Photovoltaic power generation module

Abstract

A photovoltaic power generation module according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a photovoltaic power generation panel including a plurality of battery strings; a plurality of optimizers connected to the output power of the respective battery strings and connected in series with each other; and a controller connected to both ends of a plurality of optimizers connected in series with each other, in which the respective optimizers are located at points corresponding to the respective output terminals of the respective battery strings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a photovoltaic module, and more particularly, to a photovoltaic module in which optimizers are respectively connected to each photovoltaic cell string and a single controller controls a plurality of optimizers. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is an eco-friendly power generation method, which is widely spread as an alternative to traditional thermal power generation and nuclear power generation. Photovoltaic power generation is classified into an off-grid type and a grid-connected type. In the off-grid type, a battery is connected to a converter, and the grid-connected type is used to connect to a power grid. Generally, an off-grid type power generation system includes a photovoltaic cell, a power storage device, and a power conversion device, while a grid-connected type system is configured to be connected to a commercial power source to exchange power with a load system line.

[0003] Depending on solar irradiance, temperature, and other environmental factors, a photovoltaic module varies at different maximum power points. To operate a photovoltaic cell at the maximum power point, an optimizer or module-level power electronics (MLPE) controls maximum power point tracking (MPPT) on a module basis.

[0004] A junction box can be installed in a photovoltaic module to be connected to an external line. Multiple cables and manual operations for connecting the cables are required to connect an optimizer to a photovoltaic module. In addition, depending on the installation environment, a separate device needs to be installed in the photovoltaic module to prevent electric shock. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical Problem

[0006] The present disclosure provides a photovoltaic module in which optimizers are respectively connected to each photovoltaic cell string and a single controller controls a plurality of optimizers.

[0007] Technical Solution

[0008] To solve the technical problem, a photovoltaic module includes: a photovoltaic panel including a plurality of cell strings; a plurality of optimizers respectively connected to output power of the cell strings and connected in series with each other; and a controller connected to opposite ends of the plurality of optimizers connected in series with each other, wherein each of the optimizers is located at a point corresponding to an output end of a related cell string in the cell strings.

[0009] In addition, the controller may include: two input terminals connected to opposite ends of a string formed by connecting a plurality of optimizers in series with each other; and two output terminals connected to the outside.

[0010] In addition, the controller may detect at least one parameter of voltage, current, temperature, humidity, or solar irradiance from the optimizer.

[0011] In addition, the controller may detect an abnormality from each of the battery strings or from each of the optimizers based on parameters.

[0012] In addition, the controller may include a communication unit that communicates with the optimizer or externally, either wired or wirelessly.

[0013] In addition, when an RSD signal is received from the outside or when an abnormality in the battery string or optimizer is detected, the controller may limit the output of the controller to the outside to at least a threshold value.

[0014] In addition, each optimizer may include: two input terminals connected to the output terminals of opposite ends of the associated battery string; two output terminals connected to adjacent optimizers or the controller; and a power conversion unit configured to convert the output power of the associated battery string received through the input terminals and output the conversion result through the output terminals.

[0015] In addition, the output terminals may be connected through a connection unit embedded in the photovoltaic panel.

[0016] In addition, the connection unit embedded in the photovoltaic panel may include a bus bar or a cable.

[0017] In addition, each optimizer may include: a bypass unit connected in parallel between the two output terminals.

[0018] Advantageous Effects

[0019] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the cables for connecting the photovoltaic panel to the optimizer can be reduced, and the work can be easily performed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 2 is a diagram showing maximum power point tracking control.

[0022] Figures 3 to 8 is a diagram showing a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of Figure 1 is a diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of

[0023] Figure 9 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figures 10 to 13 is a diagram showing a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of Figure 9 in

[0025] Figure 14 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figures 15 to 17 is a diagram showing a photovoltaic module according to an Figure 14 embodiment in

[0027] Figure 18 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment.

[0028] Figure 19 is a diagram showing a photovoltaic module according to an Figure 18 embodiment in DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] MODE FOR INVENTION

[0030] Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] However, the technical spirit of the present disclosure is not limited to the described embodiments, but can be implemented in various other forms. Within the scope of the technical spirit of the present disclosure, one or more components of the embodiments can be selectively combined or replaced.

[0032] In addition, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be interpreted as having the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. The meanings of terms, such as those defined in a dictionary, can be interpreted while considering the contextual meanings in the related art.

[0033] In addition, the terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are for the purpose of describing the embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.

[0034] In this specification, unless otherwise specified in the context, the singular form may include the plural form, and an expression such as "at least one of A, B, and C" may include at least one of all combinations to be made with "A", "B", or "C".

[0035] In describing components of the embodiments of the present disclosure, terms such as "first", "second", "A", "B", "(a)", and "(b)" may be used. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another and do not limit the nature, order, or sequence of the components.

[0036] When a component is described as being "connected", "coupled", or "joined" to another component, the component may be directly connected, coupled, or joined to the other component, or may be indirectly connected, coupled, or joined to the other component through a third component inserted therebetween.

[0037] In addition, when a component is described as being "on" or "under" another component, such expressions include cases where the two components are in direct contact and cases where one or more other components are formed or inserted between the two components. Further, the terms "on" or "under" can include not only the direction upward from a component but also the direction downward from a component.

[0038] Variations according to this embodiment can include some components according to each embodiment and some components according to another embodiment. In other words, a variation can include one of various embodiments in which some components are omitted and corresponding components according to another embodiment are included. Conversely, the opposite is also possible. The features, structures, and effects described according to the embodiments are included in at least one embodiment and are not necessarily limited to one embodiment. Further, the features, structures, and effects shown in each embodiment can also be combined or modified by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the embodiments belong and applied to other embodiments. Therefore, such combinations and modifications should be construed as being included within the scope of the embodiments.

