Bicycle lamp group control method based on Bluetooth wireless communication

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bicycle lamp group control, and discloses a bicycle lamp group control method based on Bluetooth wireless communication. According to the method, bicycle lamp equipment is scanned and recognized through a Bluetooth protocol, and unique identifiers, states and position data of the bicycle lamp equipment are collected. A dynamic topology management algorithm is utilized to divide logic groups, and each group comprises a master control unit and a slave unit. And establishing a dynamic communication link model according to the equipment position and the motion trend, predicting signal transmission stability and generating a control instruction sequence. And a self-adaptive frequency hopping mechanism is adopted to optimize Bluetooth channel selection, group configuration and control instructions are updated in real time in combination with environmental data, and the brightness mode and flicker frequency of each device are dynamically adjusted. The intelligent degree, communication reliability and lighting safety of bicycle lamp group control are improved, many problems of bicycle lamp control in the prior art are effectively solved, and better use experience is provided for a rider.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of bicycle lamp group control, and specifically to a method for controlling a bicycle lamp group by Bluetooth wireless communication. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of bicycle sports and the increasing demand for night riding, bicycle lights are used more and more widely. In scenarios of group cycling, such as activities organized by cycling clubs, long-distance cycling teams, etc., the demand for collaborative control of bicycle lights is becoming increasingly prominent. Traditional bicycle lights are mostly independently controlled individually, and it is impossible to achieve unified management and coordinated operation of the lights within the group, which brings many inconveniences in actual riding.

[0003] In terms of communication, there was a lack of effective communication means between early bicycle lights, and it was difficult for riders to control multiple lights simultaneously. Even if some products adopted a simple wired connection method, it was not only cumbersome to install, but also restricted the flexibility of the bicycle, and was prone to damage in complex riding environments. With the development of wireless communication technology, some bicycle lights began to try wireless communication. However, common wireless communication methods such as Wi-Fi have problems such as high power consumption and limited number of connected devices, and are not suitable for scenarios where bicycle lights have high requirements for power consumption and device number scalability. Although Bluetooth technology has been applied to some extent, most of them are just simple one-to-one connection controls, and do not fully utilize the advantages of Bluetooth in multi-device connection and dynamic networking.

[0004] In terms of group management, existing bicycle lights lack a reasonable group division mechanism. During the riding process, the states of each bicycle light are uneven, some have sufficient power, while some have low power; some have strong signals, while some have weak signals. Due to the lack of effective group division and management, it is impossible to make a reasonable division of labor according to the actual situation of the devices, resulting in low operating efficiency of the entire group. For example, when encountering complex road conditions and needing to quickly transmit light warning information, it is impossible to ensure that the information can be accurately and timely conveyed to each light within the group.

[0005] In terms of brightness and flashing frequency control, the brightness adjustment of traditional bicycle lights usually relies on manual operation and cannot be automatically adjusted according to the ambient light intensity and riding state. When entering a tunnel during the day or when the light changes rapidly in the evening, riders often do not have time to manually adjust the brightness of the vehicle lights, which affects riding safety. For the flashing frequency, there is also no function of intelligent control according to the vehicle driving state, and it cannot emit effective warning signals to the surrounding environment in a timely manner by changing the flashing frequency in special situations such as when the vehicle turns or decelerates.

[0006] In addition, when dealing with complex cycling environments, the existing bicycle light communication systems have relatively weak anti-interference capabilities. There are a large number of interference sources such as Bluetooth devices and Wi-Fi signals in the city. During cycling, these interferences can easily cause communication interruptions between bicycle lights or incorrect transmission of commands. For example, when passing through an area with strong signal interference, the bicycle lights may experience abnormal brightness changes or be unable to receive control commands, seriously affecting the safety of cycling and the normal use of the lights. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for group control of bicycle lights using Bluetooth wireless communication to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for group control of bicycle lights using Bluetooth wireless communication, the method includes:

[0009] Step S1: Scan and identify bicycle light devices within a preset range through the Bluetooth protocol, and collect the unique identifier, current status information, and location data of the devices, where the status information includes at least the brightness level, battery power, and communication signal strength;

[0010] Step S2: Based on the dynamic topology management algorithm, divide the identified bicycle light devices into multiple logical groups, each group containing at least one master device and several slave devices, and the master device is responsible for distributing and coordinating commands within the group;

[0011] Step S3: According to the positions and movement trends of the devices within the group, establish a dynamic communication link model, predict the signal transmission stability between the devices within the group, and generate a group control instruction sequence.

