Parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell and kernel separator and winnowing parameter adjusting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell and kernel separator and a winnowing parameter adjusting method. The separator comprises a rack, a feeding device, a vibration screening device and a winnowing device. The vibrating screening device comprises a vibrating screen bracket, a shell and kernel collecting plate, a combined classifying screen and a vibrating motor; one end of a lower-layer frame of the vibrating screen bracket is hinged with a shaft seat on the rack, and the other end is mounted on a vibrating screen bracket spring seat through a hinge shaft; the combined classifying screen is fixedly mounted in an upper-layer frame of the vibrating screen bracket; the shell and kernel collecting plate is fixedly mounted in a lower-layer frame of the vibrating screen bracket; a vibration motor guide rail is arranged on an upper-layer frame of the vibration screen support, an installation bottom plate of the vibration motor support is installed on the vibration motor guide rail through a guide rail sliding block, and the vibration motor is fixedly connected to the vibration motor support. The combined classifying screen and material distributing plate corner adjusting mechanism can flexibly adjust the structure of the vibrating screen according to different walnut varieties or composition changes of walnut shell and kernel mixtures, the cleaning rate is improved, and the loss rate is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural material separation, and particularly relates to a parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell and kernel separator and an air separation parameter adjustment method. Background Art

[0002] Walnuts, also known as Juglans regia and Persian walnuts, are one of the world's four major dried fruits. China is a major walnut-producing country. In 2023, China's annual walnut output reached 5.8659 million tons. There are many walnut varieties in China, and the more common varieties include hickory nuts, Yangbi walnuts, thin-shelled walnuts, Xiangling, Liaohu, Xilin, Wen 185, Xinfeng, etc. Walnuts are rich in nutrition and are excellent health foods. They can be eaten raw or used to make pastries and candies. Walnuts have a relatively high fat content and oil yield. Taking Yangbi soaked walnuts as an example, their average oil yield is 65.08% - 68.88%, and the highest can reach 76.26%, so they are known as the "oil depot on the tree".

[0003] Currently existing shell and kernel separators such as the one with patent number 202420551528.7 and name "A vibration centrifugal type walnut shell and kernel separation device", its sieve plate can rotate to drive the material to be separated to rotate, making the material evenly distributed; the one with patent number 202321757493.4 and name "A three-axis sorting device for walnut shell and kernel materials", uses machine vision to distinguish walnut shells and kernels, and then uses the equipped robotic arm to sort them; the one with patent number 202321502666.8 and name "A variable gap drum type screening machine", uses a rotating sieve cylinder to separate walnut shells and kernels; the one with patent number 202321258503.X and name "A walnut shell and kernel separation device", is provided with two-stage separation equipment, which can separate the partition core in the walnut shell and kernel mixture; the one with patent number "202310506633.9" and name "A walnut shell and kernel automatic sorting device and sorting method", is provided with a sorting pretreatment component, so that the weights of the walnuts and walnut kernels for sorting are both in a fixed range.

[0004] After the walnut is cracked by a cracking machine, the intact walnut shell and the kernel are broken into different sizes and mixed together. After cracking, the shell-kernel is divided into 1 / 2 kernel, 1 / 2 shell, 1 / 4 kernel, 1 / 4 shell, 1 / 8 kernel, 1 / 8 shell and smaller broken kernels and broken shells according to the ratio compared with the intact shell-kernel. The better the cracking effect of the cracking machine, the higher the proportion of 1 / 2 and 1 / 4 grade materials in the shell-kernel mixture. The sizes of different varieties of walnuts vary significantly. For example, the diameter of Yangbi walnuts is about 2.5-3.5 cm, while the diameter of Xinjiang Xinfeng walnuts can reach 5-6 cm, with a large difference. When designing the above walnut shell-kernel separation equipment, it is usually based on the size parameters of a certain variety of walnuts and the walnut shell-kernel mixture produced by a fixed walnut cracking machine, without further considering the versatility of the walnut shell-kernel separator in processing different varieties and different component shell-kernel mixtures. In addition, in the actual production process, the wind speed of air separation is often fixed and it is difficult to adjust the air separation speed in real time according to the air separation result to maintain a high separation rate, which results in a poor final separation result. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above technical problems and provide a parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell-kernel separator and an air separation parameter adjustment method, which can realize the separation of various walnut shell-kernel mixtures and improve the separation rate of walnut shell-kernel at the same time.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell-kernel separator, which includes a frame, a feeding device, a vibrating screening device and an air separation device. The vibrating screening device is located on one side of the frame, the air separation device is located on the other side of the frame, and the feeding device is located at the front end of the vibrating screening device; the vibrating screening device includes a vibrating screen support, a shell-kernel collecting plate, a combined grading screen and a vibrating motor. The vibrating screen support is a double-layer frame structure and is located on one side of the frame; one end of the lower layer frame of the vibrating screen support is hinged to the shaft seat on the frame, and the other end is installed on the vibrating screen support spring seat through a hinge shaft. The vibrating screen support spring seat is fixedly connected to the frame; the combined grading screen is fixedly installed in the upper layer frame of the vibrating screen support, and the shell-kernel collecting plate is fixedly installed in the lower layer frame of the vibrating screen support; vibrating motor guides are arranged on both upper frame bars of the upper layer frame of the vibrating screen support along the vibrating conveying direction. The mounting bottom plate of the vibrating motor support is installed on the vibrating motor guide through a guide rail slider, the vibrating motor is fixedly connected to the vibrating motor support, and a guide rail clamp is arranged outside each guide rail slider.

