A dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of dust removal equipment technology in mining, specifically a dust removal device for roadway excavation in rock drilling equipment. It includes a housing, a filter cartridge, and a centrifugal fan and pulse backflushing unit mounted on the housing. The housing is divided into a suction chamber and a filtration chamber by a partition. The filter cartridge is installed below the partition and extends vertically within the filtration chamber. The filter cartridge is equipped with a backflushing mechanism capable of reciprocating up and down. The backflushing mechanism includes an annular guide box and several nozzles evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the annular guide box. This invention utilizes the backflushing mechanism to perform backflushing cleaning compensation on the filter cartridge during the intervals between two pulse backflushing cycles, forming a composite working mechanism of periodic main pulse and continuous auxiliary backflushing during the intermittent period. This can remove dust from the surface of the filter cartridge and the shallow layer of the filter holes in real time, reducing the difficulty of subsequent pulse backflushing cleaning, ensuring stable air permeability of the filter cartridge, and making the cleaning capacity more matched with the dust deposition rate, avoiding a decrease in dust removal efficiency due to lack of cleaning during the intermittent period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dust removal equipment technology for mining, specifically a dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment. Background Technology

[0002] Tunneling is a crucial step in mine tunnel construction and mining operations, involving excavation work within underground rock or soil to create passageways. During tunneling, drilling rigs are used to drill holes in the rock mass in preparation for blasting or the installation of anchor bolts and cables. Drilling generates a large amount of dust. To ensure visibility and air quality at the construction site, dust suppression measures are necessary. Traditional spray-type dust suppression devices leave wastewater on-site; therefore, most systems utilize dust collection equipment for dust removal. Cartridge dust collectors use a fan to generate negative pressure, drawing dust into the filter cartridges where it is filtered and separated. During dust removal, dust can easily accumulate from the outside and penetrate the holes in the filter cartridges, causing blockages. Typically, dust collectors are equipped with pulse-jet cleaning units to clean the inside of the filter cartridges by applying pulses.

[0003] In the high-dust environment of tunnel excavation, continuous operation of the pulse backflushing unit will lead to a surge in compressed air consumption, causing insufficient air pressure. Simultaneously, continuous high-frequency operation of core components is prone to fatigue wear, significantly increasing the risk of failure. Furthermore, continuous backflushing disrupts the stability of the negative pressure suction airflow, resulting in decreased dust removal efficiency and even dust backflow. Therefore, pulse backflushing systems are typically designed with a periodic intermittent operation mechanism, achieving a dynamic balance between cleaning and filtration functions through a set reasonable time interval. However, the large amount of dust at tunnel excavation sites means that the periodic pulse backflushing mechanism suffers from incomplete cleaning and insufficient adaptability. This results in dust deposition rates on the outside of the filter cartridge far exceeding the cleaning capacity of the backflushing cycle, thus affecting the dust removal effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment with good dust removal effect, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution.

[0006] A dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment includes a housing, a filter cartridge, a centrifugal fan and a pulse backflushing unit mounted on the housing. The housing is divided into a suction chamber and a filtration chamber by a partition. The filter cartridge is installed below the partition and extends vertically within the filtration chamber. The filter cartridge is equipped with a backflushing mechanism that can reciprocate and rise and fall. The backflushing mechanism includes an annular guide box and several nozzles evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the annular guide box, which are used to generate backflushing airflow to backflush and clean the filter cartridge during the interval between two pulse cleaning cycles of the pulse backflushing unit.

[0007] The filter cartridge is fitted with a protective cover that can be raised and lowered synchronously with the back-blowing mechanism to shield and protect the back-blowing airflow. An annular ash discharge channel with an opening facing downwards is formed between the protective cover and the outer wall of the filter cartridge. The back-blowing airflow can pass through the filter holes on the filter cartridge and enter the ash discharge channel, rushing out and carrying the dust deposited in the filter holes toward the ash outlet at the bottom of the casing.

[0008] The side of the casing has an exhaust port that communicates with the suction chamber. An air outlet pipe is connected to the exhaust port, and the end of the air outlet pipe is connected to a ventilation duct arranged in the tunnel.

