Nano generator and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of nano-generators, and particularly discloses a nano-generator and a preparation method thereof, and the nano-generator comprises an insulating layer; the electrode is arranged on one side of the insulating layer; the wave-making water tank is arranged on one side, far away from the electrode, of the insulating layer; the needle electrode is arranged on the upper portion of the wave making water tank through a support, the support is fixed to the wave making water tank, and the needle electrode is electrically connected with the electrode; and the liquid is arranged in the wave-making water tank. Therefore, according to the nano-generator, the wear and sealing requirements are reduced, and the output performance is improved at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of nanogenerators, and particularly relates to nanogenerators and their preparation methods. Background Art

[0002] The ocean contains huge amounts of energy, including wave energy, tidal energy, ocean current energy, etc. Among them, wave energy has the advantages of all-weather, wide geographical adaptability, high energy density, and zero carbon emissions, providing new possibilities for alleviating the energy crisis and climate change. Due to their small size, simple structure, diverse materials, and the ability to collect low-frequency mechanical energy from the environment, nanogenerators have been widely studied and applied to collect low-frequency wave energy. Nanogenerators are mainly divided into two types: solid-solid interface and liquid-solid interface. Solid-solid nanogenerators use a sealed mechanical structure to make the solid friction layers move relative to each other due to wave undulation, and then generate electricity by friction; liquid-solid nanogenerators directly generate electricity by making waves come into contact with the friction material. Compared with solid-solid nanogenerators, liquid-solid nanogenerators can effectively reduce the surface wear of the friction material, have lower sealing requirements, longer service life, and lower manufacturing costs, and have great advantages in collecting wave energy. However, most conventional liquid-solid nanogenerators for collecting wave energy generate electricity using interface effects, with relatively small output voltage and current. Therefore, it is necessary to design a high-output liquid-solid nanogenerator for collecting wave energy. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. For this purpose, this application proposes a nanogenerator with relatively high output performance and its preparation method.

[0004] In the first aspect of this application, a nanogenerator is proposed, including: an insulating layer; an electrode disposed on one side of the insulating layer; a wave-making water tank disposed on the side of the insulating layer away from the electrode; a needle electrode, the needle electrode is disposed above the wave-making water tank through a support, the support is fixed on the wave-making water tank, and the needle electrode is electrically connected to the electrode; a liquid disposed inside the wave-making water tank. Thus, this nanogenerator has strong power generation ability and extremely broad application scenarios.

[0005] In addition, the above nanogenerator according to this application may also have the following additional technical features:

[0006] In some embodiments of this application, the insulating layer includes an insulating solid material and / or a conductive material with an insulating material coated on its surface; in some other embodiments of this application, the insulating layer includes fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer and / or polytetrafluoroethylene. Thus, the insulating layer has a wide range of material sources and low cost, which is beneficial to triboelectrification and improves the output performance.

[0007] In some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.01 mm to 10 mm. When the thickness of the insulating layer is within an appropriate range, it is beneficial to reduce its capacitance value while ensuring sufficient electric field strength inside, thereby improving the output performance of the nanogenerator.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present application, the wave-making flume comprises an insulating solid material or a conductive material with an insulating material coated on its surface; in some other embodiments of the present application, the wave-making flume is an acrylic flume. Thus, the material source of the wave-making flume is wide, the cost is low, and it has good durability.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present application, the material of the needle electrode comprises a conductive material; in some other embodiments of the present application, the material of the needle electrode is stainless steel. Thus, the needle electrode has good electrical conductivity and good corrosion resistance, and is suitable for long-term use in liquids.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present application, the liquid comprises at least one of pure water, ionic liquid, solution, rainwater, and seawater. Thus, the nanogenerator can be applied to multiple scenarios.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present application, the minimum distance between the needle electrode and the insulating layer is less than or equal to the length of the wave-making flume. Thus, the needle electrode can be selected at a wide range of positions.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present application, the height of the end of the needle electrode away from the support is higher than the liquid level and lower than or equal to the maximum height that the liquid can reach on the insulating layer. Thus, it is beneficial for the needle electrode to output voltage and current to the external circuit.

[0013] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a nanogenerator, comprising:

[0014] Bonding an electrode to one side of the insulating layer;

[0015] Bonding the wave-making flume to the side of the insulating layer away from the electrode;

[0016] Fixing the needle electrode to the upper part of the wave-making flume through a support, the support being fixed on the wave-making flume, and the needle electrode being electrically connected to the electrode;

[0017] Adding liquid to the wave-making flume to obtain the nanogenerator.

