperature in desertified areas is relatively low (0°C - 10°C) from November to December. Planting cold-tolerant submerged plants (such as Myriophyllum verticillatum and Ceratophyllum demersum) at this time can slow down the growth rate of the above-ground part, preferentially promoting root development (the proportion of root biomass increases to more than 60%), and enhancing the plant's tolerance to winter low temperature and drought.

[0048] Preferably, the macrozoobenthos assemblage in step S3 includes: *Anodonta woodiana* and *Bellamya aeruginosa*, and the biomass ratio of *Anodonta woodiana* to *Bellamya aeruginosa* is 4:3; *Anodonta woodiana* (filter-feeding dominant): As a filter-feeding benthos, its high biomass proportion can efficiently filter suspended particulate matter in water bodies (such as algae and organic debris), with a daily average water filtration volume of 5-10 L / individual, significantly reducing turbidity (the reduction rate > 50%) and inhibiting the risk of algal bloom outbreaks; *Bellamya aeruginosa* feeds on organic debris and attached algae on the surface of the bottom sediment, and the biomass proportion is adapted to its slower feeding rate. Through the synergistic action of intestinal digestion and microorganisms, it accelerates the mineralization of organic matter in the bottom sediment; *Anodonta woodiana* promotes the exchange of dissolved oxygen at the sediment-water interface through gill respiration and burrowing behavior, inhibiting the release of phosphorus caused by anaerobic environments; the intensity of snail crawling balance disturbance: The crawling tracks of *Bellamya aeruginosa* form micro-scale bottom sediment turnover zones, which cooperate with mussels to avoid secondary pollution of suspended matter caused by excessive disturbance (the turbidity fluctuation range < 20%), maintaining the stability of water transparency; the biomass ratio of *Anodonta woodiana* to *Bellamya aeruginosa* is preferably 4:3. The 4:3 ratio balances the weights of the filter-feeding and decomposition functions. When a certain species is affected by environmental fluctuations (such as a decrease in the activity of mussels during the low-temperature period), the other group can maintain basic metabolic activity (the system function stability > 75%); the combined action of *Anodonta woodiana* and *Bellamya aeruginosa* can quickly respond to sudden nutrient inputs (such as storm runoff), and through the dual buffering of filter-feeding and bottom sediment retention, resist eutrophication impacts; *Anodonta woodiana* directly removes dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body through filter-feeding (the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate > 25%), while *Bellamya aeruginosa* releases ammonium nitrogen (the NH proportion > 70%) through excretion, promoting the absorption by submerged plants and forming an "animal-plant" nitrogen cycle closed loop; *Anodonta woodiana* filter-feeds on planktonic algae (the reduction rate > 60%), and *Bellamya aeruginosa* removes benthic algal biofilms (the removal rate > 50%). The combined action of the two reduces the total algal biomass by 75% - 90%, which is better than the algal control effect of a single species.

[0049] Preferably, the weight of each *Anodonta woodiana* is 55 - 65 g, and the weight of each *Bellamya aeruginosa* is 2 - 4 g; the weight of each *Anodonta woodiana* is preferably 55 g, 60 g, and 65 g. Due to space limitations and for the sake of brevity, the present invention does not exhaustively list the specific point values included in the range. Larger mussels (60 g / individual) have stronger filter-feeding capabilities. The daily average water filtration volume of a single individual can reach 8 - 12 L, which can efficiently intercept suspended algae (the reduction rate > 60%) and organic particles, quickly improving water transparency. Its larger gill surface area (positively correlated with body weight) can adsorb more microorganisms and particulate matter, forming a biofilm to synergistically degrade pollutants; the smaller individuals of *Bellamya aeruginosa* (3 g / individual) are adapted to high-frequency activities on the surface of the bottom sediment. The daily average scraping area of a single individual reaches 5 - 8 cm, effectively removing attached algae on the leaves of submerged plants (the removal rate > 50%), reducing the inhibition of plant photosynthesis by algae.

[0050] Preferably, in step S3, the second preset threshold is 210 g / m 2 ; The biomass density of 210 g / m 2 can balance the burrowing and crawling activity intensities of benthic animals (such as Anodonta woodiana and Bellamya aeruginosa), preventing the increase in turbidity caused by the re-release of sediment suspended solids (the turbidity fluctuation range < 15%); this threshold limits the number of individuals per unit area, reduces the intra- / inter-species competition for feeding space and dissolved oxygen, and ensures that the survival rate of benthic animals > 90%; The density of 210 g / m 2 adapts to the metabolic requirements of denitrifying bacteria and polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria, enabling the excrement of benthic animals and microorganisms to form a synergistic nitrogen and phosphorus removal network, synergistically reducing nitrogen and phosphorus.

