Flexible offset type deep hole automatic feeding drilling equipment and forward and reverse finish machining method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of machining equipment, and discloses smart offset type deep hole automatic feeding drilling equipment and a forward and reverse finish machining method. The smart offset type deep hole automatic feeding drilling equipment comprises a main shaft module, a feeding module, a bearing frame, a main shaft guide module and a machining tool. Two motors for controlling the spindle to rotate and feed are mounted in parallel with the spindle, a lead screw, a linear guide rail, a machining tool and a rotary transmission shaft through a synchronous belt, so that the equipment layout is more compact; the front and rear drill plates, the front and rear drill bushings and the tool are combined to form a guide structure to guide the machining tool outside the equipment; a reverse finish machining method and a forward machining method are adopted, wherein equipment is installed firstly, and then a tool is installed in the reverse direction. The machining precision is guaranteed while equipment compactness is achieved, the equipment does not need to be disassembled in the finish machining process, the tool changing process is simplified, and the machining efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hole-making processing, and relates to a dexterous offset deep-hole automatic feeding hole-making device and a forward and reverse fine machining method. Background Art

[0002] During the assembly process of equipment such as aircraft and rockets, it is necessary to perform deep-hole fine machining on the core key components of each connection with long span and high correlation, and the accuracy and quality requirements are extremely high. However, at the assembly hole-making site, due to the structural occlusion of various components and tooling, the spatial openness is poor, large automated equipment such as machine tools cannot reach, and it is difficult to perform deep-hole machining in a limited space using existing automatic feed drills. Currently, manual handheld air drills with extended tools are mostly used for hole-making, with extremely poor stability, and single-hole machining requires more than 10 steps of segmented cutting, resulting in extremely low efficiency. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an automatic hole-making device and a hole-making method that can meet the requirements of deep-hole fine machining at the assembly station.

[0003] Foreign research on automatic hole-making in small spaces started earlier. Sébastien Pereira of SETI Technology Company in France invented a "drilling device with an automatically or controllably fed speed and a self-aligning spindle", with the patent number ZL201710628905.7. The device adopts a dual-motor drive mode, where the main motor and the auxiliary motor independently control the rotational movement and the feeding movement of the drilling machine respectively. Its gear set structure is compact, and the accuracy requirements for components are relatively high. The spindle structure is processed using special processes, making the price extremely expensive. At the same time, it is difficult to meet the requirements for the accuracy and stability of one-pass hole-making, severely restricting its wide application. A portable high-precision automatic feed drilling equipment invented by Fu Rao, Liu Shuai, etc. from Dalian University of Technology, with the publication number CN114734074A, uses two motors to drive the tool rotation and the spindle feed respectively. The bearing seat at the end of the transmission spindle is connected to the equipment through a guide rail and reciprocates with the spindle. The motor and the spindle are installed in parallel through a synchronous pulley, saving space. However, to ensure the guiding accuracy of the spindle, the overall length of the machine is still greater than 2a + b, making it difficult to meet the requirements for high-precision deep-hole machining in narrow space conditions. The "Aircraft wing-body connection hole processing device" developed by Yang Xinliang, etc., with the publication number CN218611800U, adopts a combined structure of an automatic feed drill, a drill jig, and a boring tool. The equipment is accurately positioned through the positioning holes of the drill jig, and deep-hole machining is completed using a boring tool connected to the automatic feed drill and the tool guiding hole at both ends respectively. Compared with traditional CNC machining centers, this device significantly simplifies the system structure through modular design, effectively reducing the equipment volume and manufacturing cost. However, due to the inherent characteristics of the series mechanical structure, its overall axial dimension is relatively long, and there are limitations in spatial adaptability when machining holes with a large depth-diameter ratio in a narrow space, and it is more suitable for open areas or operating scenarios with less restrictions on equipment size.

