Amplitude-phase decoupling metasurface
Through the combination of graphene adjustable structure and PIN diode, the amplitude phase decoupling of electromagnetic waves is achieved, solving the problem that traditional metasurfaces cannot independently control the amplitude and phase, and achieving efficient control of electromagnetic waves.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410093214.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-25
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, traditional electromagnetic metasurfaces are difficult to independently control the amplitude and phase, resulting in the inability to effectively control the electromagnetic waves.
The design of combining graphene adjustable structure and PIN diode is adopted to control the amplitude and the diode controls the phase to achieve amplitude phase decoupling.
It realizes 1-bit phase regulation and dynamic adjustment of amplitude, which can efficiently and independently control the amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves, and has a simple structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN120376946A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic metamaterials, and particularly to a decoupled amplitude-phase metamaterial. Background Art
[0002] Electromagnetic metamaterials are materials with special microstructures that can precisely control electromagnetic waves and have broad application prospects in directions such as communication, radar, and antennas. Traditional electromagnetic metamaterials often have difficulty achieving complete decoupling of amplitude and phase when adjusting the amplitude and phase of propagating waves, that is, they cannot independently control the amplitude and phase, which limits the performance and effects of traditional electromagnetic metamaterials in some applications.
[0003] In response to the limitations of traditional metamaterials, a decoupled amplitude-phase metamaterial is proposed, aiming to achieve more flexible and efficient electromagnetic wave control. By decoupling the amplitude and phase of propagating waves, the decoupled amplitude-phase metamaterial is expected to exhibit better performance in multiple frequency bands and application scenarios. In the current technological development, the research and application of decoupled amplitude-phase metamaterials are increasingly attracting the attention of the academic and industrial communities. However, there is currently no technical path to realize the decoupled amplitude-phase metamaterial in the microwave field, resulting in the inability to effectively control electromagnetic waves. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that there is currently no technical path to realize the decoupled amplitude-phase metamaterial, resulting in the inability to effectively control electromagnetic waves, and a decoupled amplitude-phase metamaterial is proposed.
[0005] A decoupled amplitude-phase metamaterial includes: from top to bottom, it includes: a graphene tunable structure, a foam board layer, a first metal patch, a second metal patch, a first substrate layer, a metal ground, an adhesive layer, and a second substrate layer;
[0006] The graphene tunable structure includes: from top to bottom, it includes: a first liner layer, a first graphene layer, an ionic liquid layer, a second graphene layer, and a second liner layer; the first liner layer and the second liner layer are PVC liners; square holes are provided at the centers of the first graphene layer and the second graphene layer; the ionic liquid layer is a diaphragm paper filled with ionic liquid; the height of the ionic liquid layer is h s2 ;
[0007] The first metal patch and the second metal patch are disposed on the upper surface of the first substrate layer; the first metal patch and the second metal patch are connected by a diode; a third square metal patch with a side length of tw2 is further disposed on the upper surface of the first substrate layer, and the third square metal patch is connected to the second metal patch through an inductor; the second metal conductive column passes through the first substrate layer, the metal ground, the adhesive layer, and the second substrate layer, and one end is connected to the DC control circuit, and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the third square metal patch; the metal ground is a metal plate; the first metal conductive column passes through the first substrate layer, and one end is connected to the upper surface of the metal ground, and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the first metal patch.
[0008] Further, the Pcb process is adopted for connection between every two adjacent layers in the amplitude-phase decoupled metasurface.
[0009] Further, the upper surfaces of the first graphene layer and the second graphene layer are squares with a side length of W s1 ; the side lengths of the square holes at the centers of the first graphene layer and the second graphene layer are W s2 .
[0010] Further, the foam board layer is a cuboid foam board with a dielectric constant of 1.06, a loss tangent of 0.0006, and a thickness of h1.
[0011] Further, both the first metal patch and the second metal patch are rectangular metal patches with a width of tw1 and a length of tw3.
[0012] Further, the diode is SMP1340 of SKYWORKS.
[0013] Further, the inductor is 0402DC-4NX of Coilcaft.
