Photovoltaic module, control method of photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and provides a photovoltaic module, a control method of the photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system, and the photovoltaic module comprises a wiring structure which comprises at least one switch module; n battery strings and one switch module are connected with two battery strings, when the switch module is in one of the on state and the off state, the two battery strings connected with the switch module work, and when the switch module is in the other one of the on state and the off state, the two battery strings connected with the switch module work. The two battery strings connected with the switch module do not work, and N is larger than or equal to 3. According to the photovoltaic module, whether the battery string is connected to the system and works is controlled through the switch module, the battery string is connected to the system to work under the condition that the battery string has no fault, and only the fault battery string is short-circuited under the condition that the battery string has a fault, so that only the fault battery string is short-circuited when the battery string has a fault; the circuit loop of the whole system is still connected, and other photovoltaic modules can work normally.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and more particularly, to a photovoltaic module, a control method for a photovoltaic module, and a photovoltaic system. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of solar photovoltaic power generation, photovoltaic modules play a crucial role in distributed photovoltaic power stations. However, since a large number of battery strings are connected to the photovoltaic module, if a battery string failure occurs, such as short circuit, open circuit, or hot spot effect, etc., simply cutting off the power supply of the entire photovoltaic array for repair may cause the series current of the components inside the module to rise sharply, thus bringing serious safety risks to the module and the connected devices. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of photovoltaic modules, current photovoltaic modules are usually configured with a component-level rapid shutdown function to achieve rapid isolation of the faulty battery string and prevent the further spread of the fault, thereby protecting the safety of the entire photovoltaic array.

[0003] However, in the prior art, the component-level rapid shutdown function has a greater impact on the power generation of the system, and after shutdown, the photovoltaic module generates a photovoltaic electromotive force under light, and there is still an electric shock risk if personnel accidentally touch it. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main object of the present application is to provide a photovoltaic module, a control method for a photovoltaic module, and a photovoltaic system, so as to at least solve the problem that the method of shutting down a faulty battery string in the prior art has a greater impact on the power generation of the system.

[0005] To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present application, there is provided a photovoltaic module, including: a wiring structure including at least one switch module; N battery strings, one switch module is connected to two battery strings, and when the switch module is in one of the on state and the off state, the two battery strings connected to the switch module both work, and when the switch module is in the other of the on state and the off state, the two battery strings connected to the switch module both do not work, N≥3.

[0006] Optionally, the wiring structure includes a plurality of wiring sub-structures, and one wiring sub-structure includes one switch module.

[0007] Optionally, the battery strings connected to the switch module are a first battery string and a second battery string respectively. The switch module includes: a first switching device, a first end of the first switching device is electrically connected to a first end of the first battery string, and a second end of the first switching device is electrically connected to a first end of the connection sub-structure; a second switching device, a first end of the second switching device is respectively electrically connected to the second end of the first switching device and the first end of the connection sub-structure, and a second end of the second switching device is respectively electrically connected to a first end of the second battery string and a second end of the connection sub-structure; wherein, when the first switching device is turned on and the second switching device is turned off, the first battery string and the second battery string work, and when the second switching device is turned on and the first switching device is turned off, the first battery string and the second battery string do not work.

[0008] Optionally, the first end of the connection sub-structure is one of the positive electrode end and the negative electrode end, and the second end of the connection sub-structure is the other of the positive electrode end and the negative electrode end.

[0009] Optionally, the first switching device is a MOS device or an IGBT device, and the second switching device is a MOS device or an IGBT device. When the first switching device is the MOS device, the first end of the first switching device is one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS device, and the second end of the first switching device is the other of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS device. When the second switching device is the MOS device, the first end of the second switching device is one of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS device, and the second end of the second switching device is the other of the source electrode and the drain electrode of the MOS device.

[0010] Optionally, the battery strings connected to the connection sub-structure are a first battery string and a second battery string respectively. The switch module includes: a single-pole double-throw switch, a fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the first end of the connection sub-structure, a first selection end of the single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the first end of the first battery string, and a second selection end of the single-pole double-throw switch is respectively electrically connected to the first end of the second battery string and the second end of the connection sub-structure; wherein, the first end of the connection sub-structure is one of the positive electrode end and the negative electrode end, and the second end of the connection sub-structure is the other of the positive electrode end and the negative electrode end.

[0011] Optionally, two adjacent connection sub-structures are connected in series through a wire. The battery strings connected to the connection sub-structure are a first battery string and a second battery string respectively. A second end of the first battery string is connected to a second end of the second battery string through a bus bar.

[0012] According to another aspect of the present application, a control method for a photovoltaic module is provided. The method is used to control any one of the photovoltaic modules, and the method includes: obtaining the operating data of the battery string, where the operating data is the electrical parameters when the battery string is operating; determining whether the operating data of the battery string is within the corresponding preset range; in the case where the operating data of the battery string is not within the corresponding preset range, controlling the switch module connected to the battery string to conduct or turn off, so that the battery string does not operate; in the case where the operating data of the battery string is within the corresponding preset range, controlling the switch module connected to the battery string to conduct or turn off, so that the battery string operates.

[0013] Optionally, the operating data includes at least one of the following: the temperature of the battery string, the voltage of the battery string, and the current of the battery string.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present application, a photovoltaic system is provided, including: at least one of any one of the photovoltaic modules, with two adjacent photovoltaic modules connected in series; a sensor for collecting the operating data of each battery string in the photovoltaic module, where the operating data is the electrical parameters when the battery string is operating; a controller for executing the control method of any one of the photovoltaic modules.