[0012] Preferably, the step S2 further includes:

[0013] Step S21: Set the constraint conditions for group division, including the maximum allowable communication distance between devices, the minimum remaining power threshold, and the signal strength threshold;

[0014] Step S22: Construct an adjacency matrix based on the device location data, and select the device with the widest signal coverage and sufficient power as the master device through the greedy algorithm;

[0015] Step S23: Assign priorities to each slave device, and the priorities are dynamically calculated according to the device movement speed, remaining battery life, and signal stability;

[0016] Step S24: When it is detected that a device has left the group communication range or the power is lower than the threshold, trigger the group reconstruction mechanism, reassign the master device, and update the slave device list.

[0017] Preferably, the establishment of the dynamic communication link model in step S3 includes:

[0018] Step S31: Predict the movement trajectories of each device in the group through a Kalman filter, and calculate the relative position changes between devices within a future time window;

[0019] Step S32: Based on the signal attenuation model, combine the distance between devices and environmental obstacle data to estimate the link quality index;

[0020] Step S33: If the link quality index is lower than the preset threshold, insert redundant instructions into the control instruction sequence and mark them as high-priority transmission tasks;

[0021] Step S34: Dynamically adjust the instruction transmission interval according to the link quality index to ensure that critical instructions are sent first.

[0022] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0023] Step S4: Optimize the Bluetooth channel selection through an adaptive frequency hopping mechanism, and adjust the communication frequency band in combination with real-time environmental interference data; the specific steps of the adaptive frequency hopping mechanism include:

[0024] Step S41: Real-time monitor the intensity and distribution of interference sources in the current Bluetooth channel, and generate an interference spectrum diagram;

[0025] Step S42: Based on the interference spectrum diagram, select the continuous idle channel with the lowest interference intensity as the candidate frequency band;

[0026] Step S43: Adopt time-division multiplexing technology to divide the control instructions into multiple data packets and alternately transmit them in different candidate frequency bands;

[0027] Step S44: If it is detected that the channel quality continues to deteriorate, trigger the emergency frequency hopping mode and switch to a preset backup frequency band group.

[0028] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0029] Step S5: Based on the device status information and external environment data, update the group configuration and control instructions in real time, and dynamically adjust the brightness mode and blinking frequency of each device to achieve cooperative control; the specific steps include:

[0030] Step S51: According to the environmental light intensity sensor data, divide the brightness level into multiple intervals and set a reference brightness value for each interval;

[0031] Step S52: Based on the relative positions of the devices in the group, calculate the minimum safe brightness difference between the front and rear vehicle lights to avoid visual interference;

[0032] Step S53: When a rapid deceleration or turn of the vehicle is detected, dynamically increase the flashing frequency of the headlights in the corresponding direction and synchronize it to all devices in the group;

[0033] Step S54: If the power of a certain device is lower than the critical value, automatically reduce its brightness level and notify the master device to reallocate the lighting task.

[0034] Preferably, the calculation formula for the priority in step S23 is:

[0035] P j = α·v j + β·e j + γ·s j

[0036] where P j is the priority value of device j, v j represents the moving speed of device j, e j represents the remaining battery percentage, s j represents the signal stability index, and α, β, γ are dynamic weight coefficients.

[0037] Preferably, the signal attenuation model in step S32 adopts the following formula:

[0038]

[0039] where LQI ij is the link quality index between device i and device j, L0 is the initial signal strength at the reference distance d0, η is the path loss exponent, d ij is the distance between device i and j, W k is the attenuation coefficient of the kth obstacle, and n is the total number of obstacles on the transmission path between devices.

[0040] Preferably, the switching strategy for the standby frequency band group in step S44 includes:

[0041] Step S441: Preset multiple non-overlapping frequency band groups and assign different priorities to them;

[0042] Step S442: When the main frequency band group fails, try to switch in the order of priority until an available frequency band is found;

[0043] Step S443: After the switching is completed, broadcast a frequency band update instruction to all devices in the group and start the frequency band synchronization timer;

[0044] Step S444: If the synchronization times out, forcibly disconnect the unresponsive devices and trigger the group reconstruction process.

[0045] Preferably, the calculation method for the minimum safe brightness difference in step S52 is:

[0046] Step S521: Set the brightness difference threshold of the front and rear vehicle lights according to the human eye's visual persistence characteristic;

[0047] Step S522: Dynamically adjust the threshold range based on the device spacing and relative speed;

[0048] Step S523: If the brightness conflict of the lights of multiple vehicles running side by side is detected, the master device intervenes and redistributes the brightness levels.

[0049] Preferably, the adjustment strategy of the dynamic weight coefficient includes:

[0050] Step S101: Initialize the reference values of α, β, and γ according to the number of devices in the group and the environmental complexity;

[0051] Step S102: Monitor the change rate of the device status in real time. If the moving speed or power of a certain device drops suddenly, increase the corresponding weight coefficient;

[0052] Step S103: Optimize the weight combination through the gradient descent algorithm to make the priority allocation optimize the group stability.

