Anti-blocking and heat-tracing-free system of dedusting ash bucket based on nano material

Abstract

The invention discloses a nano-material-based anti-blocking heat-tracing-free system for a dedusting ash bucket, which comprises a dedusting ash bucket, the inner wall of the dedusting ash bucket is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating, the nano-ceramic material coating comprises a base layer, a reinforcing layer, a functional layer and a protective layer from inside to outside in sequence, an anti-blocking layer is additionally arranged at the inlet of a fluidization air pipeline of the dedusting ash bucket, and a heat-tracing-free layer is additionally arranged at the inlet of the fluidization air pipeline of the dedusting ash bucket. The dust remover ash bucket is provided with a charge quantity detection and control system, and the outer wall of the dust remover ash bucket is provided with an unblocking device. According to the anti-blocking heat-tracing-free system for the dedusting ash bucket based on the nanometer materials, due to the design of a multi-layer structure, the defect of a single coating is effectively overcome, and the blocking problem of the ash bucket in the actual operation process is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ash hopper anti-blocking in dust removal systems, and particularly relates to a dust removal ash hopper anti-blocking and heat tracing-free system based on nanomaterials. Background Art

[0002] In the actual operation of dust removal systems, ash hopper anti-blocking is always a key link to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the system. The application of nanoceramic material coatings in the field of ash hopper anti-blocking has brought new ideas for solving related problems, but there are still many challenges in its current application.

[0003] Currently, in the use of nanoceramic material coatings, a single coating design is mostly adopted. Under this design, although the coating has basic characteristics such as making the contact surface smoother, reducing the friction coefficient, promoting smooth ash flow, and being wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, high-temperature resistant, and insulating, its functions are relatively single and it is difficult to fully meet the anti-blocking requirements under complex working conditions.

[0004] The single coating cannot achieve a comprehensive improvement in performance through the synergistic effect between layers of materials. In actual working conditions, the ash hopper faces various complex situations, such as high temperature, high humidity, strongly corrosive gases, and dust erosion of different properties. The single coating is difficult to cope with these complex factors simultaneously, resulting in a gradual decline in the anti-blocking effect of the coating during long-term use, being unable to continuously and effectively prevent coal ash caking and adhesion, thereby affecting the normal ash discharge of the ash hopper and increasing the equipment maintenance frequency and cost.

[0005] Moreover, due to the lack of detailed technical solutions for the specific multi-layer materials of the nanoceramic material coating and their arrangement methods. This makes it impossible for R & D personnel to improve the performance of the ash hopper anti-blocking and heat tracing-free system by optimizing the coating structure, and it is difficult to effectively solve the blockage problem of the ash hopper during actual operation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a dust removal ash hopper anti-blocking and heat tracing-free system based on nanomaterials, which solves the problem of ash hopper blockage in existing dust removal systems.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that a dust removal ash hopper anti-blocking and heat tracing-free system based on nanomaterials includes a dust collector ash hopper, the inner wall of the dust collector ash hopper is coated with a nanoceramic material coating, the nanoceramic material coating is successively composed of a base layer, a reinforcement layer, a functional layer, and a protective layer from the inside to the outside, an anti-blocking device is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air pipeline of the dust collector ash hopper, and a charge quantity detection and control system is installed on the dust collector ash hopper; a clogging removal device is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector ash hopper.

[0008] The characteristics of the present invention also lie in: The base layer is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent. The addition amount of the silane coupling agent is 1% - 5% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide, and the silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

[0009] The reinforcing layer is composed of a composite of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles. The mass ratio of silicon carbide nanofibers to alumina nanoparticles is 1 - 3:1; the silicon carbide nanofibers are of α-SiC crystal form, with a diameter of 50nm - 100nm, a length of 2μm - 4μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1.

[0010] The functional layer is composed of a rare-earth element-doped zirconia nano-material. The addition amount of the rare-earth element is 0.2% - 8% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the rare-earth element is one or more of lanthanum and cerium.

[0011] When doped with lanthanum, the addition amount of lanthanum is 0.2% - 3.6% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% - 2%; when doped with cerium, the addition amount of cerium is 0.2% - 5.4% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% - 3%; when doped with both lanthanum and cerium, the addition amount of lanthanum and cerium is 0.4% - 7.2% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 - 2:1.