[0015] The effect of the present application is as follows: The above photovoltaic module includes: a wiring structure including at least one switch module; N battery strings, with one switch module connected to two battery strings. In the case where the switch module is in one of the conducting state and the off state, the two battery strings connected to the switch module both operate. In the case where the switch module is in the other of the conducting state and the off state, the two battery strings connected to the switch module both do not operate, and N≥3. This photovoltaic module controls whether to connect the battery string to the system and operate through the switch module. When the battery string is fault-free, the battery string is connected to the system for operation. When the battery string is faulty, only the faulty battery string is short-circuited. In this way, when the battery string is faulty, only the faulty battery string is short-circuited, and the entire system circuit loop is still connected, and other photovoltaic modules can operate normally, solving the problem that the method of shutting off the faulty battery string in the prior art has a greater impact on the power generation of the system. Description of the Drawings

[0016] The specification drawings forming a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The schematic embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present application. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 Shows a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2Shows a schematic structural diagram of another photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 3 Shows a schematic structural diagram of yet another photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 4 Shows a schematic circuit diagram when there is no fault in the battery string provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 5 Shows a schematic circuit diagram when there is a fault in the battery string provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 6 Shows a schematic structural diagram of yet another photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 7 Shows a schematic structural diagram of yet another photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 8 Shows a schematic flow diagram of a control method for a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 9 Shows a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Among them, the above-mentioned drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0027] 10. Wiring structure; 11. Switch module; 111. First switching device; 112. Second switching device; 113. Single-pole double-throw switch; 12. Battery string; 121. First battery string; 122. Second battery string; 13. Wiring sub-structure; 14. Bus bar; 40. Photovoltaic module. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0029] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description, claims and the above-mentioned drawings of the present application are used to distinguish similar objects and do not necessarily describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so as to implement the embodiments of the present application described herein. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units does not necessarily limit to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0031] As introduced in the background art, in the prior art, component-level fast shutdown is adopted when a battery string fails. This component-level fast shutdown shuts down an entire string or a whole block of components during fire fighting or maintenance, which not only has a greater impact on the power generation of the system, but also after shutdown, since many battery strings are connected in series in the disconnected photovoltaic module, photovoltaic electromotive force will still be generated under illumination. Generally, the photovoltaic electromotive force generated by one module is about 50V - 60V. Although the regulations require that the photovoltaic electromotive force be less than 80V, the photovoltaic electromotive force generated by the disconnected photovoltaic module under illumination conditions is still higher than the safety voltage of 36V. If problems such as insulation layer breakage or accidental contact by personnel occur, there will still be an electric shock risk. To solve the problem that the method of shutting down a faulty battery string in the prior art has a greater impact on the power generation of the system, embodiments of the present application provide a photovoltaic module, a control method of the photovoltaic module, and a photovoltaic system.

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application, as Figure 1 shown, the photovoltaic module includes a wiring structure 10 and N battery strings 12, where the wiring structure 10 includes at least one switch module 11; one of the switch modules 11 is connected to two of the battery strings 12. When the switch module 11 is in one of the conducting state and the off state, the two battery strings 12 connected to the switch module 11 both work. When the switch module 11 is in the other of the conducting state and the off state, the two battery strings 12 connected to the switch module 11 both do not work, and N≥3.

[0034] Among them, the above wiring structure is an integrated junction box. Currently, fast shutdown junction boxes are divided into two types: integrated and external-mounted. In the prior art, the main mass production method is the external-mounted type. The wiring structure in the above embodiment adopts an integrated junction box, which is responsible for electrically connecting multiple battery strings (usually 4 or 6) inside the photovoltaic module. At the same time, it includes a protection circuit that can quickly cut off the circuit when external conditions change (such as overload, short circuit), protecting the photovoltaic module from damage. The integrated junction box is embedded with multiple switch modules that can quickly disconnect specific battery strings in case of emergency (such as fire, maintenance requirements) without affecting other parts of the entire photovoltaic system, thus significantly improving the safety and operation and maintenance convenience of the system. Compared with the traditional external-mounted fast shutdown device, the integrated junction box eliminates the need for additional installation space and complex external wiring, reducing the demand for conventional junction boxes. This not only reduces the bill of materials cost of the photovoltaic module but also simplifies the installation process at the power station site, saving time and labor costs.

[0035] Since the component-level shutdown is adopted in the prior art to address the problem of battery string failures, that is, when a battery string fails, the entire photovoltaic module where the battery string is located is disconnected from the system. Although this component-level shutdown method disconnects the faulty battery string from the system, a large number of non-faulty battery strings are also connected in series in the disconnected entire photovoltaic module. Disconnecting the entire photovoltaic module where the faulty battery string is located not only greatly reduces the power generation of the system but also the non-faulty battery strings in the disconnected photovoltaic module will generate photovoltaic electromotive force under the action of light. Since there are many non-faulty battery strings in the photovoltaic module and they are connected in series, the overall photovoltaic electromotive force of the photovoltaic module is the sum of the series-connected non-faulty battery strings. Therefore, the generated photovoltaic electromotive force can generally reach about 50V. Although it is less than the specified 80V, it is still much higher than the safety voltage of 36V. During the process of staff repairing the faulty battery string, once there is damage to the external insulation layer, there will be a risk of electric shock to the staff.