[0053] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0054] The method for controlling a bicycle lamp group by Bluetooth wireless communication proposed by the present invention has many significant beneficial effects. In terms of device management and communication, by scanning and identifying bicycle lamp devices within a preset range through the Bluetooth protocol and collecting unique identifiers, current status information, and position data, it is possible to accurately locate and master the situation of each lamp. Based on the dynamic topology management algorithm, logical groups are divided, clarifying the responsibilities of the master device and slave devices, and making the instruction distribution and coordination within the group more efficient. This division method takes into account constraints such as the maximum allowable communication distance between devices, the minimum remaining power threshold, and the signal strength threshold, ensuring the stability of the group. For example, in a multi-person cycling activity, even if some devices have low power or weak signals, the system can ensure the normal operation of the lamps in the entire group through reasonable group division and reallocation of the master device, avoiding affecting the overall lighting effect due to individual device problems.

[0055] The establishment of a dynamic communication link model further enhances the reliability of communication. By using a Kalman filter to predict the device's movement trajectory and combining it with a signal attenuation model to estimate the link quality index, the signal transmission stability can be predicted in advance. When the link quality index is lower than the preset threshold, redundant instructions are inserted and marked as high-priority transmission tasks, and the instruction transmission interval is dynamically adjusted according to the link quality. This is of great significance in actual cycling. For example, when passing through areas with strong signal interference or when the relative position of the device changes rapidly, it can ensure the accurate and timely transmission of control instructions, ensure that the lights work as expected, avoid lighting abnormalities caused by communication problems, and guarantee cycling safety.

[0056] The adaptive frequency hopping mechanism optimizes the Bluetooth channel selection, greatly improving the anti-interference ability of the system. It real-time monitors the intensity and distribution of interference sources, selects the continuous idle channel with the lowest interference intensity as the candidate frequency band, and uses time-division multiplexing technology to alternately transmit control instructions in different candidate frequency bands. When the channel quality continues to deteriorate, it triggers an emergency frequency hopping mode to switch to the pre-set spare frequency band group. Taking the urban cycling scenario as an example, when encountering a large number of Bluetooth devices and Wi-Fi signal interferences, the system can quickly switch channels to maintain stable communication of the bicycle light group, avoiding the loss of control or abnormal brightness changes of the lights caused by interference.

[0057] In terms of brightness and flashing frequency control, the present invention achieves a high level of intelligence. It divides the brightness level interval and sets the reference brightness value according to the data of the ambient light intensity sensor, calculates the minimum safe brightness difference between the front and rear vehicle lights based on the relative positions of the devices within the group to avoid visual interference. When detecting sudden deceleration or turning of the vehicle, it dynamically increases the flashing frequency of the corresponding direction lights and synchronizes it to all devices within the group; if the power of a certain device is lower than the critical value, it automatically reduces its brightness level and notifies the main control device to reallocate the lighting task. When cycling at night, as the ambient light changes, the vehicle lights can automatically adjust the brightness, ensuring both the lighting effect and avoiding energy waste. When the vehicle turns, the lights on the turning side flash quickly, which can promptly warn surrounding pedestrians and vehicles, reducing the risk of accidents.

[0058] Through a series of innovative control methods, the present invention improves the intelligent level, communication reliability, anti-interference ability, and lighting safety and rationality of the bicycle light group, providing a more convenient and safe cycling experience for cyclists, and having high practical value and market promotion potential. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] Figure 1 is the working principle diagram of the control method for the bicycle light group described in the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 is the working principle diagram of the dynamic communication link model;

[0061] Figure 3It is a flowchart of the adaptive frequency hopping mechanism;

[0062] Figure 4 It is a flowchart of the collaborative brightness control. Specific implementation manners

[0063] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0064] Please refer to Figures 1 - 4 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for controlling a group of bicycle lights in Bluetooth wireless communication, specifically including the following steps:

[0065] Step S1: Device scanning and information collection: Use the Bluetooth protocol to scan bicycle light devices within a preset range. During the scanning process, identify the unique identifier of each bicycle light device, which is like the "ID card" of the device and is used to accurately distinguish different devices in the entire system. At the same time, collect the current status information of the device, where the brightness level represents the current light emission intensity of the bicycle light, the battery power reflects the remaining power of the device, and the communication signal strength reflects the strength of signal transmission between devices. In addition, the position data of the device will also be obtained, which provides an important basis for subsequent group division and communication link establishment.

[0066] Step S2: Logical group division: Based on the dynamic topology management algorithm, divide the identified bicycle light devices into multiple logical groups. Each group contains at least one master device and several slave devices. The master device undertakes the key tasks of instruction distribution and coordination in the group, just like a leader in a team, responsible for directing and coordinating the work of other members.

