Epoxy resin composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an epoxy resin composite material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of high polymer materials. The preparation method of the epoxy resin composite material comprises the following steps: mixing isophorone diisocyanate and glutaric dihydrazide, and reacting to obtain a first intermediate; mixing the first intermediate with polyether amine, and reacting to obtain an oligomer curing agent with a primary amino group as a terminal group; and mixing the oligomer curing agent with the epoxy resin matrix and the modified basalt fiber, and curing to obtain the epoxy resin composite material, wherein the surface of the modified basalt fiber has an epoxy group. The epoxy resin composite material prepared by the preparation method is high in strength and toughness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of polymer materials, and particularly to an epoxy resin composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Basalt fiber has mechanical properties superior to those of glass fiber and a price far lower than that of carbon fiber. At the same time, compared with other fiber fillers for reinforcement, basalt fiber also has advantages such as extremely low water absorption rate, excellent acid and alkali corrosion resistance, and high-temperature chemical stability, and thus has gradually become an ideal material for manufacturing various composite materials.

[0003] Epoxy resin is widely used in the fields of aerospace, electronic packaging, and energy equipment due to its excellent mechanical properties, high-temperature stability, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, due to the inherent brittleness of the epoxy resin matrix and the weak interfacial bonding performance between basalt fiber and the epoxy resin matrix, basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy resin is prone to structural defects, significantly reducing the overall mechanical properties and impact resistance of the composite material, and severely limiting its wider practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides an epoxy resin composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the epoxy resin composite material has high strength and toughness.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a preparation method of an epoxy resin composite material, including the following steps:

[0006] Mix isophorone diisocyanate and oxalyl dihydrazide, and react to obtain a first intermediate;

[0007] Mix the first intermediate with polyetheramine, and react to obtain an oligomer curing agent with a primary amino group at the end; and

[0008] Mix the oligomer curing agent with an epoxy resin matrix and modified basalt fiber, and cure to obtain an epoxy resin composite material; wherein, the surface of the modified basalt fiber has epoxy groups.

[0009] Optionally, in some embodiments of this application, the molar ratio value of isophorone diisocyanate to oxalyl dihydrazide is 2 - 2.1; and / or

[0010] The reaction to obtain the first intermediate is carried out under the temperature condition of -5 to 5°C; and / or

[0011] The reaction time to obtain the first intermediate is 5 - 8 h; and / or

[0012] The reaction to obtain the first intermediate is carried out under a protective gas condition.

[0013] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, isophorone diisocyanate and oxalyl dihydrazide are mixed in a first solvent, and the first solvent is selected from one or more of tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0014] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the molar ratio of polyetheramine to oxalyl dihydrazide is 2 to 2.1; and / or

[0015] The reaction to obtain the oligomer curing agent is carried out under the condition of 20 to 30 °C; and / or

[0016] The time for the reaction to obtain the oligomer curing agent is 2 to 4 h.

[0017] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the molecular formula of polyetheramine is , where m is an integer from 2 to 10.

[0018] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, mixing the oligomer curing agent with the epoxy resin matrix and the modified basalt fiber includes:

[0019] Providing an epoxy resin matrix;

[0020] Dissolving the epoxy resin matrix in a second solvent to obtain a first dispersion;

[0021] Mixing the first dispersion with the modified basalt fiber to obtain a second dispersion; and

[0022] Mixing the second dispersion with the oligomer curing agent and curing to obtain an epoxy resin composite material.

[0023] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the epoxy resin matrix to the oligomer curing agent is (15 to 25):(3 to 5); and / or

[0024] The mass ratio of the epoxy resin matrix to the modified basalt fiber is 100:5 to 10.

[0025] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, the second solvent is selected from one or more of tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0026] Optionally, in some embodiments of the present application, dissolving the epoxy resin matrix in the second solvent is carried out under the condition of 60 to 90 °C; and / or

[0027] Curing to obtain the epoxy resin composite material is carried out under the condition of 60 to 100 °C.

[0028] In a second aspect, the present application further provides an epoxy resin composite material, and the epoxy resin composite material is prepared by the above preparation method.

[0029] The epoxy resin composite provided by this application uses basalt fibers with epoxy groups on the surface, and synthesizes an oligomer with a diamino end group and a six-fold hydrogen bond in the middle chain segment using polyetheramine, diisocyanate, and oxalyl dihydrazide. This oligomer is used as a curing agent to form a covalent network between the epoxy resin and the basalt fibers, enhancing their interfacial bonding. At the same time, the physical cross-linking network formed by multiple hydrogen bonds between the curing agent molecules can serve as sacrificial bonds to enhance and toughen the composite material. Therefore, the obtained epoxy resin composite has both high strength and high toughness. Description of the Drawings

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for preparing an epoxy resin composite provided by an embodiment of this application. Detailed Embodiments

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of this application. In addition, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain this application, and are not used to limit this application.