[0009] Preferably, the filter cartridge is provided with a first driving mechanism, and the backflushing mechanism also includes a flow guiding device and a linkage mechanism. The annular flow guiding box is sleeved outside the first driving mechanism. The first driving mechanism can drive the annular flow guiding box to be raised and lowered. The annular flow guiding box is composed of an annular shell with a transverse U-shaped cross section and an opening facing the periphery, and a rotating bushing rotatably mounted on the opening of the annular shell. An annular flow guiding cavity is formed between the annular shell and the rotating bushing.

[0010] Several flow guiding devices are evenly distributed at the bottom of the annular shell. The nozzles are arranged in a ring array on the rotating bushing. The flow guiding devices draw air into the annular flow guiding cavity and spray it out by each nozzle to form a backflow airflow. The first drive mechanism and the annular shell are jointly provided with a linkage mechanism, which is used to adjust the rotation of the rotating bushing when the annular flow guiding box is raised and lowered.

[0011] Preferably, the first drive mechanism includes a first rodless cylinder and a connecting arm. The first rodless cylinder is vertically disposed inside the filter cartridge, and its bottom is fixed to the bottom sealing end of the filter cartridge. The connecting arm is fixed to the side of the first movable seat on the first rodless cylinder and is fixed to the inner edge wall of the annular shell.

[0012] Preferably, the linkage mechanism includes a shaft, gear A, a gear ring, gear B, and a rack. A bracket is fixed to the top of the annular shell. The shaft is rotatably mounted on the bracket. Gear A is fixed to one end of the shaft, and gear B is fixed to the other end. The gear ring is fixed to the top of the rotating bushing and meshes with gear A. The rack is vertically fixed to the side of the seat plate of the first rodless cylinder and meshes with gear B.

[0013] Preferably, a guide plate is fixed on one side of each nozzle on the outer wall of the rotating bushing, and each nozzle extends radially along the rotating bushing. The guide plate extends obliquely relative to the nozzle to guide the backflush airflow obliquely to the filter cartridge.

[0014] Preferably, the nozzle consists of a tapered section fixed on the rotating bushing and an ejector section located at the end of the tapered section. The orifice diameter of the ejector section is smaller than the minimum orifice diameter inside the tapered section. A flow-gathering hood is fixed on each of the guide plates, and a flow-gathering channel is formed between the flow-gathering hood and the guide plate. The backflow airflow blown out by the ejector section can enter the flow-gathering channel accordingly. The span of the flow-gathering channel in the horizontal direction is smaller as it gets closer to the filter cartridge.

[0015] Preferably, the flow guiding device includes an installation cylinder and a suction fan. The flow guiding device is fixed to the bottom of the annular shell and is connected to the annular flow guiding cavity. Each installation cylinder is equipped with a suction fan, and each installation cylinder is provided with a filter screen located below the suction fan.

[0016] Preferably, the cross-section of the protective cover is a vertical part at the bottom and an arc-shaped part at the top. One end of the arc-shaped part is connected to the top of the vertical part, and the other end of the arc-shaped part is movably fitted to the outer wall of the filter cartridge.

[0017] Preferably, the filter chamber is provided with a second drive mechanism for adjusting the lifting of the protective cover. The second drive mechanism includes a pair of U-shaped frames, each consisting of a suspension and two mounting arms, and a second rodless cylinder that is mounted on the two U-shaped frames and extends vertically. Both U-shaped frames are fixed to the inner wall of the housing, and the protective cover is fixedly connected to the second movable seat on the second rodless cylinder.

[0018] Preferably, the side of the housing is provided with a side opening communicating with the filter chamber, and a door panel for sealing the side opening is installed on the side of the housing by a hinge. The door panel can be locked by a latch lock arranged on the housing.

[0019] The dust collection pipe is connected to the dust inlet on the side of the casing, which communicates with the filter chamber, and a dust collection hood is provided at the end of the dust collection pipe.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.

[0021] This invention utilizes a back-flushing mechanism that performs back-flushing during the intervals between adjacent pulses in the pulse back-flushing unit. This mechanism cleans the filter cartridge by back-flushing, forming a composite working mechanism of periodic main pulses and continuous auxiliary back-flushing during the intervals. This mechanism can remove dust from the surface of the filter cartridge and the shallow layer of the filter pores in real time, preventing dust from compacting and adhering due to long-term retention. This reduces the difficulty of cleaning subsequent pulse back-flushing, ensures stable air permeability of the filter cartridge, and breaks the blank period of no cleaning during the pulse intervals. This makes the cleaning capacity more matched with the dust deposition rate and avoids a decrease in dust removal efficiency due to the lack of cleaning during the intervals.

