Temperature-controllable degradable composite material veneer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a temperature-controllable degradable composite material veneer and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of composite material veneers, the temperature-controllable degradable composite material veneer comprises the following components: a matrix material, a heat-insulating material, a heat-insulating material and a heat-insulating material, the matrix material is composed of 60-80% by mass of a degradable polymer matrix, the degradable polymer is at least one of self-polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate and poly (butylene succinate), the temperature control functional material is composed of 10-25% by mass of phase change energy storage particles, and the phase change energy storage particles comprise paraffin / silicon dioxide composite microcapsules or fatty acid ester organic phase change materials. The particle size range of the phase change energy storage particles is 5-50 [mu] m, the reinforced fiber is natural fiber or inorganic fiber with the mass fraction of 5-15%, the natural fiber is bamboo fiber, sisal fiber or coconut fiber, the inorganic fiber is basalt fiber or glass fiber, and the interfacial compatilizer is maleic anhydride grafted polymer with the mass fraction of 2-5% or epoxy resin modifier.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of composite decorative panels, and specifically relates to a temperature-controllable and degradable composite decorative panel and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional building decoration materials have problems such as high resource consumption and serious environmental pollution during production and use. For example, plastic products are difficult to degrade, and long-term accumulation will cause "white pollution". The mining and processing of metal materials consume high energy, and some metal materials may release harmful substances. Building exterior walls require materials to keep the indoor temperature stable in different seasons and reduce energy consumption. Composites can combine two or more materials to integrate the advantages of each component and make up for the deficiencies of single materials. However, existing composite decorative panels cannot evenly disperse heat throughout the entire board, easily causing local overheating or large temperature difference stresses.

[0003] The defects of existing composite decorative panels are as follows: 1. Patent document CN2891226Y discloses a composite decorative panel, "including a housing and a support member. The housing is formed by stacking at least one woven fiber layer and curing with resin, and a joint portion is provided at the periphery of the housing. The support member is formed by injection molding below the housing, and the periphery of the support member is connected to the joint portion of the housing periphery, so that the housing and the support member are tightly combined", but existing composite decorative panels cannot evenly disperse heat throughout the entire board, easily causing local overheating or large temperature difference stresses; 2. Patent document CN102092545B discloses a composite trash can with an embedded metal decorative panel and its manufacturing method, "the structure is that a metal decorative panel is embedded in the local fiberglass resin composite panel on the surface of the trash can body and the outer shell of the trash collection container; the manufacturing method is: cut the metal grid and tightly fix it on the metal decorative panel and stamp it into the metal decorative panel, then cover it on the trash can mold, locally apply a colored gel coat resin layer, and cover and fully cure the metal decorative panel and the gel coat resin layer with a resin mixed filler and a fiberglass resin layer. The present invention has a beautiful and high-grade appearance, a firm structure, saves a large amount of materials such as metal and wood, is not easy to fade in appearance, is convenient to clean, and has little recycling value and a longer service life", but the degradation rate of existing composite decorative panels is not high; 3. Patent document CN114483737A discloses a composite material panel, "including a panel body and a decorative material, and the decorative material is connected to the panel body by means such as welding, bonding, threading or magnetic attraction. Compared with the prior art, the composite material panel of the present invention connects the decorative material to the main material by means such as welding, bonding, threading or magnetic attraction to form a product with distinct contrast in color and shape", but there is no antibacterial coating on the surface of the existing composite material decorative panel, which reduces the service life of the composite material decorative panel; 4. Patent document CN101858134A discloses a composite decorative panel, "including a composite decorative panel body, characterized in that: a plurality of strip-shaped heat-conducting media extending along the length direction of the composite decorative panel body are arranged inside the composite decorative panel body, and a plurality of first through holes extending along the length direction of the heat-conducting media body are arranged inside the heat-conducting media body. As a preference, a strip-shaped heating element is arranged inside the first through hole, and the material of the composite decorative panel body is a wood-plastic composite material (or wood plastic, WPC) or a stone-plastic composite material, and is formed by injection molding or extrusion through a mold. The present invention organically combines the entire floor heating system with the floor, and the assembly and maintenance are convenient", but the existing composite material decorative panel cannot solve the problems of uneven dispersion of phase change materials and interlayer peeling, which reduces the production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a temperature-controllable and degradable composite material decorative panel and its preparation method to solve the technical problems in the above-mentioned background technology that the composite material decorative panel cannot evenly disperse heat to the whole board, and is prone to local overheating or large temperature difference stress.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A temperature-controllable and degradable composite material decorative panel, including the following components: Matrix material: It is composed of a degradable polymer matrix with a mass fraction of 60%-80%, and the degradable polymer is at least one of polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate, and polybutylene succinate; Temperature control functional material: It is composed of phase change energy storage particles with a mass fraction of 10%-25%, and the phase change energy storage particles include paraffin / silica composite microcapsules or fatty acid ester-based organic phase change materials, and the particle size range of the phase change energy storage particles is 5-50 μm; Reinforcing fiber: 5%-15% by mass of natural fiber or inorganic fiber, the natural fiber is bamboo fiber, sisal fiber or coconut shell fiber, and the inorganic fiber is basalt fiber or glass fiber; Interface compatibilizer: 2%-5% by mass of maleic anhydride grafted polymer or epoxy resin modifier; Surface functional layer: a heat-conducting layer formed by compounding a degradable resin and graphene nanosheets, the thickness of the heat-conducting layer is 50 - 200 μm, and the mass ratio of graphene is 1% - 3%; The decorative panel is a multi-layer composite structure, which includes a substrate layer, a heat-conducting layer and a surface decorative layer. The substrate layer, the heat-conducting layer and the surface decorative layer are combined by a hot-pressing forming process. The substrate layer is composed of a matrix material, a temperature-control functional material, reinforcing fibers and an interfacial compatibilizer, and the heat-conducting layer is the surface functional layer.

