Building comprehensive flexibility potential quantification method considering dynamic priority

Abstract

The invention provides a building comprehensive flexible potential quantification method considering dynamic priority, and belongs to the technical field of building demand response and flexible energy consumption. The method comprises the following steps: inputting each flexible resource time window and working time, analyzing a relationship between a demand response interval and each flexible resource time window and working time, and determining a flexible resource type which can participate in adjustment; a priority evaluation index is constructed from five dimensions of the flexibility amount, the energy consumption income, the indoor thermal comfort, the indoor light environment and the flexibility change rate; calculating the weight by using an entropy method, and determining the priority of each flexible resource based on a TOPSIS algorithm; and according to the priority order, accumulating the flexibility quantity, comparing the baseline load with the power grid adjustment instruction in real time, and realizing positive and negative comprehensive flexibility potential quantification. The method can accurately quantify the comprehensive flexibility potential of the building, provides a basis for resource scheduling and strategy making, and enhances the economy, balance and reliability of a power system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building demand response and flexible energy utilization, and in particular to a method for quantifying the comprehensive flexible potential of a building considering dynamic priorities. Background Art

[0002] The growth of renewable energy capacity provides new opportunities to address the global energy crisis and increasing energy demand. However, compared with traditional energy sources, renewable energy exhibits inherent randomness, volatility, and intermittency, posing significant challenges to the planning, design, and operation of the power grid. Evidently, enhancing the flexibility of the power system is crucial for maintaining the economy, balance, and reliability of the power grid. Compared with the energy supply side, there is a large proportion of flexible loads on the energy demand side. Flexible loads on the demand side have the ability to actively participate in grid regulation, can address the uncertainties associated with renewable energy generation, and can help the grid achieve stable and secure operation. As a major electricity consumer in the power grid, buildings have great potential for flexible regulation of the power system. Various building energy systems can participate in demand response (DR) through different strategies. Effectively utilizing building energy flexibility is not only crucial for grid balance but also can bring economic benefits to building users. There are multiple flexible resources in building energy systems, mainly including passive thermal energy storage (PTES) with building heat storage, active thermal energy storage devices (ATES) such as water tanks and phase change heat storage devices, active electricity energy storage devices (AEES) such as batteries or electric vehicles in buildings, and adjustable electrical devices such as lighting systems and appliances in buildings. By regulating multiple flexible resources, buildings can flexibly adjust their energy consumption curves, thereby providing dynamic response capabilities to the power grid, achieving peak load shifting, and bringing economic benefits. However, multiple flexible loads are affected by multiple factors, and their application scenarios and operating conditions are complex, resulting in difficulty in accurately quantifying their flexible regulation potential. Under the combined action of multiple factors such as the building environment, user habits, meteorological conditions, and DR signals, there are significant differences in the flexible potential of different types of flexible loads, and there are complex relationships of mutual coupling and transformation between different flexible loads. As a result, it is difficult to accurately quantify the comprehensive flexible potential under the utilization of different flexible loads, leading to the difficulty in fully exploiting and utilizing the regulation potential of building multiple flexible loads. Evidently, accurately quantifying the comprehensive flexible potential of buildings is an important prerequisite for buildings to effectively participate in DR programs.

[0003] The existing research on quantifying the flexible potential of buildings mainly evaluates the potential response ability of buildings at multiple time scales through simulation or experimental research, with simulation research being dominant. In simulation research, it is mainly based on the established building and energy system simulation models to simulate different design schemes and control strategies. The quantification of flexible potential generally calculates the simulation data based on quantification indicators, or directly integrates the building flexible potential as a control target into the dynamic simulation and control process. In experimental research, it is mainly based on measured data to verify the flexible potential. In addition, some research quantifies the building flexible potential through data-driven methods based on sufficient flexible operation data. The existing research has made some progress in quantifying the building energy flexibility. However, there are still key unresolved issues in the existing research on quantifying the flexible potential of buildings. First, the existing flexible quantification methods based on simulation or experiment heavily rely on detailed simulation models or a large amount of experimental data, making it difficult for current methods to accurately quantify the flexible potential under different buildings, different scenarios, or different set parameters. Second, the existing comprehensive flexible quantification methods usually independently quantify different flexible resources and simply superimpose them, ignoring the mutual conversion relationship between different flexible loads and making it difficult to accurately reflect the comprehensive flexible potential of buildings. In addition, some research directly calculates the total flexible amount based on actual operation data, but cannot separately quantify the contributions of each flexible load, limiting the in-depth analysis of their characteristics. More importantly, the existing methods generally do not consider the priorities of different flexible loads. There are significant differences in the flexible demands during DR and the response capabilities of different flexible loads. The priorities of different flexible resource utilization will directly affect the comprehensive flexible potential of buildings, showing significant differences in flexible regulation. The flexible quantification methods that ignore priorities are difficult to support the optimal scheduling of flexible loads. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a method for quantifying the comprehensive flexible potential of buildings considering dynamic priorities. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for quantifying the comprehensive flexible potential of buildings considering dynamic priorities, which can accurately quantify the comprehensive flexible potential of buildings, provide a basis for resource scheduling and strategy formulation, and enhance the economy, balance, and reliability of the power system.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides a method for quantifying the comprehensive flexible potential of buildings considering dynamic priorities, including the following steps:

[0006] Step S1: Input the time windows and working hours of each flexible resource, analyze the relationship between the demand response interval and the time window, and identify the types of flexible resources that can participate in demand response regulation;