[0022] This invention uses a protective cover to shield and protect the back-blowing airflow, reduce interference and turbulence in the dust-collecting airflow, and prevent energy dispersion. The cover is driven by the second drive mechanism and rises and falls synchronously with the back-blowing mechanism to achieve segmented dust removal and dynamic isolation. It is compatible with the entire length of the filter cartridge. The dust discharge channel formed by the cover and the filter cartridge can guide the airflow downwards. With the help of gravity and airflow drag, the dust is accelerated to settle to the dust outlet at the bottom. The top arc surface reduces dust accumulation, achieving multiple benefits in one go.

[0023] This invention, by adding an inclined guide plate to one side of the nozzle on the rotating bushing side surface, guides the backflush airflow into a fan-shaped diffusion flow field, expanding the airflow coverage of a single nozzle. Combined with lifting and rotation, the backflush airflow complements each other in the horizontal and vertical directions, avoiding backflush dead zones and improving the cleaning effect. Furthermore, the inclined arrangement of the guide plate causes the backflush airflow to be blown obliquely toward the filter cartridge, and the rotation generates a combined shearing and impact effect on the dust, destroying the adhesion between the dust and the filter material and reducing residue.

[0024] This invention utilizes the flow-concentrating cavity formed by the flow-concentrating hood and the flow-guiding plate to constrain and guide the airflow, thereby improving the energy concentration rate. The airflow is accelerated by the first-stage diameter reduction of the tapering section and the second-stage diameter reduction of the flow-concentrating cavity, which strengthens the energy of the back-blowing airflow and improves its impact capability on the dust on the filter cartridge. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the casing in this invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the casing surface in this invention;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram shown omits the casing and accessories on the casing.

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the structure.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the protective cover structure in this invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the filter cartridge in this invention;

[0032] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A partial structural diagram of the structure shown;

[0033] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure from another perspective;

[0034] Figure 10 for Figure 8 One of the schematic diagrams of the cross-section of the structure shown;

[0035] Figure 11 for Figure 8 The second schematic diagram of the cross-section of the structure shown;

[0036] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the linkage mechanism structure in this invention;

[0037] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guide plate and flow concentrator structure in this invention;

[0038] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the guide plate and nozzle structure in this invention;

[0039] Figure 15 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the protective cover in this invention;

[0040] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram showing the flow direction of the backflush airflow generated by the backflush mechanism.

[0041] In the diagram: 01. Centrifugal fan; 02. Pulse backflushing unit; 1. Housing; 101. Side opening; 102. Door panel; 103. Hook and loop lock; 11. Partition; 12. Suction chamber; 13. Filter chamber; 14. Ash inlet; 141. Dust collection pipe; 142. Dust collection hood; 15. Exhaust port; 151. Air outlet pipe; 16. Ash outlet; 2. Filter cartridge; 3. First drive mechanism; 31. First rodless cylinder; 311. First movable seat; 32. Connecting arm; 4. Backflushing mechanism; 41. Annular guide box; 411. Annular shell; 412. Rotating bushing; 413. Annular guide chamber; 4 2. Nozzle; 421. Tapered section; 422. Ejector section; 43. Flow guide device; 431. Mounting cylinder; 432. Suction fan; 433. Filter screen; 44. Linkage mechanism; 441. Bracket; 442. Shaft; 443. Gear A; 444. Gear ring; 445. Gear B; 446. Rack; 45. Flow guide plate; 46. Flow gatherer; 461. Flow gatherer cavity; 5. Second drive mechanism; 51. Mounting arm; 52. Suspension; 53. Second rodless cylinder; 531. Second movable seat; 6. Protective cover; 601. Vertical section; 602. Arc-shaped section; 61. Ash discharge channel. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Please see Figures 1-16 The present invention provides a dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment. The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] The dust removal device includes a housing 1, a filter cartridge 2, and a centrifugal fan 01 and a pulse backflushing unit 02 mounted on the housing 1. The housing 1 is divided into a suction chamber 12 and a filtration chamber 13 by a partition 11. The filter cartridge 2 is mounted below the partition 11 and extends vertically within the filtration chamber 13. The centrifugal fan 01 is mounted on the top of the housing 1, with its impeller located within the suction chamber 12. The side of the housing 1 has an exhaust port 15 communicating with the suction chamber 12 and an inlet port 14 communicating with the filtration chamber 13. The pulse backflushing unit 02 is mounted on the outer side of the housing 1, and part of the pulse backflushing unit 02 extends into the suction chamber 12 and is vertically downward aligned with the top of the filter cartridge 2. The centrifugal fan 01 and the pulse backflushing unit 02 both adopt existing technology, and their specific structures and working principles will not be described in detail in this application.