[0007] Further, the combined grading sieve includes three grading sieve plates, namely a small-hole sieve plate, a medium-hole sieve plate, and a large-hole sieve plate. The sieve holes of the small-hole sieve plate are circular holes, and the sieve holes of the medium-hole sieve plate and the large-hole sieve plate are both kidney-shaped holes. The radius of the circular hole of the small-hole sieve plate is the same as the radius of the end semi-circle of the kidney-shaped hole of the medium-hole sieve plate. The radius of the end semi-circle of the kidney-shaped hole of the medium-hole sieve plate is smaller than the radius of the end semi-circle of the kidney-shaped hole of the large-hole sieve plate, and the axial length of the kidney-shaped hole of the medium-hole sieve plate is smaller than the axial length of the kidney-shaped hole of the large-hole sieve plate. The small-hole sieve plate is fixed on the side of the shaft seat of the upper frame of the vibrating sieve support, the large-hole sieve plate is fixed on the side of the vibrating sieve support spring seat of the upper frame of the vibrating sieve support, and the medium-hole sieve plate is fixed on the upper frame of the vibrating sieve support and is located between the small-hole sieve plate and the large-hole sieve plate.

[0008] Further, two vertical partitions are evenly installed on the shell-kernel aggregate plate along the vibration conveying direction, dividing the shell-kernel aggregate plate into three regions Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ with the same size. There is an aggregate trough near the right side of each region of the shell-kernel aggregate plate. The aggregate trough is inclined, and the output end of the aggregate trough is downward. After the material falls onto the shell-kernel aggregate plate, it is concentrated into the aggregate trough.

[0009] Further, slag holes are opened on the region Ⅰ of the shell-kernel aggregate plate. The radius of the slag holes is smaller than the radius of the circular holes of the small-hole sieve plate. The slag aggregate plate is connected to the lower frame of the vibrating sieve support and is located directly below the slag holes of the region Ⅰ.

[0010] Further, the vibrating screening device further includes a baffle plate corner adjustment mechanism. The baffle plate corner adjustment mechanism is located on the long side of the lower frame of the vibrating sieve support, and there are two in total, which are respectively located at the two trisection points of the long side.

[0011] Further, each baffle plate corner adjustment mechanism includes a circumferential positioning ring, a rear shaft seat, a shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame, a detachable baffle plate, and a front shaft seat. The front shaft seat is fixedly connected to one long side of the lower frame of the vibrating sieve support, and the rear shaft seat is fixedly connected to the other long side of the lower frame of the vibrating sieve support. The long shaft at one end of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame passes through the shaft hole of the rear shaft seat until the spline at the end of the long shaft is engaged with the spline hole at the center of the circumferential positioning ring. The short shaft at the other end of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame is inserted into the shaft hole of the front shaft seat, and the detachable baffle plate is inserted and fixed in the slot of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame.

[0012] Two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped grooves are opened on the outer end surface of the circumferential positioning ring, and threaded holes corresponding to the two arc-shaped grooves are opened on the end surface of the rear shaft seat. The circumferential positioning ring and the rear shaft seat are fixedly connected together by bolts.

[0013] Further, the air separation device includes three air separation device units, which are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with three aggregate troughs; each air separation device unit includes a feeding conveyor belt, an air separation channel, a positive pressure blower, and a discharging conveyor belt; the air separation channel is fixedly connected to the frame, the output end of the feeding conveyor belt is directly above the feeding port of the air separation channel, and the feeding end of the feeding conveyor belt is directly below the output end of the corresponding aggregate trough; the positive pressure blower is fixedly connected to the frame directly below the feeding conveyor belt of the air separation, and the air outlet is connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the air separation channel, and the discharging conveyor belt is directly below the walnut shell discharging port of the air separation channel.

[0014] Further, the air separation device further includes a feeding conveyor belt speed controller, a positive pressure blower speed controller, an air speed sensor, a first camera, and a second camera; the first camera is located above the walnut kernel discharging port on the lower side of the air separation channel, the second camera is located directly above the discharging conveyor belt, the feeding conveyor belt speed controller controls the speed of the feeding conveyor belt of the air separation, the positive pressure blower speed controller controls the speed of the positive pressure blower, and the air speed sensor detects the air speed of the air separation channel.