[0006] Preferably, the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage particles is 20 - 35 °C, the latent heat value ≥ 150 J / g, and its surface is pretreated with a silane coupling agent to enhance the interfacial bonding with the matrix material.

[0007] Preferably, the fiber length of the natural fiber or inorganic fiber is 1 - 5 mm, the aspect ratio of the natural fiber or inorganic fiber ≥ 20, and the fiber dispersion of the natural fiber or inorganic fiber is improved by alkali treatment or plasma treatment.

[0008] Preferably, the surface decorative layer is a waterborne polyurethane coating or a degradable wood grain film layer. The thickness of the waterborne polyurethane coating or the degradable wood grain film layer is 0.1 - 0.5 mm, and the film layer contains 0.5% - 2% by mass of an antibacterial agent.

[0009] Preferably, it includes the following steps: Step S1 Pretreatment: Immerse the natural fiber in a NaOH solution with a mass fraction of 5% - 10% for 2 - 4 hours, wash the natural fiber with water until neutral and then dry it; Step S2 Matrix mixing: Mix the degradable polymer matrix, the phase change energy storage particles, the treated reinforcing fibers and the interfacial compatibilizer in a high-speed mixer. The mixing temperature in the high-speed mixer is 80 - 100 °C, the rotation speed in the high-speed mixer is 500 - 800 r / min, and the mixing time in the high-speed mixer is 15 - 30 minutes to form a mixed material; Step S3 Extrusion granulation: Granulate the mixed material through a twin-screw extruder. The extrusion temperature zones are: zone 1 at 160 - 170 °C, zone 2 at 170 - 180 °C, zone 3 at 175 - 185 °C, and the die head temperature at 180 - 190 °C to extrude and form pelletized materials; Step S4 Multi-layer compounding: Form the substrate layer by molding the pelletized materials through a hot press. Synchronously, form the heat-conducting layer by the casting method with graphene nanosheets and a degradable resin. The heat-conducting layer is a graphene heat-conducting network and is compounded with the substrate layer through a rolling process; Step S5 Surface treatment: Coat or laminate a decorative layer on the surface of the heat-conducting layer. The curing temperature is 80 - 120 °C, the pressure is 5 - 10 MPa, and the time is 10 - 20 minutes to form a composite decorative panel.

[0010] Preferably, during the mixing process in step S2, ultrasonic oscillation is introduced to assist dispersion, with an ultrasonic frequency of 20 - 40 kHz and a power of 200 - 500 W.

[0011] Preferably, the process parameters for hot pressing and forming in step S4 are: temperature 165 - 180 °C, pressure 8 - 15 MPa, and pressure holding time 3 - 8 minutes.

[0012] Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the decorative panel is 0.5 - 1.2 W / (m·K), and the flexural strength of the decorative panel is ≥ 35 MPa.