[0014] Further, the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer are cuboid substrates of model Wangling F4BTM300 with a loss tangent of 0.018; the thickness of the first substrate layer is h2, and the thickness of the second substrate layer is h3.
[0015] Further, the adhesive layer is a prepreg Rogers RO4450F.
[0016] Further, W s1 > tw3 > W s2 > tw1 > h1 > h2 > tw2 > h3 > h s2 > h s1 .
[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
[0018] The proposed amplitude-phase decoupled metasurface of the present invention uses the combined regulation of graphene and PIN diodes to achieve 1-bit regulation of phase and dynamically adjustable amplitude. In the present invention, a diode is placed between two metal patches, and the on-off state of the diode is used to affect the current distribution of the metal patches, thereby generating different phase responses. Graphene is used to achieve the wave absorption function, so that the amplitude regulation and phase regulation are independent of each other, realizing amplitude-phase decoupling. The present invention can achieve the dynamic switching of phase between 0° and 180° only by using one diode, and the switching of the reflection S11 amplitude between 0.4 and 0.85 is achieved by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene. Moreover, the regulation of amplitude and phase in the present invention is independent of each other. The amplitude-phase decoupled metasurface designed in the present invention has a simple structure and can efficiently control electromagnetic waves. Description of the Drawings
[0019] Figure 1 It is the overall three-dimensional view of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of the graphene adjustable structure;
[0021] Figure 3 It is the top view of the graphene layer;
[0022] Figure 4 It is the left view of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the metal ground;
[0024] Figure 6 It is the top view of the layer composed of metal patches, diodes, and inductors;
[0025] Figure 7 It is the curve graph of the S11 amplitude change when the Fermi level of graphene is 0 eV - 0.9 eV in the off state of the diode;
[0026] Figure 8 It is the curve graph of the S11 phase change when the Fermi level of graphene is 0 eV - 0.8 eV in the off state of the diode;
[0027] Figure 9 It is the curve graph of the S11 amplitude change when the Fermi level of graphene is 0 eV - 0.9 eV in the on state of the diode;
[0028] Figure 10 It is the curve graph of the S11 phase change when the Fermi level of graphene is 0 eV - 0.8 eV in the on state of the diode;
[0029] Figure 11 It is the curve graph of the phase change caused by the diode switch;
[0030] Figure 12 It is the schematic diagram of the metasurface simulation test;
[0031] Figure 13 Gain diagram of the radiation wave at 0° angle when the Fermi level of graphene is 0 eV - 0.9 eV.
[0032] Figure 14 Gain diagram of the radiation wave at 15° angle when the Fermi level of graphene is 0 eV - 0.9 eV.
[0033] Figure 15 Gain diagram of the radiation wave at 30° angle when the Fermi level of graphene is 0 eV - 0.9 eV. Detailed implementation manners
[0034] Detailed implementation manner 1: As Figure 1 、 Figure 4 shown, a phase-amplitude decoupled metasurface in this implementation manner includes, from top to bottom in sequence: a graphene tunable structure 1, a foam board layer 2, a first metal patch 3, a second metal patch 4, a first substrate layer 5, a metal ground 6, an adhesive layer 7, and a second substrate layer 8; the adjacent layers of the phase-amplitude decoupled metasurface are closely attached by means of Pcb process machining; the upper and lower surfaces of the graphene tunable structure 1, the foam board layer 2, the first substrate layer 5, the metal ground 6, the adhesive layer 7, and the second substrate layer 8 are all of the same size;
[0035] The upper surface of the phase-amplitude decoupled metasurface is a square with a side length of P;
[0036] The graphene tunable structure 1 is the topmost layer of the phase-amplitude decoupled metasurface, as Figure 2-3 shown; the graphene tunable structure 1 includes, from top to bottom in sequence: a first liner layer 9, a first graphene layer 10, an ionic liquid layer 11, a second graphene layer 12, and a second liner layer 13;
