Battery charging method, device, vehicle, storage medium and program product

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of battery charging and discloses a battery charging method, device, vehicle, storage medium and program product. The present invention constructs an electric-thermal-aging coupling model of a battery, receives an expected charge amount submitted by a user, determines a first current charging strategy, and inputs the first current charging strategy into the coupling model. The first current charging strategy is optimized using a first battery charging constraint with a minimum charging time as an objective function to obtain a target charging time. A second current charging strategy is determined based on the expected charge amount, and the second current charging strategy is input into the coupling model. The second current charging strategy is optimized with a minimum battery aging attenuation as an objective function to obtain a target current charging strategy. The battery is then charged, thereby enabling users to conveniently adjust the expected charge amount and charging time according to their vehicle usage needs. The optimal current charging strategy is obtained based on the minimum battery aging attenuation as the goal, thereby improving the battery life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery charging, and in particular to a battery charging method, device, vehicle, storage medium and program product. Background Art

[0002] As the core component of current electric vehicles, the performance and service life of lithium-ion power batteries directly affect the vehicle's endurance, economy, safety and user experience. As users' demand for electric vehicle charging speeds continues to increase, it is necessary to specify reasonable charging strategies and optimize and adjust parameters such as charging speed, time, current and voltage to maximize the battery's fast charging capabilities while ensuring battery safety and life.

[0003] Currently, when specifying charging strategies for power batteries, the current parameter is mainly adjusted. Most power battery systems use a constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) charging strategy, which has the advantages of being simple and easy to implement. However, this strategy significantly reduces the charging speed in the later stages of charging when the battery approaches the rated voltage, and the overall charging time is greatly increased. In addition, if the battery ages or its performance degrades during the charging process, the battery life will be shortened. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a battery charging method, device, vehicle, storage medium and program product to solve the problem that the constant current and constant voltage strategy will cause the charging time to become longer and the battery life to decline.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a battery charging method, the method comprising: constructing an electro-thermal-aging coupling model of a battery, the electro-thermal-aging coupling model being used to simulate the relationship between a battery's charging current, charging time, and battery aging attenuation; receiving an expected charging amount submitted by a user based on actual needs, and determining a first current charging strategy based on the expected charging amount; establishing a first battery charging constraint based on battery temperature, charging current, and charging amount, inputting the first current charging strategy into the electro-thermal-aging coupling model, and optimizing the first current charging strategy using the first battery charging constraint with minimizing charging time as an objective function to obtain a target charging time; determining a second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging amount; establishing a second battery charging constraint based on battery temperature, charging current, charging amount, and charging time, inputting the second current charging strategy into the electro-thermal-aging coupling model, and optimizing the second current charging strategy using the second battery charging constraint with minimizing battery aging attenuation as an objective function to obtain a target current charging strategy; and charging the battery based on the target current charging strategy.

[0006] The battery charging method provided by the present invention constructs an electric-thermal-aging coupling model of the battery, receives the expected charging capacity submitted by the user based on actual needs, and determines a first current charging strategy based on the expected charging capacity, establishes a first battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current and charging capacity, inputs the first current charging strategy into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model, uses the first battery charging constraint to take the minimum charging time as the objective function, optimizes the first current charging strategy to obtain a target charging time, determines a second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging capacity, and establishes a second battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current, charging capacity and charging time. Constraint, input the second current charging strategy into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model, use the second battery charging constraint to take the minimum battery aging attenuation as the objective function, optimize the second current charging strategy, and obtain the target current charging strategy. Based on the target current charging strategy, charge the battery, so that users can conveniently and accurately adjust the expected power and charging time according to their own car needs, accurately reduce the charging time, and based on the minimum battery aging attenuation as the goal, obtain the optimal current charging strategy, which can improve the battery service life, reduce battery aging, provide users with more flexible and rich strategy options, and greatly improve the flexibility, practicality and economy of charging.

[0007] In an optional embodiment, the receiving of the expected charging amount submitted by the user based on actual needs includes: obtaining the target mileage value input by the user; calculating the expected charging amount based on the target mileage value, the vehicle's energy consumption per 100 kilometers, and the correction factors of the vehicle's energy efficiency, load, and air conditioning on the total power.

[0008] The user of the present invention can directly input the mileage, which is then converted into the expected charge amount for calculation. The user does not need to estimate the expected charge amount by himself, which reduces the difficulty of user experience. The expected charge amount is corrected based on multi-factor energy consumption, which can reduce the error of the endurance estimation.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the first current charging strategy is determined based on the expected charging amount, including: dividing the expected charging amount into multiple sub-segments, and randomly setting the initial current value for each sub-segment to form a first current charging strategy, wherein the current values corresponding to all sub-segments are not exactly the same; or, based on the expected charging amount, the second current charging strategy is determined, including: dividing the expected charging amount into multiple sub-segments, and randomly setting the initial current value for each sub-segment to form a second current charging strategy, wherein the current values corresponding to all sub-segments are not exactly the same.

[0010] The present invention quantifies the expected charge into multiple sub-segments. During strategy optimization, the acceptable charging currents of different energy segments are different. Different sub-segments are optimized separately, so that the charging strategy approaches the optimal charging curve, reduces the probability of thermal runaway of the battery, and improves the cycle life of the battery.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the first battery charging constraint is established based on the battery temperature, charging current and charging amount, including: obtaining the current constraint value of the current vehicle power battery and the maximum allowable charging current at the charging pile end; the current value of each sub-segment is not greater than the current constraint value and the maximum allowable charging current, the battery temperature during the charging process is not greater than the upper temperature limit of the battery operation, and the cumulative charging amount at the end of charging is not less than the expected charging amount, as the first battery charging constraint.

[0012] The present invention sets dual current thresholds as linkage protection to prevent current from causing battery damage and charging pile overload, sets the battery temperature upper limit as a hard constraint, achieves thermal balance by dynamically adjusting the current, and constrains the cumulative power at the end of charging to be no less than the expected charging amount, ensuring that the charging amount meets user needs and improves user experience.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, before determining the second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging amount, the method further includes: feeding back the target charging time to the user so that the user reduces the expected charging amount based on the target charging time; receiving the user's reduced expected charging amount, and returning to the step of determining the first current charging strategy based on the expected charging amount, until the user feeds back that the target charging time meets actual needs.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, before determining the second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging amount, the method further includes: feeding back the target charging time to the user, and receiving a first charging time fed back by the user, the first charging time being greater than the target charging time; after updating the target charging time to the first charging time, executing the step of determining the second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging amount.