[0013] Preferably, the decorative panel further contains 0.1% - 1% by mass of a flame retardant, and the flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate or nano - magnesium hydroxide.

[0014] Preferably, the graphene thermal conduction network of the surface functional layer dynamically regulates the environmental temperature of the composite decorative panel.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Through the synergistic effect of the phase - change energy - storage particles and the graphene thermal - conduction layer installed in the present invention, the decorative panel realizes the active regulation ability of the environmental temperature. The phase - change material absorbs or releases heat within the phase - change temperature range. Combining with the high thermal conductivity of graphene, the heat can be evenly dispersed throughout the whole board, avoiding local overheating or thermal stress caused by temperature difference. 2. By using a degradable polymer as the matrix and natural fiber reinforcement installed in the present invention, while ensuring the mechanical properties, the environmental load is significantly reduced, and the degradation rate of the board reaches more than 90% within 6 months under the condition of soil burial. 3. Through the use of fiber pretreatment and an interfacial compatibilizer installed in the present invention, the interfacial bonding strength between the fiber and the matrix is improved. The flexural strength can reach 35 - 45 MPa, 20% - 30% higher than that of traditional wood - plastic composites. The antibacterial coating of the surface functional layer further extends the service life of the composite decorative panel. 4. By adopting ultrasonic - assisted mixing and multi - layer composite technology in the present invention, the problems of uneven dispersion of the phase - change material and interlayer delamination are solved. The production efficiency is increased by 15% - 20%, and the energy consumption is reduced by 10%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the performance test data of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand according to specific circumstances.

[0020] Embodiment 1: Please refer to an embodiment provided by the present invention: a temperature - controllable degradable composite decorative panel, which comprises the following components: Matrix material: It is composed of 70% by mass of a degradable polymer matrix, and the degradable polymer is polybutylene succinate; Temperature - control functional material: It is composed of 18% by mass of phase - change energy - storage particles. The phase - change energy - storage particles are methyl palmitate, and the particle size range of the phase - change energy - storage particles is 20 - 40 μm; Reinforcing fiber: It is 8% by mass of inorganic fiber, and the inorganic fiber is basalt fiber; Interface compatibilizer: It is 4% by mass of an epoxy resin modifier; Surface functional layer: A heat - conducting layer formed by compounding PBS resin with 1.5% graphene nanosheets. The thickness of the heat - conducting layer is 100 μm, and the mass ratio of graphene is 2%; The decorative panel is a multi-layer composite structure. The multi-layer composite structure includes a base material layer, a heat-conducting layer, and a surface decorative layer. The base material layer, the heat-conducting layer, and the surface decorative layer are combined through a hot-pressing forming process. The base material layer is composed of a matrix material, a temperature-control functional material, reinforcing fibers, and an interfacial compatibilizer. The heat-conducting layer is a surface functional layer. The phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage particles is 30 °C, and the latent heat value is 160 J / g. The surface of the phase change energy storage particles is pretreated with a silane coupling agent to enhance the interfacial bonding with the matrix material. The fiber length of the inorganic fibers is 4 mm, and the fiber dispersion of the inorganic fibers is improved through alkali treatment or plasma treatment. The surface decorative layer is a waterborne polyurethane coating or a degradable wood grain film layer. The thickness of the waterborne polyurethane coating or the degradable wood grain film layer is 0.1-0.5 mm, and the film layer contains 0.5%-2% by mass of an antibacterial agent.

[0021] A preparation method of a temperature-controllable and degradable composite material decorative panel includes the following steps: Step S1 Pretreatment: Immerse natural fibers in a NaOH solution with a mass fraction of 5%-10% for 2-4 hours, wash the natural fibers with water until neutral, and then dry them. Step S2 Matrix mixing: Mix the degradable polymer matrix, phase change energy storage particles, treated reinforcing fibers, and interfacial compatibilizer in a high-speed mixer. The mixing temperature in the high-speed mixer is 80-100 °C, the rotation speed in the high-speed mixer is 500-800 r / min, and the mixing time in the high-speed mixer is 15-30 minutes to form a mixed material. Step S3 Extrusion granulation: Granulate the mixed material through a twin-screw extruder. The extrusion temperature zones are as follows: the first zone is 160-170 °C, the second zone is 170-180 °C, the third zone is 175-185 °C, and the die head temperature is 180-190 °C to extrude and form granular materials. Step S4 Multi-layer composite: Form the base material layer by molding the granular materials through a hot press. Synchronously, form the heat-conducting layer by the casting method with graphene nanosheets and a degradable resin. The heat-conducting layer is a graphene heat conduction network and is compounded with the base material layer through a rolling process. Step S5 Surface treatment: Coat or laminate a decorative layer on the surface of the heat-conducting layer. The curing temperature is 80-120 °C, the pressure is 5-10 MPa, and the time is 10-20 minutes to form a composite material decorative panel.

