PACK-level composite fire extinguishing system and method based on energy storage battery prefabricated cabin

Abstract

The invention discloses a PACK-level composite fire extinguishing system and method based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin. The system comprises a liquid cooling fire extinguishing system, a three-level BMS, a plurality of dry alarm valves, branch control valves, tubular direct fire extinguishing devices, a first-level BMS and a second-level BMS. When the tubular direct fire extinguishing device detects that the temperature of the corresponding battery pack reaches a preset temperature value, a fire extinguishing agent is sprayed; corresponding response control is carried out through the second-stage BMS according to the battery state data uploaded by each first-stage BMS in the corresponding battery cluster, so that the corresponding dry alarm valve and the corresponding sub-control valve are controlled to be opened when the battery pack is in thermal runaway; monitoring whether the water supply state in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe is abnormal or not through a dry alarm valve; and the to-be-displayed information uploaded by each second-stage BMS and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid cooling fire extinguishing system are displayed and recorded through the third-stage BMS. According to the invention, staged protection and dual protection can be carried out, accurate fire extinguishing can be realized, and occurrence and diffusion of fire disasters can be prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of energy storage fire fighting, and in particular to a PACK-level composite fire fighting system and method based on a prefabricated energy storage battery compartment. Background Art

[0002] At present, the existing PACK-level fire protection of energy storage battery prefabricated cabins is to arrange a direct fire-detecting tube fire-extinguishing device in the battery pack to implement point-to-point spraying of fire extinguishing agents to quickly form protection, while increasing the rapid full flooding protection of the protection area to achieve rapid fire extinguishing. Alternatively, water fire fighting is used for fire fighting, and an electrically isolated water-containing cavity is set in the battery pack. The water-containing cavity is also provided with a water inlet and a drain. The battery management system detects the thermal runaway information of the battery pack. The battery management system of each battery pack summarizes and transmits the relevant data of the battery pack to the high-voltage control box. The high-voltage control box controls the relay to close and controls the electromagnetic switch corresponding to the thermal runaway battery pack in the fire-fighting component to open, so that water can enter the water-containing cavity of the battery pack, thereby achieving the effect of water injection cooling and fire suppression. However, the fire extinguishing dosage of the PACK-level direct fire-detecting tube fire-extinguishing device is relatively small, and it cannot effectively suppress the thermal runaway of the battery pack; the water-containing cavity is set in the battery pack, which will cause the battery pack to become larger or the battery capacity to become smaller, and the use of water fire fighting in the early stage of thermal runaway of the battery pack is likely to cause serious short circuit. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the deficiencies in the prior art. The embodiments of the present invention provide a PACK-level composite fire-fighting system and method based on a prefabricated energy storage battery cabin, which can perform phased protection and double protection, can accurately extinguish fires, and can prevent the occurrence and spread of fires.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a PACK-level composite fire-fighting system based on a prefabricated energy storage battery cabin, which is applied to a prefabricated energy storage battery cabin, wherein the prefabricated energy storage battery cabin includes a plurality of battery clusters, each of which includes a plurality of battery packs; the PACK-level composite fire-fighting system based on the prefabricated energy storage battery cabin includes: a liquid-cooled fire-fighting system, a plurality of dry alarm valves, a plurality of sub-control valves, a plurality of tubular direct fire-extinguishing devices, a plurality of primary BMSs, a plurality of secondary BMSs, and a tertiary BMS;

[0005] The liquid-cooled fire-fighting system is provided with a primary water supply pipe, and the primary water supply pipe is provided with a plurality of secondary water supply pipes leading to each battery cluster respectively, and each secondary water supply pipe is provided with a corresponding dry alarm valve, and each secondary water supply pipe is also provided with a plurality of tertiary water supply pipes leading to each battery pack in the corresponding battery cluster respectively, and each tertiary water supply pipe is provided with a corresponding sub-control valve; the liquid-cooled fire-fighting system is also connected to each battery pack through a return pipe; the liquid-cooled fire-fighting system is in communication connection with the tertiary BMS;

[0006] For each of the plurality of battery clusters, a corresponding tube-type direct fire extinguishing device and a corresponding primary BMS are provided on each battery pack in the battery cluster. The primary BMSs on all the battery packs in the battery cluster are communicatively connected to the corresponding secondary BMS, the secondary BMS is communicatively connected to the tertiary BMS, and the secondary BMS is also communicatively connected to the corresponding dry alarm valve and branch control valve;

[0007] Wherein, the tube-type direct fire extinguishing device is configured to discharge fire extinguishing agent when detecting that the temperature of the corresponding battery pack reaches a preset temperature value; the primary BMS is configured to collect battery state data of the corresponding battery pack and upload it to the corresponding secondary BMS; the secondary BMS is configured to obtain a battery state result based on the battery state data uploaded by each primary BMS in the corresponding battery cluster, and perform corresponding response control based on the battery state result to control the corresponding dry alarm valve and the corresponding branch control valve to open when the battery pack is in thermal runaway; the secondary BMS is further configured to receive and upload to the tertiary BMS the alarm information uploaded by the corresponding dry alarm valve when detecting abnormal water supply state in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe; the tertiary BMS is configured to display and record the information to be displayed uploaded by each secondary BMS and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid cooling fire protection system.