[0015] After determining the shortest charging time, the present invention can feed back the charging time to the user so that the user can adjust the charging time with reference to the calculated charging time. Subsequently, the optimal segmented current value can be calculated based on the charging time adjusted by the user, which can meet the diversity of the user's charging needs and improve the user experience.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, the second battery charging constraint is established based on the battery temperature, charging current, charging amount and charging time, including: obtaining the current constraint value of the current vehicle power battery and the maximum allowable charging current at the charging pile end; the current value of each sub-segment is not greater than the current constraint value and the maximum allowable charging current, the battery temperature during the charging process is not greater than the upper temperature limit of the battery operation, the cumulative charging amount at the end of charging is not less than the expected charging amount, and the total charging time is not greater than the target charging time, as the second battery charging constraint.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, the construction of the battery's electric-thermal-aging coupling model includes: obtaining the battery's charge and discharge characteristic curve, and determining multiple different state of charge points based on the charge and discharge characteristic curve; performing a static test at each state of charge point to establish a corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge; based on the battery's charge and discharge characteristic curve, identifying the electrochemical characteristic parameters in a preset battery equivalent circuit model to obtain an electric model, and the electric model is used to simulate the relationship between current, open circuit voltage and state of charge; constructing a thermal model that includes battery heat generation, heat exchange between the battery thermal management system and the environment, which is used to simulate the relationship between current, electrochemical characteristic parameters and battery temperature, and simulate the relationship between battery temperature, state of charge and charging rate value; constructing an aging model for battery capacity decay, which is used to simulate the relationship between charging rate value, charging current, state of charge, battery temperature and charging time on battery capacity decay; coupling the electric model, thermal model and aging model to obtain an electric-thermal-aging coupling model.

[0018] The present invention extracts electrochemical parameters through the charge and discharge curves, and combines them with thermal models to simulate the heat generation and heat dissipation process, which can reflect the coupling relationship between current, voltage and temperature in real time. The aging model comprehensively considers the impact of multiple variables such as charging rate, current, temperature and state of charge on capacity decay, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-factor aging models to optimize battery charging strategies based on multiple parameters, which can not only meet users' requirements for charging time, but also reduce the degree of battery aging.

[0019] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a battery charging device, which includes: a model construction module for constructing an electric-thermal-aging coupling model of a battery, wherein the electric-thermal-aging coupling model is used to simulate the relationship between the battery's charging current, charging time, and battery aging attenuation; a first charging strategy determination module for receiving an expected charging amount submitted by a user based on actual needs, and determining a first current charging strategy based on the expected charging amount; a charging time determination module for establishing a first battery charging constraint based on battery temperature, charging current, and charging amount, inputting the first current charging strategy into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model, and using the first battery charging constraint to calculate the charging time. The first current charging strategy is optimized with minimum as the objective function to obtain a target charging time; a second charging strategy determination module is used to determine a second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging amount; a target charging strategy determination module is used to establish a second battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current, charging amount and charging time, input the second current charging strategy into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model, and use the second battery charging constraint to minimize the battery aging attenuation as the objective function to optimize the second current charging strategy to obtain a target current charging strategy; a battery charging module is used to charge the battery based on the target current charging strategy.

[0020] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a vehicle, comprising a controller, the controller comprising a memory and a processor, the memory and the processor being communicatively connected to each other, the memory storing computer instructions, and the processor executing the battery charging method of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof by executing the computer instructions.

[0021] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer instructions stored thereon, the computer instructions being used to enable a computer to execute the battery charging method of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0022] In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a computer program product, comprising computer instructions, which are used to enable a computer to execute the battery charging method of the first aspect or any corresponding embodiment thereof.

[0023] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0024] The present invention constructs an electric-thermal-aging coupling model of a battery, receives an expected charging capacity submitted by a user based on actual needs, and determines a first current charging strategy based on the expected charging capacity, establishes a first battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current and charging capacity, inputs the first current charging strategy into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model, uses the first battery charging constraint to take the minimum charging time as the objective function, optimizes the first current charging strategy to obtain a target charging time, determines a second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging capacity, establishes a second battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current, charging capacity and charging time, and The second current charging strategy is input into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model. The second battery charging constraint is used to optimize the second current charging strategy with the minimum battery aging attenuation as the objective function to obtain the target current charging strategy. Based on the target current charging strategy, the battery is charged, so that users can conveniently and accurately adjust the expected power and charging time according to their own vehicle needs, accurately reduce the charging time, and based on the minimum battery aging attenuation as the goal, obtain the optimal current charging strategy, which can improve the battery service life, reduce battery aging, provide users with more flexible and rich strategy options, and greatly improve the flexibility, practicality and economy of charging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a schematic flow chart of another battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is an example diagram of establishing an electrical-thermal-aging coupling model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a second-order RC equivalent circuit model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 is an example graph of temperature variation over time during charging according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 is a diagram showing the relationships between the various models in the electrical-thermal-aging coupling model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 is an example diagram of an algorithm flow for implementing charging strategy optimization according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 is an exemplary diagram of battery charging according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 is a structural block diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 10 is a structural block diagram of a battery charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the controller according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Most existing power battery systems use a constant current and constant voltage charging strategy. Although this strategy has the advantages of being simple and easy to implement, the charging speed may decrease significantly in the later stages of charging, approaching the rated voltage of the battery, making it difficult to complete the charging process quickly. In the constant current stage, the charging current is large, the chemical reaction in the battery is more intense, and it is easy to generate more heat. In addition, if the battery ages or its performance degrades (such as capacity decay or internal resistance increase) during the charging process, a series of problems may occur.

[0039] Moreover, most fast-charging strategies almost assume that users must charge the battery to the maximum extent possible within a certain period of time, but the decrease in charging speed when it is almost fully charged will lead to a significant increase in the overall charging time. In fact, ordinary users do not necessarily need to charge the battery to a full state every time. Users can determine the corresponding charging amount based on their actual car use needs, and the full charging operation can be carried out during the vehicle's idle time, such as at night or during peak and valley electricity price periods. The slow charging mode can not only help to significantly reduce the charging time during the car use stage, but also can more carefully consider the cost of car use.

[0040] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of a battery charging method is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in an order different from that shown here.

[0041] In this embodiment, a battery charging method is provided, which can be used in the above-mentioned controller. Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0042] Step S101: constructing an electrical-thermal-aging coupling model of a battery.