[0022] In step S2, ultrasonic oscillation is introduced to assist dispersion during the mixing process. The ultrasonic frequency is 20 - 40 kHz, and the power is 200 - 500 W. The process parameters for hot pressing in step S4 are: temperature 165 - 180 °C, pressure 8 - 15 MPa, and holding pressure time 3 - 8 minutes. The thermal conductivity of the decorative panel is 0.5 - 1.2 W / (m·K), and the flexural strength of the decorative panel is ≥ 35 MPa. The decorative panel also contains 0.1% - 1% by mass of a flame retardant, and the flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate or nano magnesium hydroxide. The graphene thermal conduction network of the surface functional layer dynamically regulates the environmental temperature of the composite decorative panel.

[0023] Example 2: Please refer to an example provided by the present invention: A temperature - controllable degradable composite decorative panel, comprising the following components: Matrix material: Composed of 75% by mass of a degradable polymer matrix, and the degradable polymer is polybutylene succinate; Temperature - control functional material: Composed of 20% by mass of phase - change energy - storage particles, and the phase - change energy - storage particles are paraffin / silica composite microcapsules, and the particle size range of the phase - change energy - storage particles is 10 - 30 μm; Reinforcing fiber: 10% by mass of natural fiber, and the natural fiber is bamboo fiber; Interface compatibilizer: 3% by mass of maleic anhydride - grafted PLA; Surface functional layer: A thermal - conduction layer formed by compounding PLA resin with 2% graphene nanosheets. The thickness of the thermal - conduction layer is 100 μm, and the mass ratio of graphene is 2%; The decorative panel is a multi - layer composite structure. The multi - layer composite structure includes a base material layer, a thermal - conduction layer, and a surface decoration layer. The base material layer, the thermal - conduction layer, and the surface decoration layer are combined through a hot - pressing forming process. The base material layer is composed of the matrix material, the temperature - control functional material, the reinforcing fiber, and the interface compatibilizer. The thermal - conduction layer is the surface functional layer. The phase - change temperature of the phase - change energy - storage particles is 20 °C, and the latent heat value is 180 J / g. And its surface is pretreated with a silane coupling agent to enhance the interfacial bonding with the matrix material. The fiber length of the natural fiber is 3 mm, the aspect ratio of the natural fiber is 25, and the natural fiber is treated by alkali treatment or plasma treatment to improve fiber dispersion. The surface decoration layer is a water - based polyurethane coating or a degradable wood - grain film - covering layer. The thickness of the water - based polyurethane coating or the degradable wood - grain film - covering layer is 0.1 - 0.5 mm, and the film - covering layer contains 0.5% - 2% by mass of an antibacterial agent.

[0024] A preparation method of a temperature - controllable degradable composite decorative panel, comprising the following steps: Step S1 Pretreatment: Immerse the natural fiber in a 5% - 10% by mass NaOH solution for 2 - 4 hours, wash the natural fiber until it is neutral, and then dry it; Step S2: Matrix mixing: the degradable polymer matrix, phase change energy storage particles, treated reinforcing fibers and interfacial compatibilizer are mixed in a high-speed mixer at a mixing temperature of 80-100° C., a rotating speed of 500-800 r / min, and a high-speed mixer time of 15-30 minutes to form a mixture; Step S3: extrusion granulation: the mixed material is granulated by a twin-screw extruder, the extrusion temperature is divided into zones: zone 1 160-170°C, zone 2 170-180°C, zone 3 175-185°C, the die temperature is 180-190°C, and the granules are formed by extrusion; Step S4: multi-layer composite: the granular material is formed into a substrate layer by a hot press, and the graphene nanosheets and the degradable resin are simultaneously formed into a heat-conducting layer by a casting method, wherein the heat-conducting layer is a graphene heat-conducting network, and is composited with the substrate layer by a rolling process; Step S5: surface treatment: coating or laminating the decorative layer on the surface of the heat conductive layer, with the curing temperature at 80-120°C, the pressure at 5-10 MPa, and the time at 10-20 minutes to form a composite material decorative panel.