[0033] In this application, unless otherwise stated, the orientation terms such as "upper" and "lower" usually refer to the upper and lower in the actual use or working state of the device, specifically the drawing direction in the drawings; and "inner" and "outer" refer to the outline of the device. In addition, in the description of this application, the term "including" means "including but not limited to". The terms first, second, third, etc. are only used as labels and do not impose numerical requirements or establish an order.

[0034] In this application, "and / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Where A and B can be singular or plural.

[0035] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "One or several", "at least one (item) below" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, "at least one (item) of a, b, or c", or "at least one (item) of a, b, and c" can both represent: a, b, c, a - b (i.e., a and b), a - c, b - c, or a - b - c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple respectively.

[0036] Various embodiments of this application may exist in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is only for convenience and brevity, and should not be construed as a rigid limitation on the scope of this application; therefore, it should be considered that the range description has specifically disclosed all possible sub - ranges and single values within that range. For example, it should be considered that the range description from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub - ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., and single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, which applies regardless of the range. Additionally, whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it means including any cited number (fraction or integer) within the indicated range.

[0037] The structural formulas and molecular weights of some chemical reagents used in this application are described as follows:

[0038] γ - Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560): , molecular weight = 236.34;

[0039] Polyetheramine D - 400: , where m is an integer from 2 to 10;

[0040] Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI): , molecular weight = 222.32;

[0041] Oxalic dihydrazide: , molecular weight = 118.09.

[0042] The technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0043] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for preparing an epoxy resin composite material, including the following steps:

[0044] S01: Mix isophorone diisocyanate and oxalic dihydrazide, and react to obtain a first intermediate;

[0045] Specifically, in some embodiments, the molar ratio of isophorone diisocyanate to oxalyl dihydrazide can be 2 to 2.1, for example, it can be 2, 2.05, 2.1, or the range between any two of the above values, etc. When the molar amounts of isophorone diisocyanate and oxalyl dihydrazide are within the foregoing range, it can ensure that the first intermediate with the target structure is obtained in the reaction.

[0046] In some embodiments, the reaction to obtain the first intermediate can be carried out under the temperature condition of -5 to 5 °C, for example, it can be -5 °C, -4 °C, -3 °C, -2 °C, -1 °C, 0 °C, 1 °C, 2 °C, 3 °C, 4 °C, 5 °C, or the range between any two of the above values, etc. In some embodiments, the time for the reaction to obtain the first intermediate can be 5 to 8 h, for example, it can be 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, 8 h, or the range between any two of the above values, etc. When the reaction temperature and time are within the foregoing range, it can ensure that the reaction proceeds efficiently and fully.

[0047] In some embodiments, the reaction to obtain the first intermediate can be carried out under a protective gas condition. For example, it can be carried out under the protective gas conditions of nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, etc. In this way, the occurrence of side reactions can be reduced and the reaction efficiency can be ensured.

[0048] In some embodiments, isophorone diisocyanate and oxalyl dihydrazide are mixed and carried out in a first solvent, and the first solvent can be selected from one or more of tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0049] In some embodiments, the chemical reaction equation for the reaction of isophorone diisocyanate and oxalyl dihydrazide to obtain the first intermediate is as follows: 。

[0050] S02: Mix the first intermediate with polyetheramine and react to obtain a low molecular weight curing agent with a primary amino group at the end;

[0051] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of polyetheramine to oxalyl dihydrazide can be 2 to 2.1, for example, it can be 2, 2.05, 2.1, or the range between any two of the above values, etc.

[0052] In some embodiments, the reaction to obtain the low molecular weight curing agent can be carried out under the condition of 20 to 30 °C, for example, it can be 20 °C, 21 °C, 22 °C, 23 °C, 24 °C, 25 °C, 26 °C, 27 °C, 28 °C, 29 °C, 30 °C, or the range between any two of the above values, etc. The time for the reaction to obtain the low molecular weight curing agent can be 2 to 4 h, for example, it can be 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, or the range between any two of the above values, etc. When the reaction temperature and time are within the foregoing range, the reaction efficiency can be ensured and the reaction can proceed fully.