[0043] Among them, the electric-thermal-aging coupling model is used to simulate the relationship between the battery's charging current, charging time and battery aging attenuation.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present invention, an equivalent circuit model can be constructed first, and the dynamic electrical characteristics of the battery can be simulated through components such as resistors and capacitors to describe the relationship between the charging current, terminal voltage and state of charge; a three-dimensional thermal model of the battery can be established, taking into account internal heat sources (electrochemical reaction heat, ohmic heat), thermal conductivity coefficient, convection heat transfer coefficient, etc., to solve the temperature field distribution inside the battery, and then based on the interpolation table of current rate values corresponding to different preset temperatures and states of charge, the corresponding current rate value can be determined, and then the charging time of the battery can be calculated based on the current rate value; and then based on the accelerated aging test (different current, temperature, state of charge (State of Charge, SOC) range), establish the empirical formula of aging attenuation (such as capacity attenuation, internal resistance growth rate) and current, temperature, and charging time. Finally, through the multi-physics field coupling method, the three key dimensions of the battery in the charging process (electrical characteristics, thermal characteristics, and aging characteristics) can be integrated into a coupling model to simulate the relationship between the battery's charging current, charging time, and battery aging attenuation. Specifically, the charging current can be input into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model. The electric model calculates the terminal voltage, heat generation, and state of charge based on the charging current. The thermal model calculates the temperature based on the heat generation. Then, based on the state of charge and temperature, the current rate value can be determined from the interpolation table of current rate values corresponding to different preset temperatures and states of charge to calculate the charging time. The aging model calculates the battery aging attenuation based on the charging current, temperature, and state of charge. This is just an example.

[0045] Step S102: receiving an expected charging amount submitted by a user based on actual demand, and determining a first current charging strategy based on the expected charging amount.

[0046] The embodiments of the present invention take into account the diversity of user charging needs in actual use, and allow users to input the expected charging amount for this charging based on their own needs. For example, when the user is in a hurry to use the vehicle and does not need the vehicle to be fully charged, the user can input the expected charging amount to the controller. When the vehicle is in idle periods such as at night, the user can choose to charge the power to the maximum, thereby meeting the user's independent needs for charging time and target charging amount. It can not only actively extend the battery life, but also allow users to flexibly choose the charging amount and time according to their own situation, effectively solving the problem of not being able to accurately adapt to user needs.

[0047] The embodiment of the present invention does not limit the method of establishing the first current charging strategy based on the expected charge amount. For example, when the expected charge amount is small or the battery is in good condition, constant current charging can be adopted until it approaches the expected charge amount and then switches to the constant voltage stage. A segmented constant current method can also be adopted, that is, the current is adjusted in stages according to the charging progress, such as initially charging at 1C to 50% SOC, and then reducing it to 0.8C to charge to the target value, balancing efficiency and heat generation. There is no limitation. The current value in the initial current charging strategy and the curve shape of the current changing with time or state of charge can be randomly set, which is only used as an example.

[0048] Step S103: Establish a first battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current, and charge capacity, input the first current charging strategy into the electrical-thermal-aging coupling model, and optimize the first current charging strategy using the first battery charging constraint with minimizing charging time as the objective function to obtain a target charging time.

[0049] An embodiment of the present invention can pre-establish a first battery charging constraint in which the battery temperature is not greater than a preset temperature threshold, the charging current is not greater than a preset maximum current threshold, and the charging amount satisfies the expected charging amount submitted by the user, and input the first current charging strategy into the electro-thermal-aging coupling model. The electro-thermal model is used to output the temperature and state of charge based on the input charging current, and then the corresponding current rate value is determined according to the preset interpolation table of different temperatures, states of charge and current rate values. The preset evolutionary computing algorithm is used to optimize the first current charging strategy with the minimum charging time as the objective function to obtain the target charging time, wherein the target charging time is the shortest reference time after calculation. There is no limitation on the type of the preset evolutionary computing algorithm, which may include a particle swarm algorithm, a genetic algorithm, etc. By iteratively updating the charging current value and the change curve in the first current charging strategy, the total charging time is gradually minimized. This is only for example.

[0050] Step S104: determining a second current charging strategy based on the target charging duration and the expected charging amount.

[0051] The embodiment of the present invention can feed back the determined shortest total charging time to the user so that the user can judge whether the shortest total charging time meets the time requirement. If the shortest total charging time meets the time requirement, there is no need to change the expected charging amount or the target charging time. Then, the second current charging strategy can be determined based on the initially submitted expected charging amount. The method of determining the second current charging strategy can be found in the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0052] Step S105: Establish a second battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current, charging capacity, and charging time. Input the second current charging strategy into the electrical-thermal-aging coupling model. Utilize the second battery charging constraint and minimize the battery aging attenuation as the objective function to optimize the second current charging strategy and obtain a target current charging strategy.

[0053] The embodiment of the present invention can establish a second battery charging constraint in which the battery temperature is not greater than a preset temperature threshold, the charging current value is not greater than a preset current threshold, the charge amount after charging is completed is not less than the expected charge amount, and the charging time is not greater than the target charging time, and input the randomly set second current charging strategy into the electro-thermal-aging coupling model. The electro-thermal model is used to output parameters such as temperature and state of charge based on the input charging current strategy. The aging model is then used to output the battery aging attenuation based on parameters such as the charging current strategy, temperature, and state of charge. Subsequently, a preset evolutionary computing algorithm is used to optimize the second current charging strategy with the minimum battery aging attenuation as the objective function to obtain a target current charging strategy.

[0054] Step S106: charging the battery based on the target current charging strategy.

[0055] The embodiment of the present invention can charge the power battery based on the optimal target current charging strategy to complete the charging process.

[0056] The battery charging method provided in this embodiment constructs an electric-thermal-aging coupling model of the battery, receives the expected charging capacity submitted by the user based on actual needs, and determines a first current charging strategy based on the expected charging capacity, establishes a first battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current and charging capacity, inputs the first current charging strategy into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model, uses the first battery charging constraint to take the minimum charging time as the objective function, optimizes the first current charging strategy to obtain a target charging time, determines a second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging capacity, and establishes a second battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current, charging capacity and charging time. Constraint, input the second current charging strategy into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model, use the second battery charging constraint to take the minimum battery aging attenuation as the objective function, optimize the second current charging strategy, and obtain the target current charging strategy. Based on the target current charging strategy, charge the battery, so that users can conveniently and accurately adjust the expected power and charging time according to their own car needs, accurately reduce the charging time, and based on the minimum battery aging attenuation as the goal, obtain the optimal current charging strategy, which can improve the battery service life, reduce battery aging, provide users with more flexible and rich strategy options, and greatly improve the flexibility, practicality and economy of charging.

[0057] In this embodiment, a battery charging method is provided, which can be used in a controller. Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a battery charging method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the process includes the following steps:

[0058] Step S201: constructing an electrical-thermal-aging coupling model of a battery.

[0059] Among them, the electric-thermal-aging coupling model is used to simulate the relationship between the battery's charging current, charging time and battery aging attenuation.

[0060] Specifically, the above step S201 includes:

[0061] Step S2011, obtain the charge and discharge characteristic curve of the battery, and based on the charge and discharge characteristic curve, determine multiple different state of charge points, perform a static test at each state of charge point, establish a corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge, and based on the charge and discharge characteristic curve of the battery, identify the electrochemical characteristic parameters in the preset battery equivalent circuit model to obtain an electrical model.

[0062] Among them, the electrical model is used to simulate the relationship between current, open circuit voltage and state of charge.