[0012] The protective layer is selected from fluoropolymer nano-materials, and the mass of the fluoropolymer is not less than 95%. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0013] The anti-blocking device is used to send the negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct.

[0014] The charge detection and control system measures the charge amount of the soot in the dust collector and is used to control the operation of the anti-blocking device.

[0015] The clogging removal device includes a vibrating motor or an air cannon and is used to perform ash cleaning operations on the hopper wall in an emergency state.

[0016] The thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is between 50μm and 200μm.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat-freezing system based on nanomaterials of the present invention, with a multi-layer structure design, effectively overcomes the defects of a single coating and solves the blockage problem of the hopper during actual operation. The base layer enhances the adhesion to the inner wall of the hopper through a silane coupling agent, and the self-cleaning property of nano-titanium dioxide keeps the coating surface clean, facilitating the sliding of ash powder; the reinforcing layer is composed of a composite of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, enhancing the wear resistance and impact resistance of the coating, and can withstand the scouring of coal ash; the functional layer is doped with rare earth elements to achieve heat insulation and anti-static functions, reducing ash powder caking and static adsorption; the protective layer uses a fluoropolymer nanomaterial to reduce the surface energy, prevent ash powder adhesion and resist chemical corrosion. The overall system has low energy consumption. Compared with traditional anti-blocking methods, it greatly reduces the operating cost and prolongs the service life of the hopper. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat-freezing system based on nanomaterials provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the coating structure of the nano-ceramic material in FIG.

[0019] In the figure, 1. nano-ceramic material coating, 2. anti-blocking device, 3. charge detection and control system, 4. clogging removal device, 5. base layer, 6. reinforcing layer, 7. functional layer, 8. protective layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0020] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] The dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat-freezing system based on nanomaterials, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown in the figure, it includes a nano-ceramic material coating 1 coated on the inner wall of the dust collector hopper. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 is successively composed of a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8 from the inside to the outside. The base layer, as the part directly in contact with the inner wall of the hopper, uses a thermal spraying process to coat nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent on the inner wall of the hopper to form the base layer. The addition amount of the silane coupling agent is 1% - 5% of the mass of nano-titanium dioxide, and the silane coupling agent is selected from γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The silane coupling agent can form a strong chemical bond with the metal surface of the inner wall of the hopper, enhancing the adhesion between the coating and the hopper, and effectively avoiding the problem of coating peeling off during long-term use. The self-cleaning property of nano-titanium dioxide can decompose a small amount of organic matter adsorbed on the surface of the coating, such as organic impurities in dust, preventing its gradual accumulation from affecting the smooth flow of ash powder, and always keeping the surface of the coating clean, creating good conditions for the subsequent sliding of ash powder. Then, a composite of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles is coated on the base layer by solution impregnation method to form a reinforcing layer. The mass ratio of silicon carbide nanofibers to alumina nanoparticles is 1 - 3:1. The silicon carbide nanofibers are of α-SiC crystal type, with a diameter of 50nm - 100nm, a length of 2μm - 4μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. Such silicon carbide nanofibers have the characteristics of high strength and high modulus, and can build a stable framework structure inside the coating, improving the wear resistance and impact resistance of the coating; the alumina nanoparticles are filled in the gaps between the silicon carbide nanofibers, enhancing the hardness and stability of the coating, enabling it to withstand the impact force and friction force when coal ash falls. Then, a zirconia nano-material doped with rare earth elements (one or more of lanthanum and cerium) is prepared by sol-gel method and coated on the reinforcing layer to form a functional layer. The addition amount of the rare earth element is 0.2% - 8% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the rare earth element is selected from one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When doping lanthanum, the addition amount of lanthanum is 0.2% - 3.6% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% - 2%; when doping cerium, the addition amount of cerium is 0.2% - 5.4% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% - 3%; when doping lanthanum and cerium simultaneously, the addition amount of lanthanum and cerium is 0.4% - 7.2% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 - 2:1. The doping of rare earth elements changes the crystal structure of zirconia, endowing the coating with good heat insulation performance, reducing heat loss inside the hopper, and reducing the risk of ash powder caking due to temperature changes; at the same time, this layer has antistatic performance, preventing dust from accumulating on the inner wall of the hopper due to electrostatic adsorption, keeping the inner wall of the hopper clean, and promoting the smooth sliding of ash powder. Finally, a fluoropolymer nano-material of polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride is coated on the functional layer by spraying process to form a protective layer.Meanwhile, clean and roughen the coated surface (i.e., the surface of the functional layer), then wash and dry it with a cleaning agent to increase the adhesion between the protective layer and the functional layer. During the spraying process, the spray gun pressure is maintained within the range of 0.3 MPa to 0.5 MPa to ensure that the material can be evenly sprayed on the surface of the functional layer; the spraying distance is controlled at about 15 cm to 25 cm to avoid the coating being too thick or uneven due to too close a distance, and too far a distance will reduce the dispersion of the material and affect the coating quality; the spraying angle is kept perpendicular to the coated surface to ensure uniform coating thickness. After coating, curing treatment is carried out, and the curing temperature and time are determined according to the characteristics of the fluoropolymer. For polytetrafluoroethylene, it is usually cured in an environment of 350 °C to 400 °C for 1 hour to 2 hours; for polyvinylidene fluoride, it is cured at 180 °C to 220 °C for 0.5 hour to 1 hour to form a stable structure of the protective layer. The protective layer has an extremely low surface energy, making it difficult for ash powder to adhere when contacting the coating surface, further reducing the friction coefficient of the ash flow and ensuring smoother ash flow. At the same time, the excellent chemical corrosion resistance of the fluoropolymer nanomaterial can effectively resist the erosion of chemical substances such as acids and alkalis on the coating, extend the service life of the coating, and comprehensively protect the inner wall of the ash hopper.