[0004] In summary, to meet the requirement of high-precision deep hole machining in narrow workstations during the subassembly process of aerospace equipment, there is an urgent need for a deep hole automatic feeding drilling equipment and corresponding machining methods that are applicable to the assembly site, can ensure the machining accuracy and efficiency of hole drilling, and require less space. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the problem that existing machining equipment cannot achieve fine machining of deep holes in a narrow space, the present invention develops a dexterous offset deep hole automatic feeding drilling equipment and corresponding machining methods. The equipment adopts a layout with a feed drive shaft, a rotary drive shaft, and a tool arranged in parallel, which greatly shortens the overall length of the equipment while ensuring the machining depth, and can meet the automatic machining of deep holes in a narrow space. By moving the drill body, the machining tool can be replaced, solving the problem of difficult tool replacement in a narrow space. At the same time, a method for fine machining of deep holes in both forward and reverse directions in a narrow space is proposed, solving the problems of cumbersome tool replacement steps and low efficiency of fine machining of deep holes in existing equipment and technologies.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention:

[0007] A dexterous offset deep hole automatic feeding drilling equipment, comprising a spindle module 1, a feed module 2, a load-bearing frame 3, and a spindle guiding module 4; the spindle guiding module 4 is fixedly connected to the workpiece 6, and the coupling 105 at the front end of the spindle module 1 is connected to the machining tool 5 to complete the hole drilling process for the workpiece 6 together.

[0008] The spindle module 1 includes a spindle motor 101, a synchronous pulley transmission device 102, a rotary drive shaft 103, an offset transmission device 104, and a coupling 105. Among them, the synchronous pulley transmission device 102 includes a spindle synchronous pulley 10201, a transmission synchronous pulley 10202, and a synchronous belt, and the offset transmission device 104 includes an input gear 10401 and an output gear 10402; the spindle motor 101 is fixed on the load-bearing frame 3, and the output shaft of the spindle motor 101 is connected to the spindle synchronous pulley 10201 through a key connection to achieve power input, and the transmission synchronous pulley 10202 is interference-fitted with the rotary drive shaft 103 to achieve power transmission.

[0009] The feeding module 2 includes a feeding motor 201, a feeding transmission device 202, a lead screw module 203 and a slider module 204. Among them, the feeding transmission device 202 includes a feeding synchronous pulley 20201, a lead screw synchronous pulley 20202 and a synchronous belt. The lead screw module 203 includes a feeding lead screw 20301 and a lead screw nut 20302. The slider module 204 includes a linear guide rail 20401, a slider 20402 and a slide table 20403. The slide table 20403 is installed on the linear guide rail 20401 through the slider 20402. The feeding lead screw 20301 is pivotally connected to the load-bearing frame 3 through a lead screw bearing. The lead screw nut 20302 is sleeved on one end of the feeding lead screw 20301. The lead screw synchronous pulley 20202 is sleeved on the other end of the feeding lead screw 20301 by using an expansion sleeve. The lead screw synchronous pulley 20202 and the feeding synchronous pulley 20201 transmit power through the synchronous belt. The feeding synchronous pulley 20201 is connected to the output shaft of the feeding motor 201, driving the lead screw synchronous pulley 20202 and the feeding lead screw 20301 to rotate. The lead screw nut 20302 is threadedly connected to the slide table 20403. The slide table 20403 axially pushes the input gear 10401 and the output gear 10402 through a bearing. The rotational movement of the feeding lead screw 20301 is converted into a linear movement of the offset transmission device 104 and the slide table 20403 along the linear guide rail 20401.

[0010] The spindle guiding module 4 is located outside the drilling rig and includes a front drill template 401, a rear drill template 402, a front drill bushing 403 and a rear drill bushing 404. The front drill bushing 403 and the rear drill bushing 404 have guiding holes, and the machining tool 5 passes through the guiding holes. The front drill bushing 403 is installed on the load-bearing frame 3. The outer circle of its front end is matched with the inner hole of the front drill template 401, and the inner hole of the front drill bushing 403 is matched with the front guiding shaft 501 of the tool. The outer circle of the rear end of the rear drill bushing 404 is matched with the inner hole of the rear drill template 402 close to the drilling rig, and the inner hole of the rear drill bushing 404 is matched with the rear guiding shaft 503 of the tool. The front drill bushing 403 and the rear drill bushing 404 guide the machining tool 5 from both sides of the workpiece 6.

[0011] The machining tool 5 is divided into a front guiding shaft 501 of the tool, a cutting edge 502 of the tool and a rear guiding shaft 503 of the tool. Among them, the cutting edge 502 of the tool plays a cutting role, and the front guiding shaft 501 of the tool and the rear guiding shaft 503 of the tool play a supporting and guiding role for the machining tool 5. The end of the machining tool 5 is bolted to the coupling 105, and the bottom of the coupling 105 is threadedly connected to the slider module 204.