[0036] In the above-mentioned photovoltaic module of the present application, when the switching module is in one of the on state and the off state, both of the two battery strings connected to the switching module are operating. When the switching module is in the other of the on state and the off state, both of the two battery strings connected to the switching module are not operating. By means of one switching module, it is possible to control whether the corresponding two battery strings are connected to the photovoltaic system. In the case of a fault in a battery string, through the switching module connected to the faulty battery string, only the faulty battery string is disconnected from the photovoltaic system, and the impact on the power generation of the system is very small. Moreover, even if the disconnected battery string generates a photovoltaic electromotive force under the action of light, the generated electromotive force is very small. In this way, during the process of the staff repairing the faulty battery string, the risk of electric shock to the staff will be greatly reduced. This photovoltaic module controls whether to connect the battery string to the system and operate it through the switching module. When the battery string is fault-free, the battery string is connected to the system for operation. When the battery string is faulty, only the faulty battery string is short-circuited. In this way, only the faulty battery string can be short-circuited when the battery string is faulty, and the entire system circuit loop is still connected, and other photovoltaic modules can operate normally, solving the problem that the method of shutting off a faulty battery string in the prior art has a greater impact on the power generation of the system.

[0037] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 shown, the above-mentioned wiring structure 10 includes a plurality of wiring sub-structures 13, and one of the above-mentioned wiring sub-structures 13 includes one of the above-mentioned switching modules 11.

[0038] Specifically, the wiring structure is an integrated junction box, and one wiring sub-structure is one sub-box body. Each wiring sub-structure is responsible for the electrical connection and control of a group of battery strings. This means that even when a problem occurs in a single battery string, such as a hot spot effect or a short circuit, the power generation of other battery strings will not be affected. The switching module inside the wiring sub-structure can be separately disconnected or closed, so as to realize the independent shut-off and management of a specific battery string. The design of the wiring sub-structure enables string-level fast shut-off. When a shut-off signal is received, only the affected wiring sub-structure is closed, rather than the entire photovoltaic module or system. This can quickly reduce the system voltage to a safe level, while not affecting the normal operation of other battery strings, reducing power generation losses, and improving the overall safety and efficiency of the system. By integrating a plurality of sub-box bodies into one junction box, the complexity and cost of the components can be reduced. The independent design of the sub-box body makes the photovoltaic module more flexible in system design and expansion. Different numbers of battery strings and corresponding numbers of sub-box bodies can be selected according to requirements to construct photovoltaic systems of different scales and configurations. When the system needs to be upgraded or adjusted, this design allows partial components to be changed without large-scale rewiring or replacement.

[0039] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the battery strings connected to the above-mentioned switch module 11 are the first battery string 121 and the second battery string 122 respectively. The above-mentioned switch module 11 includes: a first switch device 111, the first end of the first switch device 111 is electrically connected to the first end of the first battery string 121, and the second end of the first switch device 111 is electrically connected to the first end of the connection sub-structure 13; a second switch device 112, the first end of the second switch device 112 is electrically connected to the second end of the first switch device 111 and the first end of the connection sub-structure 13 respectively, and the second end of the second switch device 112 is electrically connected to the first end of the second battery string 122 and the second end of the connection sub-structure 13 respectively; wherein, when the first switch device 111 is turned on and the second switch device 112 is turned off, the first battery string 121 and the second battery string 122 work, and when the second switch device 112 is turned on and the first switch device 111 is turned off, the first battery string 121 and the second battery string 122 do not work.

[0040] Specifically, in the normal power generation state, the first switch device is in the on state, while the second switch device is in the off state. At this time, the first battery string and the second battery string are connected to the connection sub-structure through the first switch device, forming a continuous circuit, and the photovoltaic module works normally, generating electricity and outputting electrical energy. In case of an emergency or when maintenance is required, the first switch device is commanded to turn off, while the second switch device is commanded to turn on. At this time, since the first switch device is turned off, the power transmission path between the first battery string and the second battery string is cut off, and the conduction of the second switch device provides a bypass for the circuit, enabling the current to circulate through the bypass but not passing through the battery string. This means that even if the battery string is still irradiated by sunlight and generates electrical energy, it cannot be output to the photovoltaic system, achieving rapid shutdown, reducing the system voltage to a safe level, and solving the electric shock risk. By disconnecting the effective electrical connection between the battery string and the system, it can ensure that the photovoltaic system voltage rapidly drops below the safety threshold, such as below 20V. This is much lower than the voltage after module-level shutdown (about 50V to 60V), greatly improving the operation safety of on-site personnel. Through the switch module, precise control of specific battery strings can be achieved. Even if a module contains multiple groups of battery strings, it is possible to only turn off or restore the problematic group without affecting the normal operation of other battery strings. This can avoid the entire photovoltaic module or a larger-scale system from being unable to generate electricity normally due to the failure of one battery string, improving the fault tolerance and power generation efficiency of the system. Through the state control of the switch module, faulty battery strings can be quickly located and isolated, simplifying the system maintenance work and improving the efficiency of fault troubleshooting. Maintenance personnel do not need to check the entire system, but only need to pay attention to the turned-off battery string.

[0041] Figure 4The circuit schematic diagram when the battery string is fault-free provided in the embodiments according to the present application is as follows Figure 4 As shown, the first end of the connection sub-structure 13 is connected to the endpoint ①, the first battery string is connected to the endpoint ②, the second battery string is connected to the endpoint ③, and the second end of the connection sub-structure 13 is connected to the endpoint ④. If the first end of the connection sub-structure 13 is the positive terminal and the second end of the connection sub-structure 13 is the negative terminal, then in the case where the first battery string and the second battery string are fault-free, the first switching device 111 is turned on and the second switching device 112 is turned off, and the current flows from the endpoint ① to the endpoint ② to the endpoint ③ to the endpoint ④, and the first battery string and the second battery string are connected to the photovoltaic system for operation.