[0053] In some embodiments, the molecular formula of the polyetheramine is , where m is an integer from 2 to 10. Further, in some embodiments, the chemical formula of the oligomer curing agent is: , where m is an integer from 2 to 10.

[0054] S03: Mix the oligomer curing agent with the epoxy resin matrix and the modified basalt fiber, and cure to obtain an epoxy resin composite; wherein, the surface of the modified basalt fiber has epoxy groups.

[0055] In some embodiments, mixing the oligomer curing agent with the epoxy resin matrix and the modified basalt fiber includes:

[0056] S031: Provide an epoxy resin matrix;

[0057] S032: Dissolve the epoxy resin matrix in a second solvent to obtain a first dispersion;

[0058] S033: Mix the first dispersion with the modified basalt fiber to obtain a second dispersion; and

[0059] S034: Mix the second dispersion with the oligomer curing agent and cure to obtain an epoxy resin composite.

[0060] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the epoxy resin matrix to the oligomer curing agent can be (15 - 25):(3 - 5). It should be noted that since the number-average molecular weight of commercial polyetheramine is usually in a range, it is difficult to determine the exact molecular weight of the oligomer curing agent. The inventors of the present application have found that when the mass ratio of the epoxy resin matrix to the oligomer curing agent is within the foregoing range, the curing effect is better. Preferably, the mass ratio of the epoxy resin matrix to the oligomer curing agent can be (19 - 20):(3 - 5).

[0061] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the epoxy resin matrix to the modified basalt fiber can be 100:5 - 10.

[0062] In some embodiments, the second solvent can be selected from one or more of tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0063] In some embodiments, dissolving the epoxy resin matrix in the second solvent is carried out at 60 - 90 °C, for example, it can be 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C, 75 °C, 80 °C, 85 °C, 90 °C or the range between any two of the above values, etc. Curing to obtain the epoxy resin composite material can be carried out at 60 - 100 °C, for example, it can be 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C, 75 °C, 80 °C, 85 °C, 90 °C, 95 °C, 100 °C or the range between any two of the above values, etc.

[0064] In a second aspect, the present application also provides an epoxy resin composite material, which is prepared by the above preparation method.

[0065] The following specifically illustrates the present application through specific examples. The following examples are only partial examples of the present application and do not limit the present application.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] This example provides an epoxy resin composite material and its preparation method. Among them, the preparation method of the epoxy resin composite material includes the following steps:

[0068] S01: Weigh 4.5 g of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI, 0.02 mol) and 50 g of anhydrous THF and add them to a 250 ml three-necked flask. Start stirring to make them mix evenly. Pass in flowing nitrogen for protection. Dissolve 1.18 g of oxalyl dihydrazide (0.01 mol) in 30 g of THF. Under ice bath conditions, add it dropwise to the three-necked flask through a constant pressure funnel. Due to the obvious activity difference between the two isocyanate groups of IPDI, after reacting for 6 h, an intermediate product of IPDI-capped oxalyl dihydrazide is obtained;

[0069] S02: Under ice bath conditions, add 8 g of polyetheramine D-400 (0.02 mol) to the solution obtained in step 2, stir and mix evenly, pass in flowing nitrogen for protection, react at room temperature for 3 h, and completely remove the THF in the reaction by rotary evaporation to obtain a light yellow viscous liquid, which is a curing agent with a primary amino group at the end;

[0070] S03: Take 19.5 g of bisphenol A high molecular weight solid epoxy resin E-03 (Nanya NPES-909, epoxy content 0.0057 mol, purchased from Qingyuan Yuhao Trading Co., Ltd.) and 100 g of anhydrous DMF and add them to a 250 ml beaker. Heat at 80 °C and start mechanical stirring until the epoxy resin is completely dissolved. Add 0.5 g of modified basalt fiber and continue stirring for half an hour to ensure uniform dispersion of the fiber. Then add 3.9 g of the oligomer curing agent prepared in step S02 at room temperature. After stirring for 10 min, pour the resulting slurry into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold and place it in a vacuum oven for curing. Under vacuum conditions, cure at 80 °C for 24 h to remove the residual DMF and obtain a spline for subsequent mechanical property testing.