[0015] There is also provided a method for adjusting the air separation parameters of the parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell and kernel separator as described in any one of the above, which is specifically as follows:

[0016] Step 1) The first camera collects the original material image of the walnut kernel discharging port, and the second camera collects the original material image of the walnut shell discharging port;

[0017] Step 2) Cut out a single image unit containing only a single walnut shell or walnut kernel from each original material image, and each single image unit is judged to be a walnut shell image or a walnut kernel image according to the key features, and the judgment result is marked on the single image unit;

[0018] Step 3) Calculate the cleaning rate and loss rate for the single image units marked with the judgment results in Step 2), and the calculation formulas for the cleaning rate and loss rate are as follows:

[0019]

[0020] At time T, the sum of the pixel area of the walnut kernel collected by the first camera × the density of the walnut kernel and the pixel area of the walnut shell × the density of the walnut shell is used as the total mass of the discharged materials at the walnut kernel discharging port, and the pixel area of the walnut kernel collected by the first camera × the density of the walnut kernel is used as the mass of the separated pure walnut kernels; the sum of the pixel area of the walnut kernel collected by the first camera × the density of the walnut kernel and the pixel area of the walnut kernel collected by the second camera × the density of the walnut kernel is used as the total mass of the walnut kernels in the raw materials, and the pixel area of the walnut kernel collected by the second camera × the density of the walnut kernel is used as the mass of the walnut kernels at the walnut shell discharging port;

[0021] Step 4) Adjust the air separation parameters according to the loss rate and the cleaning rate, which is specifically as follows:

[0022] When the cleaning rate is lower than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5%, the adjustment instructions to reduce the feeding speed and increase the air separation speed are sent to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller and the positive pressure fan speed controller through the Bluetooth protocol. The feeding conveyor belt speed controller and the positive pressure fan speed controller convert the adjustment instructions into PWM signals and then reduce the conveyor belt speed and increase the air separation speed. The conveyor belt speed is reduced by a step length of L1 each time, and the air separation speed is increased by a step length of L2 each time. Repeat steps 1) to 3) until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% to stop the adjustment;

[0023] When the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is higher than 5%, the adjustment instructions to reduce the air separation speed and increase the feeding speed are sent to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller and the positive pressure fan speed controller through the Bluetooth protocol. The feeding conveyor belt speed controller and the positive pressure fan speed controller convert the adjustment instructions into PWM signals and then increase the conveyor belt speed and reduce the air separation speed. The conveyor belt speed is increased by a step length of L1 each time, and the air separation speed is reduced by a step length of L2 each time. Repeat steps 1) to 3) until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% to stop the adjustment;

[0024] When the cleaning rate is lower than 90% and the loss rate is higher than 5%, the adjustment instructions to increase the wind speed and increase the feeding speed are sent to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller and the positive pressure fan speed controller through the Bluetooth protocol. The feeding conveyor belt speed controller and the positive pressure fan speed controller convert the adjustment instructions into PWM signals and then increase the conveyor belt speed and increase the air separation speed. The conveyor belt speed is increased by a step length of L1 each time, and the air separation speed is increased by a step length of L2 each time. Repeat steps 1) to 3) until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% to stop the adjustment;

[0025] The step length L1 is 0.04 - 0.06 m / s, and the step length L2 is 0.1 - 0.3 m / s.

[0026] Furthermore, the key features include color features, texture features, and shape features. The color feature is that the walnut shell is dark brown and the walnut kernel is light yellow. The texture feature is that the walnut shell is rough and the walnut kernel is smooth. The shape feature is that the edge of the walnut shell is irregular and the edge of the walnut kernel is round.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] 1) The combined grading sieve and the baffle plate corner adjustment mechanism of the present invention can flexibly adjust the structure of the vibrating sieve according to different walnut varieties or changes in the composition of the walnut shell and kernel mixture, improve the cleaning rate, and reduce the loss rate;

[0029] 2) In the present invention, the air separation feeding speed and the air speed of the positive pressure fan can be automatically adjusted according to the real-time shell-kernel separation situation, ensuring that the cleaning rate can be maintained at a high level when facing different walnut shell-kernel materials;

[0030] 3) In the present invention, by combining vibration screening and air separation, the walnut shell-kernel mixture is first classified through vibration screening. The overlapping range of the suspension speeds of walnut shells and kernels with similar size grades is small, and they are not easily mixed during air separation, which can effectively improve the cleaning rate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure of the parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell-kernel separator of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibration screening device in

[0033] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a rear view schematic diagram of

[0034] Figure 4 is Figure 2 a schematic diagram of the structure of the small-hole sieve plate in

[0035] Figure 5 is Figure 2 a schematic diagram of the structure of the medium-hole sieve plate in

[0036] Figure 6 is Figure 2 a schematic diagram of the structure of the large-hole sieve plate in

[0037] Figure 7 is Figure 2 a schematic diagram of the structure of the shell-kernel aggregate plate in

[0038] Figure 8 is Figure 2 a schematic diagram of the structure of the feed plate corner adjustment mechanism in

[0039] Figure 9 is Figure 8 a left side schematic diagram of

[0040] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the first ratio of the large, medium, and small sieve plates;

[0041] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the second ratio of the large, medium, and small sieve plates;

[0042] Figure 12 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the structure of the air separation device in

[0043] Figure 13 is Figure 12Another schematic diagram in the other direction. Specific implementation manner

[0044] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] As Figure 1 shown, the parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut kernel separator includes a frame 1, a feeding device 2, a vibrating screening device 3 and a pneumatic separation device 4. The vibrating screening device 3 is located on one side of the frame 1, the pneumatic separation device 4 is located on the other side of the frame 1, and the feeding device 2 is located at the front end of the vibrating screening device 3.