[0051] Preferably, step S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0052] After the release of the macro-benthic animal combination is completed, water is injected into this area. After 2 to 15 days, filter-feeding fish are released at a density of 60 g / m 2 in the area where water is injected. When the algae concentration is lower than the threshold, filter-feeding fish are supplemented in March of the following year; in the short term (after 15 days), filter-feeding fish are released at a density of 60 g / m 2 By precisely controlling the release density (60 g / m 2 ), filter-feeding fish such as silver carp and bighead carp can quickly reduce the biomass of phytoplankton and inhibit the short-term rapid increase in the algae concentration in the water body; filter-feeding fish reduce the oxygen consumption of algae photosynthesis through feeding. Combined with the use of aerators, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is stabilized at 5 - 8 mg / L, avoiding the risk of hypoxia at night; during the filter-feeding process of fish, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in the water body are intercepted (the interception rate of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients > 30%), reducing the risk of eutrophication and creating a low-nutrient environment for the growth of subsequent submerged plants. When the algae concentration is lower than the threshold, filter-feeding fish are supplemented in March of the following year. By supplementing (the density adapts to the algae threshold), the decline of the filter-feeding fish population caused by low winter temperature or fishing is restored, ensuring that the annual fluctuation of the algae biomass is controlled within the safe threshold.

[0053] Preferably, the filter-feeding fish include: silver carp and bighead carp fry, the body length of the silver carp and bighead carp fry ≥ 8 cm, the silver carp and bighead carp fry include: silver carp fry and bighead carp fry, and the quantity ratio of the silver carp fry and the bighead carp fry is 3:1; At the ratio of 3:1, the silver carp and bighead carp combination covers the algae particle size range of 10 - 200 μm, and the algae control efficiency is improved compared with that of a single species; The ratio of 3:1 can avoid the bait competition (such as the exhaustion of algae resources) caused by the too high density of silver carp. At the same time, bighead carp supplement nutrients through the predation of zooplankton, maintaining the population survival rate > 85%; Silver carp occupy the filter-feeding ecological niche of phytoplankton, and bighead carp occupy the predation ecological niche of zooplankton. When the two coexist, the functional redundancy is increased by 50%, enhancing the ability of the system to resist eutrophication shock.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] In November, an ecological treatment was carried out on a small closed pool using the construction method of a biodiversity system applicable to winter desertified water bodies. The overall water quality of the water body has been detected to be inferior to Class V, with a water depth of 1 m and basically no vegetation and fish inside.

[0056] The construction method of a biodiversity system applicable to winter desertified water bodies includes the following steps:

[0057] S1 First, drain the water in the small pool;

[0058] S2 Construct submerged plants in the winter planting window period of November. Mix Myriophyllum verticillatum, with a small amount of Ceratophyllum demersum and mature Vallisneria natans plants, and plant them into the restoration area with a unit area coverage rate of 60%. Among them, the proportion of Myriophyllum verticillatum is 50%, the proportion of Ceratophyllum demersum is 25%, and the proportion of Vallisneria natans is 25%;

[0059] S3 After the submerged plant planting is completed, uniformly put into Sinanodonta woodiana and Bellamya aeruginosa at a stocking density of 210 g / m 2 ; The biomass ratio of the Sinanodonta woodiana to the Bellamya aeruginosa is 4:3. The weight of each Sinanodonta woodiana is 60 g, and the weight of each Bellamya aeruginosa is 3 g;

[0060] S4 After the release of the macrozoobenthos combination is completed, inject water into the area. After standing for 15 days, detect the dissolved oxygen in the water body (not less than 7.5 mg / L), and stock silver carp and bighead carp fry at a stocking density of 60 g / m 2 ; The body length of the silver carp and bighead carp fry is 8 cm, and the number ratio of silver carp fry to bighead carp fry in the silver carp and bighead carp fry is 3:1.

[0061] S5 According to the growth of the aquatic plants, carry out harvesting and maintenance in the summer growth period from June to July.