[0022] Each layer of the coating is heat-treated after coating to ensure the performance of the coating and the bonding strength between layers. During the heat treatment process, the temperature change curve is controlled. The heating rate is controlled at 5 °C / min to 10 °C / min, the holding time is generally 30 minutes to 12 minutes, and the cooling rate is controlled at 3 °C / min to 5 °C / min to avoid defects such as cracks and delamination in the coating due to improper temperature changes, and ensure the quality and performance of the entire nano-ceramic material coating.

[0023] The anti-blocking device is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air pipeline of the dust collector ash hopper. The selection of this position can ensure that the negative ion beam generated by it directly acts on the fly ash entering the ash hopper. When connecting the relevant lines and pipelines, pay attention to the correct connection of the lines to avoid the situation that the equipment cannot work properly due to incorrect wiring. The pipeline connection should be smooth without bending or blockage to ensure that the negative ion beam can be smoothly sent into the fluidizing air pipeline. The anti-blocking device uses high-efficiency high-frequency high-voltage soft-switching inverter technology, embedded control technology and energy optimization software technology to send the negative ion beam into the fluidizing air pipeline. By ionizing the fly ash, the repulsion force between the fly ash is increased to prevent it from agglomerating into blocks, enhancing the dispersion effect of the dust, and reducing the possibility of fly ash caking and blocking in the ash hopper from the source. The charge quantity detection and control system 3 uses AC charge coupling technology and digital signal processing technology. During the flow of the flue gas, the charge quantity of the soot is measured by a special sensor, and the negative ion output of the anti-blocking device is adjusted according to the measurement result to ensure the stability of the dust removal efficiency. An anti-blocking device (vibrating motor or air cannon) is installed on the outer wall of the ash hopper and debugged. In the event of an accident, the equipment is started to clean the ash hopper wall to eliminate arching and sticking of the ash hopper.

[0024] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: In the normal working state, the nano-ceramic material coating 1 on the inner wall of the dust collector ash hopper has a smooth surface and anti-sticking performance, enabling the ash powder to slide smoothly. The charge quantity detection and control system 3 monitors the charge quantity of the dust in real time. When the detected charge quantity is too low, the anti-blocking device 2 is remotely controlled to add negative ion charges to the fluidizing air to prevent the fly ash from sticking. In case of special situations such as caking and ash blocking inside the ash hopper, the anti-blocking device 4 is started for accident handling, and the anti-blocking frequency and intensity of the anti-blocking device are adjusted according to the degree of caking and ash blocking.

[0025] Embodiment 1 The dust removal ash hopper anti-blocking and heat-free system based on nano-materials includes a dust collector ash hopper. The inner wall of the dust collector ash hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating 1. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 includes a base layer 5, a reinforcement layer 6, a functional layer 7 and a protective layer 8 from the inside to the outside. An anti-blocking device 2 is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air pipeline of the dust collector ash hopper. A charge quantity detection and control system 3 is installed on the dust collector ash hopper. An anti-blocking device 4 is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector ash hopper.