[0067] Step S3: Dynamic communication link establishment and instruction generation: According to the positions and movement trends of the devices in the group, establish a dynamic communication link model. Predict the signal transmission stability between the devices in the group through this model, and generate a group control instruction sequence after comprehensively considering various factors to ensure stable and reliable communication between the devices in the group and at the same time achieve effective control of the bicycle lights.

[0068] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with Embodiments 1 to 6:

[0069] Embodiment 1:

[0070] In this embodiment, the specific process of group division will be further described in detail.

[0071] Step S21, set the constraint conditions for group division. The maximum allowable communication distance between devices is an important indicator, which limits the range within which devices can communicate effectively. For example, through a large number of experiments and tests in actual application scenarios, the maximum allowable communication distance is set to 50 meters. Beyond this distance, the signal transmission quality between devices will seriously decline and cannot meet the requirements of group control. The minimum remaining battery threshold is set to 20%. When the device's battery level is lower than this threshold, its stability and functionality in the group will be affected and it may not be able to execute instructions normally. The signal strength threshold is set to -70dBm. Below this strength, the signal is easily interfered with and the communication reliability is reduced.

[0072] Perform step S22, construct an adjacency matrix based on device location data. The adjacency matrix is a mathematical model that can clearly represent the connection relationship between devices. Suppose in a certain scenario, there are 5 bicycle light devices. By obtaining their location data, a 5×5 adjacency matrix is constructed. In this matrix, the value of the element represents information such as whether there is a connection between the corresponding two devices and the strength of the connection. Then, the greedy algorithm is used to select the device with the widest signal coverage and sufficient power as the master device. The greedy algorithm will preferentially select those devices that are optimal under the current conditions. For example, among the above 5 devices, the signal coverage of device 3 can reach the other 4 devices, and its remaining battery is 80%, which is far higher than the minimum remaining battery threshold, so it is selected as the master device.

[0073] Step S23, assign priorities to each slave device. The priority is dynamically calculated based on the device's movement speed, remaining battery life, and signal stability. The calculation formula is:

[0074] P j =α·v j +β·e j +γ·s j

[0075] where P j is the priority value of device j, which comprehensively reflects the importance of the device in the group and its suitability for executing tasks. v j represents the movement speed of device j, in meters per second. The faster the device moves, the greater the possible dynamic changes in the group and the greater the impact on group control. e j represents the remaining battery percentage. Devices with sufficient power can execute tasks more stably and will not malfunction due to insufficient power. s jRepresents the signal stability index, which is obtained by monitoring and analyzing the fluctuations of the signals received and sent by the device. The higher the index, the more stable the signal. α, β, and γ are dynamic weight coefficients, which are adjusted according to different scenarios and requirements to balance the importance of various factors in the priority calculation.

[0076] Step S24, when it is detected that the device is out of the group communication range or the battery level is lower than the threshold, trigger the group reconstruction mechanism. For example, during a bike ride, if device 5 is too far from other devices in the group, exceeding the maximum allowable communication distance of 50 meters, the system will detect that the device is out of the group communication range. The system will reassign the master device. Suppose after re-evaluation, device 2 has the optimal signal coverage and battery level at this time and is reselected as the master device, and the list of slave devices is updated to ensure the stable operation of the group.

[0077] Embodiment 2:

[0078] In this embodiment, the establishment process of the dynamic communication link model in step S3 is elaborated in detail. Specifically, it includes:

[0079] Step S31, predict the movement trajectories of each device in the group through the Kalman filter. The Kalman filter is a commonly used algorithm that can predict the position of a device at a future time based on information such as the current position and speed of the device, combined with a certain mathematical model. Suppose in a bike ride team, each bike light device is in continuous motion, and the movement trajectories of each device are predicted through the Kalman filter. Taking device 1 as an example, based on its current speed and direction, as well as the movement data in the past period of time, the Kalman filter can predict its position change within the next 10 seconds. By calculating the relative position changes between devices within the future time window, the trend of distance changes between devices can be understood.

[0080] Step S32, based on the signal attenuation model, combined with the distance between devices and environmental obstacle data, estimate the link quality index. The signal attenuation model uses the formula:

[0081]

[0082] where, LQI ij is the link quality index between device i and device j, which comprehensively reflects the quality of the communication link between device i and j. L0 is the initial signal strength at the reference distance d0. Suppose the reference distance d0 is 1 meter, and the initial signal strength L0 measured at this distance is -50dBm. η is the path loss exponent, which generally takes values between 2 and 4 according to different environments and signal transmission characteristics, and takes the value of 3 in this scenario. d ijis the distance between devices i and j. For example, the distance between device 1 and device 2 is measured to be 10 meters. W k is the attenuation coefficient of the k-th obstacle. Suppose there are 2 obstacles on the transmission path between device 1 and device 2. The attenuation coefficient W1 of obstacle 1 is 5 dB, and the attenuation coefficient W2 of obstacle 2 is 3 dB. n is the total number of obstacles on the transmission path between devices, and here n = 2. Through this formula, the link quality index between device 1 and device 2 can be calculated.