[0039] Figure 1 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 is a diagram showing maximum power point tracking control. Figure 3 is a block diagram of an optimizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 is a diagram showing the connection relationship between a battery string and an optimizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 is a block diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6 and Figure 7 is a block diagram of an optimizer module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 8 is a diagram showing another embodiment of an optimizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] A photovoltaic module 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a photovoltaic panel 110, a plurality of optimizers 121, 122, and 123, and a controller 130.

[0041] A photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can be a module that converts the electric power generated by a photovoltaic panel into electric power suitable for a load or a battery and can be referred to as a solar module or a photovoltaic module.

[0042] The photovoltaic panel 110 includes a plurality of battery strings. A solar cell that generates photovoltaic power can be expressed in units of battery strings including a plurality of batteries connected in series with each other.

[0043] Each battery string may include at least one battery. When each battery string includes multiple batteries, the batteries may be connected in series with each other. The battery string may be a solar cell string including solar cells. The solar cell string may form a photovoltaic (PV) panel. The photovoltaic panel 110 may also be referred to as a solar panel or a photovoltaic panel. Solar cells generate photovoltaic power using the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic effect refers to the phenomenon of emitting electrons when light with a frequency higher than a specific threshold hits a specific metal material, so a PN junction is formed by a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor, and power is generated by generating a current from the electrons generated via the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells may be formed using materials such as silicon and may be formed in the shape of wafers. Solar cells are located in fields or on the surfaces or roofs of buildings to effectively receive sunlight and generate power using sunlight. In this case, the solar cells may be integrally formed with the building to form building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV).

[0044] Since the power generated by a single solar cell is not sufficient for use in a load or the power grid, multiple solar cells are connected in series to form a solar cell string, thereby generating a sufficient amount of power for use. The solar cell string may be a basic unit for power generation. Multiple battery strings as basic units can be formed in the form of a panel to form a photovoltaic panel. As Figure 2 shown, a solar cell has voltage-current characteristics that vary depending on solar irradiance or temperature, and even the maximum power point (MPP) changes. (Generated power = voltage × current).

[0045] Multiple optimizers 121, 122, and 123 are respectively connected to the output power of the battery strings 111, 112, and 113 and are connected in series with each other.

[0046] The optimizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure optimizes the output power from the battery string such that the solar cell operates at the maximum power point (MPP), which serves as an operating point at which the solar cell generates the maximum power under specific conditions. The optimizer may include module-level power electronics (MLPE).

[0047] This process is called maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation can be improved by using MPPT. Depending on the characteristics of the relationship between current and voltage and between voltage and power, the maximum power in photovoltaic power generation may occur at approximately 80% of the maximum voltage rather than at the maximum voltage. Therefore, the maximum power point continuously changes depending on the intensity of the voltage and current generated by the photovoltaic panel, so it is necessary to search for the point that generates the maximum power. In other words, in order to track the maximum power rather than the maximum voltage, the voltage and current values may be changed to obtain the maximum power. In other words, in order to increase the power, the voltage may be decreased and the current may be increased, or the voltage may be increased and the current may be decreased.

[0048] In order to perform MPPT on multiple battery strings, optimization needs to be performed separately for each battery string. For example, when a specific battery string is interrupted from receiving light or is shaded due to foreign substances, the power generation level can be different from that of different battery strings. Therefore, like the mode for converting the power generated from the battery string, operations other than this mode may be required. The power from the battery string may need to be directly output without conversion, or the battery string may need to be bypassed. Therefore, for each case, a device that needs to operate in multiple modes operates in a mode that is most suitable for outputting power from each battery string. For example, the optimizer 121 can operate in multiple modes including a power conversion mode (first mode), an input-output connection mode (second mode), and a bypass mode (third mode) to optimally operate the mode for each case. In addition, according to the design, other operating modes may be included in addition to the power conversion mode, the input-output connection mode, and the bypass mode.

[0049] The optimizers 121, 122, and 123 can be arranged in regions spaced apart from each other and corresponding to the battery strings 111, 112, and 113 respectively. The multiple optimizers 121, 122, and 123 can be configured in the form of independent modules and arranged in regions corresponding to the battery strings 111, 112, and 113 to perform MPPT on the regions in the photovoltaic panel 110. At this time, the optimizer can be set at a position corresponding to the respective output terminals of the battery string 111, the battery string 112, and the battery string 113. When using a single optimizer to optimize the battery string, a large amount of cables and manual connection work are required to connect the battery string to the optimizer. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the optimizer includes multiple individual optimizers 121, 122, and 123 to optimize each battery string respectively. When the optimizer 121 is located separately from the battery string 111, cables are still required. Therefore, the optimizer 121 can be located on the region of the photovoltaic panel where the battery string is located. Therefore, the optimizer 121 (which is respectively connected to the battery string 111 to optimize the battery string 111) can be directly connected to the battery string 111, thereby reducing cable connection and facilitating the work.

[0050] The battery string 111 needs to receive sunlight. Therefore, the battery string 111 can be arranged on the first surface of the photovoltaic module 100, and each optimizer 121 can be arranged on the second surface opposite to the first surface of the battery string 111 that is respectively connected to the optimizer 121. The opposite output terminals of the battery string 111 are drawn out from the second surface of the photovoltaic module 100, and the optimizer 121 can be located at the position where the output terminals at the opposite ends of the battery string 111 are drawn out, so that the input terminals of the optimizer 121 are directly connected to the output terminals.