[0042] Figure 5 The circuit schematic diagram when the battery string has a fault provided in the embodiments according to the present application is as follows Figure 5 As shown, the first end of the connection sub-structure 13 is connected to the endpoint ①, the first battery string is connected to the endpoint ②, the second battery string is connected to the endpoint ③, and the second end of the connection sub-structure 13 is connected to the endpoint ④. If the first end of the connection sub-structure 13 is the positive terminal and the second end of the connection sub-structure 13 is the negative terminal, then in the case where the first battery string and the second battery string are fault-free, the first switching device 111 is turned off and the second switching device 112 is turned on, and the current flows from the endpoint ① through the second switching device 112 to the endpoint ④, and the first battery string and the second battery string are short-circuited, and the first battery string and the second battery string are not connected to the photovoltaic system for operation.

[0043] In some embodiments, the first end of the above connection sub-structure is one of the positive terminal and the negative terminal, and the second end of the above connection sub-structure is the other of the positive terminal and the negative terminal.

[0044] Specifically, according to the different positive and negative pole settings of the first end and the second end of the connection sub-structure, the positions of the first switching device and the second switching device also change accordingly. In the case where the first end of the connection sub-structure is the positive pole and the second end of the connection sub-structure is the negative pole, the first switching device is installed between the positive pole of the connection sub-structure and the battery string, and by turning off the first switching device, the connection between the battery string and the positive pole of the connection sub-structure is disconnected, thereby short-circuiting the battery string; in the case where the first end of the connection sub-structure is the negative pole and the second end of the connection sub-structure is the positive pole, the first switching device is installed between the negative pole of the connection sub-structure and the battery string, and by turning off the first switching device, the connection between the battery string and the negative pole of the connection sub-structure is disconnected, thereby short-circuiting the battery string.

[0045] By connecting one end of the terminal sub-structure to the switching device and the other end to the corresponding end of the battery string, the terminal sub-structure becomes a bridge between the switching module and the battery string. In this way, when the state of the switching device changes, the controllable switching of the battery string circuit can be achieved through the terminal sub-structure, that is, the circuit connection between the battery string and the system can be quickly disconnected or restored when needed. The terminal sub-structure not only realizes electrical distribution as a single sub-box body, but also can be connected to other terminal sub-structures or components through wires to form a complete circuit. This design makes the electrical connections inside and between components more compact and reliable, reduces the use of external cables, lowers costs, and improves the overall performance and safety of the components.

[0046] Figure 3 An embodiment is shown in which the first end of the terminal sub-structure is the positive terminal and the second end of the terminal sub-structure is the negative terminal. As Figure 3 shown, the first switching device 111 is connected between the positive terminal of the terminal sub-structure and the first battery string, and the second switching device 112 is connected between the positive terminal of the terminal sub-structure and the negative terminal of the terminal sub-structure. In the case of a fault in the first battery string 121 and / or the second battery string 122, the first switching device 111 disconnects, that is, the connection between the battery string and the positive terminal of the terminal sub-structure is disconnected, thereby short-circuiting the battery string.

[0047] If the first end of the terminal sub-structure is the negative terminal and the second end of the terminal sub-structure is the positive terminal, then the first battery string is connected to the negative terminal of the terminal sub-structure, and the second battery string is connected to the positive terminal of the terminal sub-structure (i.e., Figure 3 the first battery string 121 in Figure 3 is the second battery string in this embodiment,

[0048] and the second battery string 122 in is the first battery string in this embodiment), the first switching device is connected between the negative terminal of the terminal sub-structure and the first battery string, and the second switching device is connected between the positive terminal of the terminal sub-structure and the negative terminal of the terminal sub-structure. In the case of a fault in the first battery string and / or the second battery string, the first switching device disconnects, that is, the connection between the battery string and the negative terminal of the terminal sub-structure is disconnected, thereby short-circuiting the battery string.

[0049] Specifically, both MOS devices and IGBT devices possess fast switching characteristics and low on-resistance, which means they can quickly switch states (from on to off or vice versa) within the millisecond level, and have very low current loss in the on state, ensuring high efficiency of the photovoltaic module during normal operation and fast response during shutdown. These switching devices can withstand high voltages and provide good electrical isolation, ensuring the safety and reliability of the shutdown circuit even when there may still be relatively high voltages after module-level shutdown, significantly reducing the risk of accidental electric shock to personnel. By controlling the on and off of MOS or IGBT devices, fault isolation of a single battery string can be achieved. When an abnormality (such as hot spot effect, short circuit, etc.) is detected in a certain battery string, the coordinated control of the first switching device and the second switching device can disconnect only the affected battery string from the system, while the other strings continue to operate normally, thus reducing the overall power generation loss of the system and enhancing the stability and economy of the system.

[0050] It should be noted that the above MOS devices and IGBT devices are only one implementation manner, and the first switching device and the second switching device can also adopt other devices, as long as there is a control end that can receive on signals and off signals and perform corresponding actions.

[0051] In some embodiments, as Figure 6 shown, the battery strings connected to the above wiring sub-structure 13 are respectively the first battery string 121 and the second battery string 122, and the above switch module 11 includes: a single-pole double-throw switch 113. The fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch 113 is electrically connected to the first end of the above wiring sub-structure 13. The first selection end of the single-pole double-throw switch 113 is electrically connected to the first end of the above first battery string 121. The second selection end of the single-pole double-throw switch 113 is electrically connected to the first end of the above second battery string 122 and the second end of the above wiring sub-structure 13 respectively; wherein, the first end of the above wiring sub-structure 13 is one of the positive extreme and the negative extreme, and the second end of the above wiring sub-structure 13 is the other of the positive extreme and the negative extreme.