[0025] In step S2, ultrasonic oscillation is introduced during the mixing process to assist dispersion, the ultrasonic frequency is 20-40kHz, and the power is 200-500W. The process parameters of hot pressing molding in step S4 are: temperature 165-180°C, pressure 8-15MPa, and holding time 3-8 minutes. The thermal conductivity of the decorative panel is 0.5-1.2W / (m·K), and the bending strength of the decorative panel is ≥35MPa. The decorative panel also contains a flame retardant with a mass fraction of 0.1%-1%, and the flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate or nano magnesium hydroxide. The graphene thermal conductive network of the surface functional layer dynamically controls the ambient temperature of the composite decorative panel.

[0026] Example 3: Please refer to an embodiment provided by the present invention: a temperature-controllable degradable composite material decorative panel, comprising the following components: Matrix material: composed of 66% by weight of a degradable polymer matrix, wherein the degradable polymer is polyhydroxyalkanoate; Temperature control functional material: composed of 18% by mass of phase change energy storage particles, the phase change energy storage particles are a composite system of 15% paraffin / silicon dioxide and 5% lauric acid, and the particle size range of the phase change energy storage particles is 20-40 μm; Reinforcement fiber: 12% by weight of natural fiber, wherein the natural fiber is coconut shell fiber; Interfacial compatibilizer: 4% by mass of epoxy resin modifier; Surface functional layer: A thermal conductive layer formed by a composite of PLA / PHA blended resin and 3% graphene nanosheets. The thickness of the thermal conductive layer is 200μm, and the mass proportion of graphene is 2%; The decorative panel is a multi-layer composite structure. The multi-layer composite structure includes a base material layer, a heat-conducting layer, and a surface decorative layer. The base material layer, the heat-conducting layer, and the surface decorative layer are combined through a hot pressing process. The base material layer is composed of a matrix material, a temperature control functional material, reinforcing fibers, and an interfacial compatibilizer. The heat-conducting layer is a surface functional layer. The phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage particles is 30°C, and the latent heat value is 160 J / g. The surface of the phase change energy storage particles is pretreated with a silane coupling agent to enhance the interfacial bonding with the matrix material. The fiber length of the natural fibers is 4 mm, and the aspect ratio of the natural fibers is ≥20. The natural fibers are treated by alkali treatment or plasma treatment to improve fiber dispersion. The surface decorative layer is a waterborne polyurethane coating or a degradable wood grain film layer. The thickness of the waterborne polyurethane coating or the degradable wood grain film layer is 0.1 - 0.5 mm, and the film layer contains 0.5% - 2% by mass of an antibacterial agent.

[0027] A preparation method of a temperature-controllable and degradable composite decorative panel includes the following steps: Step S1 Pretreatment: Immerse the natural fibers in a NaOH solution with a mass fraction of 5% - 10% for 2 - 4 hours, wash the natural fibers with water until neutral, and then dry them. Step S2 Matrix mixing: Mix the degradable polymer matrix, the phase change energy storage particles, the treated reinforcing fibers, and the interfacial compatibilizer in a high-speed mixer. The mixing temperature in the high-speed mixer is 80 - 100°C, the rotation speed in the high-speed mixer is 500 - 800 r / min, and the mixing time in the high-speed mixer is 15 - 30 minutes to form a mixture. Step S3 Extrusion granulation: Granulate the mixture through a twin-screw extruder. The extrusion temperature zones are as follows: zone 1 is 160 - 170°C, zone 2 is 170 - 180°C, zone 3 is 175 - 185°C, and the die head temperature is 180 - 190°C to extrude and form pelletized materials. Step S4 Multi-layer composite: Form the pelletized materials into a base material layer through a hot press. Synchronously, form a heat-conducting layer by the casting method using graphene nanosheets and a degradable resin. The heat-conducting layer is a graphene heat conduction network and is compounded with the base material layer through a rolling process. Step S5 Surface treatment: Coat or laminate a decorative layer on the surface of the heat-conducting layer. The curing temperature is 80 - 120°C, the pressure is 5 - 10 MPa, and the time is 10 - 20 minutes to form a composite decorative panel.