[0008] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a PACK-level composite fire protection method based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin. The method is applied to the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin described in the first aspect above. The method includes:

[0009] The primary BMS in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin collects battery state data of the corresponding battery pack and uploads it to the corresponding secondary BMS in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin;

[0010] The secondary BMS obtains a battery state result based on the battery state data uploaded by each primary BMS in the corresponding battery cluster, and performs corresponding response control based on the battery state result to control the corresponding dry alarm valve and the corresponding branch control valve in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin to open when the battery pack in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin is in thermal runaway;

[0011] If the secondary BMS receives the alarm information uploaded by the corresponding dry alarm valve when detecting abnormal water supply state in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe, the secondary BMS uploads the alarm information to the tertiary BMS in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin;

[0012] The three - level BMS displays and records the information to be displayed uploaded by each second - level BMS and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid - cooled fire - fighting system in the PACK - level composite fire - fighting system based on the energy - storage battery prefabricated cabin.

[0013] The embodiment of the present invention provides a PACK - level composite fire - fighting system and method based on an energy - storage battery prefabricated cabin. The system includes: a liquid - cooled fire - fighting system, a three - level BMS, and a number of dry - pipe alarm valves, sub - control valves, tube - type direct fire - extinguishing devices, a first - level BMS, and a second - level BMS. In the present invention, the tube - type direct fire - extinguishing device sprays fire - extinguishing agent when the temperature of the corresponding battery pack reaches a preset temperature value; the second - level BMS performs corresponding response control according to the battery state data uploaded by each first - level BMS in the corresponding battery cluster to control the opening of the corresponding dry - pipe alarm valve and the corresponding sub - control valve when the battery pack is in thermal runaway; the dry - pipe alarm valve monitors whether the water supply state in the corresponding second - level water supply pipe is abnormal; and the three - level BMS displays and records the information to be displayed uploaded by each second - level BMS and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid - cooled fire - fighting system. The present invention can perform staged protection and dual protection, can accurately extinguish fires, and can prevent the occurrence and spread of fires. Description of the Drawings

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic block diagram of a PACK - level composite fire - fighting system based on an energy - storage battery prefabricated cabin provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic block diagram of a liquid - cooled fire - fighting system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow chart of a PACK - level composite fire - fighting method based on an energy - storage battery prefabricated cabin provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Among them, the description of the reference numerals:

[0019] 10. Liquid - cooled fire - fighting system; 100. Pipeline; 101. Liquid - cooling water tank; 102. Float valve; 103. Make - up water pump; 104. Control valve; 105. Stand - by water tank; 106. Liquid - filling hole; 11. Dry - pipe alarm valve; 12. Sub - control valve; 13. Tube - type direct fire - extinguishing device; 14. First - level BMS; 15. Second - level BMS; 16. Third - level BMS; 17. First - level water supply pipe; 18. Second - level water supply pipe; 19. Third - level water supply pipe; 20. Return pipe. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] It should be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "including" indicate the presence of the described features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or their combinations.

[0022] It should also be understood that the terms used in this specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in this specification of the present invention and the appended claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms.

[0023] It should be further understood that the term " / and" used in this specification of the present invention and the appended claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes these combinations.

[0024] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 which is a schematic block diagram of a PACK-level composite fire protection system based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The PACK-level composite fire protection system based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applied to an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin. The energy storage battery prefabricated cabin includes a plurality of battery clusters (refer to the battery clusters 1, 2... n shown in Figure 1 , where 1... n represents the serial number), and each battery cluster includes a plurality of battery packs (refer to PACK1, PACK2... PACKn-1, PACKn shown in Figure 1 , where 1... n represents the serial number); the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin includes: a liquid cooling fire protection system 10, a plurality of dry alarm valves 11, a plurality of sub-control valves 12, a plurality of tube-type direct fire extinguishing devices 13, a plurality of primary BMSs 14, a plurality of secondary BMSs 15, and a tertiary BMS 16.

[0025] A primary water supply pipe 17 is provided on the liquid-cooled fire protection system 10. A number of secondary water supply pipes 18 leading to each battery cluster are provided on the primary water supply pipe 17. A corresponding dry alarm valve 11 is provided on each secondary water supply pipe 18. A number of tertiary water supply pipes 19 leading to each battery pack in the corresponding battery cluster are also provided on each secondary water supply pipe 18. A corresponding sub-control valve 12 is provided on each tertiary water supply pipe 19. The liquid-cooled fire protection system 10 is also connected to each battery pack through a return water pipe 20. The liquid-cooled fire protection system 10 is communicatively connected to the tertiary BMS 16.

[0026] For each of the several battery clusters, a corresponding tubular direct fire extinguishing device 13 and a corresponding primary BMS 14 are provided on each battery pack in the battery cluster. The primary BMSs 14 on all the battery packs in the battery cluster are communicatively connected to the corresponding secondary BMS 15. The secondary BMS 15 is communicatively connected to the tertiary BMS 16. The secondary BMS 15 is also communicatively connected to the corresponding dry alarm valve 11 and sub-control valve 12.