[0007] Step S2: Classify the identified types of flexible resources that can participate in demand response regulation into positive flexibility and negative flexibility according to the flexible direction. Starting from five dimensions: flexibility quantity, energy consumption benefit, indoor thermal comfort, indoor light environment, and flexibility change rate, construct a flexible resource priority evaluation index;

[0008] Step S3: Use the entropy method to calculate the weights of each evaluation index, and then calculate the closeness of each flexible resource to the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution based on the TOPSIS algorithm, so as to determine the priority of each flexible resource;

[0009] Step S4: Cumulatively sum the flexibility quantities of each flexible resource in turn according to the priority ranking, and compare with the baseline load Q base and the grid regulation command Q DR in real time;

[0010] The quantification of positive flexibility potential is as follows: If the cumulative value of the flexibility quantities of the first k types exceeds the baseline load or the grid regulation command, then use the baseline load or the grid regulation command as the building's comprehensive flexibility potential Q flexibility at the current moment. Otherwise, continue to accumulate until the sum of the flexibility quantities of all n + types of positive flexible resources is used as the building's comprehensive flexibility potential Q flexibility ;

[0011] The quantification of negative flexibility potential is as follows: If the cumulative value of the flexibility quantities of the first k types exceeds the baseline load or the grid regulation command, then use the baseline load or the grid regulation command as the building's comprehensive flexibility potential Q flexibility at the current moment. Otherwise, continue to accumulate until the sum of the flexibility quantities of all n - types of negative flexible resources is used as the building's comprehensive flexibility potential Q flexibility .

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the building adjustable flexible resource identification method is as follows:

[0013] During demand response, first, input the time window and working time of each flexible resource. Secondly, combine the demand response signal given by the grid or the time-of-use electricity price policy to determine the demand response interval in advance. Finally, analyze the relative relationship between the demand response interval and the time window and working time of each flexible resource. By judging the intersection between the demand response interval and each time window, identify the flexible resources whose time windows intersect with the demand response interval, which are the flexible resources adjustable during this time period.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the flexible resource priority evaluation index is as follows:

[0015] Flexibility quantity: It represents the flexibility quantity that each flexible resource can provide during the time period from time t to the next calculation moment;

[0016] Energy consumption benefit: It represents the amount of electricity cost savings or economic benefits brought about by the utilization of building flexibility.

[0017] For the flexibility of building heat storage bodies and active heat storage equipment, their energy benefit B fle,1 (t) is calculated according to formula (1):

[0018]

[0019] Among them, α(t) represents the real-time electricity price; β(t) represents the compensation benefit of the demand response plan; t represents the current flexibility calculation time; Q fle (t) represents the flexibility amount at time t; Q cha,the represents the energy consumption during the heat storage stage; C cha,the represents the energy consumption cost during the energy storage stage.

[0020] For the flexibility of active electricity storage equipment, their energy benefit B fle,2 (t) is calculated according to formula (2):

[0021]

[0022] Among them, Q rated represents the rated capacity of the electricity storage equipment; N AEES,max represents the maximum number of cycles of the electricity storage equipment; C AEES represents the purchase cost of the electricity storage equipment; Q cha,ele represents the energy consumption during the electricity storage stage.

[0023] For the flexibility of electrical equipment, their energy benefit B fle，3 (t) is calculated according to formula (3):

[0024] B fle，3 (t) = Q fle (t) · [α(t) + β(t)] - Q fle (t) · α sh (3);

[0025] Among them, α sh represents the electricity price during the time period after the transfer of the electrical equipment;

[0026] Indoor thermal comfort: It represents the degree of influence on indoor thermal comfort by using building flexibility and is calculated according to formula (4);

[0027]

[0028] Among them, T set,ini represents the initial indoor temperature set value; T set represents the adjusted indoor temperature set value during the demand response period; TC comf (t) represents the indoor thermal comfort influence index at time t; Tin (t) represents the indoor temperature at time t;

[0029] Indoor light environment: It represents the degree of influence of building flexibility on the indoor light environment of the building, and is calculated according to formula (5), which represents the ratio of the indoor light condition at time t to the optimal light condition:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, P on (t) represents the total power of the lighting equipment turned on; P total represents the total power of all lighting equipment; LE comf (t) represents the indoor light environment impact index at time t;

[0032] Flexibility change rate: It represents the change rate of the flexibility amount at time t, and is calculated according to formula (6):

[0033]

[0034] Among them, S fle (t) represents the change rate of the flexibility amount at time t; Δt represents the time period between time t and the next calculation time.

[0035] Preferably, in step S3, based on the TOPSIS algorithm, the closeness of each flexible resource to the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution is calculated, and then the priority of each flexible resource is determined, including the following steps:

[0036] Step S31: At time t, there are n types of flexible resources available for flexibility in the building, and the number of flexible resource priority evaluation indicators is denoted as m. An initial decision matrix X = (x ij ) n×m is generated based on the original data and normalized;

[0037]

[0038] Among them, represents the minimum value of the jth indicator; represents the maximum value of the jth indicator; x ij represents the value of the jth indicator of the ith flexible resource; z ij represents the value of the jth indicator of the ith flexible resource after normalization;

[0039] Step S32: Calculate the proportion of each data under each indicator in the total data, calculate the entropy value of the jth indicator according to formula (10), and determine the weight of each flexible resource priority evaluation indicator;

[0040]

[0041] Among them, a ij represents the proportion of the i-th type of flexible resource in the total data among the j-th indicators; e j represents the entropy value of the j-th indicator; represents the weight of the j-th indicator;