[0062] According to the above construction method of biodiversity applicable to winter desertified water bodies, a biodiversity system applicable to winter desertified water bodies is constructed. A 30-day time period test is carried out on the biodiversity system applicable to winter desertified water bodies, using the following experimental methods:

[0063] 1. The experimental data test of ammonia nitrogen (mg / L) adopts the portable electrode method: Use an ammonia gas-sensitive electrode to directly measure the concentration of free ammonia in the water sample, which is suitable for on-site rapid detection (response time < 1 minute);

[0064] 2. The experimental data test of total phosphorus (mg / L) adopts the ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method: Under acidic conditions, orthophosphate reacts with ammonium molybdate to form phosphomolybdic heteropolyacid, which is reduced to a blue complex by ascorbic acid, and the absorbance at a wavelength of 700 nm is measured;

[0065] 3. Turbidity (FNU) experimental data test uses a turbidity meter (optical scattering method): by measuring the scattering intensity of incident light by suspended particles in water, it is directly converted into turbidity value (range 0-1000FNU, accuracy ±0.5FNU);

[0066] 4. The experimental data test of dissolved oxygen (mg / L) adopts the membrane electrode method: using an electrode covered with an oxygen permeable membrane, the dissolved oxygen concentration is converted by the current signal generated by oxygen molecules on the electrode surface, and supports detection in low temperature environment (below -5°C);

[0067] 5. The pH experimental data test adopts the glass electrode method: a composite electrode is formed by a pH-sensitive glass electrode and a reference electrode to measure the potential difference of the hydrogen ion activity of the water sample, with a range of 0 to 14 and an accuracy of ±0.01pH.

[0068] The experimental data of testing the biodiversity system suitable for winter desertification water bodies obtained by the method of Example 1 for a period of 30 days are as follows in Table 1;

[0069] Table 1 Experimental data of testing the biodiversity system suitable for winter desertification water bodies obtained by the method of Example 1 for a period of 30 days

[0070] Time / Day Ammonia Nitrogen mg / L Total Phosphorus mg / L Turbidity / FNU Dissolved Oxygen mg / L pH 0 2.264 0.666 36.7 6.7 5.9 3 1.129 0.217 4.88 7.9 6.1 7 0.645 0.119 1.1 9.7 7.8 10 0.361 0.085 1.1 9.9 8.1 14 0.135 0.009 1.08 11.4 8.2 17 0.098 0.007 1.3 12.1 8.2 21 0.059 0.002 1.2 12.5 8.5 25 0.098 0.007 0.86 13.6 8.7 30 0.07 0.002 0.66 15.3 8.9

[0071] From the experimental data in Table 1, we can see that after 30 days of biodiversity construction, the ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus removal rates of the biodiversity system water bodies suitable for winter desertification water bodies reached more than 90%, and the biodiversity system water bodies suitable for winter desertification water bodies changed from turbid to clear and transparent, and the aquatic plants, fish, snails and clams inside successfully survived.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] A large amount of domestic tail water was added to the water body repaired in Example 1 to test the system's resistance to strong exogenous impact. The total nitrogen concentration in the domestic tail water was 30.95 mg / L, and the total phosphorus concentration was 2.89 mg / L. At the same time, the domestic tail water had a high concentration of suspended solids, which could make the water body turbid again. The one-time large-scale addition of domestic tail water simulation is suitable for environmental problems such as large-scale leakage of sewage pipes, direct discharge of breeding tail water, and the influx of source pollution after rainwater scouring.

[0074] The following experimental methods were used to test the biodiversity system of winter desertified water bodies subjected to the impact of a large amount of pollutants for a period of 30 days:

[0075] 1. The total nitrogen (mg / L) experimental data was tested using ultraviolet spectrophotometry: organic nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, etc. in the water sample were converted into nitrates through potassium persulfate oxidation, and the absorbance difference was measured at wavelengths of 220nm and 275nm to calculate the total nitrogen concentration.

[0076] 2. The total phosphorus (mg / L) experimental data was tested using the ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method: after high-temperature digestion of the water sample, orthophosphate reacted with ammonium molybdate to form a blue complex, which was quantitatively analyzed at a wavelength of 700nm, with a detection limit as low as 0.01mg / L.

[0077] 3. Turbidity (FNU) experimental data is tested using a turbidity meter (optical scattering method): by measuring the scattering intensity of incident light by suspended particles in water, it is directly converted into turbidity values (range 0-1000FNU, accuracy ±0.5FNU).