[0012] A method for forward and reverse finish machining using a dexterous offset deep-hole automatic feeding hole-making device is as follows:

[0013] S1. Place the dexterous offset deep-hole automatic feeding hole-making equipment on the side of the front drill template 401 away from the workpiece 6. Insert the outer circle of the front end of the front drill sleeve 403 into the inner hole of the front drill template 401 for positioning, and fasten the front drill sleeve 403 and the front drill template 401 with bolts;

[0014] S2. Start the dexterous offset deep-hole automatic feeding hole-making equipment, and drive the offset transmission mechanism 104 to move to the side of the workpiece 6 close to the front drill sleeve 403;

[0015] S3. Insert the machining tool 5 from the side of the inner hole of the rear drill template 402 away from the workpiece 6. Insert the front guide shaft 501 of the tool into the inner hole of the front drill sleeve 403 with a small clearance fit, and thread-connect the machining tool 5 with the coupling 105;

[0016] S4. The rear drill sleeve 404 is sleeved into the inner hole of the rear drill template 402 from the side away from the workpiece 6 and is fitted with the rear drill template 402. The inner hole of the rear drill sleeve 404 is fitted with the rear guide shaft 503 of the tool. The rear drill sleeve 404 and the rear drill template 402 are fastened with bolts, and the cutting edge 502 of the machining tool is located between the rear drill template 402 and the workpiece 6;

[0017] S5. Start the dexterous offset deep-hole automatic feeding hole-making equipment. The offset transmission device 104 drives the coupling 105 and the machining tool 5 to move towards the drilling machine side in reverse feed to achieve fine machining. After the cutting edge 502 of the machining tool is processed, continue to feed until it exceeds the other side surface of the workpiece 6 by 2 mm and then retract the tool to the pre-processing position;

[0018] S6. For the next step of fine machining, when replacing the tool, first remove the rear drill sleeve 404, then unscrew the machining tool 5, and repeat step S3 for machining with a new tool.

[0019] Advantages of the present invention: The present invention provides a dexterous offset deep-hole automatic feeding hole-making equipment and a forward and reverse fine machining method, including a spindle module, a feeding module, a load-bearing frame, a spindle guiding module and a machining tool. Two motors that respectively control the rotation and feeding of the spindle are installed in parallel with the spindle, the lead screw, the linear guide rail, the machining tool and the rotating transmission shaft through synchronous belts, and the equipment layout is more compact; the guiding structure composed of the front drill template, the front drill sleeve, the rear drill template and the rear drill sleeve combined with the tool provides guidance for the machining tool outside the equipment. While ensuring the machining accuracy, there is no need to reserve space for the guidance of the tool inside the equipment, which ensures the machining accuracy while realizing the compactness of the equipment. At the same time, to overcome the problems of cumbersome tool replacement steps and low efficiency of deep-hole fine machining in a narrow space for this equipment, a forward and reverse fine machining method is proposed. First install the equipment, and on this basis, perform positioning and reverse installation of the tool, which reduces the space required for installing the equipment; during the fine machining process, the equipment can be not disassembled, which simplifies the tool change process and greatly improves the machining efficiency; reverse cutting is adopted during the machining process, and the machining amplitude and stability are improved. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a dexterous offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device and a forward and reverse precision machining method;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a sectional view of a dexterous offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device;

[0022] Figure 3 It is an exploded view of a dexterous offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the spindle module of a dexterous offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the feeding module of a dexterous offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a sectional view of the spindle guiding module and the machining tool of a dexterous offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device and a forward and reverse precision machining method;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a flow chart of a dexterous offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device and a forward and reverse precision machining method;

[0027] In the figure: 1 Spindle module, 101 Spindle motor, 102 Synchronous belt drive device, 10201 Spindle synchronous pulley, 10202 Driving synchronous pulley, 103 Rotating transmission shaft, 104 Offset drive device, 10401 Input gear, 10402 Output gear, 105 Coupling; 2 Feeding module, 201 Feeding motor, 202 Feeding drive device, 20201 Feeding synchronous pulley, 20202 Lead screw synchronous pulley, 203 Lead screw module, 20301 Lead screw, 20302 Lead screw nut, 204 Slide block module, 20401 Linear guide rail, 20402 Slide block, 20403 Slide table; 3 Load-bearing frame; 4 Spindle guiding module, 401 Front drill template, 402 Rear drill template, 403 Front drill bushing, 404 Rear drill bushing; 5 Machining tool, 501 Tool front guiding shaft, 502 Tool cutting edge, 503 Tool rear guiding shaft; 6 Workpiece. Detailed Embodiments

[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0029] Embodiment 1

[0030] Reference Figures 1 to 5, A kind of dexterous offset deep-hole automatic feeding hole-making equipment and positive and negative finishing method, mainly including a shaft module 1, a feeding module 2, a load-bearing frame 3, a spindle guiding module 4 and a machining tool 5.