[0044] In addition, the bottom of the housing 1 has an ash outlet 16 that communicates with the bottom of the filter chamber 13, and a dust collection pipe 141 is connected to the ash inlet 14. The end of the dust collection pipe 141 is provided with a dust collection cover 142.

[0045] The side of the housing 1 has an exhaust port 15 that communicates with the suction chamber 12. An air outlet 151 is connected to the exhaust port 15. The end of the air outlet 151 is connected to an interface on the ventilation duct arranged in the alleyway through a flange (not shown in the figure). The clean air discharged after dust removal flows into the air outlet 151 through the exhaust port 15 and is transported to the ventilation duct through the air outlet 151 as ventilation compensation.

[0046] The ventilation system installed in the tunnel is used to deliver fresh air. It adopts existing technology, and the ventilation pipe is a conventional component of the ventilation system, which is not shown in the attached figure. This dust removal device works closely with the ventilation system to realize the collaborative operation mechanism of the dust removal device and the ventilation system.

[0047] The housing 1 is mounted on the rock drilling rig, and the dust collection hood 142 is mounted on the front side of the rock drilling rig. The dust collection hood 142 is connected to the ash inlet 14 by the dust collection pipe 141. During rock drilling, the centrifugal fan 01 generates negative pressure, which draws the dust generated at the drill bit through the dust collection hood 142, the dust collection pipe 141 and the ash inlet 14 into the filter chamber 13. The air passes through the filter holes on the filter cylinder 2 and enters the suction chamber 12, and is finally discharged from the exhaust port 15. The dust and particulate matter are filtered out by the filter cylinder 2 and settle downwards, and are finally discharged from the ash outlet 16, thereby achieving dust removal during tunnel excavation, preventing dust from spreading randomly, and ensuring visibility and air quality on site.

[0048] The ventilation pipe is provided with interfaces at intervals along the tunneling direction to mate with the end flange of the air outlet pipe 151. As the tunneling progresses, the end flange of the air outlet pipe 151 can be adjusted to connect with the interface at the next position to cooperate with the tunneling progress. The other interfaces that are not connected to the air outlet pipe 151 are sealed with caps. In addition, the air outlet pipe 151 is made of flexible hose to accommodate the movement of engineering vehicles in local areas within the tunnel.

[0049] Secondly, by installing a spray box (not shown in the figure) at the bottom of the ash outlet 16, the dust is collected and sprayed and settled in the spray box to prevent wastewater from flowing randomly on site.

[0050] Please see Figure 5 and Figure 7 The filter cartridge 2 is equipped with a back-blowing mechanism 4 that can reciprocate and rise. The back-blowing mechanism 4 consists of an annular guide box 41, a number of nozzles 42 evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the annular guide box 41, and a guide device 43 evenly distributed at the bottom of the annular guide box 41. The guide device 43 draws air into the annular guide box 41 and blows it outward from the nozzles 42, forming a back-blowing airflow that blows onto the filter cartridge 2, which can back-blowing clean the filter holes on the filter cartridge 2.

[0051] Specifically, the pulse backflushing unit 02 operates periodically. During the interval between two adjacent pulses of the pulse backflushing unit 02, the backflushing mechanism 4 backflushes and cleans the filter cartridge 2, forming a composite working mechanism of periodic main pulse and continuous auxiliary backflushing during the interval. This can remove dust from the surface of the filter cartridge 2 and the shallow layer of the filter holes in real time, preventing dust from being compacted and adhered due to long-term retention, reducing the difficulty of cleaning subsequent pulse backflushing, ensuring stable air permeability of the filter cartridge 2, breaking the blank period of no cleaning during the pulse interval, making the cleaning ability more matched with the dust deposition rate, and avoiding the decrease in dust removal efficiency caused by the lack of cleaning during the interval.