[0018] The nanogenerator is prepared by the above method in the present application. This method is simple to operate, has a low manufacturing cost, and the prepared nanogenerator has a high output voltage and current, effectively improving the power generation ability of the liquid-solid nanogenerator for wave energy collection.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present application, the preparation method further includes: performing surface treatment on the insulating layer, and the surface treatment includes at least one of triboelectric charging, ion gun charging, electrostatic electret, surface etching of micro-nano structures, and surface chemical modification. Thereby, it is beneficial to enhance charge separation and improve the output performance of the nanogenerator.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present application, it further includes: performing surface modification on the needle electrode, and the surface modification includes hydrophobic treatment. Thereby, the triboelectric effect at the liquid-solid interface can be enhanced, and the efficiency of charge separation and the output performance of the nanogenerator can be improved.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the following description, become apparent in part from the following description, or be learned through the practice of the present application. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the nanogenerator of the present application.

[0023] Figure 2 is a flowchart of the preparation of the nanogenerator of the present application.

[0024] Figure 3 is a voltage curve graph generated by the power generation of the nanogenerator of the present application.

[0025] Figure 4 is a current curve graph generated by the power generation of the nanogenerator of the present application.

[0026] Reference numerals: 1 - insulating layer, 2 - electrode, 3 - wave-making water tank, 4 - support, 5 - needle electrode, 6 - liquid. Detailed Embodiments

[0027] The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, but there may be cases where unnecessary detailed descriptions are omitted. For example, there may be cases where detailed descriptions of well-known matters are omitted and repeated descriptions of actually identical structures are omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily long and to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art. In addition, the drawings and the following description are provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application and are not intended to limit the subject matter recited in the claims.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used in this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; unless otherwise stated, the numerical values of the various parameters mentioned in this application can be measured by various common measurement methods in the art (for example, they can be tested according to the methods given in the embodiments of this application).

[0029] The terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application are open-ended expressions, that is, they include the content specified in this application, but do not exclude other aspects of the content.

[0030] In the description of this application, whether or not words such as "about" or "approximately" are used, all the numbers disclosed herein are approximate values. There may be a difference of less than 10% in the numerical value of each number or a reasonable difference considered by those skilled in the art, such as a difference of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% or 5%.

[0031] The "range" disclosed in this application is defined in the form of a lower limit and an upper limit. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundary of the specific range. The range defined in this way can include or not include the end values, and can be combined arbitrarily, that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60-120 and 80-110 are listed for a specific parameter, ranges of 60-110 and 80-120 are also contemplated. In addition, if the minimum range values 1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range values 3, 4 and 5 are listed, then the following ranges are all contemplated: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "a-b" represents an abbreviated representation of any real number combination between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0-5" means that all real numbers between "0-5" have been fully listed herein, and "0-5" is only an abbreviated representation of these numerical combinations. In addition, when it is stated that a certain parameter is an integer ≥2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, the integers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0032] In this application, the writing order of each step does not mean a strict execution order that imposes any limitation on the implementation process. The specific execution order of each step should be determined by its function and possible internal logic. Without special instructions, all steps of this application can be carried out sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, when it is stated that the method includes steps (a) and (b), it means that the method may include steps (a) and (b) carried out sequentially, or may also include steps (b) and (a) carried out sequentially. For another example, when it is mentioned that the method may further include step (c), it means that step (c) can be added to the method in any order. For example, the method may include steps (a), (b), and (c), or may also include steps (a), (c), and (b), or may include steps (c), (a), and (b), etc.

[0033] Without special instructions, all embodiments and optional embodiments of this application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.

[0034] Without special instructions, all technical features and optional technical features of this application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions.

[0035] In the first aspect of this application, a nanogenerator is proposed. Referring to Figure 1 , this generator includes: an insulating layer 1; an electrode 2 disposed on one side of the insulating layer 1; a wave-making water tank 3 disposed on the side of the insulating layer 1 away from the electrode 2; a needle electrode 5, the needle electrode 5 is disposed above the wave-making water tank 3 through a support 4, the support 4 is fixed on the wave-making water tank 3, and the needle electrode 5 is electrically connected to the electrode 2; a liquid 6 disposed inside the wave-making water tank 3. In this application, by directly causing the liquid to fluctuate and generate static electricity through friction with the insulating layer, the power generation ability is improved by utilizing the bulk effect, the surface wear of the insulating layer can be effectively reduced, the sealing requirement is relatively low, and it has a longer service life and lower manufacturing cost.

[0036] In a nanogenerator, the bulk effect and the interface effect are two different energy conversion mechanisms. The interface effect refers to the influence of the interaction between the material surface or interfaces on the energy conversion performance. The energy conversion is usually limited to the surface region and the efficiency is relatively low. While the bulk effect refers to the influence of the characteristics of the material inside (not just the surface or interfaces) on the power generation performance, which can make more full use of the charges inside the material to generate electrical output, showing a significant improvement compared with the interface effect.