[0063] like Figure 3As shown, the embodiment of the present invention can obtain a charge and discharge characteristic curve through a charge and discharge experiment of the battery. In order to fully stimulate the dynamic characteristics of the battery, the test conditions may include but are not limited to: pulse charge and discharge test: applying a series of short-term (e.g., 10s-60s) constant current pulses (alternating charge and discharge) to the battery, and recording the voltage and current responses during each pulse; hybrid pulse power characteristic (HPPC) test: performing pulse charge and discharge tests at different SOC points (e.g., SOC = 90%, 80%, ..., 10%), each SOC point including a charge pulse, rest, discharge pulse, and rest; constant current charge and discharge test: charging and discharging at a constant current, recording the voltage and current changes; rest test: leaving the battery at rest after the charge and discharge are completed, and recording the voltage recovery process.

[0064] The embodiment of the present invention can determine multiple different state of charge points based on the charge and discharge characteristic curve of the battery, and perform a static test at each state of charge point to establish a relationship table or fitting curve of the open circuit voltage (OCV) versus state of charge, that is, the SOC-OCV change curve. Then, the electrochemical characteristic parameters such as ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance, and polarization capacitance in the preset battery equivalent circuit model can be identified through the charge and discharge characteristic curve data, open circuit voltage, and state of charge fitting curve to obtain the electrical model in the coupling model, such as Figure 4 As shown, the battery equivalent circuit model takes the second-order RC equivalent circuit model as an example:

[0065]

[0066] in, is the battery terminal voltage; is the open circuit voltage; is the current; is the ohmic internal resistance; and is the polarization resistance; and It is a polarized capacitor; and Represents polarization capacitance and The corresponding terminal voltage; t represents the time step.

[0067] Step S2012: construct a thermal model that includes battery heat generation, heat exchange between the battery thermal management system and the environment, and is used to simulate the relationship between current, electrochemical characteristic parameters and battery temperature, as well as the relationship between battery temperature, state of charge and charge rate value.

[0068] like Figure 3As shown, in order to improve the calculation rate, the embodiment of the present invention can use a lumped parameter model to calculate the temperature inside the battery pack, wherein the lumped parameter model includes 、 , Key parameters used to describe the conversion of energy into heat within a system, It is used to describe the heat transferred by the relative motion between the fluid and the solid surface during the heat transfer process. The overall temperature in the battery pack is assumed to be an average temperature, and the temperature value is corrected by the experimental data fitting coefficient to make it represent the worst temperature condition of the entire battery pack that affects battery aging. The change of battery pack temperature over time can be expressed as:

[0069] ⑵

[0070] in, represents the temperature of the battery pack at time t; m is the mass of the battery pack; is the specific heat capacity of the battery material; is the total heating power of the battery pack; is the total heat exchange power of the thermal management system and the total heat generation power of the battery pack It can be expressed as: , where I(t) is the charging current, which changes with time; is the equivalent total internal resistance of the battery pack; the total heat transfer power of the thermal management system can be expressed as: , where h is the heat transfer coefficient of the thermal management system, which depends on the heat exchange method; A is the heat exchange area; is the heat exchange interface temperature.

[0071] Furthermore, when solving the temperature, the time is discretized and the time step after discretization is Δt, And calculate the heating power of the battery in each time step and the total heat transfer power of the thermal management system , and combined with thermal management strategies, dynamically adjust the charging current I(t) and heat exchange power according to the temperature .

[0072] like Figure 5The figure shows a schematic diagram of the temperature change of the lumped parameter model over time under a certain operating condition. The initial temperature is 40°C, which exceeds the temperature threshold for thermal management to start cooling. Cooling is turned on, and the total heat generated during the charging process is lower than the heat exchange capacity of the cooling medium. Therefore, the temperature gradually decreases. However, as the charging current changes, the heat generation power gradually exceeds the cooling power, and the battery temperature rises. After reaching a certain temperature or duration, due to the decrease in charging current, the heat generation power gradually becomes lower than the cooling power, and the battery temperature gradually decreases again. During the entire process, the battery temperature must not exceed its operating temperature range. At the same time, during the change process, although the temperature and state of charge change, the current rate values corresponding to different temperature and state of charge points cannot exceed the following Table 1. For ease of presentation, the state of charge values between 20% and 80% are omitted in Table 1. More detailed current rate values corresponding to temperature and SOC points between adjacent temperature T and state of charge points can be obtained by interpolation.

[0073] Table 1

[0074]

[0075] Step S2013: constructing an aging model for battery capacity decay, which is used to simulate the relationship between the charge rate value, charging current, state of charge, battery temperature and charging time and the battery capacity decay.

[0076] like Figure 3 As shown, aging models are generally divided into storage aging and cycle aging. During the charging process, the cycle aging model can be used. Battery capacity decay is selected as the physical quantity to quantitatively measure the degree of aging. By establishing an empirical model of the influence of multiple factors such as charge rate, charge current, SOC, battery temperature, and charge time on capacity decay, combined with measured data, the aging model is obtained by correlation fitting. The following is an example of the cycle aging model, which is not limited:

[0077]

[0078] in, represents the aging attenuation; f() represents the mathematical function of the battery aging process; It represents the ratio of battery charging current to its rated capacity; T represents battery temperature; I represents battery charging current; Indicates the number of charge and discharge cycles that a battery can withstand when it decays from full capacity to a specific capacity; Indicates the cycle aging rate.

[0079] Step S2014: coupling the electrical model, thermal model, and aging model to obtain an electrical-thermal-aging coupled model.

[0080] The embodiment of the present invention can couple the above-mentioned electrical model, thermal model and aging model to obtain an electrical-thermal-aging coupling model, such as Figure 6 As shown, the electrical model can calculate the changes in the battery's terminal voltage, SOC and other electrical characteristic parameters through the current in the input battery charging strategy. At the same time, the current value and resistance value need to be input into the thermal model to calculate the temperature parameters of the battery. The temperature parameters can also be fed back to the electrical model to correct the electrical characteristic parameters such as ohmic internal resistance, polarization internal resistance and polarization capacitance. At this time, based on the SOC output by the electrical model and the temperature parameters output by the thermal model, the current rate value can be determined by pre-setting an interpolation table of different temperatures, SOC and current rate values, and then the charging time can be calculated; the current value and the temperature output by the thermal model can be fed back to the aging model to calculate the battery aging attenuation in each time step, just as an example.

[0081] The present invention extracts electrochemical parameters through the charge and discharge curves, and combines them with thermal models to simulate the heat generation and heat dissipation process, which can reflect the coupling relationship between current, voltage and temperature in real time. The aging model comprehensively considers the impact of multiple variables such as charging rate, current, temperature and state of charge on capacity decay, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-factor aging models to optimize battery charging strategies based on multiple parameters, which can not only meet users' requirements for charging time, but also reduce the degree of battery aging.