[0052] Specifically, a single-pole double-throw switch allows current to flow from its fixed terminal to either the first selected terminal or the second selected terminal, providing two states for the connection of the battery string - the normal operating state and the off state. During normal operation, the switch is located at the first selected terminal, connecting the first battery string to the positive or negative terminal of the terminal sub-structure, enabling it to effectively collect and transmit the generated electrical energy. When shutdown is required, the switch is switched to the second selected terminal, which can disconnect the circuit of the first battery string, while the second battery string is directly connected to or disconnected from the system through the second terminal of the terminal sub-structure, depending on the switch state. By switching the single-pole double-throw switch, rapid disconnection of a specific battery string can be achieved within a few seconds without affecting the entire component or system, which is an ability not possessed by component-level shutdown. Especially in emergency situations, this precise control can quickly reduce the system voltage to meet safety standards and safeguard the lives of rescue workers and system maintainers. In the off state, the current path of the first battery string is cut off, while the second battery string is connected to the second terminal of the terminal sub-structure through the second selected terminal of the switch, forming a bypass, avoiding problems such as system voltage increase or short circuit caused by battery string failures. This design helps prevent the occurrence of hot spot effects, protects the unaffected battery strings from damage, and thus maintains the overall power generation efficiency and stability of the system. By integrating the single-pole double-throw switch within the switch module, the number of external independent switches is reduced, simplifying the architecture of the photovoltaic system, reducing production costs and installation costs, and at the same time reducing the workload of later maintenance.

[0053] Figure 6 An embodiment is shown where the first terminal of the terminal sub-structure is the positive terminal and the second terminal of the terminal sub-structure is the negative terminal, as Figure 6 shown. When both the first battery string 121 and the second battery string 122 are fault-free, control the fixed terminal b of the above single-pole double-throw switch to conduct with the first selected terminal a of the above single-pole double-throw switch and the fixed terminal b of the above single-pole double-throw switch to disconnect from the second selected terminal c of the above single-pole double-throw switch to connect the battery string to the system and enable the battery string to operate normally. When the first battery string 121 fails and / or the second battery string 122 fails, control the fixed terminal b of the above single-pole double-throw switch to disconnect from the first selected terminal a of the above single-pole double-throw switch and the fixed terminal b of the above single-pole double-throw switch to conduct with the second selected terminal c of the above single-pole double-throw switch to disconnect the connection between the battery string and the positive terminal of the terminal sub-structure, thereby short-circuiting the battery string.

[0054] If the first terminal of the terminal sub-structure is the negative terminal and the second terminal of the terminal sub-structure is the positive terminal, then the first battery string is connected to the negative terminal of the terminal sub-structure and the second battery string is connected to the positive terminal of the terminal sub-structure (i.e., Figure 3 the first battery string 121 in Figure 3The second battery string 122 in (where the first battery string of this embodiment is), in the case of a failure of the first battery string and / or a failure of the second battery string, control the fixed terminal b of the single-pole double-throw switch to disconnect from the first selection terminal a of the single-pole double-throw switch and the fixed terminal b of the single-pole double-throw switch to conduct with the second selection terminal c of the single-pole double-throw switch, so as to disconnect the connection between the battery string and the negative terminal of the terminal sub-structure, thereby short-circuiting the battery string.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 shown, two adjacent terminal sub-structures 13 are connected in series through a wire, and the battery strings 12 connected to the terminal sub-structure 13 are the first battery string 121 and the second battery string 122 respectively, and the second end of the first battery string 121 is connected to the second end of the second battery string 122 through a bus bar 14.

[0056] Specifically, two adjacent terminal sub-structures are connected in series through a wire, which means that current can flow smoothly from one terminal sub-structure to the next until the final output terminal of the photovoltaic module. This connection method ensures the continuity of the current path. Even if there is a problem with a single terminal sub-structure or battery string, as long as other parts remain intact, the system can still transmit electricity, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the entire module. The second end of the first battery string and the second end of the second battery string are connected through a bus bar. The main purpose of this design is to collect the current generated by each battery string and concentrate it for transmission to the next link through the terminal sub-structure. The presence of the bus bar can reduce the loss of current during the transmission process inside the module, improve the efficiency of current transmission, and also contribute to heat dissipation, protecting the battery string from overheating. By connecting the terminal sub-structures in series and using the bus bar, the wiring inside the module becomes simpler and more orderly. This design reduces the complex wire network, reduces the difficulty and cost of module manufacturing, and also facilitates on-site installation and later maintenance, reducing system problems caused by wiring errors or failures.

[0057] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 shown, each battery string is also connected to the terminal sub-structure after being led out through a bus bar.

[0058] In an alternative embodiment, such as Figure 7As shown, an integrated quick - shutdown junction box (wiring structure) is provided. A photovoltaic module equipped with this junction box has the function of string - level quick - shutdown. The string - level quick - shutdown module includes an integrated junction box. The junction box is divided into three sub - box bodies (wiring sub - structures) components A1, A2, and A3, which are connected by wires. The two ends respectively include wires and connectors. The photovoltaic module includes six battery strings. Two adjacent battery strings are connected by a bus bar 14. The other end battery strings are led out through the bus bar and are respectively connected to the positive and negative ports of the integrated junction box. Battery string 31 and battery string 32 are respectively connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the A1 sub - box body of the integrated junction box. Battery string 33 and battery string 34 are respectively connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the A2 sub - box body of the integrated junction box. Battery string 35 and battery string 36 are respectively connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the A3 sub - box body of the integrated junction box. There is no connection between battery strings 32, 33 and battery strings 34, 35. Each sub - box body contains two MOS tubes or IGBT tubes of circuit control switches. In the normal state, the first switching device 111 is closed and the circuit is conducting, and the second switching device 112 is open. The current flows from ①→②→③→④. When shutting down, the first switching device 111 is open and the circuit is disconnected, and the second switching device 112 is closed and the circuit is conducting, playing a role in shielding the battery string. The current flows from ①→the second switching device 112→④.