[0042] Step S33: Construct the positive ideal solution and negative ideal solution of the TOPSIS algorithm, and calculate the Euclidean distance between the i-th type of flexible resource and the positive ideal solution and the Euclidean distance from the negative ideal solution

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] Among them, represents the maximum value obtained among the flexible resources under the m-th indicator; a im represents the value of the m-th indicator of the i-th type of flexible resource; represents the minimum value obtained among the flexible resources under the m-th indicator;

[0046] Step S34: Calculate the similarity S i of the i-th type of flexible resource with the positive ideal solution, and sort all flexible resources according to the S i value to determine the scheduling priority of different flexible resources in the DR strategy;

[0047]

[0048] Preferably, in step S4, according to the priority sorting, the flexibility amounts of each flexible resource are accumulated in sequence, and compared with the baseline load Q base and the grid regulation instruction Q DR in real time. The specific operation is as follows:

[0049] The positive flexible potential is quantified as follows:

[0050] According to the priority sorting, the flexibility amounts of each positive flexible resource are accumulated in sequence to determine the total flexibility amount of the building at the current moment. When the building participates in the demand response plan, the accumulated flexibility amount is compared with the grid regulation instruction in real time. If the accumulated flexibility amount exceeds the grid regulation instruction or the baseline load, the grid regulation instruction or the baseline load is used as the comprehensive flexible potential at the current moment; if the accumulated flexibility amount is lower than the baseline load and the grid regulation instruction, continue to accumulate until the total flexibility amount of all positive flexible resources is used as the comprehensive flexible potential at the current moment. When the building does not participate in the demand response plan, the accumulated flexibility amount is compared with the baseline load in real time, and the baseline load is used as the upper limit of the comprehensive flexible potential at the current moment;

[0051] The negative flexible potential is quantified as follows:

[0052] The comprehensive flexible potential of negative flexible resources accumulates the flexible amounts of each negative flexible resource in sequence based on dynamic priorities. When the building participates in the demand response plan, the accumulated flexible amount is compared with the grid regulation instruction in real time. If the accumulated flexible amount exceeds the grid regulation instruction, the grid regulation instruction is taken as the comprehensive flexible potential at the current moment; if the accumulated flexible amount is lower than the grid regulation instruction, the flexible amount is continuously accumulated until the total flexible amount of all negative flexible resources is used as the comprehensive flexible potential at the current moment. When the building does not participate in the demand response plan, only the flexible amounts of all negative flexible resources need to be accumulated, and this is used as the comprehensive flexible potential at the current moment.

[0053] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above method for quantifying the comprehensive flexible potential of a building considering dynamic priorities, and the beneficial technical effects are as follows:

[0054] (1) It can accurately quantify the comprehensive flexible potential of a building under different scenarios and different flexible regulation requirements;

[0055] (2) It can dynamically determine the utilization priorities of each flexible resource;

[0056] (3) It can provide a scientific basis for the reasonable scheduling of building flexible resources;

[0057] (4) It can provide effective support for the formulation of building demand response strategies;

[0058] (5) It can quantify the comprehensive flexible potential of a building at different time scales. Description of the Drawings

[0059] Figure 1 is the development flow chart of the method for quantifying the comprehensive flexible potential of a building according to the present invention;

[0060] Figure 2 is the relative relationship diagram of the time window, working time and DR interval of the electrical equipment according to the present invention; among them, Figure 2 in (a) is relationship 1; Figure 2 in (b) is relationship 2; Figure 2 in (c) is relationship 3; Figure 2 in (d) is relationship 4;

[0061] Figure 3 is the comprehensive schematic diagram of the flexible resources of the case building according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 4 is the summer time-of-use electricity price curve diagram of a certain city according to the present invention;

[0063] Figure 5 is the comparison diagram of the flexible resource priority evaluation indexes according to the present invention; among them, Figure 5 in (a) is the flexible amount;Figure 5 In (b), it is the flexible change rate; Figure 5 In (c), it is the total revenue; Figure 5 In (d), it is the unit flexible revenue; Figure 5 In (e), it is the indoor thermal comfort; Figure 5 In (f), it is the indoor light environment;

[0064] Figure 6 It is the flexible resource priority sorting result diagram of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 7 It is the building comprehensive flexible potential quantification result diagram of the present invention; wherein, Figure 7 In (a), it is the flexible cooling load quantification result under high load conditions; Figure 7 In (b), it is the flexible cooling load quantification result under low load conditions; Figure 7 In (c), it is the flexible electrical load quantification result under high load conditions; Figure 7 In (d), it is the flexible electrical load quantification result under low load conditions;

[0066] Figure 8 It is the building comprehensive flexible potential quantification accuracy analysis diagram of the present invention; wherein, Figure 8 In (a), it is the high load condition; Figure 8 In (b), it is the low load condition. Specific implementation manners

[0067] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0068] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0069] Embodiment 1

[0070] As Figure 1 shown, it is the development flow chart of the building comprehensive flexible potential quantification method of the present invention, including the following steps:

[0071] Step S1: Input the time windows and working hours of each flexible resource, and analyze the relationship between the demand response interval and the time windows and working hours of each flexible resource according to the demand response mechanism or the time-of-use (ToU) electricity price policy, and identify the types of flexible resources that can participate in demand response regulation;

[0072] The building adjustable flexible resource identification method is as follows:

[0073] During demand response, first, clarify the basic information, working hours, and time windows for providing flexibility of each flexible resource. Second, combine the demand response signals or time-of-use electricity price policies given by the power grid to determine the demand response interval in advance. Finally, analyze the relative relationships between the demand response interval and the time windows and working hours of each flexible resource. By judging the intersections between the demand response interval and each time window, identify the flexible resources whose time windows intersect with the demand response interval, which are the flexible resources adjustable during this period.