[0051] The optimizer 121 may include input terminals 1211 and 1212, output terminals 1213 and 1214, a power conversion unit 1215, and a bypass unit 1216.

[0052] The input terminals 1211 and 1212 may include two input terminals connected to the output terminals at opposite ends of each battery string 111. Each battery string 111 may include a plurality of solar cells 1111 to 1113 connected in series with each other, and two output terminals at opposite ends of each battery string 111 connected in series with each other are drawn out, as Figure 3 shown. In this case, the output terminals at the opposite ends may be drawn out from the second surface of the photovoltaic module 100. The output terminals at the opposite ends of each battery string may be directly connected to the two input terminals 1211 and 1212 of each optimizer inside the optimizer. The two input terminals 1211 and 1212 may be connected to the output terminals at the opposite ends of each battery string 111 to receive the power generated from the battery string 111.

[0053] The output terminals 1213 and 1214 are connected to another optimizer or a controller 130. The output terminals 1213 and 1214 may include two output terminals. Since adjacent optimizers may be directly connected to each other, when the relevant optimizer is located between different optimizers, the two output terminals 1213 and 1214 are connected to two different adjacent optimizers. The outputs of the plurality of optimizers 121, 122, and 123 are connected in series with each other, so that the maximum power may be output to the controller 130. The plurality of optimizers 121, 122, and 123 may be connected in series with each other to form an optimizer string, and the controller 130 is connected to opposite ends of the optimizer string. When the relevant optimizer is an optimizer located at one of the opposite ends of the optimizer string, one of the two output terminals 1213 and 1214 is connected to the adjacent optimizer, and the remaining one of the two output terminals 1213 and 1214 is connected to the controller 130. The power output to the controller 130 may be transmitted to the outside or another photovoltaic module through the controller 130. In this case, the outside as a component outside the photovoltaic module may be a power grid, a load, or a battery. Alternatively, the outside may be a power conversion device, such as an inverter. The outputs of each optimizer connected in series with each other may be output to the outside through the controller 130.

[0054] The output terminals 1213 and 1214 may be connected to another optimizer through a connection unit 141 embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110. As Figure 4As shown, when the optimizer 121 is connected to an adjacent optimizer, the optimizer 121 can be connected to the adjacent optimizer through the connection unit 141 embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110. In this case, the connection unit embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110 may include a bus bar or a cable. In this case, the output terminals can be directly connected to the bus bar embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110. In this case, the connection unit 141 embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110 can be drawn out from the second surface of the photovoltaic module 100, which is similar to the output terminals at opposite ends of the battery string. The connection unit 141 embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110 can be directly connected to the two input terminals 1213 and 1214 of each optimizer inside the optimizer. In this case, the connection unit 141 embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110 can be formed to be insulated from the battery string inside the photovoltaic panel 110 and not electrically connected to the battery string. When using the connection unit 141 embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110, the connection position may be limited, but direct connection is allowed without a separate cable.

[0055] Alternatively, the output terminals 1213 and 1214 connected to another optimizer or the outside can be connected to the external connection unit 142 instead of the connection unit embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110. When the photovoltaic panel 110 uses the external connection unit 142, a conductor such as a cable is used. Therefore, the connection position or connection form can be freely realized. However, the cable is exposed to the outside to increase the risk of electric shock. The connection unit 141 embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110 or the external connection unit 142 outside the photovoltaic panel 110 can be used depending on the installation environment or the working environment.

[0056] The power conversion unit 1215 can convert the power from the battery string 111 through the input terminals 1211 and 1212, and can output the power to the output terminals 1213 and 1214. The power conversion unit 1215 can convert the voltage of the power from the battery string 111, and can output the voltage to the output terminals 1213 and 1214. In this case, the power conversion unit 1215 can perform MPPT for each battery string 111. When some of the multiple battery strings generate a voltage lower than that of other battery strings due to shading, the voltage of the power from other battery strings needs to be output without power conversion to reduce losses and improve efficiency by reducing the voltage difference between the battery strings. In this case, the power conversion unit 1215 in the optimizer can adjust the power conversion so that the voltages between the battery strings are equal to each other.

[0057] The power conversion unit 1215 may include at least one of a buck converter, a boost converter, and a buck-boost converter. The power conversion unit 120 may include a DC-DC converter. In this case, the power conversion unit 120 may include at least one of a buck converter, a boost converter, and a buck-boost converter. The power conversion unit 120 may be implemented with a buck converter including an upper switch, a lower switch, and an inductor to reduce voltage. In addition, the power conversion unit 120 may be implemented with a boost converter and a buck-boost converter, the boost converter including an inductor, an upper switch, and a lower switch to increase voltage, and the buck-boost converter including a first upper switch, a first lower switch, an inductor, a second upper switch, and a second lower switch to decrease or increase voltage. Capacitors may be connected in parallel to the input / output terminals of each converter.

[0058] The bypass unit 1216 may be connected in parallel between the two output terminals 1213 and 1214.

[0059] The bypass unit 1216 may form a bypass path through the output terminals 1213 and 1214 to bypass the connection to the input terminals 1211 and 1212 of the power conversion unit 120 or the battery string 111. The bypass path may be formed to transmit power generated from another optimizer without power conversion to the controller 130 or another optimizer. For example, when no power is input to the power conversion device due to a failure of the photovoltaic module 100 including the battery string, or the input terminals 1211 and 1212 are not connected, the bypass unit 1216 may provide a bypass path. In addition, when a hot spot appears in the photovoltaic panel, the bypass unit 1216 may provide a bypass path for the output current to reduce the current value flowing through the photovoltaic panel, thereby suppressing heat emission. Therefore, when the photovoltaic panel forcibly conducts a current greater than the current that can be output, the impedance of the photovoltaic panel may increase, thereby preventing an increase in heat emission.