[0031] In this embodiment, the shaft module 1 includes a spindle motor 101, a synchronous pulley transmission device 102, a rotating transmission shaft 103, an offset transmission device 104 and a coupling 105. Among them, the synchronous pulley transmission device 102 includes a spindle synchronous pulley 10201, a transmission synchronous pulley 10202 and a synchronous belt. The offset transmission device 104 includes an input gear 10401 and an output gear 10402; the spindle motor 101 is fixed on the load-bearing frame 3, and the output shaft of the spindle motor 101 is connected with the spindle synchronous pulley 10201 through a key to realize power input. The transmission synchronous pulley 10202 is interference-fitted with the rotating transmission shaft 103 to realize power transmission;

[0032] In this embodiment, the feeding module 2 includes a feeding motor 201, a feeding transmission device 202, a lead screw module 203 and a slider module 204. Among them, the feeding transmission device 202 includes a feeding synchronous pulley 20201, a lead screw synchronous pulley 20202 and a synchronous belt. The lead screw module 203 includes a feeding lead screw 20301 and a lead screw nut 20302. The slider module 204 includes a linear guide rail 20401, a slider 20402 and a slide table 20403; the slide table 20403 is installed on the linear guide rail 20401 through the slider 20402; the feeding lead screw 20301 is pivotally connected to the load-bearing frame 3 through a lead screw bearing. The lead screw nut 20302 is sleeved on one end of the feeding lead screw 20301. The lead screw synchronous pulley 20202 is sleeved on the other end of the feeding lead screw 20301 by using an expansion sleeve. The lead screw synchronous pulley 20202 and the feeding synchronous pulley 20201 transmit power through a synchronous belt; the feeding synchronous pulley 20201 is connected to the output shaft of the feeding motor 201 to drive the lead screw synchronous pulley 20202 and the feeding lead screw 20301 to rotate; the lead screw nut 20302 is threadedly connected to the slide table 20403, and the slide table 20403 axially moves the input gear 10401 and the output gear 10402 through a bearing; the rotational movement of the feeding lead screw 20301 is converted into a linear movement of the offset transmission device 104 and the slide table 20403 along the linear guide rail 20401;

[0033] In this embodiment, the spindle guiding module 4 is located outside the drilling rig and includes a front drill template 401, a rear drill template 402, a front drill sleeve 403 and a rear drill sleeve 404; the front drill sleeve 403 and the rear drill sleeve 404 have guiding holes, and the machining tool 5 passes through the guiding holes; the front drill sleeve 403 is installed on the load-bearing frame 3, the outer circle of its front end is matched with the inner hole of the front drill template 401, and the inner hole of the front drill sleeve 403 is matched with the front guiding shaft 501 of the tool; the outer circle of the rear end of the rear drill sleeve 404 is matched with the inner hole of the rear drill template 402 close to the drilling rig, and the inner hole of the rear drill sleeve 404 is matched with the rear guiding shaft 503 of the tool; the front drill sleeve 403 and the rear drill sleeve 404 guide the machining tool 5 from both sides of the workpiece 6;

[0034] In this embodiment, the front drill template 401 and the rear drill template 402 fixedly clamp the workpiece 6; the front drill sleeve 403 is installed on the front drill template 401; the machining tool 5 is matched with the rear drill sleeve 404 and extends in from the rear end together, and is matched with the rear drill template 402; the end of the machining tool 5 passes through the front drill sleeve 403 and is connected to the coupling 105.

[0035] In this embodiment, the machining tool 5 is divided into a front guiding shaft 501 of the tool, a cutting edge 502 of the tool and a rear guiding shaft 503 of the tool. Among them, the cutting edge 502 of the tool plays a cutting role, and the front guiding shaft 501 of the tool and the rear guiding shaft 503 of the tool play a supporting and guiding role for the machining tool 5; the end of the machining tool 5 is connected to the coupling 105 by bolts, and the bottom of the coupling 105 is threadedly connected to the slider module 204.