[0046] As Figures 2 - 7 shown, the vibrating screening device 3 includes a vibrating screen support 301, a shell-kernel aggregate plate 303, a combined grading screen 304, a material distribution plate corner adjustment mechanism 308, a vibrating motor 310 and a vibrating motor vibration frequency controller 302. The vibrating screen support 301 is a double-layer frame structure and is located on one side of the frame 1; one end of the lower layer frame of the vibrating screen support 301 is hinged to the shaft seat on the frame, and the other end is installed on the vibrating screen support spring seat 306 through a hinge shaft. The vibrating screen support spring seat 306 is fixedly connected to the frame 1 with bolts. The combined grading screen 304 is fixedly installed inside the upper layer frame of the vibrating screen support 301, and the shell-kernel aggregate plate 303 is fixedly installed inside the lower layer frame of the vibrating screen support 301. Vibration motor guide rails 305 are arranged on both upper frame bars of the upper layer frame of the vibrating screen support 301 along the vibration conveying direction. The mounting base plate of the vibration motor support 309 is installed on the vibration motor guide rail 305 through a guide rail slider 311. The vibrating motor 310 is fixedly connected to the vibration motor support 309 with bolts. A guide rail clamp 312 is arranged outside each guide rail slider 311 (i.e., in the direction towards the end of the vibrating screen support 301); when the guide rail clamp 312 is in the clamped state during the operation of the vibrating motor 310, it cannot slide on the vibration motor guide rail 305, and when it is in the unclamped state, it can slide freely, thereby controlling the relative position of the vibrating motor 310 on the vibration motor guide rail 305.

[0047] The vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibrating screen support 301 can be flexibly adjusted: the vibration frequency is adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the vibration motor 310, and the amplitude is adjusted by changing the relative position of the vibration motor 310 on the vibration motor guide rail 305. The closer the vibration motor 310 is to the vibrating screen support spring seat 306, the greater the moment on the shaft seat at the other end, the greater the peak pressure on the vibrating screen support spring seat 306 during vibration, and the greater the amplitude. Under the action of its own gravity, the vibrating screen grading device 3 compresses the vibrating screen support spring seat 306 and tilts to the right (i.e., the direction of the vibrating screen support spring seat 306). During vibration, the equilibrium position of the vibrating screen grading device 3 is not horizontal, so the material will spontaneously move to the right; when the vibration motor 310 works, it generates an exciting force to make the vibrating screen grading device 3 rotate reciprocally in a small amplitude around the hinge shaft on the side of the vibrating screen support spring seat 306, throwing the material up and colliding with the combined grading screen 304 for screening. The vibration frequency controller 302 of the vibration motor is located on the frame 1 and is used to control the vibration frequency of the vibration motor 310.

[0048] The combined grading screen 304 includes three types of grading screens: a small-hole screen plate, a medium-hole screen plate, and a large-hole screen plate. The screen holes of the small-hole screen plate are round holes, and the screen holes of the medium-hole screen plate and the large-hole screen plate are both waist-shaped holes. The radius of the round hole of the small-hole screen plate is the same as the radius of the end semi-circle of the waist-shaped hole of the medium-hole screen plate. The radius of the end semi-circle of the waist-shaped hole of the medium-hole screen plate is smaller than the radius of the end semi-circle of the waist-shaped hole of the large-hole screen plate, and the axial length of the waist-shaped hole of the medium-hole screen plate is less than the axial length of the waist-shaped hole of the large-hole screen plate; the small-hole screen plate is fixed on the shaft seat side of the upper frame of the vibrating screen support 301, the large-hole screen plate is fixed on the vibrating screen support spring seat 306 side of the upper frame of the vibrating screen support 301, and the medium-hole screen plate is fixed on the upper frame of the vibrating screen support 301 and is located between the small-hole screen plate and the large-hole screen plate.

[0049] Two vertical partitions 303b are evenly installed on the shell-kernel aggregate plate 303 at intervals along the vibration conveying direction, dividing the shell-kernel aggregate plate 303 into three regions of the same size, namely Region I, Region II, and Region III, which are respectively used to collect walnut shell-kernels of different size grades screened by different sieve holes: The crushed residue and 1 / 8 walnut shell-kernels fall into Region I of the shell-kernel aggregate plate through the small-hole sieve plate, 1 / 4 walnut shell-kernels fall into Region II of the shell-kernel aggregate plate through the bell-hole sieve plate, 1 / 2 walnut shell-kernels fall into Region III of the shell-kernel aggregate plate through the large-hole sieve plate, and individual larger walnut shell-kernel inlays will leave from the right end of the combined classifier 304 (i.e., the side of the vibration screen support spring seat 306). There is an aggregate trough 303a near the right side (i.e., the vibration conveying direction) of each region of the shell-kernel aggregate plate 303. The aggregate trough 303a is inclined, and the output end of the aggregate trough 303a is downward. After the material falls onto the shell-kernel aggregate plate 303, it is concentrated into the aggregate trough 303a and then falls forward under the action of gravity onto the air separation feed conveyor belt 401. A crushed residue hole 303c is opened on Region I of the shell-kernel aggregate plate 303. The radius of the crushed residue hole is smaller than the radius of the round hole of the small-hole sieve plate, which is used to screen out fine crushed residues. The crushed residue aggregate plate 307 is connected to the lower frame of the vibration screen support 301 by bolts and is located directly below the crushed residue hole in Region I to concentrate the screened crushed residues for convenient collection.