[0026] The base layer 5 is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent. The addition amount of the silane coupling agent is 1% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reinforcing layer 6 is composed of a composite of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles. The mass ratio of the silicon carbide nanofibers to the alumina nanoparticles is 1:1; the silicon carbide nanofibers are of the α-SiC crystal form, with a diameter of 50 nm, a length of 2 μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. The functional layer 7 is composed of a rare-earth element-doped zirconia nano-material. The addition amount of the rare-earth element is 0.2% - 8% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material. Among them, the rare-earth element is one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When doped with lanthanum, the addition amount of lanthanum is 0.2% - 3.6% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% - 2%; when doped with cerium, the addition amount of cerium is 0.2% - 5.4% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% - 3%; when doped with both lanthanum and cerium, the addition amount of lanthanum and cerium is 0.4% - 7.2% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 - 2:1. The protective layer 8 is selected from a fluoropolymer nano-material, and the mass of the fluoropolymer is not less than 95%. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0027] The anti-blocking device 2 is used to send the negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct to make the fly ash carry a negative charge. The charge quantity detection and control system 3 is used to measure the charge quantity of the soot in the dust collector and control the operation of the anti-blocking device. The clogging removal device 4 includes a vibrating motor or an air cannon and is used to perform ash cleaning operations on the hopper wall in an emergency state. Among them, the thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is 50 μm.

[0028] Example 2 The dust hopper anti-blocking and heat-free system based on nano-materials includes a dust collector hopper. The inner wall of the dust collector hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating 1. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 includes a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8 from the inside to the outside. An anti-blocking device 2 is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper, and a charge quantity detection and control system 3 is installed on the dust collector hopper; a clogging removal device 4 is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

[0029] The base layer 5 is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent. The addition amount of the silane coupling agent is 5% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reinforcing layer 6 is composed of a composite of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles. The mass ratio of the silicon carbide nanofibers to the alumina nanoparticles is 3:1. The silicon carbide nanofibers are of α-SiC crystal form, with a diameter of 100 nm, a length of 4 μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. The functional layer 7 is composed of a zirconia nano-material doped with rare earth elements. The addition amount of the rare earth elements is 0.2% - 8% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material. Among them, the rare earth elements are one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When doped with lanthanum, the addition amount of lanthanum is 0.2% - 3.6% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% - 2%. When doped with cerium, the addition amount of cerium is 0.2% - 5.4% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% - 3%. When doped with both lanthanum and cerium, the addition amount of lanthanum and cerium is 0.4% - 7.2% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 - 2:1. The protective layer 8 is selected from fluoropolymer nano-materials, and the mass of the fluoropolymer is not less than 95%. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0030] The anti-blocking device 2 is used to send the negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct to make the fly ash carry a negative charge. The charge quantity detection and control system 3 is used to measure the charge quantity of the soot in the dust collector and control the operation of the anti-blocking device. The clogging removal device 4 includes a vibrating motor or an air cannon, which is used to perform ash cleaning operations on the hopper wall in an emergency state. Among them, the thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is 200 μm.

[0031] Example 3 The dust hopper anti-blocking and heat-free system based on nano-materials includes a dust collector hopper. The inner wall of the dust collector hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating 1. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 includes a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8 from the inside to the outside. An anti-blocking device 2 is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper, and a charge quantity detection and control system 3 is installed on the dust collector hopper. A clogging removal device 4 is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

[0032] The base layer 5 is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent. The addition amount of the silane coupling agent is 3% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reinforcing layer 6 is composed of a composite of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles. The mass ratio of the silicon carbide nanofibers to the alumina nanoparticles is 2:1; the silicon carbide nanofibers are of the α-SiC crystal form, with a diameter of 75 nm, a length of 3 μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. The functional layer 7 is composed of a rare-earth element-doped zirconia nano-material. The addition amount of the rare-earth element is 0.2% - 8% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material. Among them, the rare-earth element is one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When doped with lanthanum, the addition amount of lanthanum is 0.2% - 3.6% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% - 2%; when doped with cerium, the addition amount of cerium is 0.2% - 5.4% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% - 3%; when doped with both lanthanum and cerium, the addition amount of lanthanum and cerium is 0.4% - 7.2% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 - 2:1. The protective layer 8 is selected from a fluoropolymer nano-material, and the fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0033] The anti-blocking device 2 is used to send the negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct to make the fly ash carry a negative charge. The charge quantity detection and control system 3 is used to measure the charge quantity of the soot in the dust collector and control the operation of the anti-blocking device. The clogging removal device 4 includes a vibrating motor or an air cannon, which is used to perform ash cleaning operations on the hopper wall in an emergency state. Among them, the thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is 125 μm.