[0036] Furthermore, the workpiece 6 is fixed to the hole-making processing fixture composed of the front drill template 401 and the rear drill template 402.

[0037] Furthermore, the linear guide 20401, the rotating transmission shaft 103, the feed screw 20301 and the machining tool 5 are arranged in parallel;

[0038] The offset transmission device 104 is connected to the two parallel linear guides 20401 through the slider 20402 and the slide table 20403;

[0039] The input gear 10401 is sleeved on the rotating transmission shaft 103 and meshes with the output gear 10402 to achieve offset transmission; the tool 5 is driven to rotate through the coupling 105 sleeved on the output gear 10402;

[0040] The spindle motor 101 and the feed motor 201 are oppositely installed on the load-bearing frame 3 by bolts.

[0041] Furthermore, the coupling 105 is a four-degree-of-freedom coupling, having two translational degrees of freedom in XY and two rotational degrees of freedom in XY.

[0042] A method for forward and reverse finish machining using a flexible offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device, process Figure 7 , the steps are as follows:

[0043] S1. Place the flexible offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device on the side of the front drill template 401 away from the workpiece 6. Insert the outer circle of the front end of the front drill bushing 403 into the inner hole of the front drill template 401 for positioning, and fasten the front drill bushing 403 and the front drill template 401 with bolts;

[0044] S2. Start the flexible offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device, and drive the offset transmission mechanism 104 to move to the side of the workpiece 6 close to the front drill bushing 403;

[0045] S3. Insert the machining tool 5 from the side of the inner hole of the rear drill template 402 away from the workpiece 6. Insert the front guide shaft 501 of the tool into the inner hole of the front drill bushing 403 to adopt a small clearance fit, and thread-connect the machining tool 5 and the coupling 105;

[0046] S4. The rear drill bushing 404 is sleeved into the inner hole of the rear drill template 402 from the side away from the workpiece 6 and is matched with the rear drill template 402. The inner hole of the rear drill bushing 404 is matched with the rear guide shaft 503 of the tool. The rear drill bushing 404 and the rear drill template 402 are fastened with bolts, and the cutting edge 502 of the machining tool is located between the rear drill template 402 and the workpiece 6;

[0047] S5. Start the flexible offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device. The offset transmission device 104 drives the coupling 105 and the machining tool 5 to move towards the drilling machine side, and feeds reversely to achieve finish machining. After the cutting edge 502 of the machining tool is processed, continue to feed until it exceeds the other side surface of the workpiece 6 by 2 mm and then retract the tool to the pre-processing position;

[0048] S6. For the next finish machining, when replacing the tool, first remove the rear drill bushing 404, then unscrew the machining tool 5, and repeat step S3 for machining with the new tool.

[0049] Furthermore, during machining, only need to separate the coupling 105 and the machining tool 5, and pull out the machining tool 5 together with the front drill bushing 403, then the installation and replacement of the tool in a narrow space can be realized.

[0050] Furthermore, when the hole position accuracy requirement of the machining process is small, the forward machining method can be selectively used; the machining tool 5 is installed in the flexible offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device before loading the front drill template 401; remove the rear drill template 402 and the rear drill bushing 404, and only through the precise shaft-hole fit formed by the front guide shaft 501 of the tool and the front drill bushing 403, guide the machining tool 5, and the offset transmission device 104 drives the coupling 105 and the machining tool 5 to feed from the end close to the flexible offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device to the far end.

[0051] Preferably, the spindle guiding module 4 needs to ensure high coaxiality between the front drilling template 401 and the rear drilling template 402, ensuring that the axis of the machining tool 5 does not deflect during deep hole drilling, and the front drilling template 401, the rear drilling template 402 and the workpiece 6 are relatively fixed.

[0052] Preferably, in order to ensure a constant displacement during the spindle feed, a limiting mechanism is adopted on the load-bearing frame 3 to accurately restrict the axial movement stroke of the spindle.

[0053] Preferably, the workpiece 6 is an object for deep hole machining, and the machining difficulties are limited machining space, long tool overhang, weak rigidity, and poor hole position accuracy.

[0054] Preferably, the inner hole diameter of the front drilling template 401 is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the cutting edge of the machining tool 5. Before deep hole machining, the machining tool 5 is installed from the side of the front drilling template 401 away from the workpiece 6.