[0027] Among them, the tubular direct fire extinguishing device 13 is used to spray the fire extinguishing agent when it detects that the temperature of the corresponding battery pack reaches the preset temperature value. The primary BMS 14 is used to collect the battery state data of the corresponding battery pack and upload it to the corresponding secondary BMS 15. The secondary BMS 15 is used to obtain the battery state result based on the battery state data uploaded by each primary BMS 14 in the corresponding battery cluster, and perform corresponding response control based on the battery state result to control the corresponding dry alarm valve 11 and the corresponding sub-control valve 12 to open when the battery pack is in thermal runaway. The secondary BMS 15 is also used to receive and upload to the tertiary BMS 16 the alarm information uploaded by the corresponding dry alarm valve 11 when it detects an abnormal water supply state in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18. The tertiary BMS 16 is used to display and record the information to be displayed uploaded by each secondary BMS 15 and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid-cooled fire protection system 10.

[0028] In this embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , the number of dry alarm valves 11 and secondary BMSs 15 is equal to and in one-to-one correspondence with the number of battery clusters. The number of sub-control valves 12, tubular direct fire extinguishing devices 13 and secondary BMSs 15 is equal to and in one-to-one correspondence with the number of battery packs. Specifically, a tubular direct fire extinguishing device 13 is provided on each battery pack. When the temperature of the battery pack rises to the preset temperature value, that is, in the early stage of the thermal runaway of the battery pack, the tubular direct fire extinguishing device 13 will automatically spray the fire extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing agent released in the tubular direct fire extinguishing device 13 spreads throughout the battery pack, quickly cooling the battery pack and preventing the occurrence and spread of fire. Preferably, the preset temperature value is 68°C. The preset temperature value can be set according to the safety index of the battery pack and is not specifically limited herein.

[0029] Meanwhile, a primary BMS 14 is provided on each battery pack. The primary BMS 14 will collect the battery state data of the corresponding battery pack in real time and upload the collected battery state data to the corresponding secondary BMS 15, so that the secondary BMS 15 can make a fire protection judgment and take actions based on the received battery state data. Among them, the battery state data of the battery pack are battery level-related parameters, such as the voltage drop value of the battery pack, the acquisition point temperature, and the temperature rise rate, which are used to detect the battery state of the battery pack.

[0030] A secondary BMS 15 is provided on each battery cluster. The secondary BMS 15 receives the battery state data uploaded by the primary BMS 14 on each battery pack within its corresponding battery cluster. The secondary BMS 15 evaluates the battery level-related parameters of the received battery state data to obtain a battery state result, and the battery state result is used to indicate the battery state of each battery pack within the corresponding battery cluster. The secondary BMS 15 performs corresponding response control based on the battery state result, that is, the secondary BMS 15 can make a fire protection judgment and take actions based on the received battery state data. When the tube direct fire extinguishing device 13 cannot effectively suppress the temperature out-of-control of the battery pack and the battery pack reaches the thermal runaway condition, that is, the battery state of the battery pack is in the thermal runaway state, the secondary BMS 15 controls the dry alarm valve 11 and the sub-control valve 12 corresponding to the thermally runaway battery pack to open, so that the coolant in the liquid cooling fire protection system 10 is injected into the thermally runaway battery pack through the primary water supply pipe 17, the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18, and the corresponding tertiary water supply pipe 19. If the battery pack is filled with liquid, the excess liquid flows back into the liquid cooling fire protection system 10 through the return water pipe 20, thereby performing water fire protection and extinguishing on the thermally runaway battery pack. Among them, the sub-control valve 12 can be an electromagnetic valve. A gas-liquid two-phase nozzle for connecting the corresponding tertiary water supply pipe 19 can also be provided on the battery pack, and the coolant flowing into the tertiary water supply pipe 19 is sprayed on the battery pack through the gas-liquid two-phase nozzle, so as to better cool and extinguish the battery pack.

[0031] When the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin is in the normal working condition (i.e., non-thermal runaway state), the dry alarm valve 11 will monitor the pressure change and water flow change in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18, so as to judge whether the water supply state in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18 is abnormal, so as to timely detect the water leakage problem in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18, thereby preventing system water leakage and ensuring the normal operation of the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin. If the dry alarm valve 11 monitors that the water supply state in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18 is abnormal, it means that there is a water leakage problem in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18. The dry alarm valve 11 will timely report an alarm message to the secondary BMS 15, and at the same time, through the secondary BMS 15, timely report the alarm message to the tertiary BMS 16 for display and recording, prompting relevant personnel to perform maintenance.

[0032] The three - level BMS16 will display and record the information to be displayed uploaded by each second - level BMS15 and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid - cooled fire protection system 10. The information to be displayed uploaded by each second - level BMS15 to the three - level BMS16 includes the battery state data received by each second - level BMS15, the obtained battery state results, the response information of the corresponding response control made, and the alarm information uploaded by the corresponding dry - pipe alarm valve 11, so as to facilitate relevant personnel to view.

[0033] In addition, the three - level BMS16 can also communicate with a station - level fire - fighting host (not shown) and a remote APP (not shown), enabling remote operation of the PACK - level composite fire - fighting system for energy - storage battery prefabricated cabins applied to energy - storage battery prefabricated cabins through the station - level fire - fighting host or the remote APP. For example, the three - level BMS16 uploads the information to be displayed uploaded by each second - level BMS15 and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid - cooled fire protection system 10 to the station - level fire - fighting host. When the station - level fire - fighting host detects that a battery pack is in thermal runaway based on the received information and the corresponding second - level BMS15 fails to make a corresponding response control, the station - level fire - fighting host can issue an instruction to the three - level BMS16 to remotely control the PACK - level composite fire - fighting system for energy - storage battery prefabricated cabins applied to energy - storage battery prefabricated cabins to perform fire - fighting actions on the corresponding thermally - runaway battery pack.