[0082] Step S202: receiving an expected charging amount submitted by a user based on actual demand, and determining a first current charging strategy based on the expected charging amount.

[0083] Specifically, the above step S202 includes:

[0084] Step S2021: Obtain the target mileage value input by the user.

[0085] Step S2022: Calculate the expected charge capacity based on the target mileage value, the vehicle's energy consumption per 100 kilometers, and the correction factors of the vehicle's energy efficiency, load, and air conditioning on the total charge capacity.

[0086] In consideration of the difficulty in measuring and estimating the desired charge capacity, the embodiment of the present invention allows the user to input a target mileage required before the next charging operation. The target mileage value input by the user can then be converted into the desired charge capacity, taking into account vehicle energy efficiency, load, air conditioning, and other consumption. The method for calculating the desired charge capacity is not limited, and the following formula is used as an example:

[0087] ⑷

[0088] Where E is the target charge amount; mile is the mileage input by the user; ec is the energy consumption per 100 kilometers; , and They represent the correction factors for the total power consumption considering energy efficiency, load and air conditioning consumption respectively.

[0089] The user of the present invention can directly input the mileage, which is then converted into the expected charge amount for calculation. The user does not need to estimate the expected charge amount by himself, which reduces the difficulty of user experience. The expected charge amount is corrected based on multi-factor energy consumption, which can reduce the error of the endurance estimation.

[0090] Step S203: Establish a first battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current, and charge capacity, input the first current charging strategy into the electrical-thermal-aging coupling model, and optimize the first current charging strategy using the first battery charging constraint with minimizing charging time as the objective function to obtain a target charging time.

[0091] Specifically, the expected charge capacity is divided into multiple sub-capacity segments, and an initial current value is randomly set for each sub-capacity segment to form a first current charging strategy, wherein the current values corresponding to all sub-capacity segments are not exactly the same.

[0092] In the embodiment of the present invention, the expected charge capacity can be divided into K sub-capacity segments, and the initial current value of each sub-capacity segment is randomly set, i.e., I1, I2, ..., I k , forming a first current charging strategy, wherein the current values corresponding to all sub-charge segments are not exactly the same.

[0093] The present invention quantifies the expected charge into multiple sub-segments. During strategy optimization, the acceptable charging currents of different energy segments are different. Different sub-segments are optimized separately, so that the charging strategy approaches the optimal charging curve, reduces the probability of thermal runaway of the battery, and improves the cycle life of the battery.

[0094] Specifically, the current constraint value of the current vehicle power battery and the maximum allowable charging current at the charging pile end are obtained; the current value of each sub-segment is not greater than the current constraint value and the maximum allowable charging current, the battery temperature during the charging process is not greater than the upper temperature limit of the battery operation, and the cumulative charging amount at the end of charging is not less than the expected charging amount, which are used as the first battery charging constraint.

[0095] The embodiment of the present invention is aimed at electric vehicles that need to optimize the charging strategy. The current power level or SOC of the vehicle's power battery can be determined through the vehicle's battery management system (BMS), and the charging capacity of the charging pile end is sent, indicating the maximum allowable current of the charging pile end; then the current value of each sub-power segment can be established as follows: Not greater than the current constraint value and the maximum allowable charging current at the charging pile end , Temperature during charging Do not exceed the upper limit of the battery operating temperature range , The cumulative charge amount at the end of charging is not less than the expected charge amount The first charge constraint:

[0096]

[0097] The embodiment of the present invention utilizes a preset evolutionary computing algorithm, takes the minimum charging time as the objective function, and optimizes the first current charging strategy based on the first battery charging constraint designed above, ultimately obtaining a target charging time. The target charging time is a time that is infinitely close to the shortest charging time, as shown in the following formula:

[0098] ⑹

[0099] in, The charging time for each sub-segment; Indicates finding the minimum value of the shortest charging time for the function; Indicates the kth sub-segment of power.

[0100] The present invention sets dual current thresholds as linkage protection to prevent current from causing battery damage and charging pile overload, sets the battery temperature upper limit as a hard constraint, achieves thermal balance by dynamically adjusting the current, and constrains the cumulative power at the end of charging to be no less than the expected charging amount, ensuring that the charging amount meets user needs and improves user experience.

[0101] In a specific embodiment, the preset evolutionary computing algorithm is not limited and may include a particle swarm algorithm and a genetic algorithm. For example, the genetic algorithm Figure 7 As shown, the desired charge capacity is divided into k charging SOC sub-segments, and then an initial population is randomly generated, i.e., m columns of random charging current vectors. The accumulated aging decay corresponding to the current vector is calculated, while ensuring that the current value at each moment is less than the charge rate value in the corresponding charging MAP table at the current temperature and SOC. After fast non-dominated sorting, the first generation population is obtained through the three basic operations of selection, crossover, and mutation of the genetic algorithm. Starting from the second generation population, the parent population is merged with the child population, and fast non-dominated sorting is performed at the same time, and each individual in the population is assigned a non-dominated status level. The ranked non-dominated solution set is further sorted by crowding distance. Based on the non-dominated relationship and individual crowding degree, suitable individuals are selected to form a new parent population, and then a new child population is generated through the basic operations of the genetic algorithm. This process is repeated until the iterative error reaches the set value or the maximum number of evolutionary generations is reached. This is just an example.

[0102] Furthermore, the target charging time is fed back to the user so that the user can reduce the expected charging amount based on the target charging time; the user's reduced expected charging amount is received, and the step of determining the first current charging strategy based on the expected charging amount is returned until the user feedback shows that the target charging time meets the actual needs.

[0103] After calculating the shortest target charging time, the embodiment of the present invention can provide feedback to the user. The user can then determine whether the shortest target charging time meets their time requirements and whether they need to reduce their target mileage or target charge amount to shorten the charging time. If the user is in a hurry to use the vehicle and believes that the shortest target charging time is still long, this indicates that the current charging station, even at the fastest charging rate, cannot meet the user's desired charge amount under the user's time requirements. Therefore, the user can adjust the input desired charge amount, namely, reduce the target mileage value or the desired charge amount. The controller can then reset the corresponding first current charging strategy based on the user's reduced desired charge amount and input the first current charging strategy into the electro-thermal-aging coupling model. Using a preset evolutionary computing algorithm, the shortest target charging time is recalculated with minimizing charging time as the objective function. The user can then determine whether the time requirements are met. If not, the desired charge amount needs to be further reduced until the shortest target charging time meets the user's requirements. The corresponding desired charge amount is then the user's reduced desired charge amount.

[0104] In an optional embodiment, the target charging time is fed back to the user, and a first charging time fed back by the user is received, and the first charging time is greater than the target charging time; after the target charging time is updated to the first charging time, the step of determining the second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging amount is executed.