[0059] Another embodiment of the present application also provides a control method for a photovoltaic module, as Figure 8 shown. The above - mentioned method is used to control any one of the above - mentioned photovoltaic modules. The above - mentioned method includes the following steps:

[0060] Step S101, obtaining the working data of the battery string, where the above - mentioned working data is the electrical parameters when the above - mentioned battery string is working;

[0061] Step S102, determining whether the working data of the above - mentioned battery string is within the corresponding preset range;

[0062] Step S103, when the working data of the above - mentioned battery string is not within the corresponding preset range, controlling the switch module connected to the above - mentioned battery string to conduct or turn off, so that the above - mentioned battery string does not work;

[0063] Step S104, when the working data of the above - mentioned battery string is within the corresponding preset range, controlling the above - mentioned switch module connected to the above - mentioned battery string to conduct or turn off, so that the above - mentioned battery string works.

[0064] The control method of the above photovoltaic module of the present application is used to control any one of the above photovoltaic modules. First, the working data of the battery string is obtained and it is determined whether the working data of the battery string is within the corresponding preset range; then, in the case where the working data of the battery string is not within the corresponding preset range, the switch module connected to the battery string is controlled to conduct or turn off, so that the battery string does not work; in the case where the working data of the battery string is within the corresponding preset range, the switch module connected to the battery string is controlled to conduct or turn off, so that the battery string works. By real-time monitoring of the electrical parameters (such as current, voltage, temperature, etc.) of the battery string, this method can timely detect abnormal working states, such as hot spot effect, short circuit, overload, etc. Once it is detected that the working data deviates from the preset safety or performance range, the system immediately takes measures to turn off the corresponding switch module, isolate the faulty battery string, avoid the spread of the fault, protect the entire photovoltaic module and other devices from damage, and improve the fault response speed and management efficiency of the system. In this way, only the faulty battery string can be short-circuited when the battery string fails, the entire system circuit loop is still connected, and other photovoltaic modules can work normally, solving the problem that the method of turning off the faulty battery string in the prior art has a greater impact on the power generation of the system.

[0065] In some examples, the above working data includes at least one of the following: the temperature of the above battery string, the voltage of the above battery string, and the current of the above battery string.

[0066] Specifically, monitoring the temperature, voltage, and current of the battery string as working data can achieve more precise control of the photovoltaic module, not only improving the power generation efficiency of the system, but also enhancing fault prevention, safety protection, and maintenance efficiency.

[0067] Specifically, abnormal temperature is often a precursor to the impending failure of the battery string, such as poor welding, aging of encapsulation materials, etc. Through temperature monitoring, these problems can be detected early and preventive measures can be taken to avoid potential system failures. Abnormal fluctuations in voltage and current may indicate internal short circuits, open circuits, or other electrical faults in the battery string. Real-time monitoring of these parameters can respond before the fault occurs, such as triggering a fast shutdown mechanism at the string level to isolate the problem battery string, prevent the spread of the fault, and reduce system losses. High battery string temperature increases the fire risk. Through temperature monitoring, the overheated battery string can be turned off in time, reducing the overall temperature of the system and improving safety. In emergency situations, such as fires, maintenance, etc., by monitoring the voltage and current of the battery string, the fast shutdown mechanism can be quickly activated to reduce the system voltage to a safe level, reduce the risk of electric shock, and protect the safety of on-site personnel.

[0068] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the above wiring structure 10 includes a plurality of wiring sub-structures 13. One of the above wiring sub-structures 13 includes a switch module 11. The battery strings connected to the above wiring sub-structure 13 are the first battery string 121 and the second battery string 122 respectively. The switch module 11 includes a first switch device 111 and a second switch device 112. The first end of the first switch device 111 is electrically connected to the first end of the first battery string 121. The second end of the first switch device 111 is electrically connected to the first end of the wiring sub-structure 13. The first end of the second switch device 112 is electrically connected to the second end of the first switch device 111 and the first end of the wiring sub-structure 13 respectively. The second end of the second switch device 112 is electrically connected to the first end of the second battery string 122 and the second end of the wiring sub-structure 13 respectively;

[0069] Controlling the switch module 11 connected to the above battery string to be turned on or off so that the above battery string does not work includes: controlling the first switch device 111 to be turned off and the second switch device 112 to be turned on so that the above battery string does not work; and / or,

[0070] Controlling the switch module 11 connected to the above battery string to be turned on or off so that the above battery string works includes: controlling the first switch device 111 to be turned on and the second switch device 112 to be turned off so that the above battery string works.

[0071] Specifically, by controlling the first switch device to be turned off and the second switch device to be turned on, the current loop of the battery string can be immediately cut off and isolated from the system. Such a design can respond quickly, avoid the malfunctioning battery string from affecting the normal operation of the entire photovoltaic array, effectively reduce the potential risks of electric shock and fire, and improve the overall safety performance of the system. Under normal working conditions, controlling the first switch device to be turned on and the second switch device to be turned off ensures that the current can flow smoothly from the battery string, thus maintaining an efficient power generation state. If a certain battery string is affected by shading or hot spot effect and its output efficiency decreases, through the above isolation mechanism, the inefficient power generation of this string can be avoided from affecting the overall power output and the high power generation efficiency of the system can be maintained.