[0034] The PACK - level composite fire - fighting system for energy - storage battery prefabricated cabins provided by the embodiments of the present invention initially extinguishes the fire in the early stage of battery - pack thermal runaway through the tubular direct - type fire - extinguishing device 13, and then the second - level BMS15 controls the corresponding dry - pipe alarm valve 11 and the sub - control valve 12 to open to inject coolant into the thermally - runaway battery pack when the battery pack is in thermal runaway. Thus, the fire - fighting system of the present invention can detect battery thermal runaway early and prevent the spread of fire, can perform staged protection and dual protection, accurately extinguish the fire, will not affect the performance of other battery packs, more effectively suppresses battery - pack thermal runaway, and also greatly reduces the fire - fighting cost.

[0035] In a more specific embodiment, refer to Figure 2 , the liquid - cooled fire protection system 10 further includes a liquid - cooling water tank 101 and a float valve 102; the liquid - cooling water tank 101 is connected to the primary water supply pipe 17 and the return pipe 20; the float valve 102 is arranged in the liquid - cooling water tank 101, and the float valve 102 is communicatively connected to the three - level BMS16 to feed back the liquid level information to the three - level BMS16.

[0036] In this embodiment, the liquid cooling water tank 101 is used to provide a coolant. The coolant has a large specific heat capacity and good heat absorption effect. Moreover, the float valve 102 is used to detect the liquid level information of the coolant in the liquid cooling water tank 101, feedback the liquid level information to the three-level BMS 16 through the float valve 102, and display and record the liquid level information through the three-level BMS 16, so as to facilitate detecting whether the coolant in the liquid cooling water tank 101 has been injected into the battery pack with thermal runaway.

[0037] In a more specific embodiment, refer to Figure 2 , the liquid cooling fire protection system 10 further includes a make-up water pump 103, a control valve 104 and a standby water tank 105; the liquid cooling water tank 101 is connected to the standby water tank 105 through a pipeline 100, the make-up water pump 103 is arranged on the pipeline 100, and the control valve 104 is arranged on the pipeline 100 and is located between the make-up water pump 103 and the standby water tank 105; wherein, the float valve 102 is also communicatively connected to the plurality of second-level BMSs 15; the plurality of second-level BMSs 15 are further used to control the make-up water pump 103 and the control valve 104 according to the liquid level information uploaded by the float valve 102.

[0038] In this embodiment, affected by the structural space of the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin, the volume of the liquid cooling water tank 101 is limited, and the coolant in the liquid cooling water tank 101 is not enough to submerge all the battery packs. A standby water tank 105 with a comparable volume is arranged outside the liquid cooling water tank 101, and a make-up water pump 103 and a control valve 104 are arranged between the liquid cooling water tank 101 and the standby water tank 105. When the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin is in normal operation, the make-up water pump 103 and the control valve 104 are closed. Among them, the control valve 104 can be an electromagnetic valve. When a battery pack has thermal runaway, the second-level BMS 15 issues an instruction to open the corresponding dry alarm valve 11 and the sub-control valve 12, so that the coolant in the liquid cooling water tank 101 enters the battery pack with thermal runaway. At the same time, when the second-level BMS 15 can detect through the liquid level information uploaded by the float valve 102 that the liquid level of the coolant in the liquid cooling water tank 101 drops to the preset lowest effective water level, it controls the make-up water pump 103 and the control valve 104 to open, and replenishes the coolant to the liquid cooling water tank 101 through the standby water tank 105. When the second-level BMS 15 can also detect through the liquid level information uploaded by the float valve 102 that the liquid level of the coolant in the liquid cooling water tank 101 rises to the preset highest effective water level, it controls the make-up water pump 103 and the control valve 104 to close and stops replenishing the coolant to the liquid cooling water tank 101.

[0039] In a more specific embodiment, refer to Figure 2 , a liquid filling hole 106 is further arranged on the liquid cooling water tank 101.

[0040] In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the replenishment of the coolant to the liquid cooling water tank 101, a liquid replenishment hole 106 may be further provided on the liquid cooling water tank 101, and relevant personnel can directly replenish the coolant to the liquid cooling water tank 101 through the liquid replenishment hole 106.

[0041] In a more specific embodiment, for each of the plurality of tube-type direct fire extinguishing devices 13, the tube-type direct fire extinguishing device 13 includes a tube component (not shown), perfluoromethylcyclohexane fire extinguishing agent (not shown) disposed in the tube component, and a heat-sensitive detection glass bulb (not shown) disposed on the tube component; the tube component is disposed in the corresponding battery pack.

[0042] In this embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , the tube component is disposed in the battery pack. Preferably, heat-sensitive detection glass bulbs are disposed at both ends of the tube component. When the heat-sensitive detection glass bulb on the tube component detects that the temperature of the corresponding battery pack reaches a preset temperature value, it breaks, so that the perfluoromethylcyclohexane fire extinguishing agent in the tube component is sprayed out, and thus spreads throughout the battery pack through the release of the perfluoromethylcyclohexane fire extinguishing agent in the tube component, quickly cooling the battery pack. In addition, the tube-type direct fire extinguishing device 13 can be purchased according to specific projects, and is not specifically limited herein.