[0037] In some embodiments of this application, the insulating layer includes an insulating solid material and / or a conductive material with an insulating material coated on its surface; in some other embodiments of this application, the insulating layer includes fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer and / or polytetrafluoroethylene. Thus, the material source of the insulating layer is wide and the cost is low, which is beneficial to triboelectrification and improves the output performance.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the insulating layer is 0.01 mm to 10 mm, and for example, it can be 0.01 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, 8 mm or 10 mm, etc. When the thickness of the insulating layer is within an appropriate range, it is beneficial to reduce its capacitance value while ensuring sufficient electric field strength inside, thereby improving the output performance of the nanogenerator.

[0039] In some embodiments of the present application, the wave-making water tank includes an insulating solid material or a conductive material with an insulating material coated on its surface, and for example, it can be a glass water tank or an ordinary plastic water tank; in some other embodiments of the present application, the wave-making water tank is an acrylic water tank. Thus, the material source of the wave-making water tank is wide, the cost is low, and it has good durability.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present application, the material of the needle electrode includes a conductive material; in some other embodiments of the present application, the material of the needle electrode is stainless steel. Thus, the needle electrode has good electrical conductivity and good corrosion resistance, and is suitable for long-term use in liquids.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present application, the needle electrode is electrically connected to the electrode through a wire, and the electrode and the wire include a conductive material; specifically, the materials of the electrode and the wire are copper. Since the resistivity of copper is extremely low, it can efficiently transmit charges, reduce energy loss, and improve the output performance.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present application, the liquid includes at least one of pure water, ionic liquid, solution, rainwater, and seawater. Thus, the nanogenerator can be applied to various scenarios.

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, the minimum distance between the needle electrode and the insulating layer is less than or equal to the length of the wave-making water tank. It can be understood that the position where the needle electrode can be selected is relatively wide. The needle electrode can be in contact with the insulating layer or away from the insulating layer, and can be flexibly selected according to specific needs.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present application, the height of the end of the needle electrode away from the support is higher than the liquid level and lower than or equal to the highest height that the liquid can reach on the insulating layer. It can be understood that the position of the end of the needle electrode away from the support (i.e., the tip part of the needle electrode) should be between the calm liquid surface and the highest point that the wave can reach, so that the voltage and current can be output to the external circuit through the needle electrode.

[0045] The second aspect of the present application provides a preparation method of a nanogenerator, including:

[0046] S1: Bond the electrode to one side of the insulating layer.

[0047] In this step, an electrode can be pasted on the back of the insulating layer after cleaning and surface treatment.

[0048] Furthermore, the surface treatment of the insulating layer includes at least one of triboelectric charging, ion gun charging, electrostatic electret, surface etching of micro-nano structures, and surface chemical modification. Thereby, it is beneficial to enhance charge separation and improve the output performance of the nanogenerator.

[0049] S2: Bond the wave-making water tank to the side of the insulating layer away from the electrode.

[0050] Among them, the wave-making water tank is placed on the linear motor and moves back and forth left and right to simulate the generation of waves.

[0051] S3: Fix the needle electrode on the upper part of the wave-making water tank through a support. The support is fixed on the wave-making water tank, and the needle electrode is electrically connected to the electrode.

[0052] Specifically, the base can be installed on the wave-making water tank and the needle electrode is inserted. The position where the needle electrode is inserted into the support is not specifically limited and can be flexibly selected according to specific needs.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present application, the needle electrode can also be surface-modified, and the surface modification includes hydrophobic treatment. Thereby, the triboelectric effect at the liquid-solid interface can be enhanced, and the efficiency of charge separation and the output performance of the nanogenerator can be improved.

[0054] S4: Add liquid to the wave-making water tank to obtain the nanogenerator.

[0055] It can be understood that after the liquid is added to the wave-making water tank, it will move back and forth left and right together with the wave-making water tank to simulate the generation of waves. The waves generate electricity by friction with the insulating layer and are output through the needle electrode, thereby forming a high-output open nanogenerator.

[0056] As an example, referring to Figure 2 , the specific preparation method of the nanogenerator includes the following steps:

[0057] (1) Cut the insulating layer;

[0058] (2) Clean the insulating layer and perform surface treatment;

[0059] (3) Bond the electrode to the insulating layer;

[0060] (4) Bond and assemble the insulating layer and the wave-making water tank to form a triboelectric power generation device for collecting wave energy;

[0061] (5) Install the support on the wave-making water tank and insert the needle electrode;

[0062] (6) Add liquid to the wave-making water tank to form a nanogenerator.

[0063] The nanogenerator is prepared by the above method in this application. This method is simple to operate and has a relatively low manufacturing cost. Its larger output voltage and output current have extremely strong power advantages and extremely broad application scenarios.

[0064] The solution of this application will be described below through specific embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate this application and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of this application.