[0060] The power conversion unit 1215 or the bypass unit 1216 may be operated by the controller 130. Depending on information such as input / output voltage and current, humidity, temperature, and solar irradiance, the controller 130 may transmit control signals to each component to operate in the most suitable mode. The power conversion unit 1215 or the bypass unit 1216 may operate in a related mode depending on the control signal of an external controller or the input of a user.

[0061] The controller 130 is connected to the opposite ends (i.e., see reference numerals 121 and 123) of a plurality of optimizers 121, 122, and 123 connected in series with each other.

[0062] The controller 130 is connected to opposite ends of an optimizer string formed by connecting a plurality of optimizers in series with each other to detect at least one parameter among voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and solar irradiance of each battery string from the optimizers, to control each optimizer using the detected parameters, and to detect whether an abnormality occurs in each battery string or each optimizer.

[0063] The controller 130 may control the optimizer 121 to perform maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. The optimizer 121 performs maximum power point control depending on the operation of the power conversion unit 1215. In this case, the controller 130 may control the power conversion unit 1215 included in the optimizer 121. Drive signals such as gate signals are transmitted to switching elements included in the power conversion unit 1215 to control the power conversion unit 1215.

[0064] The controller 130 may receive power generated from the optimizers and may transmit the power to the outside or another photovoltaic module. The power generated by each optimizer may be combined because the optimizers are connected in series and transmitted to the controller 130, and the controller 130 may deliver the power to the power grid or a load. Alternatively, the power may be transmitted to another photovoltaic module. In this case, the power module may be transmitted to another photovoltaic module connected in series.

[0065] The controller 130 may include two input terminals and two output terminals. The two input terminals 132 and 133 may be connected to opposite ends of a string formed by connecting a plurality of optimizers 121, 122, and 123 in series, and the two output terminals 134 and 135 may be connected to the outside. One of the two input terminals 132 and 133 may be a positive (+) input terminal, and the remaining one of the two input terminals 132 and 133 may be a negative (-) input terminal. Similarly, one of the two output terminals 134 and 135 may be a positive (+) output terminal, and the remaining one of the two output terminals 134 and 135 may be a negative (-) output terminal.

[0066] The controller 130 may include a communication unit (not shown) for wired or wireless communication with the optimizer or with the outside. The controller 130 may send signals to and receive signals from the optimizers 121, 122, and 123 through wired communication. In this case, power line communication (PLC) may be used. As described above, since the power lines are connected to transmit the power generated by the optimizer 121 to the controller 130, PLC may be performed through the power lines. In addition, wired communication may be performed through a separate communication line, or wireless communication may be performed using RF, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, or Bluetooth. PLC communication may be performed to control the operation of the optimizer, monitor the status of the photovoltaic module by detecting at least one parameter among the voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and solar irradiance of each battery string from the optimizer, control each optimizer using the detected parameters, and detect whether an abnormality occurs in each battery string or each optimizer. In this case, the abnormality may include a fault. For example, overvoltage, overcurrent, overheat, or undervoltage may be detected. The monitoring information or detection information regarding the abnormality may be sent to the outside. In this case, the outside may be an inverter. The controller 130 may communicate with the optimizer and the outside through mutually different communication schemes. The communication with the optimizer may be performed through PLC communication, and the communication with the outside may be performed through CAN communication or wireless communication. In this case, the controller 130 may include a communication conversion unit (not shown) to convert the communication.

[0067] The controller 130 may operate the photovoltaic module 100 when receiving a signal from the outside, and may stop the operation of the photovoltaic module 100 when the signal from the outside is blocked. In other words, the control of the photovoltaic module 100 may depend on whether a signal is applied from the outside.

[0068] When receiving an RSD signal from the outside or detecting an abnormality in the battery string or the optimizer, the controller 130 may limit the output of the controller to the outside to a threshold or less. When an abnormality occurs in the battery string or the optimizer, the controller 130 needs to stop the operation of the battery string or the optimizer and reduce the current flowing from the photovoltaic module to the outside. This is called the rapid shutdown (RSID) function. The RSD function is a function of reducing the voltage or current of the photovoltaic module to a threshold or less within a specific time. Therefore, when an abnormality occurs in the photovoltaic module, a person can safely access the photovoltaic module. When receiving an RSD signal from the outside or detecting an abnormality in the battery string or the optimizer, the output of the controller to the outside may be limited to a threshold or less, thereby performing the RSD function. For example, the voltages input to the input terminals 132 and 133 and output to the output terminals 134 and 135 may be limited to 1V or less. To this end, the controller 130 may include a resistor for consuming voltage and a switching device for connecting or disconnecting the controller 130.