[0071] Among them, the preparation method of the modified basalt fiber is as follows:

[0072] Take 100 g of chopped basalt fiber (6 mm, purchased from Lingshou Nanyu Mineral Products Processing Factory), and conduct DBD atmospheric low-temperature plasma surface modification treatment in batches. Use a CTP-2000K type dielectric barrier discharge experimental device (purchased from Nanjing Suman Plasma Technology Co., Ltd.). The specific process parameters are: power density 60 W / cm2, frequency 50 kHz, gas is an Ar / O2 mixed gas (volume ratio 1:1), gas flow rate 1 L / min, treatment time 180 s, treatment temperature 25 °C. Prepare 100 g of a 2 wt% silane coupling agent KH-560 / THF solution, put 100 g of the basalt fiber after plasma surface modification treatment into it, and ensure uniform mixing by mechanical stirring. After reacting at room temperature for 40 min, perform suction filtration. Put the solid into a blast drying oven and dry at 80 °C for 3 h to remove the residual THF, and obtain the modified basalt fiber with epoxy groups on the surface.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] This example provides an epoxy resin composite material and its preparation method. The preparation method is basically the same as the preparation method provided in Example 1, except that step S03 is replaced with: Take 19 g of bisphenol A high molecular weight solid epoxy resin E-03 (Nanya NPES-909, epoxy content 0.0057 mol, purchased from Qingyuan Yuhao Trading Co., Ltd.) and 100 g of anhydrous DMF and add them to a 250 ml beaker. Heat at 80 °C and start mechanical stirring until the epoxy resin is completely dissolved. Add 1 g of modified basalt fiber and continue stirring for half an hour to ensure uniform dispersion of the fiber. Then add 3.9 g of the oligomer curing agent prepared in step S02 at room temperature. After stirring for 10 min, pour the resulting slurry into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold and place it in a vacuum oven for curing. Under vacuum conditions, cure at 80 °C for 24 h to remove the residual DMF and obtain a spline for subsequent mechanical property testing.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] This example provides an epoxy resin composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is basically the same as the preparation method provided in Example 1, except that step S03 is replaced with: adding 18.5 g of bisphenol A high molecular weight solid epoxy resin E-03 (Nanya NPES-909, epoxy content 0.00555 mol, purchased from Qingyuan Yuhao Trading Co., Ltd.) and 100 g of anhydrous DMF into a 250 ml beaker, heating at 80 °C and starting mechanical stirring until the epoxy resin is completely dissolved, adding 1.5 g of modified basalt fiber, continuing to stir for half an hour to ensure uniform dispersion of the fiber, then adding 3.9 g of the oligomer curing agent prepared in step S02 at room temperature; after stirring for 10 min, pouring the obtained slurry into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, placing it in a vacuum oven for curing and forming, curing at 80 °C for 24 h under vacuum conditions to remove the residual DMF, obtaining a test bar for subsequent mechanical property tests.

[0077] Example 4

[0078] This example provides an epoxy resin composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is basically the same as the preparation method provided in Example 1, except that step S03 is replaced with: adding 18 g of bisphenol A high molecular weight solid epoxy resin E-03 (Nanya NPES-909, epoxy content 0.0054 mol, purchased from Qingyuan Yuhao Trading Co., Ltd.) and 100 g of anhydrous DMF into a 250 ml beaker, heating at 80 °C and starting mechanical stirring until the epoxy resin is completely dissolved, adding 2 g of modified basalt fiber (epoxy content 0.00016 mol), continuing to stir for half an hour to ensure uniform dispersion of the fiber, then adding 3.8 g of the oligomer curing agent prepared in step S02 at room temperature; after stirring for 10 min, pouring the obtained slurry into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold, placing it in a vacuum oven for curing and forming, curing at 80 °C for 24 h under vacuum conditions to remove the residual DMF, obtaining a test bar for subsequent mechanical property tests.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] This comparative example provides an epoxy resin composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0081] Add 19 g of bisphenol A high molecular weight solid epoxy resin E-03 (Nanya NPES-909, epoxy content 0.0057 mol, purchased from Qingyuan Yuhao Trading Co., Ltd.) and 100 g of anhydrous DMF into a 250 ml beaker. Heat at 80 °C and start mechanical stirring until the epoxy resin is completely dissolved. Add 1 g of untreated basalt fiber and continue stirring for half an hour to ensure uniform dispersion of the fibers. Then add 1.1 g of polyetheramine D-400 at room temperature. After stirring for 10 min, pour the resulting slurry into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold and place it in a vacuum oven for curing. Under vacuum conditions, cure at 80 °C for 24 h to remove the residual DMF and obtain a test bar for subsequent mechanical property tests.