[0065] Embodiment 1

[0066] (1) Cut polytetrafluoroethylene and perform ultrasonic cleaning. The thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene is 10 mm;

[0067] (2) Charge the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene using an ion gun;

[0068] (3) Bond an electrode (made of copper) to the bottom of the polytetrafluoroethylene;

[0069] (4) Bond the ultrasonically cleaned and surface-treated polytetrafluoroethylene to an acrylic water tank to form a wave power generation device;

[0070] (5) Install the needle electrode on the acrylic water tank through a support;

[0071] (6) Add the driving liquid (pure water) to the wave power generation device to form a nanogenerator. The voltage and current generated by this nanogenerator are as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown.

[0072] Embodiment 2

[0073] (1) Cut polytetrafluoroethylene and perform ultrasonic cleaning. The thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene is 5 mm;

[0074] (2) Charge the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene using frictional charging;

[0075] (3) Bond an electrode (made of copper) to the bottom of the polytetrafluoroethylene;

[0076] (4) Bond the ultrasonically cleaned and surface-treated polytetrafluoroethylene to an acrylic water tank to form a wave power generation device;

[0077] (5) Install the needle electrode on the acrylic water tank through a support;

[0078] (6) Add the driving liquid to the wave power generation device to form a nanogenerator.

[0079] Embodiment 3

[0080] (1) Cut the fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer and perform ultrasonic cleaning. The thickness of the fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer is 0.01 mm;

[0081] (2) Use an ion gun to charge the surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene;

[0082] (3) Bond an electrode (made of copper) to the bottom of the fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer;

[0083] (4) Bond the ultrasonically cleaned and surface-treated fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer to an acrylic water tank to form a wave power generation device;

[0084] (5) Mount the needle electrode on the acrylic water tank through a support;

[0085] (6) Add a driving liquid (rainwater) to the wave power generation device to form a nanogenerator.

[0086] The test methods for voltage and current are as follows:

[0087] Obtain the voltage output of the nanogenerator using an oscilloscope (RTE1024, Rohde and Schwarzrte, Germany) equipped with a high-resistance (10 MΩ) probe. The current is determined by connecting the oscilloscope and a low-noise current preamplifier (model SR570, Stanford Research System, USA).

[0088] Test results:

[0089] From Figure 3 and Figure 4 it can be seen that the nanogenerator of this application can collect wave energy, generate high voltage and large current, and has extremely strong power advantages and extremely broad application scenarios.

[0090] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments are only examples, and embodiments with the same structure and the same function and effect as the technical idea within the scope of the technical solution of this application are all included in the technical scope of this application. In addition, within the scope of not departing from the gist of this application, various deformations that can be thought of by those skilled in the art to the embodiments and other ways constructed by combining some constituent elements of the embodiments are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A nanogenerator, characterized in that, Comprising: An insulating layer; An electrode, disposed on one side of the insulating layer; A wave-making water tank, disposed on the side of the insulating layer away from the electrode; A needle electrode, the needle electrode is disposed on the upper part of the wave-making water tank through a support, the support is fixed on the wave-making water tank, and the needle electrode is electrically connected to the electrode; A liquid, disposed inside the wave-making water tank.

2. The nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating layer includes an insulating solid material and / or a conductive material with an insulating material coated on the surface, preferably fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer and / or polytetrafluoroethylene.

3. The nanogenerator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the insulating layer is 0.01 mm to 10 mm.

4. The nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wave-making water tank includes an insulating solid material or a conductive material with an insulating material coated on the surface, preferably an acrylic water tank; and / or The material of the needle electrode includes a conductive material, preferably stainless steel.

5. The nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein The liquid includes at least one of pure water, ionic liquid, solution, rainwater, and seawater.

6. The nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The minimum distance between the needle electrode and the insulating layer is less than or equal to the length of the wave-making water tank.

7. The nanogenerator according to claim 1, wherein The height of the end of the needle electrode away from the support is higher than the horizontal plane of the liquid and lower than or equal to the maximum height that the liquid can reach on the insulating layer.

8. A method for preparing the nanogenerator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Comprising: Bond the electrode to one side of the insulating layer; Bond the wave-making water tank to the side of the insulating layer away from the electrode; Fix the needle electrode to the upper part of the wave-making water tank through a support, the support is fixed on the wave-making water tank, and the needle electrode is electrically connected to the electrode; Add the liquid to the wave-making water tank to obtain the nanogenerator.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein Further comprising: Perform surface treatment on the insulating layer, and the surface treatment includes at least one of tribocharging, ion gun charging, electrostatic electret, surface etching of micro-nano structures, and surface chemical modification.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that Further comprising: Perform surface modification on the needle electrode, and the surface modification includes hydrophobic treatment.

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