[0069] As described above, the optimizer that controls each battery string 111 is located at the position of the associated battery string 111, as Figure 6 shown. The photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be an intelligent PV module including a string optimizer. The PV module may include at least one battery string 111 and a string optimizer 121. The battery string 111 includes at least one battery, and the string optimizer 121 is electrically connected to each battery string. The outputs of the optimizers may be connected in series to another optimizer. As Figure 6 shown, the photovoltaic module may include a plurality of battery strings and optimizers corresponding to the plurality of battery strings, and when connected in series with each other, the plurality of optimizers may be connected to each other through conductors embedded in the photovoltaic panel. In addition, the plurality of optimizers may be connected to each other through externally connected conductors in series. The power generated from the optimizer may be output to the output terminals. The optimizer may differently change at least one parameter associated with the battery string to optimize the power generation amount of the associated battery string. The optimizer may include at least one power conversion unit to optimize the power generation amount, and the power conversion unit may include a buck, boost, or buck-boost converter. The optimizer may include a diode connected in parallel to the output terminals to optimize the power generation amount. The optimizer may block the voltage of each battery string to prevent electric shock. In addition, the photovoltaic module may include a conductor (cable) for connecting to another photovoltaic module. In addition, the optimizer may be electrically connected to an array including a plurality of battery strings connected in series, parallel, or series-parallel. In other words, the optimizer may receive inputs from a plurality of battery strings rather than a single battery string.

[0070] As Figure 8 shown, the optimizer module 121 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include input terminals 1211 and 1212, a power conversion unit 1215, output terminals 1213 and 1214, a bypass unit 1216, and an auxiliary power supply unit 1218.

[0071] The controller 130 may control the power conversion unit 1215 based on the power input through the input terminal 1211. The controller 130 may control the power conversion unit 1215 to convert the power input through the input terminal 1211. The controller 130 may control the power conversion unit 1215 to maximize the output power of the battery string 111 input through the input terminal 1211. The controller may transmit a control signal to the optimizer 121 to operate in the most suitable mode based on information such as input / output voltage and current or temperature. The controller 130 may detect and monitor data from the input terminal side and the output terminal side as well as the internal data of the optimizer to control the power conversion unit 1215. For example, the power of the battery string 111 input through the input terminal 1211, the output power or output current of the power conversion unit 1215, or the current flowing through the output terminal 1213 may be detected. In addition, the controller 130 may control the auxiliary power supply unit 1218 and the bypass unit 1216.

[0072] The bypass unit 1216 may be connected in parallel between the two output terminals 1213 and 1214. The bypass unit 1216 may form a bypass path between the output terminals 1213 and 1214 to bypass the connection with the power conversion unit 1215. When the first current output from the power conversion unit 1215 is lower than the second current flowing through the output terminal, the bypass unit 1216 may turn on. When the first current internally converted and output in the optimizer module 200 is lower than the second current flowing through the output terminal 1213 connected to another optimizer module, the current may flow into the optimizer module 200 from the other output terminal 1213. Therefore, an error or a fault may be caused in the optimizer module 200, or power may be wasted. Therefore, in this case, the current flowing through the output terminal 1213 may flow through the bypass unit 1216 to bypass the optimizer module 200. In this case, the bypass unit 1216 may include a diode. The diode allows current to flow only in one direction and may bypass the current only in that direction.

[0073] The auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can generate auxiliary power using the power input through the input terminal 1211. The optimizer module 200 requires auxiliary power to perform power conversion or control operations. The auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can generate auxiliary power using the power input through the input terminal 1211 and can supply the generated auxiliary power to the power conversion unit 1215. The auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can operate in a step-down mode or a step-up mode. The power input through the input terminal 1211 can vary depending on the power generation amount, but the auxiliary power required for the operation of the power conversion unit 1215 or the controller 130 may not vary. Therefore, when the voltage of the input power supply is lower than the voltage of the auxiliary power supply, the auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can operate in the step-up mode. When the voltage of the input power supply is higher than the voltage of the auxiliary power supply, the auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can operate in the step-down mode.

[0074] Figure 9 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figures 10 to 13 is a description according to Figure 9 the photovoltaic module in the embodiment of Figure 9 The details of each component of the photovoltaic module in the embodiment of Figures 1 to 8 correspond to the details of each component of the photovoltaic module in

[0075] A photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a photovoltaic panel 110 including a plurality of cell strings; a plurality of optimizers 121 respectively electrically connected to output power from the cell strings and electrically connected in series with each other; and a controller 130 electrically connected to opposite ends of the plurality of optimizers electrically connected in series with each other. The controller 130 is disposed in the first housing 310. Each optimizer is disposed in one of the second housings 210-1 to 210-3. The second housing 210-1 is electrically connected in series with another second housing.

[0076] The optimizer 121 and the controller 130 can be disposed in different housings. The controller 130 can be disposed inside the first housing 310, and each optimizer 121 can be respectively provided in each of the second housings 210-1 to 210-3. As Figure 10 shown, the controller 130 and each optimizer 121 can be disposed in the relevant housings. Each second housing 210-1 can be positioned to be serially connected to the adjacent second housings 210-2 and 210-3 such that an array is formed, and the first housing 310 can be connected to opposite ends of the second housing string. The connection between the second housings 210 can be made through a connection unit (connection #1) inside the photovoltaic panel 110 or through an external connection unit (connection #2).

[0077] The first housing 310 may include: two input terminals 331 and 332 connected to opposite ends of a string formed by a plurality of second housings connected in series, and two output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the first housing of an external or another photovoltaic module. As Figure 11 shown, the first housing 310 includes two input terminals 331 and 332 connected to the second housing 210 and two output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the outside. The housing may be provided therein with circuits 321 to 323 required for the operation of the controller 130. As Figure 12 shown, the circuits may be arranged on at least one substrate 320 and may be modularized and mounted on the substrate depending on the functions of the circuits. The controller 130 may detect at least one parameter among voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and solar irradiance from the optimizer 121, and may detect whether an abnormality has occurred in each battery string 111 or each optimizer 121 based on the detected parameter.