[0043] In addition, an alarm unit (not shown) communicatively connected to a plurality of secondary BMSs 15 may be further provided in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin. The secondary BMS 15 can control the alarm unit to give an alarm when a battery pack thermal runaway occurs, so as to more timely and effectively remind relevant personnel that fire protection operations are being carried out here. The secondary BMS 15 can also control the alarm unit to give an alarm when receiving an alarm message, so as to more timely and effectively remind relevant personnel of a water leakage problem.

[0044] As Figure 3 shown, Figure 3 is a schematic flow chart of the PACK-level composite fire protection method based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The PACK-level composite fire protection method based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin provided by an embodiment of the present invention is applied to any embodiment of the foregoing PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin, and the method includes steps S11 to S14.

[0045] S11. The primary BMS in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin collects battery state data of the corresponding battery pack and uploads it to the corresponding secondary BMS in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin.

[0046] In this embodiment, referring to Figure 1, a primary BMS 14 is set on each battery pack. The primary BMS 14 will collect the battery status data of the corresponding battery pack in real time and upload the collected battery status data to the corresponding secondary BMS 15, so that the secondary BMS 15 can make a fire protection judgment and take actions according to the received battery status data.

[0047] S12. The secondary BMS obtains a battery status result based on the battery status data uploaded by each primary BMS in the corresponding battery cluster, and performs corresponding response control based on the battery status result to control the corresponding dry alarm valve and the corresponding sub-control valve in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin to open when a battery pack in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin is in thermal runaway.

[0048] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 1 , the secondary BMS 15 receives the battery status data uploaded by the primary BMS 14 on each battery pack in its corresponding battery cluster. The secondary BMS 15 evaluates the parameters related to the battery level of the received battery status data to obtain a battery status result, and the battery status result is used to indicate the battery status of each battery pack in the corresponding battery cluster. The secondary BMS 15 performs corresponding response control based on the battery status result, that is, the secondary BMS 15 can make a fire protection judgment and take actions according to the received battery status data. Specifically, in the early stage of the thermal runaway of the battery pack, when the temperature of the battery pack rises to a preset temperature value, the tube-type direct fire extinguishing device 13 in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin will automatically spray the fire extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing agent released in the tube-type direct fire extinguishing device 13 spreads to the entire battery pack, quickly cooling the battery pack. When the tube-type direct fire extinguishing device 13 cannot effectively suppress the temperature runaway of the battery pack and the battery pack reaches the thermal runaway condition, that is, the secondary BMS 15 detects that the battery status of the battery pack is in the thermal runaway state, the secondary BMS 15 controls the dry alarm valve 11 and the sub-control valve 12 corresponding to the thermally runaway battery pack to open, so that the coolant in the liquid cooling fire protection system 10 is injected into the thermally runaway battery pack through the primary water supply pipe 17, the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18 and the corresponding tertiary water supply pipe 19, thereby performing water fire extinguishing on the thermally runaway battery pack.

[0049] In one embodiment, the secondary BMS obtains a battery status result based on the battery status data uploaded by each primary BMS in the corresponding battery cluster, including:

[0050] For the battery status data uploaded by each primary BMS in the battery cluster corresponding to the secondary BMS, the secondary BMS receives the battery status data;

[0051] If the secondary BMS determines that a corresponding battery pack meets any one of a preset first condition, a preset second condition, and a preset third condition based on the battery state data, the battery state sub-result of the corresponding battery pack is obtained as an abnormal state result;

[0052] If the secondary BMS determines that a corresponding battery pack simultaneously meets the preset first condition, the preset second condition, and the preset third condition based on the battery state data, the battery state sub-result of the corresponding battery pack is obtained as a thermal runaway state result;

[0053] The secondary BMS obtains the battery state sub-results of each battery pack in the corresponding battery cluster to form the battery state result;

[0054] Among them, the battery state data includes the voltage drop value, the temperature rise rate, and the temperatures at multiple acquisition points of the corresponding battery pack; the preset first condition is that there are at least a preset number of acquisition point temperatures in the battery state data of the battery pack that exceed the preset temperature limit value; the preset second condition is that the voltage drop value in the battery state data of the battery pack exceeds the preset voltage drop limit value; the preset third condition is that the temperature rise rate in the battery state data of the battery pack exceeds the preset temperature rise rate limit value.

[0055] In this embodiment, the battery state data is a battery level-related parameter. Specifically, the battery state data includes the voltage drop value, the temperature rise rate, and the temperatures at multiple acquisition points of the corresponding battery pack. The preset first condition, the preset second condition, and the preset second condition set in advance are used to determine the battery state of the battery pack. The preset first condition is that there are at least a preset number of acquisition point temperatures in the battery state data of the battery pack that exceed the preset temperature limit value, and the temperature limit value is greater than the preset temperature value. For example, the preset number is 2 and the temperature limit value is 80 °C; the preset second condition is that the voltage drop value in the battery state data of the battery pack exceeds the preset voltage drop limit value. For example, the voltage drop limit value is 25% of the initial voltage; the preset third condition is that the temperature rise rate in the battery state data of the battery pack exceeds the preset temperature rise rate limit value. For example, the temperature rise rate limit value is 1 °C / 3 s.