[0083] Step S33, if the link quality index is lower than the preset threshold. For example, the preset threshold is -80 dBm. When the calculated link quality index is lower than this threshold, redundant instructions are inserted into the control instruction sequence and marked as high-priority transmission tasks. This is to ensure that important instructions can be accurately transmitted even when the link quality is poor.

[0084] Step S34, dynamically adjust the instruction transmission interval according to the link quality index. When the link quality index is high, it indicates that the communication link is stable, and the instruction transmission interval can be appropriately increased to reduce resource consumption; when the link quality index is low, shorten the instruction transmission interval to ensure that critical instructions are sent first and improve the reliability of communication.

[0085] Embodiment 3:

[0086] This embodiment details the process of optimizing Bluetooth channel selection through an adaptive frequency hopping mechanism. Specifically, it includes:

[0087] Step S41, continuously monitor the intensity and distribution of interference sources in the current Bluetooth channel. Through a dedicated monitoring module, continuously collect signal data in the Bluetooth channel and analyze the intensity and distribution of interference sources therein. For example, in a complex urban environment, there may be multiple interference sources such as Bluetooth devices and Wi-Fi signals. The monitoring module processes the collected data to generate an interference spectrum diagram, on which the interference intensity distribution in different frequency bands can be clearly seen.

[0088] Step S42, based on the interference spectrum diagram, select the continuous idle channel with the lowest interference intensity as the candidate frequency band. In the generated interference spectrum diagram, find the area with the lowest interference intensity. Suppose it is found through analysis that the interference intensity in the frequency band of 80 - 85 MHz is the lowest and this frequency band is continuously idle, then it is used as the candidate frequency band.

[0089] Step S43: Using time-division multiplexing technology, the control instructions are segmented into multiple data packets and alternately transmitted in different candidate frequency bands. The time-division multiplexing technology is like dividing time into multiple small segments, and each small segment is used to transmit data packets in different candidate frequency bands. For example, the control instructions are segmented into 10 data packets. In the first time period, data packet 1 is transmitted through candidate frequency band 1, in the second time period, data packet 2 is transmitted through candidate frequency band 2, and so on. In this way, the anti-interference ability of communication is improved.

[0090] Step S44: If it is detected that the channel quality continues to deteriorate, for example, within a certain period of time, the interference intensity of a certain candidate frequency band continues to rise, resulting in a serious decline in communication quality, then an emergency frequency hopping mode is triggered and switched to a preset backup frequency band group.

[0091] The switching strategy of the backup frequency band group includes the following steps:

[0092] Step S441: Preset multiple non-overlapping frequency band groups and assign different priorities to them. Suppose 3 non-overlapping frequency band groups are preset, with frequency band group 1 having the highest priority, frequency band group 2 having the second highest priority, and frequency band group 3 having the lowest priority.

[0093] Step S442: When the primary frequency band group fails, try to switch in the order of priority until an available frequency band is found. If the currently used primary frequency band group is severely interfered and cannot communicate normally, the system will first try to switch to frequency band group 1. If frequency band group 1 is also unavailable, then continue to try frequency band group 2, and so on.

[0094] Step S443: After the switching is completed, broadcast a frequency band update instruction to all devices in the group and start a frequency band synchronization timer. This is to ensure that all devices in the group can switch to the new frequency band in time and maintain synchronization.

[0095] Step S444: If the synchronization times out, for example, within the set 10-second synchronization time, some devices do not respond to the frequency band update instruction, then forcefully disconnect the unresponsive devices and trigger a group reconstruction process to ensure the normal operation of the group.

[0096] Embodiment 4:

[0097] This embodiment elaborates in detail the process of real-time updating the group configuration and control instructions based on device status information and external environment data, and dynamically adjusting the brightness mode and blinking frequency of each device. Specifically, it includes:

[0098] Step S51: Divide the brightness levels into multiple intervals according to the ambient light intensity sensor data, and set a reference brightness value for each interval. For example, measure the ambient light intensity through the ambient light intensity sensor. When the light intensity is between 0 - 100 Lux, divide the brightness level into a low brightness interval and set the reference brightness value to 50 lumens; when the light intensity is between 101 - 500 Lux, divide it into a medium brightness interval and set the reference brightness value to 150 lumens; when the light intensity is greater than 500 Lux, divide it into a high brightness interval and set the reference brightness value to 300 lumens.