[0074] For the flexibility of active thermal energy storage equipment or active electrical energy storage equipment, generally, energy is stored during the low electricity price period at night, and energy can be released within the DR interval during the day. The time window of this type of flexible resource is relatively long, and the time for providing flexibility can be flexibly adjusted completely according to the DR interval. For the flexibility of passive thermal energy storage bodies, mainly consider the impact of the utilization of flexibility on indoor thermal comfort. As long as the indoor thermal comfort of the building can accept a certain room temperature change threshold, the flexibility potential of the building's thermal energy storage body can be provided within any DR interval.

[0075] Compared with other flexible resources, electrical equipment has a relatively strict time window, and it is necessary to analyze the relationships between the time window l windonw , working hours l work , and DR interval l DR in stages. When l DR is all within l work , the building can utilize all the flexibility potential of the electrical equipment. When l DR has no intersection with l work and l work,shift , the building will not have the flexibility potential of electrical equipment. When l DR has an intersection with l work,shift , the electrical equipment can provide negative flexibility during the intersecting time period. When l DR has intersections with l work and l work,shift , the electrical equipment can provide positive flexibility during the intersecting time period between l DR and l work , and the electrical equipment can provide negative flexibility during the intersecting time period between l DR and l work,shift . The electrical equipment cannot provide flexibility during the intersecting time period among l DR , l work , and l work,shift ( Figure 2 ).

[0076] Step S2: Classify the types of flexible resources that can participate in demand response regulation into two types of flexibility, positive flexibility and negative flexibility, according to the flexibility direction. Starting from five dimensions: flexibility quantity, energy consumption benefit, indoor thermal comfort, indoor light environment, and flexibility change rate, construct a flexible resource priority evaluation index;

[0077] Flexibility quantity: It represents the flexibility quantity that each flexible resource can provide during the time period from time t to the next calculation time.

[0078] Energy consumption benefit: It represents the amount of electricity cost savings or economic benefits brought about by utilizing building flexibility.

[0079] For the flexibility of building heat storage bodies and active heat storage equipment, their energy benefit B fle,1 (t) is calculated according to formula (1):

[0080]

[0081] Among them, α(t) represents the real-time electricity price; β(t) represents the compensation benefit of the demand response plan; t represents the current flexible calculation time; Q fle (t) represents the flexibility quantity at time t; Q cha,the represents the energy consumption during the heat storage stage; C cha,the represents the energy consumption cost during the energy storage stage.

[0082] For the flexibility of active electricity storage equipment, its energy benefit B fle,2 (t) is calculated according to formula (2):

[0083]

[0084] Among them, Q rated represents the rated capacity of the electricity storage equipment; N AEES,max represents the maximum number of charge-discharge cycles of the electricity storage equipment; C AEES represents the purchase cost of the electricity storage equipment; Q cha,ele represents the energy consumption during the electricity storage stage.

[0085] For the flexibility of electrical equipment, its energy benefit B fle，3 (t) is calculated according to formula (3):

[0086] B fle，3 (t) = Q fle (t) · [α(t) + β(t)] - Q fle (t) · α sh (3);

[0087] Among them, α sh represents the electricity price during the time period after the transfer of the electrical equipment;

[0088] Indoor thermal comfort: It represents the influence degree of utilizing building flexibility on indoor thermal comfort and is calculated according to formula (4);

[0089]

[0090] Among them, Tset,ini represents the initial room temperature set value; T set represents the adjusted room temperature set value during demand response; TC comf T(t) represents the indoor thermal comfort impact index at time t; T in T(t) represents the indoor temperature at time t;

[0091] Indoor light environment: represents the degree of influence on the indoor light environment of a building by using building flexibility, and is calculated according to formula (5), which represents the ratio of the indoor lighting condition at time t to the optimal lighting condition:

[0092]

[0093] where, P on P(t) represents the total power of the lighting equipment turned on; P total represents the total power of all lighting equipment; LE comf T(t) represents the indoor light environment impact index at time t;

[0094] Flexibility change rate: represents the change rate of the flexibility amount at time t, and is calculated according to formula (6):

[0095]

[0096] where, S fle S(t) represents the change rate of the flexibility amount at time t; Δt represents the time period from time t to the next calculation time.

[0097] Step S3. Calculate the weights of each evaluation index using the entropy method, and then calculate the closeness of each flexible resource to the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution based on the TOPSIS algorithm, so as to determine the priority of each flexible resource;

[0098] Step S31. At time t, there are n types of flexible resources available in the building to provide flexibility, and the number of flexible resource priority evaluation indexes is denoted as m. Generate an initial decision matrix X = (x ij ) n×m , and perform normalization processing;

[0099]

[0100] where, represents the minimum value of the jth index; represents the maximum value of the jth index; x ij represents the value of the jth index of the ith flexible resource; z ij represents the value of the jth index of the ith flexible resource after normalization;

[0101] Step S32: Calculate the proportion of each data under each indicator in the total data, calculate the entropy value of the j-th indicator according to formula (10), and determine the weights of the evaluation indicators for the priority of each flexible resource;

[0102]

[0103]