[0082] Comparative Example 2

[0083] This comparative example provides an epoxy resin composite material and its preparation method. The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0084] Add 18 g of bisphenol A high molecular weight solid epoxy resin E-03 (Nanya NPES-909, epoxy content 0.0054 mol, purchased from Qingyuan Yuhao Trading Co., Ltd.) and 100 g of anhydrous DMF into a 250 ml beaker. Heat at 80 °C and start mechanical stirring until the epoxy resin is completely dissolved. Add 2 g of untreated basalt fiber and continue stirring for half an hour to ensure uniform dispersion of the fibers. Then add 1.1 g of polyetheramine D-400 at room temperature. After stirring for 10 min, pour the resulting slurry into a polytetrafluoroethylene mold and place it in a vacuum oven for curing. Under vacuum conditions, cure at 80 °C for 24 h to remove the residual DMF and obtain a test bar for subsequent mechanical property tests.

[0085] Conduct mechanical property tests on the epoxy resin composites in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2. Among them, the tensile strength test is carried out in accordance with Standard GB / T 2567-2008; the flexural strength test is carried out in accordance with Standard ISO 178:2001, and the cantilever beam notched impact test at 23 °C is carried out in accordance with Standard GB / T 1843-2008. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0086] Table 1: Example Tensile strength (MPa) Flexural strength (MPa) <![CDATA[Notched impact strength (KJ / m 2 ).]]> Example 1 33.5 51.7 39.3 Example 2 48.4 73.5 35.9 Example 3 64.6 97.2 31.5 Example 4 73.7 116.3 26.4 Comparative example 1 36.8 58.2 22.1 Comparative example 2 45.3 84.7 15.6 。

[0087] As can be seen from the above table, by subjecting the surface of basalt fibers to epoxy functionalization and then curing with diamine, a covalent bond is formed between the epoxy resin matrix and the basalt fibers. The resulting composite material has more excellent mechanical properties. For example, when comparing the mechanical property data of Example 1 (fiber addition amount is 2.5 wt%) with that of Comparative Example 1 (fiber addition amount is 5 wt%), the tensile strength and flexural strength of Example 1 are slightly lower than those of Comparative Example 1, but the notched impact strength is far superior to that of Comparative Example 1. In addition, the six-fold hydrogen bond interaction formed between the curing agent molecules can act as a "sacrificial bond" to efficiently toughen the composite material, and the notched impact strength of the examples is far superior to that of the comparative examples. Therefore, the epoxy resin composite material reported in the present invention combines high strength and high toughness.

[0088] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have been introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principle and implementation manner of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an epoxy resin composite material, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Mix isophorone diisocyanate with oxalyl dihydrazide and react to obtain a first intermediate; Mix the first intermediate with polyetheramine and react to obtain an oligomer curing agent with a primary amino group at the end; and Mix the oligomer curing agent with an epoxy resin matrix and modified basalt fibers, and cure to obtain the epoxy resin composite material; wherein, the surface of the modified basalt fibers has epoxy groups.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio value of the isophorone diisocyanate to the oxalyl dihydrazide is 2 to 2.1; and / or the reaction to obtain the first intermediate is carried out under the temperature condition of -5 to 5°C; and / or the time for the reaction to obtain the first intermediate is 5 to 8 h; and / or the reaction to obtain the first intermediate is carried out under a protective gas condition.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein mixing the isophorone diisocyanate with the oxalyl dihydrazide is carried out in a first solvent, and the first solvent is selected from one or more of tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio value of the polyetheramine to the oxalyl dihydrazide is 2 to 2.1; and / or the reaction to obtain the oligomer curing agent is carried out under the condition of 20 to 30°C; and / or the time for the reaction to obtain the oligomer curing agent is 2 to 4 h.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein The molecular formula of the polyetheramine is , where m is an integer from 2 to 10.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein mixing the oligomer curing agent with the epoxy resin matrix and the modified basalt fibers includes: providing an epoxy resin matrix; dissolving the epoxy resin matrix in a second solvent to obtain a first dispersion; mixing the first dispersion with the modified basalt fibers to obtain a second dispersion; and mixing the second dispersion with the oligomer curing agent and curing to obtain the epoxy resin composite material.

7. The preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the mass ratio of the epoxy resin matrix to the oligomer curing agent is (15 to 25):(3 to 5); and / or the mass ratio of the epoxy resin matrix to the modified basalt fibers is 100:0.5 to 10.

8. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the second solvent is selected from one or more of tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

9. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein dissolving the epoxy resin matrix in the second solvent is carried out under the condition of 60 to 90°C; and / or curing to obtain the epoxy resin composite material is carried out under the condition of 60 to 100°C.

10. Epoxy resin composite material, characterized in that, The epoxy resin composite material is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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