[0099] Step S52: Calculate the minimum safe brightness difference between the front and rear vehicle lights based on the relative positions of the devices within the group to avoid visual interference. The calculation method is as follows:

[0100] Step S521: Set the brightness difference threshold between the front and rear vehicle lights according to the human eye's persistence of vision characteristic. The human eye's persistence of vision characteristic means that when an object disappears, the human eye can still retain its image for a short period. According to relevant research and experiments, set the brightness difference threshold between the front and rear vehicle lights to 50 lumens.

[0101] Step S522: Dynamically adjust the threshold range based on the device spacing and relative speed. For example, when the device spacing is small, to avoid visual interference, appropriately reduce the brightness difference threshold; when the relative speed is fast, to improve the warning effect, appropriately increase the brightness difference threshold. Assume the device spacing is 5 meters and the relative speed is 10 meters per second. After calculation, adjust the brightness difference threshold to 60 lumens.

[0102] Step S523: If it is detected that there is a brightness conflict in the headlights of multiple vehicles traveling in parallel, for example, in a cycling group where multiple bicycles are traveling in parallel, at this time, the headlights of each vehicle may interfere with each other. The main control device intervenes and redistributes the brightness levels to ensure that the headlights of each vehicle can function properly while avoiding visual interference.

[0103] Step S53: When it is detected that the vehicle is decelerating rapidly or turning, dynamically increase the flashing frequency of the headlights in the corresponding direction and synchronize it to all devices within the group. For example, when the vehicle turns left, the turning action is detected through the vehicle's sensors. The system will immediately increase the flashing frequency of the left - hand side headlights from the original 2 times per second to 5 times per second, and send this command synchronously to all devices within the group, so that the flashing frequency of the left - hand side headlights of the entire group is increased to warn surrounding vehicles and pedestrians.

[0104] Step S54, if the power of a certain device is lower than the critical value, assuming the critical value is set to 10%, when it is detected that the power of a certain device is lower than this value, its brightness level will be automatically reduced, and the master device will be notified to reallocate the lighting task. For example, when the power of device 4 drops to 8%, the system automatically adjusts its brightness level from high brightness to low brightness and sends a notification to the master device. The master device reallocates the lighting task according to the actual situation to ensure that the lighting effect of the entire group is not affected too much.

[0105] Example 5:

[0106] This example details the implementation method of the dynamic weight coefficient, specifically including:

[0107] Step S101, initialize the reference values of α, β, and γ according to the number of devices in the group and the environmental complexity. Assume that in a group of 10 bicycle light devices with medium environmental complexity, after comprehensive consideration, the reference value of α is initialized to 0.3, the reference value of β is initialized to 0.3, and the reference value of γ is initialized to 0.4. The setting of this reference value is to reasonably calculate the device priority in the initial stage.

[0108] Step S102, monitor the device state change rate in real time. For example, during cycling, the movement speed of device 7 suddenly drops from 15 meters per second to 5 meters per second, and at the same time, the power also drops rapidly from 60% to 40%. After the system detects these changes, it increases the corresponding weight coefficient. Due to the sudden drop in movement speed, increase the value of α, assume it is increased to 0.4; due to the sudden drop in power, increase the value of β, assume it is increased to 0.4, and keep the value of γ unchanged.

[0109] Step S103, optimize the weight combination through the gradient descent algorithm to make the priority allocation optimize the group stability. The gradient descent algorithm is a commonly used optimization algorithm. It continuously adjusts the weight coefficient to make the objective function (in this scenario, it is the group stability) reach the optimal value. In this process, continuously calculate the group stability index and adjust the values of α, β, and γ according to the principle of the gradient descent algorithm. For example, after multiple iterative calculations, finally determine that the value of α is 0.35, the value of β is 0.35, and the value of γ is 0.3. At this time, the priority allocation can make the group stability reach the best state. When calculating the device priority, still use the formula P j = α·v j + β·e j + γ·s j , by continuously optimizing the weight coefficient, ensure that the calculation of device priority is more reasonable, thereby improving the overall operation efficiency and stability of the group.

[0110] Example 6:

[0111] In an actual scenario, when it comes to evaluating the communication link quality among various lighting devices in a lighting group, a signal attenuation model is applied. Suppose in a large outdoor lighting group scenario, there are lighting device M and device N that need to establish a communication connection to work collaboratively. First, clarify the parameters in the signal attenuation model formula: the reference distance d0 is set to 1 meter, which is a reference distance for calibrating the signal strength; the initial signal strength L0 at the d0 distance is measured as -50 dBm, which represents the signal strength when emitted in an ideal short-distance situation. The path loss exponent η is taken as 2.5 according to the signal propagation characteristics of this outdoor open area, and this exponent reflects the rate at which the signal attenuates with the increase in distance during propagation. The distance d MN between device M and device N, measured by positioning technology, is 15 meters, and this distance is one of the key factors affecting signal attenuation. At the same time, there are obstacles in the signal transmission path between device M and N. After detection, there are 4 obstacles, marked as obstacle 1, obstacle 2, obstacle 3, and obstacle 4 respectively, and their attenuation coefficients W1 is 3 dB, W2 is 2.5 dB, W3 is 2 dB, and W4 is 1.5 dB, that is, n = 4.