[0104] where, a ij represents the proportion of the i-th flexible resource in the j-th indicator in the total data; e j represents the entropy value of the j-th indicator; represents the weight of the j-th indicator;

[0105] Step S33: Construct the positive ideal solution and negative ideal solution of the TOPSIS algorithm, and calculate the Euclidean distance between the i-th flexible resource and the positive ideal solution and the Euclidean distance from the negative ideal solution

[0106]

[0107] where, represents the maximum value obtained among the flexible resources under the m-th indicator; a im represents the value of the m-th indicator of the i-th flexible resource; represents the minimum value obtained among the flexible resources under the m-th indicator;

[0108] Step S34: Calculate the similarity S i of the i-th flexible resource and the positive ideal solution, and sort all flexible resources according to the S i value to determine the scheduling priority of different flexible resources in the DR strategy;

[0109]

[0110] Step S4: Cumulatively sum the flexibility of each flexible resource in turn according to the priority ranking, and compare it with the baseline load Q base and the grid regulation command Q DR in real time;

[0111] The positive flexible potential is quantified as: if the cumulative value of the first k types of flexibility exceeds the baseline load or the grid regulation command, then use the baseline load or the grid regulation command as the building comprehensive flexible potential Q flexibility at the current moment, otherwise continue to accumulate until the sum of the flexibility of all n + types of positive flexible resources is used as the building comprehensive flexible potential Q flexibility ;

[0112] Specifically, according to the priority ranking, the flexibility amounts of each positive flexibility resource are cumulatively calculated in sequence to determine the total flexibility amount of the building at the current moment. When the building participates in the demand response plan, the cumulative flexibility amount is compared with the grid regulation instruction in real time. If the cumulative flexibility amount exceeds the grid regulation instruction or the baseline load, the grid regulation instruction or the baseline load is used as the comprehensive flexibility potential at the current moment. If the cumulative flexibility amount is lower than the baseline load and the grid regulation instruction, the calculation continues until the total flexibility amount of all positive flexibility resources is used as the comprehensive flexibility potential at the current moment. When the building does not participate in the demand response plan, the cumulative flexibility amount is compared with the baseline load in real time, and the baseline load is used as the upper limit of the comprehensive flexibility potential at the current moment.

[0113] The negative flexibility potential is quantified as follows: If the cumulative value of the first k flexibility amounts exceeds the baseline load or the grid regulation instruction, the baseline load or the grid regulation instruction is used as the comprehensive flexibility potential Q of the building at the current moment. flexibility , otherwise, the calculation continues until the total flexibility amount of all n - negative flexibility resources is used as the comprehensive flexibility potential Q of the building. flexibility ;

[0114] Specifically, the comprehensive flexibility potential of the negative flexibility resources is calculated by cumulatively adding the flexibility amounts of each negative flexibility resource based on dynamic priority. When the building participates in the demand response plan, the cumulative flexibility amount is compared with the grid regulation instruction in real time. If the cumulative flexibility amount exceeds the grid regulation instruction, the grid regulation instruction is used as the comprehensive flexibility potential at the current moment. If the cumulative flexibility amount is lower than the grid regulation instruction, the calculation continues until the total flexibility amount of all negative flexibility resources is used as the comprehensive flexibility potential at the current moment. When the building does not participate in the demand response plan, only the flexibility amounts of all negative flexibility resources need to be cumulatively calculated, which is used as the comprehensive flexibility potential at the current moment.

[0115] The following further illustrates the present invention through specific examples.

[0116] Based on a simulation model of a small office building, the performance of the proposed method is verified. The case building is located in a certain city and is a three-story small office building. The operation time of the air conditioning system is from 7:00 to 20:00 every day. The cooling area of the centralized air conditioning system is the offices on the third floor of the building. In the simulation model, a set of active cold storage equipment is added, and a chiller with an appropriate capacity is configured as the cold and heat source. During the night period, the chiller stores cold energy in the active cold storage equipment. The active cold storage equipment adopts a coil-type ice storage system, and the air conditioning terminal equipment is fan coil units. The total cooling area of this office area is 138.5 m 2 . Combining with the attached drawings, a further example description of the specific implementation method of the present invention is as follows:

[0117] The flexible resources in the building are respectively the flexibility of building heat storage bodies, the flexibility of active cold storage equipment, adjustable electrical equipment (lighting equipment), and transferable electrical equipment (office appliances). A comprehensive schematic diagram of various flexible resources is as shown in Figure 3 Figure [1]. Under normal operation, the room temperature set value in the summer working condition is 25 °C. According to the indoor comfort PMV and PPD indicators, the upper limit of the room temperature set value during flexible regulation is determined to be 27 °C; the active cold storage equipment is ice storage equipment, and its capacity is selected according to 25% of the design daily load; the lighting equipment is designed according to 10 W / m 2 ², and 30% - 50% of the lighting equipment can be turned off during DR; the transferable electrical equipment works for 20 minutes between 13:40 and 14:00 in the afternoon, with a rated power of 1.5 kW, and the time window is from 7:00 to 20:00 every day. The building in this case does not participate in the DR plan of the power grid, and only uses the peak-valley electricity price difference to transfer the load and obtain economic benefits. The time-of-use electricity price curve of a certain month in summer in a certain city is as shown in Figure 4 Figure [2]. The peak electricity price periods (10:00 - 15:00, 18:00 - 20:00) are used as the demand response intervals, and the adjustment strategy parameters of each flexible resource during DR are set as shown in Table 1. Since the building needs to reduce the power consumption from the power grid during the high electricity price period, therefore, the present invention mainly takes the positive flexible potential as an example to verify the method and analyze the results.