[0034] Example 4 A dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat-free system based on nano-materials includes a dust collector hopper. The inner wall of the dust collector hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating 1. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 includes a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8 from the inside to the outside. An anti-blocking device 2 is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper, and a charge quantity detection and control system 3 is installed on the dust collector hopper; a clogging removal device 4 is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

[0035] The base layer 5 is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent. The addition amount of the silane coupling agent is 4% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reinforcing layer 6 is composed of a composite of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles. The mass ratio of the silicon carbide nanofibers to the alumina nanoparticles is 2.5:1; the silicon carbide nanofibers are of α-SiC crystal form, with a diameter of 85 nm and a length of 3.5 μm, and the aspect ratio is not less than 20:1. The functional layer 7 is composed of a rare-earth element-doped zirconia nano material. The addition amount of the rare-earth element is 0.2% - 8% of the mass of the zirconia nano material. Among them, the rare-earth element is one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When doped with lanthanum, the addition amount of lanthanum is 0.2% - 3.6% of the mass of the zirconia nano material, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% - 2%; when doped with cerium, the addition amount of cerium is 0.2% - 5.4% of the mass of the zirconia nano material, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% - 3%; when doped with both lanthanum and cerium, the addition amount of lanthanum and cerium is 0.4% - 7.2% of the mass of the zirconia nano material, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 - 2:1. The protective layer 8 selects a fluoropolymer nano material, and the mass of the fluoropolymer is not less than 95%. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0036] The anti-blocking device 2 is used to send the negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct to make the fly ash carry a negative charge. The charge quantity detection and control system 3 is used to measure the charge quantity of the soot in the dust collector and control the operation of the anti-blocking device. The clogging removal device 4 includes a vibrating motor or an air cannon, which is used to perform ash cleaning operations on the hopper wall in an emergency state. Among them, the thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is 100 μm.

[0037] Example 5 A dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat-free system based on nano materials, including a dust collector hopper. The inner wall of the dust collector hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating 1. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 is successively composed of a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8 from the inside to the outside. An anti-blocking device 2 is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper, and a charge quantity detection and control system 3 is installed on the dust collector hopper; a clogging removal device 4 is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

[0038] The base layer 5 is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent, and the addition amount of the silane coupling agent is 2% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reinforcing layer 6 is composed of a composite of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide nanofibers to the alumina nanoparticles is 1.5:1; the silicon carbide nanofibers are of α-SiC crystal form, with a diameter of 60 nm, a length of 2.5 μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. The functional layer 7 is composed of a zirconia nano-material doped with rare earth elements, and the addition amount of the rare earth elements is 0.2% - 8% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material. Among them, the rare earth elements are one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When doped with lanthanum, the addition amount of lanthanum is 0.2% - 3.6% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% - 2%; when doped with cerium, the addition amount of cerium is 0.2% - 5.4% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% - 3%; when doped with both lanthanum and cerium, the addition amount of lanthanum and cerium is 0.4% - 7.2% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 - 2:1. The protective layer 8 is selected from fluoropolymer nano-materials, and the mass of the fluoropolymer is not less than 95%. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0039] The anti-blocking device 2 is used to send the negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct to make the fly ash carry a negative charge. The charge quantity detection and control system 3 is used to measure the charge quantity of the soot in the dust collector and control the operation of the anti-blocking device. The clogging removal device 4 includes a vibrating motor or an air cannon, which is used to perform ash cleaning operations on the hopper wall in the event of an emergency. Among them, the thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is 150 μm.