[0037] The first liner layer 9 and the second liner layer 13 are cuboid PVC liners with a height of h s1 ; the first graphene layer 10 and the second graphene layer 12 are square graphenes with a side length of W s1 , and a square hole with a side length of W s2 is provided at the center of the first graphene layer 10 and the second graphene layer 12; the ionic liquid layer 11 is a diaphragm paper filled with ionic liquid; the height of the ionic liquid layer 11 is h s2 ;
[0038] The foam board layer 2 is a cuboid foam board with a dielectric constant of 1.06, a loss tangent of 0.0006, and a thickness of h1; the contact surface size of the foam board layer 2 and the graphene tunable structure 1 is the same;
[0039] The first metal patch 3 and the second metal patch 4 are disposed on the upper surface of the first substrate layer 5; both the first metal patch 3 and the second metal patch 4 are rectangular metal patches with a width of tw1 and a length of tw3; the first metal patch 3 is connected to the second metal patch 4 through a diode; the PIN diode uses SMP1340 of SKYWORKS; on the upper surface of the first substrate layer 5, there is also a third square metal patch with a side length of tw2, and the third square metal patch is connected to the second metal patch 4 through an inductor; the inductor uses 0402DC-4NX of Coilcaft; the adhesive layer 7 is a prepreg and uses RO4450F of Rogers. The second metal conductive post passes through the first substrate layer 5, the metal ground 6, the adhesive layer 7, and the second substrate layer 8, and one end is connected to the DC control circuit and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the third square metal patch, as Figure 6 shown;
[0040] The first substrate layer 5 and the second substrate layer 8 are cuboid substrates of Wangling F4BTM300 with a loss tangent of 0.018; the thickness of the first substrate layer 5 is h2, and the thickness of the second substrate layer 8 is h3; the metal ground 6 is a cuboid metal plate, as Figure 5 shown; on the metal ground 6, there is a circular through-hole with a diameter of Dw for passing through the second metal conductive post; the first metal conductive post passes through the first substrate layer 5, and one end is connected to the upper surface of the metal ground 6 and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the first metal patch 3; the diameter of the second metal conductive post is smaller than the diameter of the circular through-hole on the metal ground 6. P > W s1 > tw3 > W s2 > tw1 > h1 > h2 > tw2 > D w > h3 > h s2 > h s1 . The specific numerical values of the parameters set in the present invention are shown in Table 1:
[0041] Table 1
[0042]
[0043] Principle description: The designed 1 graphene pattern of the present invention is respectively imprinted on two PVC substrates. The two PVC substrates are separated by a diaphragm paper, and an ionic liquid is injected into the diaphragm paper. A voltage is applied to the two layers of graphene to adjust the chemical potential of the graphene. The change in the chemical potential of graphene will cause its surface impedance to change between 50 ohms and 2400 ohms. In the case of low impedance, graphene will absorb more energy, and in the case of high impedance, it will absorb less energy, thus realizing dynamic adjustment of amplitude. The first metal patch is grounded through a metal post, and the second metal patch is connected to the control circuit through an inductor. The inductor can play the role of passing direct current and blocking alternating current, thereby blocking the influence of the direct current path on the metasurface structure. A diode is placed between the two metals. The on-off of the diode affects the current distribution of the metal patch, thereby generating different phase responses. Since the phase is caused by the on-off of the switching diode and has nothing to do with the upper-layer graphene, the amplitude regulation and phase regulation can be independent of each other, realizing amplitude-phase decoupling.