[0105] In an embodiment of the present invention, after the target charging time is fed back to the user, if the user considers actively improving the battery life or is not in a hurry to use the car, the user can extend the charging time based on the shortest target charging time to obtain the extended target charging time. At this time, the expected charging amount is still the expected charging amount initially submitted by the user. In one embodiment, if the car is currently in an idle period or a period of low electricity prices, the user can choose to charge the power to the maximum, or set the target mileage to the full-charge range, and when adjusting the charging time subsequently, choose to extend it to a longer charging time. Slow charging is beneficial to reducing battery aging, and can also reduce charging costs with the help of the low electricity price mechanism.

[0106] After determining the shortest charging time, the present invention can feed back the charging time to the user so that the user can adjust the charging time with reference to the calculated charging time. Subsequently, the optimal segmented current value can be calculated based on the charging time adjusted by the user, which can meet the diversity of the user's charging needs and improve the user experience.

[0107] Step S204: determining a second current charging strategy based on the target charging duration and the expected charging amount.

[0108] Specifically, based on the expected charging amount, a second current charging strategy is determined, including: dividing the expected charging amount into multiple sub-segments, and randomly setting the initial current value for each sub-segment to form a second current charging strategy, wherein the current values corresponding to all sub-segments are not exactly the same.

[0109] The embodiment of the present invention can divide the expected charging amount into multiple sub-segments after the user adjusts the charging time, and can randomly set the initial current value for each sub-segment, i.e., I1, I2...I k , forming a second current charging strategy, so as to subsequently optimize the charging current for each sub-segment of power, wherein the current values corresponding to all sub-segments of power are not all the same.

[0110] Step S205: Establish a second battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current, charging capacity, and charging time. Input the second current charging strategy into the electrical-thermal-aging coupling model. Utilize the second battery charging constraint and minimize the battery aging attenuation as the objective function to optimize the second current charging strategy and obtain a target current charging strategy.

[0111] Specifically, the current constraint value of the current vehicle power battery and the maximum allowable charging current at the charging pile end are obtained; the current value of each sub-segment is not greater than the current constraint value and the maximum allowable charging current, the battery temperature during the charging process is not greater than the upper temperature limit of the battery operation, the cumulative charging amount at the end of charging is not less than the expected charging amount, and the total charging time is not greater than the target charging time, as the second battery charging constraint.

[0112] The embodiment of the present invention can obtain the current constraint value of the current vehicle power battery through the battery management system and the maximum allowable charging current at the charging pile end ; Then the current value of each sub-segment can be established as follows Not greater than the current constraint value and the maximum allowable charging current at the charging pile end , Temperature during charging Do not exceed the upper limit of the battery operating temperature range , The cumulative charge amount at the end of charging is not less than the expected charge amount , Charging time is not longer than the target charging time The second battery charging constraint:

[0113]

[0114] The second current charging strategy can then be input into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model. Using the preset evolutionary computing algorithm, the second current charging strategy is optimized with the minimum battery aging attenuation as the objective function and the above-mentioned second battery charging constraint to obtain the optimal target current charging strategy, as shown in the following formula, i.e., the optimal segmented current value. The method for optimizing the preset evolutionary computing algorithm can be referred to the above embodiment and will not be repeated here:

[0115] ⑻

[0116] in, Indicates the battery aging attenuation corresponding to the kth sub-segment; It represents the minimum value of the function for aging attenuation; Represents the kth sub-segment of electricity.

[0117] Step S206: Charge the battery based on the target current charging strategy. Figure 1 Step S106 of the illustrated embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0118] In a specific embodiment, Figure 8As shown, an electric-thermal-aging coupling model of the battery is constructed, in which a quantitative mathematical relationship between the electric model, the thermal model and the aging model is constructed; for electric vehicles that need to optimize the charging strategy, the current power level or SOC of the power battery is determined by the battery management system, and the charging capacity of the charging pile is sent; the user can input the expected charging amount for this charging according to their own needs, or if the expected charging amount is difficult to measure and estimate, the user can input the target mileage required before the next charging operation; if the user inputs the target mileage, it is necessary to convert the target mileage input by the user into a target charging amount or SOC under the premise of considering the vehicle energy efficiency, load and air conditioning consumption; based on the expected charging amount input by the user, a first current charging strategy is established, and a first battery charging constraint is established based on the battery temperature, charging current and charging amount, and the first current charging strategy is input into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model. In the combined model, the first battery charging constraint is used to take the minimum charging time as the objective function to optimize the first current charging strategy and obtain the target charging time; the target charging time is fed back to the user so that the user can judge whether it is necessary to reduce the target mileage or the expected charging amount to shorten the charging time, or to judge whether to consider extending the charging time to slow down battery aging; based on the user-adjusted charging time and the corresponding expected charging amount, the expected charging is quantized into k sub-segments, and then the current value is randomly set for each sub-segment to form a second current charging strategy, which is input into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model, and the minimum battery aging attenuation is used as the objective function and the second battery charging constraint to optimize the second current charging strategy to obtain the target current charging strategy. Finally, the battery can be charged based on the target current charging strategy. For detailed description, please refer to the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0119] In this embodiment, a vehicle is also provided. Figure 9 As shown, the vehicle includes a controller 100, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other. Computer instructions are stored in the memory, and the processor executes the battery charging method described above by executing the computer instructions.

[0120] This embodiment also provides a battery charging device for implementing the above-mentioned embodiments and preferred embodiments. Details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the term "module" may refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementation using hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0121] This embodiment provides a battery charging device, such as Figure 10As shown, it includes: a model construction module 1001, which is used to construct a battery electric-thermal-aging coupling model, and the electric-thermal-aging coupling model is used to simulate the relationship between the battery's charging current, charging time and battery aging attenuation; a first charging strategy determination module 1002, which is used to receive the expected charging amount submitted by the user based on actual needs, and determine the first current charging strategy based on the expected charging amount; a charging time determination module 1003, which is used to establish a first battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current and charging amount, input the first current charging strategy into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model, and use the first battery charging constraint to minimize the charging time as the objective function to determine the first battery charging constraint. The first current charging strategy is optimized to obtain a target charging time; a second charging strategy determination module 1004 is used to determine a second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging amount; a target charging strategy determination module 1005 is used to establish a second battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current, charging amount and charging time, input the second current charging strategy into the electric-thermal-aging coupling model, and use the second battery charging constraint to minimize the battery aging attenuation as the objective function to optimize the second current charging strategy to obtain a target current charging strategy; a battery charging module 1006 is used to charge the battery based on the target current charging strategy.

[0122] In some optional embodiments, the first charging strategy determination module 1002 includes: a mileage value acquisition unit, used to obtain the target mileage value input by the user; an expected charging amount calculation unit, used to calculate the expected charging amount based on the target mileage value, the vehicle's energy consumption per 100 kilometers, and the correction factors of the vehicle's energy efficiency, load, and air conditioning on the total power.