[0052] like Figures 7-12 As shown, the filter cartridge 2 is provided with a first drive mechanism 3, and the annular guide box 41 is sleeved outside the first drive mechanism 3. The first drive mechanism 3 can drive the annular guide box 41 to be raised and lowered. The first drive mechanism 3 can drive the back-blowing mechanism 4 to be raised and lowered within the filter cartridge 2 to ensure that the back-blowing range is sufficient to cover the height of the filter cartridge 2.

[0053] Furthermore, the annular guide box 41 consists of an annular shell 411 with a transverse U-shaped cross-section and an opening facing outwards, and a rotating bushing 412 rotatably mounted on the opening of the annular shell 411. An annular guide cavity 413 is formed between the annular shell 411 and the rotating bushing 412. Several guide devices 43 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the annular shell 411. The nozzles 42 are arranged in annular array on the rotating bushing 412. The guide devices 43 are evenly distributed at the bottom of the annular shell 411. The guide cylinders of the guide devices 43 and the nozzles 42 are realized through the annular guide cavity 413. The first drive mechanism 3 and the annular shell 411 are jointly provided with a linkage mechanism 44, which is used to adjust the rotation of the rotating bushing 412 when the annular guide box 41 is raised and lowered.

[0054] like Figure 8 As shown, the first drive mechanism 3 includes a first rodless cylinder 31 and a connecting arm 32. The first rodless cylinder 31 is vertically disposed inside the filter cartridge 2, and its bottom is fixed to the bottom sealing end of the filter cartridge 2. The connecting arm 32 is fixed to the side of the first movable seat 311 on the first rodless cylinder 31 and is fixed to the inner edge wall of the annular shell 411. By working, the first movable seat 311 on it can be driven to move up and down. Under the fixed connection of the connecting arm 32, the annular shell 411 can be driven to move up and down synchronously, thereby providing a stable linear drive for the lifting and adjusting of the backflushing mechanism 4.

[0055] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the flow guiding device 43 includes an installation cylinder 431 and a suction fan 432. The flow guiding device 43 is fixed to the bottom of the annular shell 411 and is connected to the annular flow guiding cavity 413. Each installation cylinder 431 is equipped with a suction fan 432, and each installation cylinder 431 is provided with a filter screen 433 located below the suction fan 432. When the suction fan 432 is working, external air is drawn into the installation cylinder 431 and introduced into the annular flow guiding cavity 413, which can provide an air source for the backflush airflow ejected by the nozzle 42.

[0056] like Figure 12 As shown, the linkage mechanism 44 includes a shaft 442, gear A 443, gear ring 444, gear B 445, and rack 446. A bracket 441 is fixed to the top of the annular shell 411. The shaft 442 is rotatably mounted on the bracket 441 through the shaft. Gear A 443 is fixed to one end of the shaft 442, and gear B 445 is fixed to the other end. The gear ring 444 is fixed to the top of the rotating bushing 412 and meshes with gear A 443. The rack 446 is vertically fixed to the side of the seat plate of the first rodless cylinder 31 and meshes with gear B 445.

[0057] During the lifting and lowering of the annular guide box 41, the rack 446 meshes with the drive gear B445 and drives the shaft 442 to rotate, which in turn drives the gear A443 to rotate. The rotating gear A443 meshes with the drive gear ring 444 and drives the rotating bushing 412 to rotate. Thus, during the lifting and lowering of the annular guide box 41, the rotating bushing 412 and the nozzle 42 can rotate in conjunction to achieve a rotating backflush effect, so that the backflush airflow ejected by the nozzle 42 can complement each other in the horizontal direction to ensure that it can cover the circumference of the filter cartridge 2.