[0050] As Figure 8 , Figure 9 shown, the diverter plate corner adjustment mechanism 308 is located on the long side of the lower frame of the vibration screen support 301, and there are two in total, which are respectively located at the two trisection points of the long side. Each diverter plate corner adjustment mechanism 308 includes a circumferential positioning ring 308a, a rear axle seat 308b, a shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame 308c, a detachable diverter plate 308d, and a front axle seat 308e; the front axle seat 308e is fixedly connected to one long side of the lower frame of the vibration screen support 301 by bolts, and the rear axle seat 308b is fixedly connected to the other long side of the lower frame of the vibration screen support by bolts; the long shaft at one end of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame 308c passes through the shaft hole of the rear axle seat 308b until the spline at the end of the long shaft is engaged with the spline hole at the center of the circumferential positioning ring 308a, so that it can rotate or be fixed together with the circumferential positioning ring 308a. The short shaft at the other end of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame 308c is inserted into the shaft hole of the front axle seat 308e, and the detachable diverter plate 308d is inserted into the slot of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame 308c, and the detachable diverter plate 308d and the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame 308c are fixed by bolts.

[0051] On the outer end face of the circumferential positioning ring 308a, there are two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped grooves 308f. On the end face of the rear axle seat 308b, there are threaded holes respectively corresponding to the two arc-shaped grooves. The circumferential positioning ring 308a and the rear axle seat 308b are fixedly connected together by bolts; when the bolts are loosened, the circumferential positioning ring 308a makes the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame 308c rotate together, thereby adjusting the angle of the detachable dividing plate 308d. When it rotates to the required position, the bolts are tightened again, and the upper end face of the detachable dividing plate 308d abuts against the lower surface of the combined grading screen 304.

[0052] In the vibration screening device 3, the combined grading screen 304 in it can be flexibly adjusted as needed, such as Figure 10 shown, for the standard combined grading screen 304, the ratio of large, medium and small sieve plates is 8:8:8. If the shell-breaking effect is good and the proportion of small-sized materials such as 1 / 8 kernels in the shell-kernel mixture is small, the proportion of small sieve plates can be appropriately reduced. As Figure 11 shown, the ratio of large, medium and small sieve plates is adjusted to 9:10:5, so that 1 / 4 kernels and 1 / 8 kernels can be fully screened out. However, after the adjustment, the material grading boundary line of the combined grading screen 304 also changes accordingly. The boundary line between medium and small sieve holes moves 3 sieve plate widths to the left, and the boundary line between large and medium sieve holes moves 1 sieve plate width to the left. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the detachable dividing plate 308d so that it can completely separate the sized materials and enter the corresponding areas. The adjustment method is as follows: loosen the bolts of the circumferential positioning ring 308a, rotate the circumferential positioning ring 308a to tilt the dividing plate, and the inclination angle requires that the extension line in the length direction of the detachable dividing plate 308d intersects with the sieve hole boundary line. Since the hypotenuse of a right triangle is longer than any right side length, it is also necessary to replace a longer dividing plate. After the replacement is completed, tighten the bolts on the circumferential positioning ring 308a to complete the adjustment.

[0053] As Figure 12 、 Figure 13As shown in the figure, the air separation device 4 includes three air separation device units, and the three air separation device units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the three aggregate bins 303a. Each air separation device unit includes a feeding conveyor belt 401, an air separation channel 403, a positive pressure blower 402, a feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404, a positive pressure blower speed controller 405, a discharging conveyor belt 406, a wind speed sensor 407, a first camera 408 and a second camera 409. The air separation channel 403 is fixedly connected to the frame 1 by bolts. The output end of the feeding conveyor belt 401 is located directly above the feeding port of the air separation channel 402, and the feeding end of the feeding conveyor belt 401 is located directly below the output end of the corresponding aggregate bin 303a, and the feeding conveyor belt 401 is driven by a motor; the positive pressure blower 402 is located directly below the air separation feeding conveyor belt 401 and is fixedly connected to the frame 1 by bolts, and the air outlet is connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the air separation channel. The discharging conveyor belt 406 is located directly below the walnut shell discharging port of the air separation channel 403; the first camera 408 is located above the walnut kernel discharging port on the lower side of the air separation channel 403, and the second camera 409 is located directly above the discharging conveyor belt 406. The feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404 controls the speed of the air separation feeding conveyor belt 401, the positive pressure blower speed controller 405 controls the speed of the positive pressure blower 403, and the wind speed sensor 407 detects the wind speed in the air separation channel 403.