[0078] The second housing 210 may include: two input terminals 211 and 212 connected to output terminals at opposite ends of each battery string, and two output terminals 221 and 222 connected to an adjacent second housing or the first housing. Each second housing 210 may be positioned corresponding to the position of each battery string 111, and the input terminals 211 and 212 may be connected to the output terminals at opposite ends of the battery string to receive the output of the battery string. The power input through the input terminals 211 and 212 may be optimized by the maximum power point tracking control of the optimizer. The optimizer 121 may include input terminals 331 and 332, a power conversion unit, and output terminals 342 and 3434, and may further include an auxiliary power supply unit and a bypass unit. In addition, the voltage may be converted by a power conversion unit such as a DC-DC converter included in the optimizer and output to the output terminals 221 and 222. At least one of the output terminals 221 and 222 of the second housing 210 may be connected to the output terminal of another second housing. When the second housing 210 is located at one end of the optimizer string, the other output terminal may be connected to the first housing 310. When the second housing 210 is located at the center of the optimizer string, the other output terminal may be connected to an adjacent second housing on the opposite side.

[0079] The output terminals 221 and 222 may be connected in series to an adjacent second housing. In this case, the output terminals may be connected through a connection unit embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110. In this case, the connection unit embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110 may include a bus bar or a cable. In addition, the connection may be made through a connection unit connected to the outside of the photovoltaic panel. As Figure 10As shown, when the second housing is connected, the second housing can be connected through a connection unit (Connection #1) embedded in the photovoltaic panel 110 or a connection unit (Connection #2) connected to the outside.

[0080] The second housing 210 can include a bypass unit connected in parallel between two output terminals 221 and 222, and can be positioned corresponding to the output terminals of each battery string.

[0081] The first housing 310 or the second housing 210 can include a housing body and a housing cover covering the housing body. The housing body and the housing cover can be formed to have a waterproof structure. The interior of the housing can be formed to have a waterproof structure. The housing can be formed on the surface of the photovoltaic module and can be located outdoors, where it can be exposed to rain. Therefore, the housing can be formed to have a waterproof structure. A waterproof structure can be formed in the optimizer connected to each connection terminal. In other words, the internal structure of the housing is formed to have a waterproof structure, and the optimizer is disposed inside the waterproof structure to protect the internal components of the housing.

[0082] The interior of the first housing 310 or the second housing 210 can be filled with a heat dissipation material. The interior of the housing body can be filled with a heat dissipation material. Heat can be emitted when electricity is converted and can be dissipated to the outside to prevent errors caused by heat. The internal space of the housing can be filled with a material such as silicone resin or epoxy resin.

[0083] The first housing 310 or the second housing 210 can be attached to the photovoltaic panel 110 and can be detached from the photovoltaic panel 110. The optimizer 121 or the controller 130 can be respectively attached to the second housing 210-1 or the first housing 310 and can be detachable from the second housing 210-1 or the first housing 310. The optimizer 121 can be attached to the housing body and detached from the housing body by connecting to or disconnecting from the input terminals 211 and 212 or the output terminals 221 and 222. In this case, each terminal can be thread-coupled. When a failure occurs in the optimizer, only the optimizer can be attached and detached for replacement or repair without removing the entire part of the optimizer module. Alternatively, the optimizer can be arranged in the housing body by various coupling methods such as hook coupling or welding.

[0084] Figure 14 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figures 15 to 17 is a description according to Figure 14 an embodiment in Figure 18 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure, and Figures 19 to 18 is a description according to Figure 18The figure of the photovoltaic module of the embodiment in. According to Figures 14 to 19 The details of each component of the photovoltaic module of the embodiment in correspond to Figures 1 to 13 the details of each component of the photovoltaic module in, and for the sake of clarity, the redundant description will be omitted below.

[0085] The photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a photovoltaic panel 110 including a plurality of cell strings; a first housing 321 connected to one of the plurality of cell strings; and a second housing 220 connected to the cell strings other than the cell string connected to the first housing 321. The second housing 220 includes a first optimizer 121 disposed therein, and the first housing 321 includes a second optimizer 124 serially connected to the first optimizer 121, and a controller 130 connected to the opposite ends of the optimizer string formed by serially connecting the first optimizer 121 to the second optimizer 124.

[0086] According to Figures 3 to 13 the embodiment in, the optimizer and the controller are formed in separate housings. However, in the photovoltaic module according to Figure 14 the embodiment in, the controller is integrated with one of the plurality of optimizers in an integrated housing.

[0087] In other words, the second optimizer 124 and the controller 130 may be disposed in the first housing 321, and the first optimizer 121 may be disposed in the second housing 220. In this case, although the first optimizer 121 and the second optimizer 124 are distinguished, this distinction is based on whether the first optimizer 121 and the second optimizer 124 are disposed in the first housing 321 together with the controller 130 or in the second housing 220. The connection relationship with the cell string 111 and with another optimizer may be the same. In other words, a plurality of optimizers including the second optimizer and a plurality of first optimizers are respectively electrically connected to the output terminals of the cell string 111 and are electrically connected in series with each other. Even though the controller 130 is connected to the opposite ends of the optimizer string formed by the first optimizer 121 and the second optimizer 124, the first optimizer 121 and the second optimizer 124 are a plurality of optimizers connected in series. In other words, the connection relationship between the optimizers and between the controller and the optimizers corresponds to Figures 1 to 13 the configuration of the photovoltaic module shown. Therefore, even if the second optimizer 124 is disposed in the same first housing 321 as the housing of the controller 130, when the second optimizer is located in the middle part of the optimizer string, the controller 130 may be connected to the first optimizer 121 instead of the second optimizer 124. In other words, the second optimizer 124 and the controller 130 included in the same housing may not be directly connected to each other within the housing. As Figure 15As shown, each optimizer is arranged in a relevant housing such that the optimizer is positioned corresponding to the position of each battery string 111. In one of the housings, the optimizer and the controller 130 may be arranged to be integrated together. The controller 130 is arranged at the same position as one optimizer. Thus, the controller 130 is positioned corresponding to the position of one of the battery strings in the battery string.