[0028] In step S2, ultrasonic oscillation is introduced to assist dispersion during the mixing process. The ultrasonic frequency is 20 - 40 kHz, and the power is 200 - 500 W. The process parameters for hot pressing and forming in step S4 are: temperature 165 - 180 °C, pressure 8 - 15 MPa, and pressure holding time 3 - 8 minutes. The thermal conductivity of the decorative panel is 0.5 - 1.2 W / (m·K), and the flexural strength of the decorative panel is ≥ 35 MPa. The decorative panel also contains 0.1% - 1% by mass of a flame retardant, and the flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate or nano magnesium hydroxide. The graphene thermal conduction network of the surface functional layer dynamically regulates the environmental temperature of the composite decorative panel.

[0029] Comparative example; The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that; A temperature - controllable and degradable composite decorative panel, comprising the following components: Matrix material: composed of 70% by mass of a degradable polymer matrix, and the degradable polymer is poly(butylene succinate); Temperature - control functional material: composed of 18% by mass of phase - change energy - storage particles, and the phase - change energy - storage particles are methyl palmitate. The particle size range of the phase - change energy - storage particles is 20 - 40 μm; Reinforcing fiber: 8% by mass of inorganic fiber, and the inorganic fiber is basalt fiber; Interface compatibilizer: 4% by mass of an epoxy resin modifier; Surface functional layer: a thermal - conduction layer formed by compounding PBS resin with 1.5% graphene nanosheets. The thickness of the thermal - conduction layer is 100 μm, and the mass ratio of graphene is 2%; The decorative panel is a multi - layer composite structure. The multi - layer composite structure includes a base material layer, a thermal - conduction layer, and a surface decoration layer. The base material layer, the thermal - conduction layer, and the surface decoration layer are combined through a hot - pressing and forming process. The base material layer is composed of the matrix material, the temperature - control functional material, the reinforcing fiber, and the interface compatibilizer. The thermal - conduction layer is the surface functional layer. The phase - change temperature of the phase - change energy - storage particles is 30 °C, and the latent heat value is 160 J / g. The surface of the phase - change energy - storage particles is pretreated with a silane coupling agent to enhance the interfacial bonding with the matrix material. The fiber length of the inorganic fiber is 4 mm, and the inorganic fiber is treated by alkali treatment or plasma treatment to improve fiber dispersion. The surface decoration layer is a water - borne polyurethane coating or a degradable wood - grain film - covering layer. The thickness of the water - borne polyurethane coating or the degradable wood - grain film - covering layer is 0.1 - 0.5 mm, and the film - covering layer contains 0.5% - 2% by mass of an antibacterial agent.

[0030] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 is that; A temperature - controllable and degradable composite decorative panel, comprising the following components: Matrix material: It consists of 75 parts by mass of a degradable polymer matrix, and the degradable polymer is polybutylene succinate; Temperature control functional material: It consists of 20 parts by mass of phase change energy storage particles. The phase change energy storage particles are paraffin / silica composite microcapsules, and the particle size range of the phase change energy storage particles is 10 - 30 μm; Reinforcing fiber: It is 10 parts by mass of natural fiber, and the natural fiber is bamboo fiber; Interface compatibilizer: It is 3 parts by mass of maleic anhydride grafted PLA; Surface functional layer: It is a heat conduction layer formed by compounding PLA resin with 2% graphene nanosheets. The thickness of the heat conduction layer is 100 μm, and the mass ratio of graphene is 2%; The decorative panel is a multi-layer composite structure. The multi-layer composite structure includes a base material layer, a heat conduction layer, and a surface decoration layer. The base material layer, the heat conduction layer, and the surface decoration layer are combined by a hot pressing process. The base material layer is composed of the matrix material, the temperature control functional material, the reinforcing fiber, and the interface compatibilizer. The heat conduction layer is the surface functional layer. The phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage particles is 20 °C, the latent heat value is 180 J / g, and its surface is pretreated with a silane coupling agent to enhance the interfacial bonding with the matrix material. The fiber length of the natural fiber is 3 mm, the aspect ratio of the natural fiber is 25, and the natural fiber is treated by alkali treatment or plasma treatment to improve fiber dispersion. The surface decoration layer is a waterborne polyurethane coating or a degradable wood grain film layer. The thickness of the waterborne polyurethane coating or the degradable wood grain film layer is 0.1 - 0.5 mm, and the film layer contains 0.5% - 2% by mass of antibacterial agent.