[0054] When the air separation device 4 works, the material falls from the aggregate bin 303a of the shell-kernel aggregate plate onto the air separation feeding conveyor belt 401, and then is conveyed to the feeding port of the air separation channel 403. The positive pressure blower 402 works to generate an upward sorting air flow in the air separation channel 403. The wind speed is controlled by the positive pressure blower speed controller 405. The suspension speed of walnut shells with the same size grade is significantly less than that of walnut kernels. Therefore, the walnut shells are lighter and move upward under the action of wind, and leave from the walnut shell discharging port, while the walnut kernels are heavier and move downward and leave from the walnut kernel discharging port, and the two are finally separated. The wind speed sensor 407 is used to measure the air separation wind speed, provide a quantitative index for subsequent wind speed adjustment, and avoid missing the optimal air separation speed due to excessive adjustment. The first camera 408 and the second camera 409 respectively collect the material images at the walnut kernel discharging port and the walnut shell discharging port after sorting, which are used for the calculation of the subsequent cleaning rate and loss rate.

[0055] The specific process of the air separation parameter adjustment method of the parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell-kernel separator of the present invention is as follows:

[0056] Step 1) The first camera 408 collects the original material image at the walnut kernel discharging port, and the second camera 409 collects the original material image at the walnut shell discharging port;

[0057] Step 2) Cut out a single image unit containing only a single walnut shell or walnut kernel from each original material image. Each single image unit is judged to be a walnut shell image or a walnut kernel image according to the key features, and the judgment result is marked on the single image unit;

[0058] The key features include color features, texture features and shape features. The color feature is that the walnut shell is dark brown and the walnut kernel is light yellow. The texture feature is that the walnut shell is rough and the walnut kernel is smooth. The shape feature is that the edge of the walnut shell is irregular and the edge of the walnut kernel is round.

[0059] Step 3) Calculate the cleaning rate and loss rate for the single image unit with the judgment result mark in step 2). The calculation formulas for the cleaning rate and loss rate are as follows:

[0060]

[0061] There is a linear relationship between the mass of the walnut shell and kernel and the size of their images. Therefore, the product of the pixel area size of the walnut shell and kernel images and their respective densities is used to represent the mass of the walnut shell and kernel.

[0062] At time T, the sum of the pixel area of the walnut kernel collected by the first camera 408 multiplied by the density of the walnut kernel and the pixel area of the walnut shell multiplied by the density of the walnut shell is used as the mass of the total discharge at the walnut kernel discharge port, and the pixel area of the walnut kernel collected by the first camera 408 multiplied by the density of the walnut kernel is used as the mass of the separated pure walnut kernels; the sum of the pixel area of the walnut kernel collected by the first camera 408 multiplied by the density of the walnut kernel and the pixel area of the walnut kernel collected by the second camera 409 multiplied by the density of the walnut kernel is used as the total mass of the walnut kernels in the raw material, and the pixel area of the walnut kernel collected by the second camera 409 multiplied by the density of the walnut kernel is used as the mass of the walnut kernels at the walnut shell discharge port.

[0063] Step 4) Adjust the air separation parameters according to the loss rate and cleaning rate, specifically as follows:

[0064] If the cleaning rate is lower than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5%, send the adjustment instructions to reduce the feeding speed and increase the air separation speed to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404 and the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 through the Bluetooth protocol. The feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404 and the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 convert the adjustment instructions into PWM signals and then reduce the conveyor belt speed and increase the air separation speed; the conveyor belt speed is reduced by a step size of L1 each time and the air separation speed is increased by a step size of L2 each time. Repeat steps 1) to 3) until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% to stop the adjustment; the step size L1 is 0.04 - 0.06 m / s and the step size L2 is 0.1 - 0.3 m / s.

[0065] When the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is higher than 5%, the adjustment instructions to reduce the air separation speed and increase the feeding speed are sent to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404 and the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 through the Bluetooth protocol. The feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404 and the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 convert the adjustment instructions into PWM signals and then increase the conveyor belt speed and reduce the air separation speed. The conveyor belt speed increases by a step size of L1 each time, and the air separation speed decreases by a step size of L2 each time. Repeat steps 1) to 3) until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% to stop the adjustment. The step size L1 is 0.04 - 0.06 m / s, and the step size L2 is 0.1 - 0.3 m / s.

[0066] When the cleaning rate is lower than 90% and the loss rate is higher than 5%, the adjustment instructions to increase the wind speed and increase the feeding speed are sent to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404 and the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 through the Bluetooth protocol. The feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404 and the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 convert the adjustment instructions into PWM signals and then increase the conveyor belt speed and increase the air separation speed. The conveyor belt speed increases by a step size of L1 each time, and the air separation speed increases by a step size of L2 each time. Repeat steps 1) to 3) until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% to stop the adjustment. The step size L1 is 0.04 - 0.06 m / s, and the step size L2 is 0.1 - 0.3 m / s.