[0040] Example 6 A dust collector hopper anti-blocking and heat-free system based on nano-materials includes a dust collector hopper. The inner wall of the dust collector hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating 1. The nano-ceramic material coating 1 includes a base layer 5, a reinforcing layer 6, a functional layer 7, and a protective layer 8 from the inside to the outside. An anti-blocking device 2 is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air duct of the dust collector hopper, and a charge quantity detection and control system 3 is installed on the dust collector hopper; a clogging removal device 4 is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

[0041] The base layer 5 is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent, and the addition amount of the silane coupling agent is 1.5% of the mass of the nano-titanium dioxide. The silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The reinforcing layer 6 is composed of a composite of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide nanofibers to the alumina nanoparticles is 2.25:1; the silicon carbide nanofibers are of α-SiC crystal form, with a diameter of 70 nm, a length of 3.5 μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:1. The functional layer 7 is composed of a zirconia nano-material doped with rare earth elements, and the addition amount of the rare earth elements is 0.2% - 8% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material. Among them, the rare earth elements are one or more of lanthanum and cerium. When doped with lanthanum, the addition amount of lanthanum is 0.2% - 3.6% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% - 2%; when doped with cerium, the addition amount of cerium is 0.2% - 5.4% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% - 3%; when doped with both lanthanum and cerium, the addition amount of lanthanum and cerium is 0.4% - 7.2% of the mass of the zirconia nano-material, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 - 2:1. The protective layer 8 is selected from a fluoropolymer nano-material, and the mass of the fluoropolymer is not less than 95%. The fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0042] The anti-blocking device 2 is used to send the negative ion beam into the fluidizing air duct to make the fly ash carry a negative charge. The charge quantity detection and control system 3 is used to measure the charge quantity of the soot in the dust collector and control the operation of the anti-blocking device. The clogging removal device 4 includes a vibrating motor or an air cannon, which is used to perform ash cleaning operations on the hopper wall in an emergency state. Among them, the thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating is 175 μm.

Claims

1. A dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat-free system based on nanomaterials, characterized in that It includes a dust collector hopper, the inner wall of the dust collector hopper is coated with a nano-ceramic material coating (1), the nano-ceramic material coating (1) is successively a base layer (5), a reinforcing layer (6), a functional layer (7) and a protective layer (8) from inside to outside. An anti-blocking device (2) is installed at the inlet of the fluidizing air pipeline of the dust collector hopper, a charge quantity detection and control system (3) is installed on the dust collector hopper, and a clogging removal device (4) is installed on the outer wall of the dust collector hopper.

2. The dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that The base layer (5) is composed of nano-titanium dioxide containing a silane coupling agent, the addition amount of the silane coupling agent is 1% - 5% of the mass of nano-titanium dioxide, and the silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or γ-glycidyletheroxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

3. The dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforcing layer (6) is composed of a composite of silicon carbide nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles, and the mass ratio of the silicon carbide nanofibers to the alumina nanoparticles is 1 - 3:1; the silicon carbide nanofibers are of α-SiC crystal form, with a diameter of 50nm - 100nm, a length of 2μm - 4μm, and an aspect ratio of not less than 20:

1.

4. The dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional layer (7) is composed of a rare earth element-doped zirconia nano material, the addition amount of the rare earth element is 0.2% - 8% of the mass of the zirconia nano material, and the rare earth element is one or more of lanthanum and cerium.

5. The dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat-free tracing system based on nanomaterials according to claim 4, wherein When doped with lanthanum, the addition amount of lanthanum is 0.2% - 3.6% of the mass of the zirconia nano material, and the atomic percentage of lanthanum is 0.1% - 2%; when doped with cerium, the addition amount of cerium is 0.2% - 5.4% of the mass of the zirconia nano material, and the atomic percentage of cerium is 0.1% - 3%; when doped with lanthanum and cerium simultaneously, the addition amount of lanthanum and cerium is 0.4% - 7.2% of the mass of the zirconia nano material, and the atomic ratio of lanthanum to cerium is 1 - 2:

1.

6. The dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that The protective layer (8) is selected from fluoropolymer nano materials, the mass of the fluoropolymer is not less than 95%, and the fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride.

7. The dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anti-blocking device (2) is used to send a negative ion beam into the fluidizing air pipeline.

8. The dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charge quantity detection and control system (3) measures the charge quantity of the soot in the dust collector and is used to control the operation of the anti-blocking device.

9. The dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, wherein, The clogging removal device (4) includes a vibrating motor or an air cannon and is used to perform ash cleaning operations on the hopper wall in an emergency state.

10. The dust removal hopper anti-blocking and heat tracing-free system based on nanomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the nano-ceramic material coating (1) is between 50μm and 200μm.

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