[0118] Table 1 Setting of control strategy parameters for flexible resources

[0119]

[0120] Figure 5The following are the comparison results of the priority evaluation indicators for each flexible resource. By comparing the flexible amounts, it can be seen that the flexible amount of the active cold storage equipment is the largest, followed by the flexibility of the building heat storage body, and the flexible amounts of the two types of electrical equipment are the smallest. Among them, the transfer-type office equipment only has flexibility at 13:00. By comparing the flexible change rates, it can be seen that the flexible amounts provided by the active cold storage equipment and the adjustable electrical equipment are relatively more stable, while the flexible amount provided by the building heat storage body gradually decreases with time, and the change rate also gradually decreases. By comparing the total benefits, it can be seen that the total benefit of the building heat storage body flexibility is the largest, and the difference in the total benefits in different DR intervals is relatively large. The total benefit in the first DR interval (10:00 - 15:00) takes into account the energy consumption cost brought by the load rebound after the end of DR, while after the end of the second DR interval (18:00 - 20:00), the air conditioning system stops using, so the impact brought by the load rebound can be ignored. Since the flexible benefit of the active cold storage equipment needs to consider the energy consumption cost brought by night cold storage, the total benefit is lower than that of the building heat storage body flexibility. The total benefit of the adjustable electrical equipment flexibility is close to that of the active cold storage equipment flexibility, and the total benefit of the transfer-type electrical equipment is the smallest. By comparing the benefits per unit of flexible amount, it can be seen that the unit flexible benefit of the adjustable electrical equipment is the largest, because the lighting equipment does not need to consider the energy consumption cost during the energy storage stage; followed by the building heat storage body, which only needs to consider the cost brought by a part of the load rebound; the unit flexible benefit of the active cold storage equipment is relatively small, and the transfer-type electrical equipment is the smallest. By comparing the indoor thermal comfort and indoor light environment indicators, it can be seen that the flexibility of the building heat storage body has a certain impact on indoor thermal comfort, and the utilization of other flexible resources does not affect indoor thermal comfort; the flexibility of the adjustable electrical equipment has a certain impact on the indoor light environment, and there are differences in the indoor light environment indicators under different lighting equipment adjustment ratios. The higher the proportion of the lighting equipment turned off, the greater its impact on the indoor light environment, and the utilization of other flexible resources does not affect the indoor light environment.

[0121] In summary, for the flexible amount, the value of the active cold storage equipment is the largest, followed by the building heat storage body, and the value of the electrical equipment is the smallest; for the total benefit, the value of the building heat storage body is the largest, followed by the adjustable electrical equipment and the active cold storage equipment, and the value of the transfer-type electrical equipment is the smallest; for the benefit per unit of flexible amount, the value of the electrical equipment is the largest, followed by the building heat storage body, and the value of the active cold storage is the smallest; for the flexible change rate, the flexibility of the active cold storage and the electrical equipment is relatively more stable, and the flexibility of the building heat storage body changes continuously with time; for the indoor thermal comfort and light environment, the flexibility of the active cold storage equipment has no impact on these indicators, and the flexibility of the building heat storage body and the electrical equipment has a certain impact on the indoor environment; for the response duration, the building heat storage body can continuously provide flexibility, and the response duration is the longest, but the active cold storage equipment is limited by the cold storage capacity and can only provide flexibility for a certain period of time, and the transfer-type electrical equipment can also only provide flexibility within a certain fixed time period, and the adjustable electrical equipment is also limited by the environmental conditions and operating conditions.

[0122] Figure 6 The sorting results of the priorities of each flexible resource are shown. It can be seen that in the first DR interval (10:00 - 15:00), the priority of the active cold storage equipment is the highest, followed by the building thermal storage body, and the priorities of the two types of electrical equipment are the lowest. This is because both the flexibility quantity and the total revenue of the active cold storage equipment are relatively large, and using the flexibility of the active cold storage equipment has no impact on the indoor thermal comfort and light environment. Therefore, the priority of the active cold storage equipment is the highest. However, using the flexibility of the building thermal storage body or the adjustable electrical equipment has a certain impact on the indoor thermal comfort or light environment. Therefore, the priority is the second. Although the transfer-type electrical equipment has no impact on the indoor thermal comfort and light environment, its flexibility quantity and total revenue are relatively low. Therefore, the priority is the lowest.

[0123] In the second DR interval (18:00 - 20:00), the priority of the building thermal storage body is the highest, followed by the adjustable electrical equipment. The priorities of the active cold storage equipment and the transfer-type electrical equipment in this stage are both relatively low. This is because the flexibility quantity of the active cold storage equipment in the second DR interval is 0, that is, the active cold storage equipment has released all the cold storage capacity in the first DR interval and cannot continue to provide flexibility in the second DR interval. Therefore, the priority is relatively low. However, in the second DR interval, the building thermal storage body can provide a relatively large flexibility quantity and total revenue again. This is because after the first DR interval ends, the room temperature is reset to 25°C, and the building thermal storage body stores cold again. As a result, the flexibility of the building thermal storage body can provide flexibility again in the second DR interval. Therefore, the priority is the highest.