[0067] The boundary conditions of the above feeding speed are 0.6 - 1.5 m / s, and the boundary conditions of the air separation speed are 4 - 12 m / s.

[0068] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention. The structures, connection methods, etc. of each component can be changed. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple. For the relevant parts, refer to the descriptions in the method part. The above-described embodiments of the present invention do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformation and improvement based on the technical solution of the present invention should not be excluded from the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut kernel separator, comprising a frame (1), a feeding device (2), a vibrating screening device (3) and a pneumatic separation device (4), wherein the vibrating screening device (3) is located on one side of the frame (1), the pneumatic separation device (4) is located on the other side of the frame (1), and the feeding device (2) is located at the front end of the vibrating screening device (3); characterized in that: The vibrating screening device (3) includes a vibrating screen support (301), a shell-kernel aggregate plate (303), a combined grading screen (304), and a vibrating motor (310). The vibrating screen support (301) is a double-layer frame structure located on one side of the frame (1). One end of the lower-layer frame of the vibrating screen support (301) is hinged to the shaft seat on the frame, and the other end is installed on the vibrating screen support spring seat (306) through a hinge shaft. The vibrating screen support spring seat (306) is fixedly connected to the frame (1). The combined grading screen (304) is fixedly installed inside the upper-layer frame of the vibrating screen support (301), and the shell-kernel aggregate plate (303) is fixedly installed inside the lower-layer frame of the vibrating screen support (301). Vibration motor guides (305) are arranged on both of the two upper frame bars of the upper-layer frame of the vibrating screen support (301) along the vibration conveying direction. The mounting bottom plate of the vibration motor support (309) is installed on the vibration motor guide (305) through a guide rail slider (311), and the vibrating motor (310) is fixedly connected to the vibration motor support (309). A guide rail clamp (312) is arranged outside each guide rail slider (311).

2. The parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut kernel separator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combined grading screen (304) includes three types of grading screen plates: a small-hole screen plate, a medium-hole screen plate, and a large-hole screen plate. The screen holes of the small-hole screen plate are round holes, and the screen holes of the medium-hole screen plate and the large-hole screen plate are both waist-shaped holes. The radius of the round hole of the small-hole screen plate is the same as the radius of the end semi-circle of the waist-shaped hole of the medium-hole screen plate. The radius of the end semi-circle of the waist-shaped hole of the medium-hole screen plate is smaller than the radius of the end semi-circle of the waist-shaped hole of the large-hole screen plate, and the axial length of the waist-shaped hole of the medium-hole screen plate is smaller than the axial length of the waist-shaped hole of the large-hole screen plate. The small-hole screen plate is fixed on the shaft seat side of the upper-layer frame of the vibrating screen support (301), the large-hole screen plate is fixed on the vibrating screen support spring seat (306) side of the upper-layer frame of the vibrating screen support (301), and the medium-hole screen plate is fixed inside the upper-layer frame of the vibrating screen support (301) and is located between the small-hole screen plate and the large-hole screen plate.

3. The parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut kernel separator according to claim 2, wherein: Two vertical partitions (303b) are evenly installed on the shell-kernel aggregate plate (303) at intervals along the vibration conveying direction, dividing the shell-kernel aggregate plate (303) into three regions of the same size: Region I, Region II, and Region III. There is an aggregate trough (303a) near the right side of each region of the shell-kernel aggregate plate (303). The aggregate trough (303a) is inclined, and the output end of the aggregate trough 303a is downward. After the material falls into the shell-kernel aggregate plate (303), it is concentrated into the aggregate trough (303a).

4. The parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut kernel separator according to claim 3, wherein: A slag hole (303c) is opened on Region I of the shell-kernel aggregate plate (303). The radius of the slag hole is smaller than the radius of the round hole of the small-hole screen plate. The slag aggregate plate (307) is connected to the lower-layer frame of the vibrating screen support (301) and is located directly below the slag hole in Region I.

5. The parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut kernel separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The vibrating screening device (3) further includes a material distribution plate angle adjustment mechanism (308). The material distribution plate angle adjustment mechanism (308) is located on the long sides of the lower-layer frame of the vibrating screen support (301), and there are two in total, respectively located at the two trisection points of the long sides.

6. The parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut kernel separator according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each of the material distribution plate corner adjustment mechanisms (308) includes a circumferential positioning ring (308a), a rear axle seat (308b), a shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame (308c), a detachable material distribution plate (308d), and a front axle seat (308e); the front axle seat (308e) is fixedly connected to the long side of the lower layer frame of the vibrating screen support (301), and the rear axle seat (308b) is fixedly connected to the long side of the other side of the lower layer frame of the vibrating screen support; the long shaft at one end of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame (308c) passes through the shaft hole of the rear axle seat (308b) until the spline at the end of the long shaft is engaged with the spline hole at the center of the circumferential positioning ring (308a), and the short shaft at the other end of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame (308c) is inserted into the shaft hole of the front axle seat (308e), and the detachable material distribution plate (308d) is inserted and fixed in the slot of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame (308c); Two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped grooves (308f) are formed on the outer end face of the circumferential positioning ring (308a), and threaded holes corresponding to the two arc-shaped grooves are formed on the end face of the rear axle seat (308b), and the circumferential positioning ring (308a) and the rear axle seat (308b) are fixedly connected together by bolts.