[0058] Please see Figures 8-13 A guide plate 45 is fixed on one side of each nozzle 42 on the outer wall of the rotating bushing 412. Each nozzle 42 extends radially along the rotating bushing 412, and the guide plate 45 extends obliquely relative to the nozzle 42 to guide the backflushing airflow obliquely onto the filter cartridge 2. Figure 14 As shown, the angle between the guide plate 45 and the nozzle 42 is defined as R, where 5°≤R≤15°, and R is preferably 10° in this application.

[0059] Since the range of gas ejected by nozzle 42 is limited, a guide plate 45 extending at an angle relative to nozzle 42 is added to one side of each nozzle 42 on the side surface of rotating bushing 412, such as... Figure 16 As shown, the dashed arrows indicate the direction of the backflush airflow. After the backflush airflow impacts the guide plate 45, it is guided and dispersed by the guide plate 45 to form a fan-shaped diffusion flow field. This prevents the backflush airflow from being limited to the direct range of the nozzle 42, effectively increasing the coverage range of the airflow ejected from a single nozzle 42. Combined with the lifting and rotating effects, the backflush airflows supplement each other in the horizontal direction and further supplement each other in the vertical direction, ensuring that the backflush range is sufficient to cover most of the area on the filter cartridge 2, avoiding backflush dead zones and improving the cleaning effect on the filter cartridge 2.

[0060] Furthermore, the guide plate 45 is arranged at a slight angle relative to the nozzle 42, which intercepts and guides the back-blowing airflow and blows it onto the filter cartridge 2 at an angle. Combined with the rotation effect, it produces a combined shearing and impact effect on the dust deposited on the outer surface of the filter cartridge 2 and in the filter holes on it. Compared with vertical blowing, it can more effectively destroy the adhesion between the dust and the filter material, significantly improve the dust removal effect, and reduce dust residue.

[0061] In addition, such as Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, the nozzle 42 consists of a tapered portion 421 fixed on the rotating bushing 412 and an ejector portion 422 located at the end of the tapered portion 421. The orifice diameter of the ejector portion 422 is smaller than the minimum orifice diameter inside the tapered portion 421. A flow-concentrating hood 46 is fixed on each of the guide plates 45. A flow-concentrating channel 461 is formed between the flow-concentrating hood 46 and the guide plate 45. The backflow airflow blown out by the ejector portion 422 can enter the flow-concentrating channel 461. The span of the flow-concentrating channel 461 in the horizontal direction is smaller as it gets closer to the filter cartridge 2.

[0062] The flow-gathering cavity 461 formed between the flow-gathering hood 46 and the guide plate 45 improves the capture and guidance effect of the airflow, avoiding the airflow from directly impacting the surface of the guide plate 45 and spreading disorderly. Through channel constraint, the energy concentration rate of the airflow is effectively improved, ensuring that the backflush airflow acts precisely on the filter cartridge 2 at a directional tilt angle, reducing airflow scattering loss. The flow-gathering cavity 461 has a narrowing design in the horizontal direction, which is smaller as it gets closer to the filter cartridge 2, and the diameter of the tapered section 421 is smaller as it gets closer to the ejection section 422. This design enhances the effect of the backflush airflow. The airflow undergoes primary tapering and acceleration through the tapered section 421, and then secondary tapering and acceleration through the flow-gathering cavity 461. The energy of the backflush airflow is effectively strengthened. The synergistic effect of multiple functions achieves the constraint and guidance of the backflush airflow and secondary tapering and acceleration, improving the dust impact capability on the filter cartridge 2.

[0063] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The filter cartridge 2 is fitted with a protective cover 6 that can rise and fall synchronously with the backflushing mechanism 4 to shield and protect the backflushing airflow. Figure 15 As shown, the cross-section of the protective cover 6 is shaped like a vertical part 601 at the bottom and an arc-shaped part 602 at the top. One end of the arc-shaped part 602 is connected to the top of the vertical part 601, and the other end of the arc-shaped part 602 is movably fitted to the outer wall of the filter cartridge 2, as shown. Figure 16 As shown in the figure, the dashed arrow indicates the direction of the backflush airflow. An annular ash discharge channel 61 with the opening facing downwards is formed between the protective cover 6 and the outer wall of the filter cartridge 2. The backflush airflow blown out from the convergence channel 461 passes through the filter holes on the filter cartridge 2 and enters the ash discharge channel 61. It can flush out and carry the dust deposited on the filter cartridge 2 and in the filter holes of the filter cartridge 2 towards the ash outlet 16 at the bottom of the casing 1.