[0088] In this case, the first housing 321 may include two first input terminals 351 and 352 connected to the output terminals at the opposite ends of the relevant battery string, two first output terminals 361 and 362 connected to the adjacent second housing, two second input terminals 331 and 332 connected to the second housing 220 located at the opposite ends of the optimizer string, and two second output terminals 341 and 342 of the first housing connected to the outside or another photovoltaic power generation module. As Figure 16 shown, when the first housing 321 is between the second housings 220, the first housing 321 includes many more input and output terminals than the input and output terminals of the second housing 220. The number of required connection terminals may vary depending on the connection relationship among the battery string, the optimizer, and the controller. The first housing 321 including the optimizer and the controller requires more input and output terminals than the second housing 220.

[0089] As Figure 17 shown, the first housing 321 may include two first input terminals 351 and 352 connected to the output terminals at the opposite ends of each battery string, two first output terminals 361 and 362 connected to the adjacent second housing 220, two second input terminals 331 and 332 connected to the second housings 220-1 and 220-2 located at the opposite ends of the optimizer string, and two second output terminals 341 and 342 of the first housing connected to the outside or another photovoltaic module. In other words, the first housing 321 may include input and output terminals provided in twice the number of the input and output terminals of the second housing 220. The first input terminals 351 and 352 and the first output terminals 361 and 362 may be connected to the first optimizer 124 inside the housing. The second input terminals 331 and 332 and the second output terminals 341 and 342 may be connected to the controller 130 inside the housing.

[0090] The area where the second optimizer 124 is located and the area where the controller 130 is located may be separated inside the first housing 321 while being insulated from each other. As Figures 14 to 16As shown, it is necessary to prevent the second optimizer 124 from being directly connected to the controller 130. Therefore, the area where the second optimizer 124 is located and the area where the controller 130 is located can be separated from each other. Multiple control modules can be arranged in the area where the controller 130 is located to perform related functions of the control modules. The modules can perform functions such as monitoring, communication, and RSD.

[0091] The controller 130 can detect at least one parameter among voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and solar irradiance from the optimizers 121 and 124, and can detect whether an abnormality occurs in each battery string or each optimizer based on the detected parameter. When an abnormality is detected in each battery string or each optimizer, the controller 130 can limit the voltage output through the second output terminals 341 and 342 to a threshold value or less. For example, the RSD function can be executed to quickly reduce the voltage by limiting the voltage to 1V or lower.

[0092] The second housing 220 can include two first input terminals 211 and 212 connected to the output terminals at the opposite ends of each battery string, and two first output terminals 221 and 222 connected to the adjacent second housing 220 or the first housing 321. The second housing 220 can include a bypass unit 1218 connected in parallel between the two first output terminals 221 and 222. The second housing 220 can be positioned corresponding to the output terminals of each battery string.

[0093] The first housing 321 or the second housing 220 can include a housing body and a housing cover covering the housing body. The housing body and the housing cover can be formed to have a waterproof structure. The interior of the housing can be formed to have a waterproof structure. The housing can be formed on the surface of the photovoltaic module and can be located outdoors, where it can be exposed to rain. Therefore, the housing can be formed to have a waterproof structure. A waterproof structure can be formed in the optimizer connected to each connection terminal. In other words, the internal structure of the housing is formed to have a waterproof structure, and the optimizer is arranged inside the waterproof structure to protect the internal components of the housing.

[0094] The interior of the first housing 321 or the second housing 220 can be filled with a heat dissipation material. The interior of the housing body can be filled with a heat dissipation material. Heat can be emitted when electricity is converted and can be dissipated to the outside to prevent errors caused by heat. The internal space of the housing can be filled with a material such as silicone resin or epoxy resin.

[0095] The first housing 321 or the second housing 220 can be attached to the photovoltaic panel 110 and can be detached from the photovoltaic panel 110. The optimizers 121 and 124 or the controller 130 can be respectively attached to and detached from the second housing 220-1 or the first housing 321. The optimizer 121 can be attached to and detached from the housing body by being connected to or disconnected from the input terminals 211 and 212 or the output terminals 221 and 222. In this case, each terminal can be thread-coupled. When a fault occurs in the optimizer, only the optimizer can be attached and detached for replacement or repair without removing the entire part of the optimizer module. Alternatively, the optimizer can be arranged in the housing body by various coupling means such as hook coupling or welding.

[0096] When the second optimizer 125 is located at one end of the optimizer string, the controller 130 can be connected to the second optimizer 125 within the first housing 322. As Figure 18 shown, when the second optimizer 125 is located at one end of the optimizer string, the second optimizer 125 needs to be connected to the controller 130 located in the same housing. In this case, the second optimizer 125 and the controller 130 can be directly connected inside the housing. In other words, in this case, the connection can be made inside the housing. Therefore, the number of input and output terminals connected to the outside can be reduced.

[0097] In this case, the first housing 322 can include two first input terminals 351 and 352 connected to the output terminals at the opposite ends of each battery string, one first output terminal 362 connected to the adjacent second housing, one second input terminal 322 connected to the second housing 220 located at the opposite ends of the optimizer string, and two second output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the outside or the first housing of another photovoltaic module.