[0112] Substitute these parameters into the signal attenuation model formula Calculate the link quality index LQI between device M and device N MN :

[0113] LQI MN = -50 - 10×2.5×log 10 (15÷1)-(3 + 2.5 + 2 + 1.5)

[0114] = -50 - 25×log 10 (15)-9

[0115] ≈ -50 - 25×1.176 - 9

[0116] = -50 - 29.4 - 9

[0117] = -88.4 dBm

[0118] Through such calculations, the link quality between device M and N can be accurately evaluated. If the calculated link quality index is lower than the preset threshold (assuming the preset threshold is -80 dBm), the system will, according to relevant strategies, insert redundant instructions in the control instruction sequence, mark it as a high-priority transmission task, and at the same time dynamically adjust the instruction transmission interval according to the link quality index to ensure the reliability of communication.

[0119] In terms of the brightness control of the lamp-lamp group, the calculation method of the minimum safety brightness difference plays a key role. Taking a scenario of multiple vehicles driving at night as an example, the lamps on the vehicles form a lamp-lamp group. First, perform step S521. According to the characteristics of the human eye's visual persistence, set the brightness difference threshold between the front and rear vehicle lamps. Through research and a large number of actual tests, the initial threshold is set to 60 lumens to ensure that under normal driving conditions, the brightness difference between the front and rear vehicle lamps will not cause visual interference to the driver.

[0120] Next, perform step S522. Dynamically adjust the threshold range based on the device spacing and relative speed. Suppose at a certain moment, vehicle A and vehicle B are driving on the same route, with vehicle A in front and vehicle B behind. The distance between the lamp devices of the two vehicles is measured by a sensor to be 10 meters, and the relative speed is 5 meters per second. According to relevant algorithms and empirical formulas, combined with the current spacing and speed data, adjust the initial threshold. Since the spacing is small and the relative speed is slow, in order to avoid visual interference, the threshold is appropriately reduced and adjusted to 50 lumens after calculation.

[0121] Then comes step S523. If it is detected that there is a brightness conflict in the parallel running lamps of multiple vehicles, for example, in a section where multiple vehicles are running in parallel, the headlamp brightnesses of vehicle C, vehicle D, and vehicle E interfere with each other. At this time, the main control device intervenes. It will collect the status information and position information of the lamps of each vehicle and reassign the brightness levels. The main control device adjusts the brightness of the front lamp of vehicle C from 300 lumens to 250 lumens, the brightness of the rear lamp of vehicle D from 200 lumens to 180 lumens, and the brightness of the front lamp of vehicle E from 280 lumens to 230 lumens according to factors such as the driving directions of each vehicle and the ambient light conditions, so as to ensure that the lamps of each vehicle can function properly for lighting and warning, while avoiding visual interference and ensuring driving safety. In this way, in practical applications, effectively utilize the calculation method of the minimum safety brightness difference to achieve reasonable control of the brightness of the lamp-lamp group and improve the overall safety and functionality.

[0122] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0123] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for group control of bicycle lights in Bluetooth wireless communication, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step S1: Scan and identify bicycle light devices within a preset range through the Bluetooth protocol, and collect the unique identifier, current status information, and location data of the devices. The status information includes at least the brightness level, battery power, and communication signal strength; Step S2: Based on the dynamic topology management algorithm, divide the identified bicycle light devices into multiple logical groups. Each group contains at least one master device and several slave devices, and the master device is responsible for distributing and coordinating instructions within the group; Step S3: According to the positions and movement trends of the devices within the group, establish a dynamic communication link model, predict the signal transmission stability between the devices within the group, and generate a group control instruction sequence.

2. The method for controlling a bicycle lamp group in Bluetooth wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step S2 further includes: Step S21: Set the constraint conditions for group division, including the maximum allowable communication distance between devices, the minimum remaining battery power threshold, and the signal strength threshold; Step S22: Construct an adjacency matrix based on the device location data, and select the device with the widest signal coverage and sufficient power as the master device through the greedy algorithm; Step S23: Assign priorities to each slave device, and the priorities are dynamically calculated according to the device movement speed, remaining battery life, and signal stability; Step S24: When it is detected that a device leaves the group communication range or the battery power is lower than the threshold, trigger the group reconstruction mechanism, reassign the master device, and update the slave device list.