[0072] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 6As shown, the above-mentioned wiring structure 10 includes a plurality of wiring sub-structures 13. One of the above-mentioned wiring sub-structures 13 includes a switch module 11. The battery strings connected to the above-mentioned wiring sub-structure 13 are respectively the first battery string 121 and the second battery string 122. The above-mentioned switch module 11 includes a single-pole double-throw switch 113. The fixed end of the above-mentioned single-pole double-throw switch 113 is electrically connected to the first end of the above-mentioned wiring sub-structure 13. The first selection end of the above-mentioned single-pole double-throw switch 113 is electrically connected to the first end of the above-mentioned first battery string 121. The second selection end of the above-mentioned single-pole double-throw switch 113 is electrically connected to the first end of the above-mentioned second battery string 122 and the second end of the above-mentioned wiring sub-structure 13 respectively.

[0073] Controlling the switch module 11 connected to the above-mentioned battery string to conduct or cut off, so that the above-mentioned battery string does not work, includes: controlling the fixed end of the above-mentioned single-pole double-throw switch 113 to be disconnected from the first selection end of the above-mentioned single-pole double-throw switch 113 and the fixed end of the above-mentioned single-pole double-throw switch 113 to be conducted with the second selection end, so that the above-mentioned battery string does not work; and / or,

[0074] Controlling the switch module 11 connected to the above-mentioned battery string to conduct or cut off, so that the above-mentioned battery string works, includes: controlling the fixed end of the above-mentioned single-pole double-throw switch 113 to be conducted with the first selection end of the above-mentioned single-pole double-throw switch 113 and the fixed end of the above-mentioned single-pole double-throw switch 113 to be disconnected from the second selection end, so that the above-mentioned battery string works.

[0075] Specifically, the single-pole double-throw switch allows the controller to switch the current path between the first battery string and the second battery string (or bypass). When it is necessary to cut off the battery string in response to a fault (such as a hot spot or a short circuit) or for maintenance, the controller only needs to disconnect the fixed end of the switch from the first selection end and conduct it with the second selection end, so as to quickly isolate the battery string. This avoids affecting the entire component or a wider system, ensures the normal operation of other battery strings, and reduces the loss of power generation. In an emergency, such as a fire or an emergency repair, the battery string can be quickly removed from the system through the single-pole double-throw switch, and the voltage of the photovoltaic system can be quickly reduced to a safe level. Compared with the traditional component-level shutdown, this string-level fast shutdown can be completed within a few seconds, greatly reducing the risk of electric shock faced by rescue workers and on-site maintenance personnel.

[0076] In some embodiments, as Figure 2 shown, the above-mentioned wiring structure 10 includes a plurality of wiring sub-structures 13. One of the above-mentioned wiring sub-structures 13 includes a switch module 11. In the case where the working data of the above-mentioned battery string is not within the corresponding above-mentioned preset range, controlling the switch module 11 connected to the above-mentioned battery string to conduct or cut off, so that the above-mentioned battery string does not work, includes:

[0077] Sequential coding is performed on each of the above-mentioned battery strings and each of the above-mentioned connection sub-structures 13 to obtain the numbers of each of the above-mentioned battery strings and the numbers of each of the above-mentioned connection sub-structures 13; there is a corresponding relationship between the numbers of the above-mentioned battery strings and the numbers of the above-mentioned connection sub-structures 13;

[0078] In the case where the operating data of the above-mentioned battery string is not within the corresponding above-mentioned preset range, the number of the corresponding above-mentioned connection sub-structure 13 is determined according to the number of the above-mentioned battery string, and the switch module 11 of the above-mentioned connection sub-structure 13 connected to the above-mentioned battery string is controlled to be turned on or off, so that the above-mentioned battery string does not work.

[0079] Specifically, by combining with the sequential coding of the component strings, the integrated junction box can achieve precise control of each component string, which means that in case of failure or shutdown, only the affected part can be isolated, while the rest of the system can continue to work normally, improving the overall availability and reliability of the system.

[0080] Another embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic system, as Figure 9 shown, including: at least one of any of the above-mentioned photovoltaic modules 40, two adjacent above-mentioned photovoltaic modules 40 are connected in series; a sensor (not shown in the figure), configured to collect the operating data of each battery string in the above-mentioned photovoltaic module, and the above-mentioned operating data is the electrical parameters when the above-mentioned battery string is working; a controller (not shown in the figure), configured to execute any of the above-mentioned control methods of the photovoltaic module.

[0081] Among them, as Figure 9 shown, a photovoltaic module includes three connection sub-structures 13, and one connection sub-structure 13 is connected to two battery strings. Therefore, Figure 9 as shown, a photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic system includes 6 battery strings.

[0082] Specifically, the sensor includes a temperature sensor, a voltage sensor or a current sensor. The temperature sensor is generally installed on the surface of the battery string to collect the temperature of the battery string. The voltage sensor and the current sensor are generally installed inside the sub-box (i.e., inside the connection sub-structure). The voltage sensor and the current sensor are generally detection circuits. The monitoring circuit inside the sub-box can collect the voltage and current data of each battery string. These data are crucial for analyzing the system performance, fault detection and preventive maintenance. Through real-time monitoring, the degradation or abnormal conditions of the battery performance can be detected in time, so as to take corresponding measures to avoid the system running in a non-optimal state for a long time. Among them, at least one controller is used to control a photovoltaic module. The advantage of using multiple controllers to control a photovoltaic module is that in the case of a failure of one controller, other controllers can still work, improving the reliability of the photovoltaic system.

[0083] It should also be noted that the term "including", "comprising" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, commodity or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, commodity or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, commodity or device comprising the element.