[0078] Example 2 The test data of the biodiversity system of winter desertified water bodies subjected to the impact of a large amount of pollutants for a period of 30 days are as follows:

[0079] Table 1 Experimental data of Example 2 for testing the biodiversity system of winter desertified water bodies subjected to the impact of a large amount of pollutants for a period of 30 days

[0080] Time / Day Total Nitrogen mg / L Total Phosphorus mg / L Turbidity / FNU 0 12.37 0.366 19.8 3 12.229 0.278 1.89 5 12.134 0.198 0.77 7 11.366 0.145 1.09 10 10.572 0.076 9.99 15 9.093 0.052 1.03 20 8.004 0.018 0.66 25 7.507 0.018 0.6 30 6.231 0.014 0.85

[0081] The biodiversity system for winter desertification water bodies was impacted by a large number of pollutants for 30 days, and the total nitrogen removal rate was 49.63%. Although it was finally maintained at about 6 mg / L, it was basically nitrate nitrogen. The ammonia nitrogen concentration was extremely low, only 0.09 mg / L, reducing the toxicity to organisms. The total phosphorus removal rate was 96.17%. The water body can also quickly return to transparency after returbidity, and it can basically be restored to clarity and transparency in 3 to 5 days. The entire ecosystem can still self-regulate and operate. In winter, the Vallisneria in the system goes dormant and some die. Foxtail algae and goldfish algae grow normally, and fish survive normally.

[0082] After 60 days of verification in two embodiments, the biodiversity restoration technology suitable for winter desertified water bodies provided by the present invention has strong resistance to severe cold and pollution. In the face of external pollution shocks, it can effectively reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the water body and restore the water body to transparency. The basic units of the ecosystem grow better, and the water body after restoration has strong ecosystem expandability, especially can accommodate more types and numbers of submerged plants and fish.

[0083] It is understood that the present invention is described by way of some embodiments. Those skilled in the art will know that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Additionally, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all changes or equivalent substitutions that fall within the scope of the claims of this application are included. Additionally, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments that fall within the scope of the claims of this application belong to the scope protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a biodiversity system applicable to winter desertification water bodies, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1 Implement hydrological regulation on the target water body, including pumping and dredging and necessary terrain reshaping, so that the water depth is suitable for the growth of aquatic organisms; S2 Construct submerged plants during the winter planting window period. The submerged plants include at least three cold-tolerant species. The adult cold-tolerant species are mixedly planted, and the coverage rate per unit area is within the range of the first preset threshold. The proportion of the dominant cold-tolerant species during the winter planting window period is ≥50%; S3 Release a combination of macrozoobenthos after the plants are established, and the total biomass density reaches the second preset threshold; S4 Release filter-feeding fish after a preset number of days, and the biomass and interspecies ratio thereof are adapted to the water body algae regulation requirements; S5 Implement harvesting and maintenance during the summer growth period.

2. The method for constructing biodiversity applicable to winter desertification water bodies according to claim 1, wherein Step S1 specifically includes the following steps: Implement pumping operations on the water body with inferior Class V water quality. When the thickness of the silt layer > 30 cm, carry out dredging, and control the water depth in the construction area ≤ 1.5 m. When it exceeds, use harmless soil or homologous silt treated by solidification for terrain shaping.

3. The biodiversity construction method applicable to winter desertification water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cold-tolerant species in step S2 include: any one of Myriophyllum verticillatum, Ceratophyllum demersum, and Vallisneria natans. The dominant cold-tolerant species is Myriophyllum verticillatum, and the range of the first preset threshold is 30% - 60%.

4. The biodiversity construction method applicable to winter desertification water bodies according to claim 3, characterized in that The winter planting window period in step S2 is from November to December every year.

5. The method for constructing biodiversity applicable to winter desertification water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combination of macrozoobenthos in step S3 includes: Anodonta woodiana and Bellamya aeruginosa, and the biomass ratio of Anodonta woodiana to Bellamya aeruginosa is 4:

3.

6. The method for constructing biodiversity applicable to winter desertification water bodies according to claim 5, characterized in that The weight of each Anodonta woodiana is 55 - 65 g, and the weight of each Bellamya aeruginosa is 2 - 4 g.

7. The biodiversity construction method applicable to winter desertification water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S3, the second preset threshold is 210 g / m 2 .

8. The method for constructing biodiversity applicable to winter desertification water bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that Step S4 specifically includes the following steps: After completing the release of the macrofauna assemblage, water is injected into the area. After 2 to 15 days, filter-feeding fish are released in the area where water has been injected at a density of 60 g / m 2 When the algae concentration is lower than the threshold value, filter-feeding fish are additionally released in March of the following year.

9. The method for constructing biodiversity applicable to winter desertification water bodies according to claim 8, characterized in that, The filter-feeding fish include: silver carp and bighead carp fry. The body length of the silver carp and bighead carp fry ≥ 8 cm. The silver carp and bighead carp fry include: silver carp fry and bighead carp fry, and the number ratio of silver carp fry to bighead carp fry is 3:

1.

10. A biodiversity system applicable to desertification water bodies in winter, characterized in that, Constructed and obtained according to the method for constructing biodiversity applicable to winter desertified water bodies described in any one of claims 1 - 9.