[0055] Preferably, when changing the tool, only the coupling 105 needs to be separated from the machining tool 5, and the rear drill bushing 404 and the machining tool 5 are pulled out from the reverse machining direction, and the automatic hole-making equipment does not need to be disassembled, and the installation and replacement of the tool in a narrow space can be realized.

[0056] Preferably, the machining method adopts reverse cutting and the cutting system adopts a pulling and receiving working mode, and the machining tool 5 feeds from the far end to the near end of the automatic hole-making equipment during cutting.

[0057] When the machining process has a small requirement for hole position accuracy, the deep hole machining system can selectively use the forward machining method. The automatic hole-making equipment installs the machining tool 5 before installing the front drilling template 401. The rear drilling template 402 and the rear drill bushing 404 are disassembled, and the machining tool 5 is guided only through the shaft hole fit formed by the tool front guiding shaft 501 and the front guiding sleeve 403. The spindle of the equipment feeds from the end close to the hole-making equipment to the far end. Compared with the reverse finishing method, the steps are reduced, and it is suitable for the trial production verification or the rough machining process stage.

[0058] In this embodiment, when the axial machining space is only slightly larger than the drill body length, the deep hole automatic hole-making machining in a narrow space can be realized by separately installing the machining tool 5 and the automatic hole-making equipment from both sides of the workpiece 6.

Claims

1. A dexterous offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device, characterized in that, The dexterous offset deep-hole automatic feeding hole-making device includes a spindle module (1), a feeding module (2), a load-bearing frame (3), and a spindle guiding module (4); the spindle guiding module (4) is fixedly connected to the workpiece (6), and the coupling (105) at the front end of the spindle module (1) is connected to the machining tool (5) to complete the hole-making process for the workpiece (6) together; The spindle module (1) includes a spindle motor (101), a synchronous pulley transmission device (102), a rotating transmission shaft (103), an offset transmission device (104), and a coupling (105). Among them, the synchronous pulley transmission device (102) includes a spindle synchronous pulley (10201), a transmission synchronous pulley (10202), and a synchronous belt. The offset transmission device (104) includes an input gear (10401) and an output gear (10402); the spindle motor (101) is fixed on the load-bearing frame (3), and the output shaft of the spindle motor (101) is connected to the spindle synchronous pulley (10201) through a key connection to achieve power input. The transmission synchronous pulley (10202) is interference-fitted with the rotating transmission shaft (103) to achieve power transmission; The feeding module (2) includes a feeding motor (201), a feeding transmission device (202), a lead screw module (203), and a slider module (204). Among them, the feeding transmission device (202) includes a feeding synchronous pulley (20201), a lead screw synchronous pulley (20202), and a synchronous belt. The lead screw module (203) includes a feeding lead screw (20301) and a lead screw nut (20302). The slider module (204) includes a linear guide rail (20401), a slider (20402), and a slide table (20403); the slide table (20403) is installed on the linear guide rail (20401) through the slider (20402); the feeding lead screw (20301) is pivotally connected to the load-bearing frame (3) through a lead screw bearing, the lead screw nut (20302) is sleeved on one end of the feeding lead screw (20301), the lead screw synchronous pulley (20202) is sleeved on the other end of the feeding lead screw (20301) by using an expansion sleeve, and the lead screw synchronous pulley (20202) and the feeding synchronous pulley (20201) transmit power through the synchronous belt; the feeding synchronous pulley (20201) is connected to the output shaft of the feeding motor (201) to drive the lead screw synchronous pulley (20202) and the feeding lead screw (20301) to rotate; the lead screw nut (20302) is threadedly connected to the slide table (20403), and the offset transmission device (104) is connected to two parallel linear guide rails (20401) through the slider (20402) and the slide table (20403). The slide table (20403) pushes the input gear (10401) and the output gear (10402) to move axially through the bearing; the rotational motion of the feeding lead screw (20301) is converted into the linear motion of the offset transmission device (104) and the slide table (20403) along the linear guide rail (20401); The spindle guiding module (4) is located outside the drilling rig and includes a front drill template (401), a rear drill template (402), a front drill bushing (403) and a rear drill bushing (404); the front drill bushing (403) and the rear drill bushing (404) have guiding holes, and the machining tool (5) passes through the guiding holes; the front drill bushing (403) is installed on the load-bearing frame (3), the outer circle of its front end is matched with the inner hole of the front drill template (401), and the guiding hole of the front drill bushing (403) is matched with the front guiding shaft (501) of the tool; the outer circle of the rear end of the rear drill bushing (404) is matched with the inner hole of the rear drill template (402) close to the drilling rig, and the guiding hole of the rear drill bushing (404) is matched with the rear guiding shaft (503) of the tool; the front drill bushing (403) and the rear drill bushing (404) guide the machining tool (5) from both sides of the workpiece (6); The machining tool (5) is divided into a front guiding shaft (501) of the tool, a cutting edge (502) of the tool and a rear guiding shaft (503) of the tool. Among them, the cutting edge (502) of the tool plays a cutting role, and the front guiding shaft (501) and the rear guiding shaft (503) of the tool play a supporting and guiding role for the machining tool (5); the end of the machining tool (5) is bolted to the coupling (105), and the bottom of the coupling (105) is threadedly connected to the slider module (204).