[0124] Figure 7 The quantification results of the comprehensive building flexibility potential are shown. It can be seen that during the off-peak electricity price period at night, the chiller stores cold for the active cold storage equipment, and during the DR period, the chiller and various flexible resources jointly supply cooling to the building. In addition, the flexible utilization situation of the electrical load is consistent with the cooling load. However, due to the existence of remaining lighting and electrical appliances for daily use in the building, during the DR period, using various flexible resources can transfer part of the electrical load, but it is impossible to completely transfer the electrical load.

[0125] Under high load conditions, the active energy storage equipment transfers the building peak load, which can reduce the installation cost of the chiller. And according to the priority sorting result, the flexibility of the active energy storage equipment is utilized preferentially. Therefore, the flexibility of the active energy storage equipment is concentrated in the first DR interval for utilization. At the same time, the heat storage flexibility of the building and the heat dissipation flexibility of the electrical equipment also transfer part of the cooling load to minimize the operating cost. Among them, the electrical flexibility of the electrical equipment during 13:00 - 14:00 is greater than that in other time periods, because the transferable electrical equipment is transferred during this time period, which leads to an increase in the baseline load during 15:00 - 16:00. In the second DR interval, the active energy storage equipment no longer has the potential for flexible regulation. Therefore, in this stage, the load transfer is mainly based on the heat storage flexibility of the building and the heat dissipation flexibility of the electrical equipment. During the two DR periods, the total flexibility at any moment does not exceed the baseline load. It can be seen that the comprehensive flexibility potential under high load conditions is not enough to transfer all the air-conditioning loads during the DR period.

[0126] Under low load conditions, according to the priority sorting result, the flexibility of the active energy storage equipment is also utilized preferentially. The difference is that the chilled water storage capacity of the active energy storage equipment is all released during the DR period, because the building peak load does not exceed the installed capacity of the chiller. In addition, between 10:00 and 13:00, the building heat storage body does not need to provide the maximum flexibility potential. Only by providing part of the flexibility can the cumulative building comprehensive flexibility potential reach the baseline cooling load. During 13:00 - 15:00, even without using the flexibility of the building heat storage body, the building comprehensive flexibility potential can reach the baseline cooling load. It can be seen that under low load conditions, using all the flexibility of the active energy storage equipment and part of the flexibility of the building heat storage body can transfer all the air-conditioning cooling loads, and the flexibility of the building heat storage body is not fully utilized in this condition. However, during 13:00 - 15:00, the flexibility of the building heat storage body is not used, but the electrical flexibility of the electrical equipment is preferentially used, because using the flexibility of the active energy storage equipment can transfer all the air-conditioning electrical loads during this time period, and there is no need to use the flexibility of the building heat storage body. However, using the electrical flexibility of the electrical equipment can further transfer part of the electrical load.

[0127] By implementing the corresponding flexible regulation strategy in the simulation model, the flexible energy consumption curve is obtained. By comparing it with the baseline load, the quantification result of the comprehensive flexibility potential based on the simulation is obtained. Figure 8 The comparison chart of the flexibility quantification results based on the proposed method and the simulation-based quantification results is shown. From the comparative analysis, it can be seen that the calculation results of the theoretical quantification method proposed in the present invention have a high consistency with the simulation results under different load conditions. Under high load conditions, the quantification error MAPE is 12.9%. Under low load conditions, MAPE is 9.6%. The average MAPE under different conditions is 11.3%. This result shows that the proposed quantification method for the comprehensive flexibility potential of the building has high accuracy.

[0128] It should be noted that the content not elaborated in detail in the present invention is all prior art and is well known to those skilled in the art.

[0129] Therefore, by adopting the above-mentioned method for quantitatively evaluating the comprehensive flexible potential of a building considering dynamic priorities, the present invention can accurately quantify the comprehensive flexible potential of a building, provide a basis for resource scheduling and strategy formulation, and enhance the economy, balance and reliability of the power system.

[0130] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify or equivalently replace the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A building comprehensive flexible potential quantification method considering dynamic priorities, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step S1: Input the time windows and working hours of each flexible resource, analyze the relationship between the demand response interval and the time window, and identify the types of flexible resources that can participate in demand response regulation; Step S2: Classify the identified types of flexible resources that can participate in demand response regulation into positive flexibility and negative flexibility according to the flexible direction. Starting from five dimensions: flexibility quantity, energy consumption benefit, indoor thermal comfort, indoor light environment, and flexibility change rate, construct a flexible resource priority evaluation index; Step S3: Use the entropy method to calculate the weights of each evaluation index, and then calculate the closeness of each flexible resource to the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution based on the TOPSIS algorithm, and further determine the priority of each flexible resource; Step S4: Cumulatively calculate the flexibility quantity of each flexible resource in turn according to the priority ranking, and compare it with the baseline load and the grid regulation instruction in real time.

2. The building comprehensive flexible potential quantification method considering dynamic priority according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S1, the method for identifying adjustable flexible resources in buildings is as follows: During demand response, first, input the time windows and working hours of each flexible resource. Second, combine the demand response signal given by the grid or the time-of-use electricity price policy to determine the demand response interval. Finally, analyze the relative relationship between the demand response interval and the time windows and working hours of each flexible resource. By judging the intersection between the demand response interval and each time window, identify the flexible resources whose time windows intersect with the demand response interval, which are the adjustable flexible resources for this time period.