[0098] In Figure 19 which, when compared with Figure 17 and Figure 19When compared, the two input and output terminals connected to the outside can be reduced, and an increase in the length of the internal connection line 370 inside the housing can be recognized. The connection can be made on the substrate through the pattern for connecting the second optimizer 125 and the controller 130 instead of using a separate connection line. In other words, depending on the position of the first housing 322 in which the second optimizer 125 and the controller 130 are integrated, the number of input and output terminals and the number of cables connecting the optimizer and the controller can be reduced. The area where the second optimizer 125 is located and the area where the controller 130 is located can be separated from each other inside the first housing 322 while being insulated from each other. A plurality of control modules can be arranged in the area where the controller 130 is located to perform the related functions of the control modules. Functions such as monitoring, communication, or RSD can be performed.

[0099] The controller 130 can detect at least one parameter among voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and solar irradiance from the optimizers 121 and 125, and can detect whether an abnormality occurs in each battery string or each optimizer based on the detected parameter. When an abnormality is detected in each battery string or each optimizer, the controller 130 can limit the voltage output through the second output terminals 341 and 342 to a threshold value or less. For example, the RSD function can be executed to quickly reduce the voltage by limiting the voltage to 1V or lower.

[0100] The second housing 220-2 can include two first input terminals 211 and 212 connected to the output terminals at the opposite ends of each battery string, and two first output terminals 221 and 222 connected to the adjacent second housing 220 or the first housing 211. The second housing 220 can include a bypass unit 1218 connected in parallel between the two first output terminals 221 and 222. The second housing 220 can be positioned corresponding to the output terminals of each battery string.

[0101] The first housing 322 or the second housing 220 can include a housing body and a housing cover covering the housing body. The housing body and the housing cover can be formed to have a waterproof structure. The inside of the housing can be formed to have a waterproof structure. The housing can be formed on the surface of the photovoltaic module and can be located outdoors, where it can be exposed to rain. Therefore, the housing can be formed to have a waterproof structure. A waterproof structure can be formed in the optimizer connected to each connection terminal. In other words, the internal structure of the housing is formed to have a waterproof structure, and the optimizer is arranged inside the waterproof structure to protect the internal components of the housing.

[0102] The interior of the first housing 322 or the second housing 220 may be filled with a heat dissipating material. The interior of the housing body may be filled with a heat dissipating material. Heat may be emitted when power is converted and may be dissipated to the outside to prevent errors caused by heat. The interior space of the housing may be filled with a material such as silicone resin or epoxy resin.

[0103] The first housing 322 or the second housing 220 may be attached to the photovoltaic panel 110 and may be detachable from the photovoltaic panel 110. The optimizers 122 and 125 or the controller 130 may be respectively attached to and detachable from the second housing 220-2 or the first housing 322. The optimizer 122 may be attached to and detached from the housing body by being connected to or disconnected from the input terminals 211 and 212 or the output terminals 221 and 222. In this case, each terminal may be threadedly coupled. When a failure occurs in the optimizer, only the optimizer may be attached and detached for replacement or repair without removing the entire part of the optimizer module. Alternatively, the optimizer may be arranged in the housing body by various coupling methods such as hook coupling or welding.

[0104] A plurality of photovoltaic modules may be connected to each other. The photovoltaic modules may be connected in series with each other or may be connected to the outside through conductors. Each photovoltaic module may include the above-described photovoltaic panel, optimizer, and controller.

[0105] As described above, the optimizer module may be located at a position corresponding to the output terminals of the battery string. Therefore, the number of cables connecting the photovoltaic panel to the optimizer may be reduced, and the work may be easily performed. In addition, since one controller is connected to a plurality of optimizers, a plurality of optimizers may be controlled by one controller.

[0106] Those skilled in the art to which the technical field of this embodiment pertains will understand that various modifications can be made without departing from the above basic characteristics. Therefore, the third embodiment should be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive aspect. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the claims rather than the above description, and all differences falling within the equivalent scope thereof should be construed as being included in the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, comprising: A photovoltaic panel, the photovoltaic panel including a plurality of cell strings; A plurality of optimizers, the plurality of optimizers being respectively connected to the output power of the cell strings and being connected in series with each other; And A controller, the controller being connected to both ends of the plurality of optimizers connected in series with each other, Wherein each of the optimizers is located at a point corresponding to the output terminal of the associated cell string in the cell strings.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein The controller includes: Two input terminals, the two input terminals being connected to both ends of a string formed by connecting the plurality of optimizers in series with each other; and Two output terminals, the two output terminals being connected to the outside.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein The controller detects at least one parameter among voltage, current, temperature, humidity or solar irradiance from the optimizer.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein, The controller detects an abnormality of each of the cell strings or each of the optimizers based on the parameter.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, The controller includes: A communication unit, the communication unit being used for wired communication or wireless communication with the optimizer or the outside.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, When receiving an RSD signal from the outside or when detecting an abnormality in the cell string or the optimizer, the controller limits the output of the controller to the outside to at least a threshold value.

7. The photovoltaic module according to the claim, wherein, Each of the plurality of optimizers includes: Two input terminals, the two input terminals being connected to the output terminals at both ends of the associated cell string; Two output terminals, the two output terminals being connected to an adjacent optimizer or the controller; and A power conversion unit, the power conversion unit converting the output power of the associated cell string received through the input terminals and outputting a conversion result through the output terminals.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, wherein, The output terminals are connected by a connection unit embedded in the photovoltaic panel.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, wherein, The connection unit embedded in the photovoltaic panel includes a bus bar or a cable.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, wherein, Each of the plurality of optimizers includes: A bypass unit, the bypass unit being connected in parallel between the two output terminals.

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