[0123] In some optional embodiments, the first charging strategy determination module 1002 includes: a first power division unit, used to divide the expected charging amount into multiple sub-power segments, and randomly set the initial current value for each sub-power segment to form a first current charging strategy, wherein the current values corresponding to all sub-power segments are not exactly the same; or, a second power division unit, used to determine the second current charging strategy based on the expected charging amount, including: dividing the expected charging amount into multiple sub-power segments, and randomly setting the initial current value for each sub-power segment to form a second current charging strategy, wherein the current values corresponding to all sub-power segments are not exactly the same.

[0124] In some optional embodiments, the charging time determination module 1003 includes: a parameter acquisition unit, used to obtain the current constraint value of the current vehicle power battery and the maximum allowable charging current at the charging pile end; a charging constraint establishment unit, used to set the current value of each sub-segment not greater than the current constraint value and the maximum allowable charging current, the battery temperature during the charging process not greater than the upper temperature limit of the battery operation, and the cumulative charging amount at the end of charging not less than the expected charging amount, as the first battery charging constraint.

[0125] In some optional embodiments, before determining the second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging amount, the battery charging device also includes: a power reduction unit, which is used to feed back the target charging time to the user so that the user can reduce the expected charging amount based on the target charging time; a time determination unit, which is used to receive the user's reduced expected charging amount and return to the step of determining the first current charging strategy based on the expected charging amount until the user feedback shows that the target charging time meets the actual needs.

[0126] In some optional embodiments, before determining the second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging amount, the battery charging device also includes: a time extension unit, which is used to feed back the target charging time to the user and receive a first charging time fed back by the user, where the first charging time is greater than the target charging time; a charging strategy determination module, which is used to update the target charging time to the first charging time, and then execute the step of determining the second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charging amount.

[0127] In some optional embodiments, the target charging strategy determination module 1005 includes: a parameter acquisition unit, used to obtain the current constraint value of the current vehicle power battery and the maximum allowable charging current at the charging pile end; a charging constraint establishment unit, used to set the current value of each sub-segment not greater than the current constraint value and the maximum allowable charging current, the battery temperature during the charging process not greater than the upper temperature limit of the battery operation, the cumulative charging amount at the end of charging not less than the expected charging amount, and the total charging time not greater than the target charging time, as the second battery charging constraint.

[0128] In some optional embodiments, the model building module 1001 includes: a characteristic curve acquisition unit, used to obtain a charge and discharge characteristic curve of the battery, and determine multiple different state of charge points based on the charge and discharge characteristic curve; a corresponding relationship acquisition unit, used to perform a static test at each state of charge point to establish a corresponding relationship between the open circuit voltage and the state of charge; an electrical model establishment unit, used to identify electrochemical characteristic parameters in a preset battery equivalent circuit model based on the charge and discharge characteristic curve of the battery, and obtain an electrical model, where the electrical model is used to simulate the relationship between current, open circuit voltage and state of charge; a thermal model establishment unit, used to construct a thermal model that includes battery heat generation, heat exchange between the battery thermal management system and the environment, and is used to simulate the relationship between current, electrochemical characteristic parameters and battery temperature, as well as the relationship between battery temperature, state of charge and charging rate value; an aging model establishment unit, used to construct an aging model for battery capacity decay, and is used to simulate the relationship between charging rate value, charging current, state of charge, battery temperature and charging time on battery capacity decay; and a model coupling unit, used to couple the electrical model, thermal model and aging model to obtain an electrical-thermal-aging coupling model.

[0129] The further functional description of each of the above modules and units is the same as that of the above corresponding embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0130] The battery charging device in this embodiment is presented in the form of a functional unit, where the unit refers to an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) circuit, a processor and memory that executes one or more software or fixed programs, and / or other devices that can provide the above functions.

[0131] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a controller having the above Figure 10 Battery charging device shown.

[0132] See also Figure 11 , Figure 11 : is a schematic diagram of the structure of a controller provided by an optional embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 11 As shown, the controller includes: one or more processors 10, a memory 20, and interfaces for connecting various components, including high-speed interfaces and low-speed interfaces. The various components utilize different buses to communicate with each other and can be installed on a common mainboard or installed in other ways as needed. The processor can process instructions executed in the controller, including instructions stored in or on the memory to display graphical information of a GUI on an external input / output device (such as a display device coupled to the interface). In some optional embodiments, if necessary, multiple processors and / or multiple buses can be used together with multiple memories and multiple memories. Similarly, multiple controllers can be connected, and each device provides some necessary operations (for example, as a server array, a group of blade servers, or a multi-processor system). Figure 11 A processor 10 is taken as an example.

[0133] The processor 10 may be a central processing unit, a network processor, or a combination thereof. The processor 10 may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit, a programmable logic device, or a combination thereof. The programmable logic device may be a complex programmable logic device, a field programmable gate array, a general purpose array logic, or any combination thereof.

[0134] The memory 20 stores instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 10, so as to enable at least one processor 10 to execute the method shown in the above embodiment.

[0135] The memory 20 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store an operating system and application programs required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created according to the use of the controller, etc. In addition, the memory 20 may include a high-speed random access memory, and may also include a non-transient memory, such as at least one disk storage device, a flash memory device, or other non-transient solid-state storage device. In some optional embodiments, the memory 20 may optionally include a memory remotely located relative to the processor 10, and these remote memories may be connected to the controller via a network. Examples of the above-mentioned network include, but are not limited to, the Internet, an intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0136] The memory 20 may include a volatile memory, such as a random access memory; the memory may also include a non-volatile memory, such as a flash memory, a hard disk or a solid-state drive; the memory 20 may also include a combination of the above types of memory.

[0137] The controller also includes an input device 30 and an output device 40. The processor 10, the memory 20, the input device 30 and the output device 40 can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 11 The bus connection is taken as an example.

[0138] The input device 30 can receive input digital or character information and generate key signal input related to user settings and function control of the controller. Examples include a touch screen, keypad, mouse, trackpad, touchpad, pointer, one or more mouse buttons, trackball, joystick, etc. The output device 40 can include a display device, auxiliary lighting devices (e.g., LEDs), and tactile feedback devices (e.g., vibration motors). Such display devices include, but are not limited to, liquid crystal displays, light emitting diodes, monitors, and plasma displays. In some optional embodiments, the display device can be a touch screen.