3. A method for quantifying the comprehensive flexible potential of a building considering dynamic priorities according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the flexible resource priority evaluation index is as follows: Flexibility quantity: It represents the flexibility quantity that each flexible resource can provide within the time period from time t to the next calculation moment; Energy consumption benefit: It represents the electricity cost savings or economic benefits brought about by using building flexibility; For the flexibility of building heat storage bodies and active heat storage equipment, the energy benefit B fle,1 (t) is calculated according to formula (1): Among them, α(t) represents the real-time electricity price; β(t) represents the compensation revenue of the demand response plan; t represents the current flexible calculation time; Q fle (t) represents the flexible quantity at time t; Q cha,the represents the energy consumption during the heat storage stage; C cha,the represents the energy consumption cost during the energy storage stage; For the flexibility of the active electricity storage device, its energy benefit B fle,2 (t) is calculated according to formula (2): Among them, Q rated represents the rated capacity of the electricity storage device; N AEES,max represents the maximum number of charge-discharge cycles of the electricity storage device; C AEES represents the acquisition cost of the electricity storage device; Q cha,ele represents the energy consumption during the electricity storage stage; For the flexibility of the electrical equipment, its energy benefit B fle，3 (t) is calculated according to formula (3): B fle，3 B(t) = Q fle B(t)·[α(t) + β(t)] - Q fle B(t)·α sh (3); Among them, α sh represents the electricity price during the time period after the transfer of the electrical equipment; Indoor thermal comfort: It represents the degree of influence on indoor thermal comfort by using building flexibility, and is calculated according to formula (4); Among them, T set,ini represents the initial room temperature set value; T set represents the adjusted room temperature set value during the demand response period; TC comf (t) represents the indoor thermal comfort influence index at time t; T in (t) represents the indoor temperature at time t; Indoor light environment: It represents the degree of influence on the indoor light environment of the building by using building flexibility, and is calculated according to formula (5), which represents the ratio of the indoor light condition at time t to the optimal light condition; Among them, P on (t) represents the total power of the turned-on lighting devices; P total represents the total power of all lighting devices; LE comf (t) represents the indoor light environment impact index at time t; Flexibility change rate: It represents the change rate of the flexibility quantity at time t, and is calculated according to formula (6): Among them, S fle (t) represents the change rate of the flexibility at time t; Δt represents the time period between time t and the next calculation time.

4. A method for comprehensively and flexibly quantifying the latent power of a building considering dynamic priorities according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S3, based on the TOPSIS algorithm, calculate the closeness of each flexible resource to the positive ideal solution and the negative ideal solution, and further determine the priority of each flexible resource, including the following steps: Step S31. At time t, there are n types of flexible resources available for flexibility in the building, and the number of flexible resource priority evaluation indicators is denoted as m. An initial decision matrix X=(x ij ) n×m is generated based on the original data and normalized; Among them, represents the minimum value of the j-th index; represents the maximum value of the j-th index; x ij represents the value of the j-th index of the i-th flexible resource; z ij represents the value of the j-th index of the i-th flexible resource after normalization; Step S32: Calculate the proportion of each data under each index in the total data, calculate the entropy value of the jth index according to formula (10), and determine the weights of the flexible resource priority evaluation indexes; Among them, a ij represents the proportion of the i-th flexible resource in the total data in the j-th index; e j represents the entropy value of the j-th index; represents the weight of the j-th index; Step S33: Construct the positive ideal solution and negative ideal solution of the TOPSIS algorithm, and calculate the Euclidean distance between the $i$-th type of flexible resource and the positive ideal solution and the Euclidean distance from the negative ideal solution Among them, represents the maximum value obtained among each flexible resource under the m-th index; a im represents the value of the m-th index of the i-th flexible resource; represents the minimum value obtained among each flexible resource under the m-th index; Step S34: Calculate the similarity S between the i-th flexible resource and the positive ideal solution i , and sort all flexible resources according to the value of S i to determine the scheduling priorities of different flexible resources in the DR strategy; 5. A method for quantifying the comprehensive flexible potential of a building considering dynamic priorities according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the flexibility amounts of each flexible resource are cumulatively calculated in the order of priority, and are compared with the baseline load Q base and the grid regulation command Q DR in real time. The specific operation is as follows: The quantification of positive flexibility potential is as follows: According to the priority ranking, cumulatively calculate the flexibility quantity of each positive flexible resource in turn, and determine the total flexibility quantity of the building at the current moment. When the building participates in the demand response plan, compare the cumulative flexibility quantity with the grid regulation instruction in real time. If the cumulative flexibility quantity exceeds the grid regulation instruction or the baseline load, then use the grid regulation instruction or the baseline load as the comprehensive flexibility potential at the current moment; If the cumulative flexibility is lower than the baseline load and the grid regulation command, continue to accumulate it until the total flexibility of all positive flexibility resources is used as the comprehensive flexibility potential at the current moment. When the building does not participate in the demand response program, compare the cumulative flexibility with the baseline load in real time, and use the baseline load as the upper limit of the comprehensive flexibility potential at the current moment; The quantification of the negative flexibility potential is as follows: The comprehensive flexibility potential of negative flexibility resources accumulates the flexibility of each negative flexibility resource in turn based on dynamic priorities. When the building participates in the demand response program, compare the cumulative flexibility with the grid regulation command in real time. If the cumulative flexibility exceeds the grid regulation command, use the grid regulation command as the comprehensive flexibility potential at the current moment; If the cumulative flexibility is lower than the grid regulation command, continue to accumulate the flexibility until the total flexibility of all negative flexibility resources is used as the comprehensive flexibility potential at the current moment. When the building does not participate in the demand response program, only accumulate the flexibility of all negative flexibility resources, and use this as the comprehensive flexibility potential at the current moment.

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