[0056] Refer to Figure 1For the battery status data uploaded by each first-level BMS 14 in the corresponding battery cluster, after receiving the battery status data, the second-level BMS 15 needs to determine whether the corresponding battery pack meets any one of the preset first condition, preset second condition, and preset third condition, or simultaneously meets the preset first condition, preset second condition, and preset third condition, so as to obtain the battery status sub-result of the corresponding battery pack. Among them, the battery status sub-result of the battery pack is one of the normal status result, abnormal status result, and thermal runaway status result. If it is determined according to the battery status data that the corresponding battery pack does not meet the preset first condition, preset second condition, and preset third condition at the same time, then the obtained battery status sub-result of the corresponding battery pack is the normal status result, and the normal status result is used to indicate that the battery status of the battery pack is in the normal status. If it is determined according to the battery status data that the corresponding battery pack only meets any one of the preset first condition, preset second condition, and preset third condition, then the obtained battery status sub-result of the corresponding battery pack is the abnormal status result, and the abnormal status result is used to indicate that the battery status of the battery pack is in the abnormal status. If it is determined according to the battery status data that the corresponding battery pack simultaneously meets the preset first condition, preset second condition, and preset third condition, then the obtained battery status sub-result of the corresponding battery pack is the thermal runaway status result, and the thermal runaway status result is used to indicate that the battery status of the battery pack is in the thermal runaway status, that is, the corresponding battery pack is in thermal runaway. The second-level BMS 15 obtains the battery status sub-result of each battery pack according to the battery status data uploaded by each first-level BMS 14 in the corresponding battery cluster, and forms the battery status sub-results of each battery pack into a battery status result, so as to make corresponding response controls according to the battery status result.

[0057] In one embodiment, the corresponding response control is performed based on the battery status result to control the corresponding dry alarm valve and the corresponding sub-control valve in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin to open when the battery pack in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin is in thermal runaway, including:

[0058] If the second-level BMS determines that there is a battery status sub-result in the battery status result that is the thermal runaway status result, it controls the cooling system in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin to be turned off and the energy storage converter to stop operating, and controls the corresponding dry alarm valve and the corresponding sub-control valve corresponding to the thermal runaway status result to open.

[0059] In this embodiment, the battery status result includes a battery status sub-result corresponding to each battery pack in the battery cluster, and the battery status sub-result is one of a normal status result, an abnormal status result, and a thermal runaway status result. Specifically, the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin also includes a cooling system (not shown) and an energy storage inverter (not shown). The cooling system is used to use liquid as a cooling medium and to remove the heat generated by the battery pack through circulating liquid. The energy storage inverter (PCS, Power Conversion System) can control the charging and discharging process of the battery, perform AC-DC conversion, and can directly supply power to AC loads when there is no power grid. See Figure 1 If the secondary BMS 15 determines that the battery status result contains a battery status sub-result of a thermal runaway status result, indicating that the corresponding battery cluster has a battery pack in thermal runaway, the cooling system in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin is controlled to be closed. If the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin is provided with an explosion-proof ventilation device (not shown) for reducing the concentration of combustibles, then the explosion-proof ventilation device needs to be controlled to be closed, and the energy storage converter needs to be shut down, and the dry alarm valve 11 and the sub-control valve 12 corresponding to the thermal runaway status result need to be controlled to be opened. Next, the coolant in the liquid cooling fire protection system 10 is injected into the thermal runaway battery pack through the primary water supply pipe 17, the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18 and the corresponding tertiary water supply pipe 19, so as to extinguish the thermal runaway battery pack with water fire protection. Since the fire extinguishing agent has been sprayed by the tubular direct fire extinguishing device 13 for preliminary fire fighting in the early stage of thermal runaway of the battery pack, and the cooling system has been shut down and the energy storage inverter has been shut down before the coolant is injected into the thermal runaway battery pack, it is helpful to avoid serious short circuit when using coolant for fire fighting.

[0060] In one embodiment, the corresponding response control is performed based on the battery status result, so as to control the corresponding dry alarm valve and the corresponding sub-control valve in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin to open when the battery pack in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin is thermally runaway, further comprising:

[0061] If the secondary BMS determines that a battery status sub-result in the battery status result is an abnormal status result, it outputs a passive switch signal to the switch box in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin, controls the energy storage inverter to shut down, and disconnects the main circuit breaker, cluster circuit breaker and contactor in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin in sequence according to a preset delay control strategy.

[0062] In this embodiment, see Figure 1, if the secondary BMS 15 determines that there is an abnormal state sub-result in the battery state result, that is, when it is detected that there is no battery pack in the corresponding battery cluster reaching thermal runaway, but the state of some battery packs is abnormal, the secondary BMS 15 outputs a passive switch signal to the switch box in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin to control the corresponding switch, controls the energy storage converter to stop, and disconnects the main circuit breaker, cluster circuit breaker, and contactor in the energy storage container in sequence according to the delay control strategy. Among them, the main circuit breaker refers to the main switch of the busbar cabinet in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin, the cluster circuit breaker refers to the main switch in the high-voltage box corresponding to the battery cluster in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin, and the contactor refers to the positive and negative main contactors of the high-voltage box in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin. The delay control strategy includes a first delay duration, a second delay duration, and a third delay duration. After the secondary BMS 15 controls the energy storage converter to stop, the main circuit breaker, cluster circuit breaker, and contactor in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin are disconnected when the first delay duration, second delay duration, and third delay duration are respectively reached. For example, the first delay duration, second delay duration, and third delay duration are 3s, 4s, and 4.5s respectively. After the secondary BMS 15 controls the energy storage converter to stop, the main circuit breaker in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin is disconnected after a delay of 3s, each cluster circuit breaker in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin is disconnected after a delay of 4s, and the contactor in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin is disconnected after a delay of 4.5s to better protect the battery pack.