[0064] The protective cover 6 can shield and protect the back-blowing airflow, reduce the interference and turbulence caused by the dust collection airflow to the back-blowing airflow, and prevent the back-blowing airflow from being disturbed and its energy from being dispersed. Under the driving action of the second drive mechanism 5, the protective cover 6 rises and falls synchronously with the back-blowing mechanism 4 to realize a combined working mode of segmented dust removal and dynamic isolation, ensuring that it is compatible with the entire length of the filter cartridge 2. The ash discharge channel 61 formed between the protective cover 6 and the filter cartridge 2 can guide the airflow downward to be discharged, realizing the dual effect of gravity and airflow drag, so that the discharged dust moves downward faster and is directly guided to the ash outlet 16 at the bottom of the dust collector, promoting the dust settling and discharge. In addition, the arc surface at the top of the protective cover 6 can reduce the accumulation of dust, achieving multiple benefits.

[0065] The filter chamber 13 is equipped with a second drive mechanism 5 for adjusting the height of the cover 6. The second drive mechanism 5 includes a pair of U-shaped frames, each composed of a suspension 52 and two mounting arms 51, and a second rodless cylinder 53 that is mounted on the two U-shaped frames and extends vertically. Both U-shaped frames are fixed to the inner wall of the housing 1. The cover 6 is fixedly connected to the second movable seat 531 on the second rodless cylinder 53. The second rodless cylinder 53 is vertically mounted in the filter chamber 13 using the U-shaped frames composed of the suspension 52 and mounting arms 51. The second rodless cylinder 53 drives the second movable seat 531 on it to move up and down, thereby driving the cover 6 to move up and down simultaneously. The second movable seat 531 and the first movable seat 311 move up and down synchronously, thereby ensuring that the cover 6 and the back-blowing mechanism 4 move up and down synchronously.

[0066] like Figure 3 As shown, the side of the housing 1 is provided with a side opening 101 that communicates with the filter chamber 13. A door panel 102 for sealing the side opening 101 is hinged to the side of the housing 1. The door panel 102 can be locked by a latch lock 103 arranged on the housing 1. When the door panel 102 is locked with the latch lock 103 to seal the side opening 101, it is convenient for the system to perform dust collection. When the door panel 102 is opened, the side opening 101 facilitates the inspection, maintenance and cleaning of the components inside the housing 1.

[0067] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment, comprising a housing (1), a filter cartridge (2), and a centrifugal fan (01) and a pulse backflushing unit (02) mounted on the housing (1), wherein the housing (1) is divided into a suction chamber (12) and a filter chamber (13) by a partition (11), and the filter cartridge (2) is mounted below the partition (11) and extends vertically within the filter chamber (13), characterized in that: The filter cartridge (2) is provided with a back-blowing mechanism (4) that can reciprocate and rise and fall. The back-blowing mechanism (4) includes an annular guide box (41) and a number of nozzles (42) evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the annular guide box (41), which are used to generate back-blowing airflow to back-blow and clean the filter cartridge (2) during the interval between two pulse cleanings of the pulse back-blowing unit (02). The filter cartridge (2) is fitted with a protective cover (6) that can rise and fall synchronously with the back-blowing mechanism (4) to shield and protect the back-blowing airflow. The protective cover (6) and the outer wall of the filter cylinder (2) form an annular ash discharge channel (61) with the opening facing downward. The back-blowing airflow can pass through the filter holes on the filter cylinder (2) and enter the ash discharge channel (61), rush out and carry the dust deposited in the filter holes toward the ash outlet (16) at the bottom of the casing (1). The side of the housing (1) has an exhaust port (15) that communicates with the suction chamber (12). An air outlet pipe (151) is connected to the exhaust port (15), and the end of the air outlet pipe (151) is connected to a ventilation pipe arranged in the roadway. The filter cartridge (2) is provided with a first drive mechanism (3); The backflush mechanism (4) also includes a flow guide device (43) and a linkage mechanism (44). The annular flow guide box (41) is sleeved outside the first drive mechanism (3), and the first drive mechanism (3) can drive the annular flow guide box (41) to perform lifting and lowering adjustment; The annular flow guide box (41) consists of an annular shell (411) with a transverse U-shaped cross section and an opening facing the periphery, and a rotating bushing (412) rotatably mounted on the opening of the annular shell (411). An annular flow guide cavity (413) is formed between the annular shell (411) and the rotating bushing (412). The bottom of the annular shell (411) is evenly distributed with a plurality of the flow guiding devices (43), and the nozzles (42) are arranged in annular array on the rotating bushing (412); The air guiding device (43) draws air into the annular air guiding cavity (413) and sprays it out from each of the nozzles (42) to form a backflow airflow; The first drive mechanism (3) and the annular shell (411) are jointly provided with a linkage mechanism (44) for adjusting the rotation of the rotating bushing (412) when the annular guide box (41) is raised or lowered. The linkage mechanism (44) includes a shaft (442), gear A (443), gear ring (444), gear B (445), and rack (446). The top of the annular shell (411) is fixed with a bracket (441), and the shaft (442) is rotatably mounted on the bracket (441) through it; One end of the shaft (442) is fixed with gear A (443), and the other end is fixed with gear B (445). The gear ring (444) is fixed to the top of the rotating bushing (412) and meshes with the gear A (443); The first drive mechanism (3) includes a first rodless cylinder (31) and a connecting arm (32); The first rodless cylinder (31) is vertically installed inside the filter cartridge (2), and its bottom is fixed to the bottom sealing end of the filter cartridge (2); The rack (446) is vertically fixed to the side of the seat plate of the first rodless cylinder (31) and meshes with the gear B (445).