[0031] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 3 is that; A controllable temperature degradable composite decorative panel, including the following components: Matrix material: It consists of 66 parts by mass of a degradable polymer matrix, and the degradable polymer is polyhydroxyalkanoate; Temperature control functional material: It consists of 18 parts by mass of phase change energy storage particles. The phase change energy storage particles are a composite system of 15% paraffin / silica and 5% lauric acid, and the particle size range of the phase change energy storage particles is 20 - 40 μm; Reinforcing fiber: It is 12 parts by mass of natural fiber, and the natural fiber is coconut shell fiber; Interface compatibilizer: It is 4 parts by mass of an epoxy resin modifier; Surface functional layer: It is a heat conduction layer formed by compounding PLA / PHA blend resin with 3% graphene nanosheets. The thickness of the heat conduction layer is 200 μm, and the mass ratio of graphene is 2%; The decorative panel is a multi-layer composite structure, which includes a substrate layer, a heat-conducting layer, and a surface decorative layer. The substrate layer, the heat-conducting layer, and the surface decorative layer are combined through a hot-pressing forming process. The substrate layer consists of a matrix material, a temperature-control functional material, reinforcing fibers, and an interfacial compatibilizer. The heat-conducting layer is a surface functional layer. The phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage particles is 30 °C, and the latent heat value is 160 J / g. The surface thereof is pretreated with a silane coupling agent to enhance the interfacial bonding with the matrix material. The fiber length of the natural fiber is 4 mm, and the aspect ratio of the natural fiber is ≥20. The natural fiber is treated with alkali or plasma to improve the fiber dispersion. The surface decorative layer is a waterborne polyurethane coating or a degradable wood grain film layer, and the thickness of the waterborne polyurethane coating or the degradable wood grain film layer is 0.1 - 0.5 mm. The film layer contains 0.5% - 2% by mass of an antibacterial agent.

[0032] The composite material decorative panels of Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 of the present invention and the traditional composite material decorative panel (Comparative Example 1) were respectively subjected to experiments on thermal conductivity, flexural strength, 180-day degradation rate, and temperature fluctuation suppression rate, and their numerical values were calculated and statistically analyzed respectively. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0033] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the thermal conductivities of the composite material decorative panels of Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 of the present invention are 0.98, 0.82, 1.15, and 0.21 respectively, which are significantly higher than the thermal conductivity of the composite material decorative panel in Comparative Example 1. Therefore, it shows that the thermal conductivity of the composite material decorative panel of the present invention is significantly improved.

[0034] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the flexural strengths of the composite material decorative panels of Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 of the present invention are 38.5, 34.2, 41.6, and 22.3 respectively, which are significantly higher than the flexural strength of the composite material decorative panel in Comparative Example 1. Therefore, it shows that the flexural strength of the composite material decorative panel of the present invention is significantly improved.

[0035] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the 180-day degradation rates of the composite material decorative panels of Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 of the present invention are 92.3, 88.7, 90.5, and 95.1 respectively, which are significantly better than the 180-day degradation rate of the composite material decorative panel in Comparative Example 1. Therefore, it shows that the 180-day degradation rate of the composite material decorative panel of the present invention is significantly improved.

[0036] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the temperature fluctuation suppression rates of the composite material decorative panels of Example 1, Example 2, and Example 3 of the present invention are 68, 62, 73, and 9 respectively, which are significantly higher than the temperature fluctuation suppression rate of the composite material decorative panel in Comparative Example 1. Therefore, it shows that the temperature fluctuation suppression rate of the composite material decorative panel of the present invention is significantly improved.

[0037] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, in all respects, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Accordingly, all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims concerned.