[0084] From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:

[0085] 1) In the case where the switching module is in one of the conducting state and the off state, both of the two battery strings connected to the switching module are operative. In the case where the switching module is in the other of the conducting state and the off state, both of the two battery strings connected to the switching module are inoperative. By means of one switching module, it is possible to control whether the corresponding two battery strings are connected to the photovoltaic system. In the case where a battery string fails, only the faulty battery string is disconnected from the photovoltaic system through the switching module connected to the faulty battery string, and the impact on the power generation of the system is very small. Moreover, even if the disconnected battery string generates a photovoltaic electromotive force under the action of light, the generated electromotive force is very small. In this way, during the process of the staff repairing the faulty battery string, the risk of electric shock to the staff will be greatly reduced. This photovoltaic module controls whether to connect the battery string to the system and make it operative through the switching module. When the battery string is fault-free, the battery string is connected to the system for operation. When the battery string fails, only the faulty battery string is short-circuited. In this way, only the faulty battery string can be short-circuited when the battery string fails, and the entire system circuit loop remains connected, and other photovoltaic modules can operate normally, solving the problem in the prior art that the method of shutting off a faulty battery string has a greater impact on the power generation of the system.

[0086] 2) The control method of the above photovoltaic module of the present application is used to control any one of the above photovoltaic modules. First, the working data of the battery string is obtained and it is determined whether the working data of the battery string is within the corresponding preset range; then, in the case where the working data of the battery string is not within the corresponding preset range, the switch module connected to the battery string is controlled to conduct or turn off so that the battery string does not work; in the case where the working data of the battery string is within the corresponding preset range, the switch module connected to the battery string is controlled to conduct or turn off so that the battery string works. By monitoring the electrical parameters (such as current, voltage, temperature, etc.) of the battery string in real time, this method can timely detect abnormal working states, such as hot spot effect, short circuit, overload, etc. Once it is detected that the working data deviates from the preset safety or performance range, the system immediately takes measures to turn off the corresponding switch module, isolate the faulty battery string, avoid the spread of the fault, protect the entire photovoltaic module and other devices from damage, and improve the fault response speed and management efficiency of the system. In this way, only the faulty battery string can be short-circuited when the battery string fails, and the entire system circuit loop is still connected, and other photovoltaic modules can work normally, solving the problem that the method of turning off the faulty battery string in the prior art has a greater impact on the power generation of the system.

[0087] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, including: a wiring structure including at least one switch module; N battery strings, one of the switch modules is connected to two of the battery strings. When the switch module is in one of the on state and the off state, the two battery strings connected to the switch module both work. When the switch module is in the other of the on state and the off state, the two battery strings connected to the switch module both do not work, and N≥3.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein The wiring structure includes a plurality of wiring sub-structures, and one of the wiring sub-structures includes one of the switch modules.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, wherein, The battery strings connected to the switch module are respectively a first battery string and a second battery string, and the switch module includes: a first switching device, a first end of the first switching device is electrically connected to a first end of the first battery string, and a second end of the first switching device is electrically connected to a first end of the wiring sub-structure; a second switching device, a first end of the second switching device is electrically connected to the second end of the first switching device and the first end of the wiring sub-structure respectively, and a second end of the second switching device is electrically connected to a first end of the second battery string and a second end of the wiring sub-structure respectively; wherein, when the first switching device is on and the second switching device is off, the first battery string and the second battery string work. When the second switching device is on and the first switching device is off, the first battery string and the second battery string do not work.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first end of the wiring sub-structure is one of the positive extreme and the negative extreme, and the second end of the wiring sub-structure is the other of the positive extreme and the negative extreme.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first switching device is a MOS device or an IGBT device, and the second switching device is a MOS device or an IGBT device. When the first switching device is the MOS device, the first end of the first switching device is one of the source and the drain of the MOS device, and the second end of the first switching device is the other of the source and the drain of the MOS device. When the second switching device is the MOS device, the first end of the second switching device is one of the source and the drain of the MOS device, and the second end of the second switching device is the other of the source and the drain of the MOS device.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery strings connected to the wiring sub-structure are respectively a first battery string and a second battery string, and the switch module includes: a single-pole double-throw switch, a fixed end of the single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the first end of the wiring sub-structure, a first selection end of the single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the first end of the first battery string, and a second selection end of the single-pole double-throw switch is electrically connected to the first end of the second battery string and the second end of the wiring sub-structure respectively; wherein, the first end of the wiring sub-structure is one of the positive extreme and the negative extreme, and the second end of the wiring sub-structure is the other of the positive extreme and the negative extreme.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, wherein Two adjacent ones of the terminal block structures are connected in series through a wire, and the battery strings connected to the terminal block structures are a first battery string and a second battery string respectively. The second end of the first battery string is connected to the second end of the second battery string through a bus bar.

8. A control method for a photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The method is used to control the photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 7. The method includes: acquiring the working data of the battery string, where the working data is the electrical parameter when the battery string is working; determining whether the working data of the battery string is within a corresponding preset range; when the working data of the battery string is not within the corresponding preset range, controlling the switch module connected to the battery string to be turned on or off so that the battery string does not work; when the working data of the battery string is within the corresponding preset range, controlling the switch module connected to the battery string to be turned on or off so that the battery string works.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein The working data includes at least one of the following: the temperature of the battery string, the voltage of the battery string, and the current of the battery string.

10. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that, including: at least one photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 7, with two adjacent photovoltaic modules connected in series; a sensor for collecting the working data of each battery string in the photovoltaic module, where the working data is the electrical parameter when the battery string is working; a controller for executing the control method of the photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 8 to 9.

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