[0063] S13. If the secondary BMS receives the alarm information uploaded by the corresponding dry alarm valve when monitoring the abnormal water supply state in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe, it uploads the alarm information to the tertiary BMS in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin.

[0064] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 1 , when the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin is in normal working conditions (i.e., non-thermal runaway state), the dry alarm valve 11 monitors the pressure change and water flow change in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18, so as to judge whether the water supply state in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18 is abnormal, so as to timely detect the water leakage problem in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18, thereby preventing system water leakage and ensuring the normal operation of the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin. If the dry alarm valve 11 monitors that the water supply state in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18 is abnormal, it means that there is a water leakage problem in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe 18, and the dry alarm valve 11 will report the alarm information to the secondary BMS 15 in time. At the same time, if the secondary BMS 15 receives the alarm information uploaded by the dry alarm valve 11, it will report the alarm information to the tertiary BMS 16 in time for display and recording, and prompt relevant personnel to carry out maintenance.

[0065] S14. The tertiary BMS displays and records the information to be displayed uploaded by each secondary BMS and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid cooling fire protection system in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin.

[0066] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 1 , the tertiary BMS 16 will display and record the information to be displayed uploaded by each secondary BMS 15 and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid-cooled fire protection system 10 for the relevant personnel to view. Among them, the information to be displayed uploaded by each secondary BMS 15 to the tertiary BMS 16 includes the battery status data received by each secondary BMS 15, the obtained battery status results, the response information for the corresponding response control, and the alarm information uploaded by the corresponding dry alarm valve 11.

[0067] In one embodiment, after step S14, it further includes:

[0068] The tertiary BMS sends the information to be displayed uploaded by each secondary BMS and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid-cooled fire protection system to the station-level fire protection host communicating with the tertiary BMS.

[0069] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 1 , the tertiary BMS 16 can also communicate with the station-level fire protection host, and can remotely operate the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin through the station-level fire protection host. The tertiary BMS 16 sends the information to be displayed uploaded by each secondary BMS 15 and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid-cooled fire protection system 10 to the station-level fire protection host. When the station-level fire protection host detects that there is a thermal runaway of a battery pack according to the received information and the corresponding secondary BMS 15 fails to make the corresponding response control, the station-level fire protection host can issue an instruction to the tertiary BMS 16 to remotely control the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin to perform fire protection actions on the corresponding thermally runaway battery pack.

[0070] The PACK-level composite fire protection method based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin provided by the embodiment of the present invention is used in any embodiment of the aforementioned PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin. After the tubular direct fire extinguishing device 13 initially extinguishes the fire in the early stage of the thermal runaway of the battery pack, and then the secondary BMS 15 controls the corresponding dry alarm valve 11 and the sub-control valve 12 to open to inject coolant into the thermally runaway battery pack when the battery pack has a thermal runaway, it can detect the battery thermal runaway early and prevent the spread of fire, can perform staged protection and dual protection, accurately extinguish the fire, will not affect the use performance of other battery packs, more effectively suppress the thermal runaway of the battery pack, and also greatly reduce the fire protection cost.

[0071] As described above, it is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A PACK-level composite fire protection system based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin, which is applied to the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin. The energy storage battery prefabricated cabin includes a plurality of battery clusters, and each battery cluster includes a plurality of battery packs; characterized in that, The PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin includes: a liquid cooling fire protection system, a number of dry alarm valves, a number of sub-control valves, a number of tube-type direct fire extinguishing devices, a number of first-level BMSs, a number of second-level BMSs, and a third-level BMS; An first-level water supply pipe is provided on the liquid cooling fire protection system. A number of second-level water supply pipes leading to each battery cluster are provided on the first-level water supply pipe. A corresponding dry alarm valve is provided on each second-level water supply pipe. A number of third-level water supply pipes leading to each battery pack in the corresponding battery cluster are also provided on each second-level water supply pipe. A corresponding sub-control valve is provided on each third-level water supply pipe. The liquid cooling fire protection system is also connected to each battery pack through a return water pipe. The liquid cooling fire protection system is communicatively connected to the third-level BMS; For each battery cluster among the number of battery clusters, a corresponding tube-type direct fire extinguishing device and a corresponding first-level BMS are provided on each battery pack in the battery cluster. The first-level BMSs on all battery packs in the battery cluster are communicatively connected to the corresponding second-level BMS. The second-level BMS is communicatively connected to the third-level BMS. The second-level BMS is also communicatively connected to the corresponding dry alarm valve and sub-control valve; Among them, the tube-type direct fire extinguishing device is used to spray fire extinguishing agent when the temperature of the corresponding battery pack is detected to reach the preset temperature value. The first-level BMS is used to collect the battery state data of the corresponding battery pack and upload it to the corresponding second-level BMS. The second-level BMS is used to obtain the battery state result based on the battery state data uploaded by each first-level BMS in the corresponding battery cluster, and perform corresponding response control based on the battery state result to control the corresponding dry alarm valve and the corresponding sub-control valve to open when the battery pack is in thermal runaway. The second-level BMS is also used to receive and upload the alarm information uploaded by the corresponding dry alarm valve when the water supply state in the corresponding second-level water supply pipe is monitored to be abnormal to the third-level BMS. The third-level BMS is used to display and record the information to be displayed uploaded by each second-level BMS and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid cooling fire protection system.