Claims

1. A temperature-controllable degradable composite decorative panel, characterized in that It includes the following components: Matrix material: It is composed of 60%-80% by mass of a degradable polymer matrix, and the degradable polymer is at least one of polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate, and polybutylene succinate; Temperature control functional material: It is composed of 10%-25% by mass of phase change energy storage particles. The phase change energy storage particles include paraffin / silica composite microcapsules or fatty acid ester-based organic phase change materials, and the particle size range of the phase change energy storage particles is 5-50μm; Reinforcing fiber: 5%-15% by mass of natural fiber or inorganic fiber. The natural fiber is bamboo fiber, sisal fiber, or coconut shell fiber, and the inorganic fiber is basalt fiber or glass fiber; Interface compatibilizer: 2%-5% by mass of maleic anhydride grafted polymer or epoxy resin modifier; Surface functional layer: A heat conduction layer formed by the composite of a degradable resin and graphene nanosheets. The thickness of the heat conduction layer is 50-200μm, and the mass ratio of graphene is 1%-3%; The decorative panel is a multi-layer composite structure. The multi-layer composite structure includes a substrate layer, a heat conduction layer, and a surface decorative layer. The substrate layer, the heat conduction layer, and the surface decorative layer are combined through a hot pressing process. The substrate layer is composed of the matrix material, the temperature control functional material, the reinforcing fiber, and the interface compatibilizer, and the heat conduction layer is the surface functional layer.

2. The temperature-controllable degradable composite decorative panel according to claim 1, wherein: The phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage particles is 20-35°C, the latent heat value ≥150J / g, and its surface is pretreated with a silane coupling agent to enhance the interfacial bonding with the matrix material.

3. A temperature-controllable degradable composite decorative panel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The fiber length of the natural fiber or inorganic fiber is 1-5mm, the aspect ratio of the natural fiber or inorganic fiber ≥20, and the fiber dispersibility of the natural fiber or inorganic fiber is improved through alkali treatment or plasma treatment.

4. A temperature-controllable degradable composite decorative panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface decorative layer is a waterborne polyurethane coating or a degradable wood grain film layer. The thickness of the waterborne polyurethane coating or the degradable wood grain film layer is 0.1-0.5mm, and the film layer contains 0.5%-2% by mass of an antibacterial agent.

5. A preparation method of a temperature-controllable degradable composite decorative panel, applicable to the temperature-controllable degradable composite decorative panel according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that It includes the following steps: Step S1 Pretreatment: Immerse the natural fiber in a 5%-10% by mass NaOH solution for 2-4 hours, wash the natural fiber until it is neutral, and then dry it; Step S2 Matrix mixing: Mix the degradable polymer matrix, the phase change energy storage particles, the treated reinforcing fiber, and the interface compatibilizer in a high-speed mixer. The mixing temperature in the high-speed mixer is 80-100°C, the rotation speed in the high-speed mixer is 500-800r / min, and the mixing time in the high-speed mixer is 15-30 minutes to form a mixture; Step S3 Extrusion granulation: Granulate the mixture through a twin-screw extruder. The extrusion temperature zones are: zone 1 at 160-170°C, zone 2 at 170-180°C, zone 3 at 175-185°C, and the die head temperature at 180-190°C to extrude and form pellet materials; Step S4 Multi-layer composite: Mould the pellet materials into a substrate layer through a hot press. Synchronously, form a heat conduction layer by the casting method with graphene nanosheets and a degradable resin. The heat conduction layer is a graphene heat conduction network, and it is compounded with the substrate layer through a rolling process; Step S5 Surface treatment: Coat or laminate a decorative layer on the surface of the heat-conducting layer, with a curing temperature of 80 - 120 °C, a pressure of 5 - 10 MPa, and a time of 10 - 20 minutes to form a composite decorative panel.

6. The temperature-controllable degradable composite decorative panel according to claim 5, wherein: During the mixing process in Step S2, ultrasonic oscillation is introduced to assist dispersion, with an ultrasonic frequency of 20 - 40 kHz and a power of 200 - 500 W.

7. The temperature-controllable degradable composite decorative panel according to claim 5, wherein: The process parameters for hot pressing and forming in Step S4 are: a temperature of 165 - 180 °C, a pressure of 8 - 15 MPa, and a holding pressure time of 3 - 8 minutes.

8. A temperature-controllable degradable composite decorative panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat conductivity coefficient of the decorative panel is 0.5 - 1.2 W / (m·K), and the flexural strength of the decorative panel is ≥ 35 MPa.

9. A temperature-controllable degradable composite decorative panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The decorative panel also contains 0.1% - 1% by mass of a flame retardant, and the flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate or nano magnesium hydroxide.

10. A temperature-controllable degradable composite decorative panel according to claim 5, characterized in that: The graphene heat conduction network of the surface functional layer dynamically regulates the ambient temperature of the composite decorative panel.

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