[0139] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The above-mentioned method according to the embodiment of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, firmware, or implemented as a computer code that can be recorded in a storage medium, or implemented as a computer code that is originally stored in a remote storage medium or a non-temporary machine-readable storage medium and downloaded through a network and will be stored in a local storage medium, so that the method described herein can be stored in such software processing on a storage medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware. Among them, the storage medium can be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only storage memory, a random access memory, a flash memory, a hard disk or a solid-state drive, etc.; further, the storage medium can also include a combination of the above-mentioned types of memory. It can be understood that a computer, a processor, a microprocessor controller or programmable hardware includes a storage component that can store or receive software or computer code. When the software or computer code is accessed and executed by a computer, a processor or hardware, the method shown in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0140] A portion of the present invention may be applied as a computer program product, such as a computer program instruction, which, when executed by a computer, can call or provide the method and / or technical solution according to the present invention through the operation of the computer. Those skilled in the art should understand that the form in which the computer program instruction exists in a computer-readable medium includes, but is not limited to, a source file, an executable file, an installation package file, etc. Accordingly, the way in which the computer program instruction is executed by the computer includes, but is not limited to: the computer directly executes the instruction, or the computer compiles the instruction and then executes the corresponding compiled program, or the computer reads and executes the instruction, or the computer reads and installs the instruction and then executes the corresponding installed program. Here, the computer-readable medium may be any available computer-readable storage medium or communication medium that can be accessed by the computer.

[0141] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such modifications and variations are all within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery charging method, characterized in that: The method comprises: Constructing a battery electro-thermal-aging coupling model, wherein the electro-thermal-aging coupling model is used to simulate the relationship between the battery's charging current, charging time, and battery aging attenuation; receiving an expected charge amount submitted by a user based on actual demand, and determining a first current charging strategy based on the expected charge amount; establishing a first battery charging constraint based on battery temperature, charging current, and charge capacity, inputting the first current charging strategy into the electrical-thermal-aging coupling model, and optimizing the first current charging strategy using the first battery charging constraint with minimizing charging time as an objective function to obtain a target charging time; Determining a second current charging strategy based on the target charging time and the expected charge amount; establishing a second battery charging constraint based on battery temperature, charging current, charging capacity, and charging duration, inputting the second current charging strategy into the electrical-thermal-aging coupling model, and optimizing the second current charging strategy using the second battery charging constraint with minimizing battery aging attenuation as an objective function to obtain a target current charging strategy; The battery is charged based on the target current charging strategy.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The receiving the expected charging amount submitted by the user based on actual demand includes: Get the target mileage value entered by the user; The expected charge capacity is calculated based on the target mileage value, the vehicle's energy consumption per 100 kilometers, and the correction factors of the vehicle's energy efficiency, load, and air conditioning on the total charge capacity.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining a first current charging strategy based on the expected charge amount includes: Dividing the desired charge capacity into a plurality of sub-segments, and randomly setting an initial current value for each sub-segment to form a first current charging strategy, wherein the current values corresponding to all sub-segments are not exactly the same; or, Based on the expected charge amount, a second current charging strategy is determined, including: dividing the expected charge amount into multiple sub-segments, and randomly setting an initial current value for each sub-segment to form a second current charging strategy, wherein the current values corresponding to all sub-segments are not exactly the same.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The establishing of the first battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, the charging current, and the charging amount includes: Obtain the current constraint value of the vehicle's power battery and the maximum allowable charging current at the charging pile end; The first battery charging constraint is that the current value of each sub-segment is not greater than the current constraint value and the maximum allowable charging current, the battery temperature during the charging process is not greater than the upper temperature limit of the battery operation, and the cumulative charge amount at the end of charging is not less than the expected charge amount.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein Before determining the second current charging strategy based on the target charging duration and the expected charge amount, the method further includes: Feedback the target charging time to the user, so that the user can reduce the expected charging amount based on the target charging time; Receive the user's reduced expected charging amount, and return to the step of determining the first current charging strategy based on the expected charging amount, until the user feedback indicates that the target charging time meets actual needs.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before determining the second current charging strategy based on the target charging duration and the expected charge amount, the method further includes: Feedback the target charging time to the user, and receive a first charging time fed back by the user, where the first charging time is greater than the target charging time; After the target charging duration is updated to the first charging duration, a step of determining a second current charging strategy based on the target charging duration and the expected charge amount is performed.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The establishing of the second battery charging constraint based on the battery temperature, charging current, charging amount, and charging time includes: Obtain the current constraint value of the vehicle's power battery and the maximum allowable charging current at the charging pile end; The second battery charging constraint is that the current value of each sub-segment is not greater than the current constraint value and the maximum allowable charging current, the battery temperature during the charging process is not greater than the upper temperature limit of the battery operation, the cumulative charge amount at the end of charging is not less than the expected charge amount, and the total charging time is not greater than the target charging time.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The construction of the battery electric-thermal-aging coupling model includes: Obtaining a charge and discharge characteristic curve of the battery, and determining a plurality of different state of charge points based on the charge and discharge characteristic curve; Perform static tests at each state of charge point to establish the corresponding relationship between open circuit voltage and state of charge; Based on the charge and discharge characteristic curve of the battery, identifying electrochemical characteristic parameters in a preset battery equivalent circuit model to obtain an electrical model, wherein the electrical model is used to simulate the relationship between current, open circuit voltage and state of charge; Build a thermal model that includes battery heat generation, heat exchange between the battery thermal management system and the environment to simulate the relationship between current, electrochemical characteristic parameters and battery temperature, as well as the relationship between battery temperature, state of charge and charge rate value; Construct an aging model for battery capacity decay to simulate the relationship between charge rate, charging current, state of charge, battery temperature, and charging time on battery capacity decay; The electrical model, thermal model and aging model are coupled to obtain an electrical-thermal-aging coupled model.

9. A battery charging device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A model building module is used to build an electric-thermal-aging coupling model of the battery, wherein the electric-thermal-aging coupling model is used to simulate the relationship between the battery's charging current, charging time, and battery aging attenuation; A first charging strategy determination module is configured to receive an expected charging amount submitted by a user based on actual demand, and determine a first current charging strategy based on the expected charging amount; a charging duration determination module, configured to establish a first battery charging constraint based on battery temperature, charging current, and charge capacity, input the first current charging strategy into the electrical-thermal-aging coupling model, and optimize the first current charging strategy using the first battery charging constraint with minimizing charging duration as an objective function to obtain a target charging duration; a second charging strategy determination module, configured to determine a second current charging strategy based on the target charging duration and the expected charging amount; a target charging strategy determination module, configured to establish a second battery charging constraint based on battery temperature, charging current, charging capacity, and charging duration, input the second current charging strategy into the electrical-thermal-aging coupling model, and optimize the second current charging strategy using the second battery charging constraint with minimizing battery aging attenuation as an objective function to obtain a target current charging strategy; The battery charging module is configured to charge the battery based on the target current charging strategy.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle includes a controller, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory and the processor are communicatively connected to each other. The memory stores computer instructions. The processor executes the battery charging method according to any one of claims 1 to 8 by executing the computer instructions.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the battery charging method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

12. A computer program product, characterized in that The method comprises computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the battery charging method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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