2. The PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin according to claim 1, wherein, The liquid cooling fire protection system also includes a liquid cooling water tank and a float valve. The liquid cooling water tank is connected to the first-level water supply pipe and the return water pipe. The float valve is arranged in the liquid cooling water tank and is communicatively connected to the third-level BMS to feed back the liquid level information to the third-level BMS.

3. The PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin according to claim 2, wherein The liquid cooling fire protection system also includes a make-up water pump, a control valve, and a standby water tank. The liquid cooling water tank is connected to the standby water tank through a pipeline. The make-up water pump is arranged on the pipeline. The control valve is arranged on the pipeline and is located between the make-up water pump and the standby water tank; Among them, the float valve is also communicatively connected to the number of second-level BMSs. The number of second-level BMSs is also used to control the make-up water pump and the control valve according to the liquid level information uploaded by the float valve.

4. The PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin according to claim 2, wherein, A liquid filling hole is also provided on the liquid cooling water tank.

5. The PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin according to claim 1, wherein, For each of the plurality of tube-type direct fire extinguishing devices, the tube-type direct fire extinguishing device includes a tube assembly, perfluoromethylcyclohexanone fire extinguishing agent disposed within the tube assembly, and a heat-sensitive detection glass bulb disposed on the tube assembly; the tube assembly is disposed within a corresponding battery pack.

6. A PACK-level composite fire protection method based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin, applied to the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on an energy storage battery prefabricated cabin according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method includes: The primary BMS in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin collects the battery state data of the corresponding battery pack and uploads it to the corresponding secondary BMS in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin; The secondary BMS obtains a battery state result based on the battery state data uploaded by each primary BMS within the corresponding battery cluster, and performs corresponding response control based on the battery state result to control the corresponding dry alarm valve and the corresponding sub-control valve in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin to open when a battery pack in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin undergoes thermal runaway; If the secondary BMS receives alarm information uploaded by the corresponding dry alarm valve when the water supply state in the corresponding secondary water supply pipe is abnormal, the secondary BMS uploads the alarm information to the tertiary BMS in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin; The tertiary BMS displays and records the information to be displayed uploaded by each secondary BMS and the liquid level information fed back by the liquid cooling fire protection system in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin.

7. The PACK-level composite fire protection method based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin according to claim 6, characterized in that, The secondary BMS obtaining a battery state result based on the battery state data uploaded by each primary BMS within the corresponding battery cluster includes: For the battery state data uploaded by each primary BMS within the battery cluster corresponding to the secondary BMS, the secondary BMS receives the battery state data; If the secondary BMS determines based on the battery state data that the corresponding battery pack meets any one of a preset first condition, a preset second condition, and a preset third condition, the secondary BMS obtains the battery state sub-result of the corresponding battery pack as an abnormal state result; If the secondary BMS determines based on the battery state data that the corresponding battery pack simultaneously meets the preset first condition, the preset second condition, and the preset third condition, the secondary BMS obtains the battery state sub-result of the corresponding battery pack as a thermal runaway state result; The secondary BMS obtains the battery state sub-results of each battery pack within the corresponding battery cluster to form the battery state result; Wherein, the battery state data includes the voltage drop value, temperature rise rate, and temperatures at multiple collection points of the corresponding battery pack; the preset first condition is that there are at least a preset number of collection point temperatures in the battery state data of the battery pack exceeding a preset temperature limit value; the preset second condition is that the voltage drop value in the battery state data of the battery pack exceeds a preset voltage drop limit value; the preset third condition is that the temperature rise rate in the battery state data of the battery pack exceeds a preset temperature rise rate limit value.

8. The PACK-level composite fire-fighting method based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin according to claim 7, characterized in that, Performing corresponding response control based on the battery state result to control the opening of the corresponding dry alarm valve and the corresponding sub-control valve in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin when a battery pack in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin undergoes thermal runaway, including: If the secondary BMS determines that there is a battery state sub-result in the battery state result as a thermal runaway state result, it controls the cooling system in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin to shut down and the energy storage converter to stop operating, and controls the opening of the corresponding dry alarm valve and the corresponding sub-control valve corresponding to the thermal runaway state result.

9. The PACK-level composite fire protection method based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin according to claim 8, characterized in that, When performing corresponding response control based on the battery state result to control the opening of the corresponding dry alarm valve and the corresponding sub-control valve in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin when a battery pack in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin undergoes thermal runaway, it further includes: If the secondary BMS determines that there is a battery state sub-result in the battery state result as an abnormal state result, it outputs a passive switch quantity signal to the switch box in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin, controls the energy storage converter to stop operating, and sequentially disconnects the main circuit breaker, cluster circuit breaker, and contactor in the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin according to a preset delay control strategy.

10. The PACK-level composite fire protection method based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin according to claim 6, characterized in that, After the step of the tertiary BMS in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin displaying and recording the information to be displayed uploaded by each secondary BMS and the information uploaded by the liquid cooling fire protection system in the PACK-level composite fire protection system based on the energy storage battery prefabricated cabin, it further includes: The tertiary BMS sends the information to be displayed uploaded by each secondary BMS and the liquid level information feedback by the liquid cooling fire protection system to the station-level fire protection host communicating with the tertiary BMS.

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