[0044] Embodiment: To verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, a simulation test was carried out in this embodiment, and the results are as follows:
[0045] As Figure 7 shown, in the on state of the diode, as the Fermi level of graphene increases, the energy absorbed by the metasurface gradually increases, and the amplitude of the reflected electromagnetic wave decreases. As Figure 8 shown, in the on state of the diode, as the Fermi level of graphene increases, the phase of the reflected electromagnetic wave remains basically unchanged. As Figure 9 shown, in the off state of the diode, as the Fermi level of graphene increases, the energy absorbed by the metasurface gradually increases, and the amplitude of the reflected electromagnetic wave decreases. As Figure 10 shown, in the on state of the diode, as the Fermi level of graphene increases, the phase of the reflected electromagnetic wave remains basically unchanged. Figure 7-10 It proves the function of the metasurface to independently regulate the phase and amplitude of electromagnetic waves; as Figure 11 shown, as the Fermi level of graphene is 0 eV, in the on and off states of the diode, the phases of the reflected electromagnetic waves basically satisfy a 180° phase difference. As Figure 12 shown, in order to verify the function of the metasurface to independently regulate amplitude and phase, a simulation array was established. The array consists of 16*16 units and is fed by a horn. As Figure 13 -15, at 9 GHz, when the radiation directions are 0°, 15°, and 30°, as the Fermi level of graphene increases, the beam direction remains unchanged, but the beam energy decreases, which fully shows that the metasurface of the present invention realizes amplitude-phase decoupling.
Claims
1. A phase-amplitude decoupled metasurface, characterized in that The metasurface sequentially includes, from top to bottom: a graphene tunable structure (1), a foam board layer (2), a first metal patch (3), a second metal patch (4), a first substrate layer (5), a metal ground (6), an adhesive layer (7), and a second substrate layer (8); The adjustable graphene structure (1) sequentially includes, from top to bottom: a first lining layer (9), a first graphene layer (10), an ionic liquid layer (11), a second graphene layer (12), and a second lining layer (13); the first lining layer (9) and the second lining layer (13) are PVC linings; square holes are provided at the centers of the first graphene layer (10) and the second graphene layer (12); the ionic liquid layer (11) is a diaphragm paper filled with ionic liquid; the height of the ionic liquid layer (11) is h s2 ; The first metal patch (3) and the second metal patch (4) are disposed on the upper surface of the first substrate layer (5); the first metal patch (3) is connected to the second metal patch (4) through a diode; a third square metal patch with a side length of tw2 is further disposed on the upper surface of the first substrate layer (5), and the third square metal patch is connected to the second metal patch (4) through an inductor; the second metal conductive column passes through the first substrate layer (5), the metal ground (6), the adhesive layer (7), and the second substrate layer (8), and one end thereof is connected to a DC control circuit, and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the third square metal patch; the metal ground (6) is a metal plate; the first metal conductive column passes through the first substrate layer (5), and one end thereof is connected to the upper surface of the metal ground (6), and the other end is connected to the lower surface of the first metal patch (3).
2. The amplitude-phase decoupled metasurface according to claim 1, wherein: The Pcb process is used for connection between every two adjacent layers in the amplitude-phase decoupled metasurface.
3. The amplitude-phase decoupled metasurface according to claim 2, wherein: The upper surfaces of the first graphene layer (10) and the second graphene layer (12) are squares with side length W s1 ; the side length of the square hole at the center of the first graphene layer (10) and the second graphene layer (12) is W s2 .
4. The amplitude-phase decoupled metasurface according to claim 3, wherein: The foam board layer (2) is a rectangular foam board with a dielectric constant of 1.06, a loss tangent of 0.0006, and a thickness of h1.
5. A phase-amplitude decoupled metasurface according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both the first metal patch (3) and the second metal patch (4) are rectangular metal patches with a width of tw1 and a length of tw3.
6. The amplitude-phase decoupled metasurface according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diode is SMP1340 of SKYWORKS.
7. The amplitude-phase decoupled metasurface according to claim 6, wherein: The inductor is 0402DC-4NX of Coilcaft.
8. The amplitude-phase decoupled metasurface according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first substrate layer (5) and the second substrate layer (8) are rectangular substrates of model Wangling F4BTM300 with a loss tangent of 0.018; the thickness of the first substrate layer (5) is h2, and the thickness of the second substrate layer (8) is h3.
9. The amplitude-phase decoupled metasurface according to claim 8, wherein: The adhesive layer (7) is a prepreg Rogers RO4450F.
10. A phase-amplitude decoupled metasurface according to claim 9, characterized in that: W s1 >tw3>W s2 >tw1>h1>h2>tw2>h3>h s2 >h s1 。