3. The method for controlling a bicycle lamp group in Bluetooth wireless communication according to claim 1, wherein, The establishment of the dynamic communication link model in the step S3 includes: Step S31: Predict the movement trajectories of the devices within the group through the Kalman filter, and calculate the relative position changes between the devices within the future time window; Step S32: Based on the signal attenuation model, combined with the distance between devices and environmental obstacle data, estimate the link quality index; Step S33: If the link quality index is lower than the preset threshold, insert redundant instructions into the control instruction sequence and mark them as high-priority transmission tasks; Step S34: Dynamically adjust the instruction transmission interval according to the link quality index to ensure that critical instructions are sent first.

4. The method for controlling a bicycle lamp group by Bluetooth wireless communication according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes: Step S4: Optimize the Bluetooth channel selection through the adaptive frequency hopping mechanism, and adjust the communication frequency band in combination with real-time environmental interference data; The specific steps of the adaptive frequency hopping mechanism include: Step S41: Real-time monitor the interference source intensity and distribution in the current Bluetooth channel, and generate an interference spectrum diagram; Step S42: Based on the interference spectrum diagram, select the continuous idle channel with the lowest interference intensity as the candidate frequency band; Step S43: Adopt time-division multiplexing technology to divide the control instructions into multiple data packets and transmit them alternately in different candidate frequency bands; Step S44: If it is detected that the channel quality deteriorates continuously, trigger the emergency frequency hopping mode and switch to the preset standby frequency band group.

5. The method for controlling a bicycle lamp group in Bluetooth wireless communication according to claim 1, wherein It also includes: Step S5: Based on the device status information and external environment data, update the group configuration and control instructions in real time, and dynamically adjust the brightness mode and blinking frequency of each device to achieve collaborative control; the specific steps include: Step S51: According to the environmental light intensity sensor data, divide the brightness level into multiple intervals, and set a reference brightness value for each interval; Step S52: Calculate the minimum safe brightness difference between the front and rear vehicle lights based on the relative positions of the devices within the group to avoid visual interference; Step S53: When a sudden deceleration or turn of the vehicle is detected, dynamically increase the flashing frequency of the vehicle lights in the corresponding direction and synchronize it to all devices within the group; Step S54: If the power of a certain device is lower than the critical value, automatically reduce its brightness level and notify the master device to reallocate the lighting tasks.

6. The method for controlling a bicycle lamp group in Bluetooth wireless communication according to claim 2, wherein The calculation formula for the priority in Step S23 is: P j = α·v j + β·e j + γ·s j Among them, P j is the priority value of device j, v j represents the movement speed of device j, e j represents the remaining battery percentage, s j represents the signal stability index, and α, β, γ are dynamic weight coefficients.

7. The method for controlling a bicycle lamp group in Bluetooth wireless communication according to claim 3, wherein The signal attenuation model in Step S32 adopts the following formula: Among them, LQI ij is the link quality index between device i and device j, L0 is the initial signal strength at the reference distance d0, η is the path loss exponent, d ij is the distance between device i and j, W k is the attenuation coefficient of the k-th obstacle, and n is the total number of obstacles on the transmission path between devices.

8. The method for controlling a bicycle lamp group in Bluetooth wireless communication according to claim 4, wherein, The switching strategy for the backup frequency band group in Step S44 includes: Step S441: Preset multiple non-overlapping frequency band groups and assign different priorities to them; Step S442: When the primary frequency band group fails, attempt to switch in the order of priority until an available frequency band is found; Step S443: After the switching is completed, broadcast a frequency band update instruction to all devices within the group and start the frequency band synchronization timer; Step S444: If the synchronization times out, forcibly disconnect the unresponsive devices and trigger the group reconstruction process.

9. The method for controlling a bicycle lamp group in Bluetooth wireless communication according to claim 5, wherein, The calculation method for the minimum safe brightness difference in Step S52 is: Step S521: Set the brightness difference threshold between the front and rear vehicle lights according to the characteristics of human eye visual persistence; Step S522: Dynamically adjust the threshold range based on the device spacing and relative speed; Step S523: If a brightness conflict of the vehicle lights of multiple vehicles running side by side is detected, the master device intervenes to reallocate the brightness levels.

10. The method for controlling a bicycle lamp group in Bluetooth wireless communication according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustment strategy for the dynamic weight coefficient includes: Step S101: Initialize the reference values of α, β, and γ according to the number of devices within the group and the environmental complexity; Step S102: Monitor the change rate of the device status in real time. If the movement speed or power of a certain device drops suddenly, increase the corresponding weight coefficient; Step S103: Optimize the weight combination through the gradient descent algorithm to make the priority allocation optimize the group stability.

Images