2. The dexterous offset type deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device according to claim 1, characterized in that The workpiece (6) is fixed to the hole-making processing tooling composed of the front drill template (401) and the rear drill template (402).

3. The dexterous offset deep-hole automatic feeding hole-making equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that The linear guide rail (20401), the rotating transmission shaft (103), the feed screw (20301) and the machining tool (5) are arranged in parallel; The input gear (10401) is sleeved on the rotating transmission shaft (103) and meshes with the output gear (10402) to achieve offset transmission; the machining tool (5) is driven to rotate through the coupling (105) sleeved on the output gear (10402). The spindle motor (101) and the feed motor (201) are oppositely installed on the load-bearing frame (3) by bolts.

4. The automatic hole-making device with flexible offset and deep hole automatic feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that The coupling (105) is a four-degree-of-freedom coupling, having two translational degrees of freedom in XY and two rotational degrees of freedom in XY.

5. A method for forward and reverse finish machining using a dexterous offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making device, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: S1. Place the dexterous offset deep-hole automatic feeding hole-making equipment on the side of the front drill template (401) away from the workpiece (6), insert the outer circle of the front end of the front drill bushing (403) into the inner hole of the front drill template (401) for positioning, and fasten the front drill bushing (403) and the front drill template (401) with bolts; S2. Start the dexterous offset deep-hole automatic feeding hole-making equipment and drive the offset transmission device (104) to move to the side of the workpiece (6) close to the front drill bushing (403); S3. Insert the machining tool (5) from the side of the inner hole of the rear drill template (402) away from the workpiece (6), insert the front guiding shaft (501) of the tool into the guiding hole of the front drill bushing (403) and take a small clearance fit, and threadedly connect the machining tool (5) and the coupling (105); S4. The rear drill bushing (404) is sleeved into the inner hole of the rear drill template (402) from the side away from the workpiece (6) and is fitted with the rear drill template (402). The guiding hole of the rear drill bushing (404) is fitted with the rear guiding shaft (503) of the cutting tool. The rear drill bushing (404) and the rear drill template (402) are fastened with bolts, and the cutting edge (502) of the machining tool is located between the rear drill template (402) and the workpiece (6). S5. Start the flexible offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making equipment. The offset transmission device (104) drives the coupling (105) and the machining tool (5) to move towards the drilling machine side and feed reversely to achieve finish machining. After the cutting edge (502) of the machining tool has completed the machining, continue to feed the tool until it exceeds the other side surface of the workpiece (6) by 2 mm and then retract the tool to the position before machining. S6. For the next step of finish machining, when replacing the tool, first remove the rear drill bushing (404), and then unscrew the machining tool (5). Repeat step S3 to machine with the new tool.

6. The positive and negative finish machining method according to claim 5, characterized in that During machining, only separate the coupling (105) from the machining tool (5), and pull out the machining tool (5) together with the front drill bushing (403), then the installation and replacement of the tool in a narrow space can be realized.

7. The positive and negative finish machining method according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the machining process has a low requirement for the hole position accuracy, use the forward machining method; the flexible offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making equipment installs the machining tool (5) before installing the front drill template (401); remove the rear drill template (402) and the rear drill bushing (404), and only through the precise shaft-hole fit formed by the front guiding shaft (501) of the tool and the front drill bushing (403), guide the machining tool (5). The offset transmission device (104) drives the coupling (105) and the machining tool (5) to feed from one end close to the flexible offset deep hole automatic feeding hole-making equipment to the far end.

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