7. The parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut kernel separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The air separation device (4) includes three air separation device units, and the three air separation device units are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the three aggregate troughs (303a); each air separation device unit includes a feeding conveyor belt (401), an air separation channel (403), a positive pressure blower (402), and a discharging conveyor belt (406); the air separation channel (403) is fixedly connected to the frame (1), the output end of the feeding conveyor belt (401) is located directly above the feeding port of the air separation channel (402), and the feeding end of the feeding conveyor belt (401) is located directly below the output end of the corresponding aggregate trough (303a); the positive pressure blower (402) is located directly below the air separation feeding conveyor belt (401) and fixedly connected to the frame (1), and the air outlet is connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the air separation channel, and the discharging conveyor belt (406) is located directly below the walnut shell discharging port of the air separation channel (403).

8. The parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut kernel separator according to claim 7, wherein: The air separation device (4) further includes a feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404), a positive pressure blower speed controller (405), a wind speed sensor (407), a first camera (408), and a second camera (409); the first camera (408) is located above the walnut kernel discharging port on the lower side of the air separation channel (403), the second camera (409) is located directly above the discharging conveyor belt (406), the feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) controls the speed of the air separation feeding conveyor belt (401), the positive pressure blower speed controller (405) controls the speed of the positive pressure blower (403), and the wind speed sensor (407) detects the wind speed of the air separation channel (403).

9. A method for adjusting the air separation parameters of the parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut kernel separator according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method for adjusting the air separation parameters is as follows: Step 1) The first camera (408) collects the original material image of the walnut kernel discharging port, and the second camera (409) collects the original material image of the walnut shell discharging port; Step 2) Crop each original material image to obtain single image units each containing only a single walnut shell or walnut kernel. Determine whether each single image unit is a walnut shell image or a walnut kernel image based on key features, and mark the determination result on the single image unit. Step 3) Calculate the cleaning rate and loss rate for the single image units marked with the determination results in Step 2). The calculation formulas for the cleaning rate and loss rate are as follows: At time T, the sum of the pixel area of the walnut kernels collected by the first camera (408) multiplied by the density of the walnut kernels and the pixel area of the walnut shells multiplied by the density of the walnut shells is used as the total mass of the material discharged from the walnut kernel discharge port, and the pixel area of the walnut kernels collected by the first camera (408) multiplied by the density of the walnut kernels is used as the mass of the pure walnut kernels separated out; the sum of the pixel area of the walnut kernels collected by the first camera (408) multiplied by the density of the walnut kernels and the pixel area of the walnut kernels collected by the second camera (409) multiplied by the density of the walnut kernels is used as the total mass of the walnut kernels in the raw material, and the pixel area of the walnut kernels collected by the second camera (409) multiplied by the density of the walnut kernels is used as the mass of the walnut kernels at the walnut shell discharge port. Step 4) Adjust the air separation parameters according to the loss rate and cleaning rate, specifically as follows: If the cleaning rate is lower than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5%, send adjustment instructions to reduce the feeding speed and increase the air separation speed to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) and the positive pressure fan speed controller (405). The feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) and the positive pressure fan speed controller (405) convert the adjustment instructions into PWM signals to reduce the conveyor belt speed and increase the air separation speed; the conveyor belt speed is reduced by a step size of L1 each time and the air separation speed is increased by a step size of L2 each time. Repeat Steps 1) to 3) until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% to stop the adjustment. If the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is higher than 5%, send adjustment instructions to reduce the air separation speed and increase the feeding speed to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) and the positive pressure fan speed controller (405). The feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) and the positive pressure fan speed controller (405) convert the adjustment instructions into PWM signals to increase the conveyor belt speed and reduce the air separation speed; the conveyor belt speed is increased by a step size of L1 each time and the air separation speed is reduced by a step size of L2 each time. Repeat Steps 1) to 3) until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% to stop the adjustment. If the cleaning rate is lower than 90% and the loss rate is higher than 5%, send adjustment instructions to increase the wind speed and increase the feeding speed to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) and the positive pressure fan speed controller (405). The feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) and the positive pressure fan speed controller (405) convert the adjustment instructions into PWM signals to increase the conveyor belt speed and increase the air separation speed; the conveyor belt speed is increased by a step size of L1 each time and the air separation speed is increased by a step size of L2 each time. Repeat Steps 1) to 3) until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% to stop the adjustment. The step size L1 is 0.04 - 0.06 m / s, and the step size L2 is 0.1 - 0.3 m / s.

10. The air separation parameter adjustment method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The key features include color features, texture features and shape features. The color feature is that the walnut shell is dark brown and the walnut kernel is light yellow. The texture feature is that the walnut shell is rough and the walnut kernel is smooth. The shape feature is that the edge of the walnut shell is irregular and the edge of the walnut kernel is round.

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