2. The dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting arm (32) is fixed to the side of the first movable seat (311) on the first rodless cylinder (31) and fixed to the inner edge wall of the annular shell (411).

3. A dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide plate (45) is fixed on one side of each nozzle (42) on the outer wall of the rotating bushing (412). Each of the nozzles (42) extends radially along the rotating bushing (412); The guide plate (45) extends obliquely relative to the nozzle (42) to guide the backflush airflow obliquely onto the filter cartridge (2).

4. A dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nozzle (42) consists of a tapered portion (421) fixed on the rotating bushing (412) and an ejection portion (422) located at the end of the tapered portion (421); The diameter of the ejection section (422) is smaller than the minimum diameter of the tapered section (421); Each of the guide plates (45) is fixed with a flow-concentrating hood (46), and a flow-concentrating cavity (461) is formed between the flow-concentrating hood (46) and the guide plate (45). The backflow airflow blown out by the ejector (422) can enter the converging cavity (461); The horizontal span of the flow-gathering channel (461) is smaller as it gets closer to the filter cartridge (2).

5. A dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guiding device (43) includes an installation cylinder (431) and a suction fan (432). The flow guiding device (43) is fixed to the bottom of the annular shell (411) and is connected to the annular flow guiding cavity (413); Each of the aforementioned mounting cylinders (431) is equipped with a suction fan (432); Each of the mounting cylinders (431) is provided with a filter screen (433) located below the suction fan (432).

6. A dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective cover (6) has a cross-section with a vertical part (601) at the bottom and an arc-shaped part (602) at the top; One end of the arc-shaped portion (602) is connected to the top of the vertical portion (601), and the other end of the arc-shaped portion (602) is movably fitted to the outer wall of the filter cartridge (2).

7. A dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter chamber (13) is provided with a second drive mechanism (5) for driving the protective cover (6) to rise and fall. The second drive mechanism (5) includes a pair of U-shaped frames, each composed of a suspension (52) and two mounting arms (51), and a second rodless cylinder (53) mounted on the two U-shaped frames and extending vertically. Both U-shaped frames are fixed to the inner wall of the housing (1); The protective cover (6) is fixedly connected to the second movable seat (531) on the second rodless cylinder (53).

8. A dust removal device for tunnel excavation in rock drilling equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The side of the housing (1) is provided with a side opening (101) communicating with the filter chamber (13), and a door panel (102) for sealing the side opening (101) is installed on the side of the housing (1) by a hinge. The door panel (102) can be locked by a latch (103) arranged on the housing (1); The casing (1) has a dust inlet (14) on its side that communicates with the filter chamber (13) and is connected to a dust collection pipe (141). The end of the dust collection pipe (141) is provided with a dust collection cover (142).

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